211翻译硕士英语试题13

河南科技大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语（如无特殊注明，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则以“0”分计算）Part Ⅰ Multiple Choice (20%)For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, or D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. It’s not far, only ___ walk from here to our school.A. a ten minutesB. ten minutesC. a ten minutes’D. ten minutes’2. You can find a tower at ___ end of the bridge.A. bothB. everyC. eitherD. any3. Land to ____ east of ____ Urals is called Asia.A. the; theB. /; theC. /; /D. the; /4. Father went to his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble.A. adviceB. an adviceC. advicesD. the advice5. Take this medicine and drink plenty of water, you’ll be fine ____ 3 days.A. inB. afterC. laterD. since6. There are ____ students at the sports meeting.A. tens of thousands ofB. five hundreds ofC. several hundred ofD. five thousands7. I’m sorry I ____ know you ____ here.A. don’t areB. didn’t; wereC. don’t; wereD. didn’t; are8. ____ the books not properly marked and catalogued, they ____ be so easy to find.A. If; couldB. Were; couldn’tC. Had; couldn’tD. Were; could9. You must be a writer, ____ you?A. mustn’tB. areC. mustD. aren’t10. ____ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different colours.A. GrowingB. GrownC. To growD. Having grown11. There could have been a war over it but in the end reason _______.A. countedB. matteredC. conqueredD. prevailed12. Don't judge a crime until you know all the ________.A. circumstancesB. situationsC. conditionsD. surroundings13. I have tried _____ to account for the riddle．What a pity!A. heart and soulB. in vainC. over and over againD. by all means14. The doctor allowed him to go home ______ that he remained in bed.A. with the resultB. in orderC. on conditionD. on the ground15. No matter how hard we try, we can _______ do only half as much as last year.A. at leastB. at largeC. at lastD. at best16. Apart from blue eyes, blonde hair is also ________ of Swedish people.A. specificB. characteristicC. peculiarD. particular17. She told us most of the story, but kept _____ the bit about her uncle.A. offB. downC. toD. back18. I find it difficult to _____ with him when he complains so much.A. sympathizeB. approveC. consentD. correspond19. The fire was the worst _______ ever to hit the town.A. eventB. incidentC. hazardD. disaster20. The change was so _______ that we hardly noticed it.A. invisibleB. intangibleC. gradualD. inevitablePart Ⅱ Blank-filling (10%)Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context.Recently, Congressional Democrats introduced legislation to make it easier for older workers to win age discrimination lawsuits. Age discrimination remains a significant workplace issue.In recent ten years, 15.79 percent of cases __1__ to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, were described as successful claims. While this number is small given the number of workers covered by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, many, if not most, instances of age discrimination are never sued, and cases of hiring discrimination often __2__ undetected.Most of those who do sue are white, male middle-managers who are likely to have lost a sizeable salary and pension. For the most part, other groups do not __3__ because the costs of a lawsuit outweigh the potential benefits. Age discrimination remains a significant workplace issue.There is strong experimental evidence for age discrimination in hiring, at least for entry-level jobs. Recently, I performed a labor market experiment in Boston __4__ which I sent out thousands of resumes for fictitious entry-level female candidates and measured response rate based on date of high school graduation. Among this group, younger applicants, whose date of high school graduation indicated that they were less than 50 years old, were 40 percent more likely to be called back for an interview __5__ were older applicants.It is difficult to tell whether employment problems are worse for older workers than for other workers when times are bad. The number of discrimination lawsuits increases during times of high unemployment, but this finding by itself does not indicate an increased level of age discrimination. In times of higher unemployment, the opportunity cost to a lawsuit is lower than __6__ is when times are good.From the employer's perspective, mass layoffs may seem like a good chance to remove a higher proportion of generally more expensive older workers without the worry of being sued. On the other hand, employers may be less likely to remove protected older workers because they still fear lawsuits. One thing we do know is that once an older worker loses a job, he or she is much less likely to find a new __7__ than a younger worker is.Unfortunately, the effect of legislation prohibiting age discrimination is not easy to see and may actually be part ofthe reason it is so difficult for older workers to find employment. If it is more difficult to fire an older worker than a younger worker, a firm will be less likely to want to hire older workers. Indeed, my research finds that in states ___8___ workers have longer time to bring a lawsuit claim, older men work fewer weeks per year, are less likely to be hired, and less likely to be fired than men in states where they do not have as much.Not many people would suggest that we go back to a world __9__ to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, in which advertisements specify the specific ages of people they are willing to hire. However, legislation prohibiting discrimination is no panacea. The recent proposed congressional __10__ could have both positive and negative effects on potential older workers.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40%)Read the following passages and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C, or D.1As students primp and preen to wow their favorite colleges, there's one characteristic they can't control: their race. That's one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful of lawsuits, play down their affirmative-action efforts these days. But make no mistake: race still matters. How much depends on the school and the state.In Texas, public universities have managed to counteract the effect of racial-preference bans by automatically admitting the top 10% of the graduating class of every high school, including those schools where most students are minorities. But Rice University in Houston, private and highly selective, has had to reinvent its admissions strategies to maintain the school's minority enrollment. Each February, 80 to 90 black, Hispanic and Native American kids visit Rice on an expenses-paid trip. Rice urges counselors from high schools with large minority populations to nominate qualified students. And in the fall, Rice sends two recruiters on the road to find minority applicants; each recruiter visits about 80 predominantly black or Hispanic high schools. Two weeks ago, Rice recruiter Tamara Siler dropped in on Westlake High in Atlanta, where 99% of the 1,296 students are black. Siler went bearing literature and advice, and though only two kids showed up, she said, "I'm pleased I got two."Rice has also resorted to some almost comical end-runs around the spirit of the law. The university used to award a yearly scholarship to a Mexican-American student; now it goes to a student who speaks Spanish really well. Admissions officers no longer know an applicant's race. But a new essay question asks about each student's "background" and "cultural traditions." When Rice officials read applications, they look for "diverse life experiences" and what they awkwardly call "overcome students," who have triumphed over hardship.Last spring, admissions readers came across a student whose SAT score was lower than 1,200 and who did not rank in the top 10% of her class. Numerically speaking, she lagged far behind most accepted applicants. But her essay and recommendations indicated a strong interest in civil rights and personal experience with racial discrimination. She was admitted. "All the newspapers say affirmative action is done," says a veteran counselor at a large New York City high school. "But nothing has changed. I have a [minority] kid at Yale with an SAT score in the high 900s."While minority admissions at the University of California system overall have dipped only slightly since a ban on affirmative action took effect in 1998, they have plummeted at the most selective campuses. At Berkeley, for example, the class entering this fall included 608 Chicano students, vs. 1,013 in 1997. In response, the elite schools have moved aggressively to recruit at minority high schools--and even to improve the performance of students who are graduating from them. This year the U.C. system will spend $250 million on outreach, from installing tutors at low-income schools to inviting high school teachers to summer calculus seminars.1.Affirmative action is something ___________.A. that guarantees students of different races to be admitted equallyB. American citizens fight against because it discriminates minority studentsC. colleges take to give preference to minority students in college admissionD. favored by American colleges yet unpopular with American public2.Rice University sent two recruiters to find minority applicants because _________.A. Rice wanted to maintain minority enrollmentB. minority students have better school performanceC. Rice has a large minority populationD. Rice is famous for admitting minority students3.The writer mentioned Rice’s some comic end-runs around the spirit of the law to show that ____________.A. Rice abides by the law strictlyB. Rice deals with students in a comic wayC. Rice prefers minority studentsD. Rice has its own ways of dealing with the law4.It seems that minority students _________.A. are still benefiting from affirmative actionB. have lower SAT scoresC. are often admitted by universities because they have unique racial experienceD. lag far behind than other students in school performance5.The word “plummeted” (Line 2, Paragraph 5) most probably means_________.A .doubled B. risen C. stayed the same D. decreased2As you read this, nearly 80,000 Americans are waiting for a new heart, kidney or some other organ that could save their life. Tragically, about 6,000 of them will die this year--nearly twice as many people as perished in the Sept. 11 attacks--because they won't get their transplant in time. The vast majority of Americans (86%, according to one poll) say they support organ donation. But only 20% actually sign up to do it. Why the shortfall?Part of the problem is the way we handle organ donations. Americans who want to make this sort of gift have to opt in--that is, indicate on a driver's license that when they die, they want their organs to be made available. Many European and Asian countries take the opposite approach; in Singapore, for example, all residents receive a letter when they come of age informing them that their organs may be harvested unless they explicitly object. In Belgium, which adopted a similar presumed-consent system 12 years ago, less than 2% of the population has decided to opt out.Further complicating the situation in the U.S. is the fact that whatever decision you make can be overruled by your family. The final say is left to your surviving relatives, who must make up their minds in the critical hours after brain death has been declared. There are as many as 50 body parts, from your skin to your corneas, that can save or transform the life of a potential recipient, but for many families lost in grief, the idea of dismembering a loved one is more than they can bear.The U.S., like all medically advanced societies, has struggled to find a way to balance an individual's rightful sovereignty over his or her body with society's need to save its members from avoidable deaths. Given America's tradition of rugged individualism and native distrust of Big Brotherly interference, it's not surprising that voters resisted attempts to switch to a presumed-consent system when it was proposed in California, Oregon, Minnesota, Pennsylvania and Maryland. Health Secretary Tommy Thompson last spring announced plans for a new initiative to encourage donations--including clearer consent forms--but its impact is expected to be modest. Given the crying need for organs, perhaps it's time we considered shifting to something closer to the presumed-consent model.Meanwhile, if you want to ensure that your organs are donated when you die, you should say so in a living will or fill out a Uniform Donor Card (available from the American Medical Association). Make sure your closest relatives know about it. And if you don't want to donate an organ, you should make your wishes equally explicit.6.According to the author, one of the reasons for a shortage of organs in America is ______.A. most Americans are reluctant to donate their organs after deathB. the information about organ donation is not popular in AmericaC. the ways to handle organ donation is far from perfectD. people waiting for transplant are rapidly increasing in America7.What is most Americans’ attitude towards the organ donation?A. Indifferent.B. Indignant.C. Detached.D. Supportive.8.It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that ______.A. Americans have a long tradition of weak individualismB. all the states in America resist the presumed-consent systemC. it’s not easy to find a way to serve the society’s need and at the same time to protect the individual’s right in thematter of organ donationD. the government is not active in solving the problem9.The term “presumed-consent” probably means ______.A. one’s organs should be donated whether they a gree or notB. one is supposed to agree that their organ will be donated after death unless they explicitly objectC. dismembering a dead body is inhumanD. one is assumed to be happy after they decide to donate their organs10.From the text, we can see t he author’s attitude towards organ donation is ______.A. supportiveB. indignantC. indifferentD. negative3Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald's in April. Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, McDonald's had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald's franchisees. Mr. Cantalupo was a McDonald's veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food. He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promised chief executive's address, from the firm's first non-American leader.Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the "steady hand at the wheel". Now Mr. Skinner (pictured), an expert on the firm's overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.Is Mr Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. McDonald's has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7.5% in October on a year earlier.The new team's task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to face political hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession the best way to tackle it? Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss groomed from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald's smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald's must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.11.The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is ________.A. the board’s interferenceB. the falling salesC. the health problems of the chief executivesD. the constant change of its share price12.Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald?A. the change of the chief executiveB. people’s concern about junk foodC. dirty restaurantD. indifferent service13.Th e phrase “heir apparent” (Line 6, Paragraph 2) in the article most probably means ____________.A. someone who has the same idea, aim and style with a personB. someone who has the unalienable right to receive the family titleC. someone who is appointed as a heir of a personD. someone who is likely to take over a person’s position when that person leaves14.In terms of succession at the top, McDonald _________.A. has had to made rather hasty decisionsB. prefers to appoint a new boss from withinC. acts in a quick and unreasonable wayD. surprises all the people with its decisions15.Toward McDonald’s reaction to emergencies at the top, the writer’s attitude can be said to be ___________.A. indifferentB. doubtfulC. objectiveD. praisefulRead the following passage and answer the questions briefly.4One of the major pleasures in life is appetite, and one of our major duties should be to preserve it. Appetite is the keenness of living; it is one of the senses that tells you that you are still curious to exist, that you still have an edge on your longings and want to bite into the world and taste its multitudinous flavors and juices.By appetite, of course, I don’t mean just the lust for food, but any co ndition of unsatisfied desire, any burning in the blood that proves you want more than you’ve got, and that you haven’t yet used up your life. Wilde said he felt sorry for those who never got their heart’s desire, but sorrier still for those who did. I got mine once only, and it nearly killed me, and I’ve always preferred wanting to having since.For appetite, to me, is this state of wanting, which keeps one’s expectations alive. I remember learning the lesson long ago as a child, when treats and orgies were few, and when I discovered that the greatest pitch of happiness was not in actually eating a toffee but in gazing at it beforehand. True, the first bite was delicious, but once the toffee was gone one was left with nothing, neither toffee nor lust. Besides, the whole toffeeness of toffees was imperceptibly diminished by the gross act of having eaten it. No, the best was in wanting it, in sitting and looking at it, when one tasted an inexhaustible treasure-house of flavors.So, for me, one of the keenest pleasures of appetite remains in the wanting, not the satisfaction. In wanting a peach, or a whisky, or a particular texture or sound, or to be with a particular friend. For in this condition, of course, I know that the object of desire is always at its most flawlessly perfect. Which is why I would carry the preservation of appetite to the extent of deliberate fasting, simply because I think that appetite is too good to lose, too precious to be bludgeoned into insensibility by satiation and over-doing it.For that matter, I don’t really want three square meals a day—I want one huge, delicious, orgiastic, table-groaning blow-out, say every four days, and then not be too sure where the next one is coming from. A day of fasting is not for me just a puritanical device for denying oneself a pleasure, but rather a way of anticipating a rare moment of supreme indulgence.Fasting is an act of homage to the majesty of appetite. So I think we should arrange to give up our pleasures regularly—our food, our friends, our lovers—in order to preserve their intensity, and the moment of coming back to them. For this is the moment that renews and refreshes both oneself and the thing one loves.Sailors and travelers enjoyed this once, and so did hunters, I suppose. Part of the weariness of modern life may be that we live too much on top of each other, and are entertained and fed too regularly. Once we were separated by hunger both from our food and families, and then we learned to value both. The men went off hunting, and the dogs went with them; the women and children waved goodbye. The cave was empty of men for days on end; nobody ate, or knew what to do. The women crouched by the fire, the wet smoke in their eyes; the children wailed; everybody was hungry. Thenone night there were shouts and the barking of dogs from the hills, and the men came back loaded with meat. This was the great reunion, and everybody gorged themselves silly, and appetite came into its own; the long-awaited meal became a feast to remember and an almost sacred celebration of life. Now we go off to the office and come home in the evenings to cheap chicken and frozen peas. Very nice, but too much of it, too easy and regular, served up without effort or wanting. We eat, we are lucky, our faces are shining with fat, but we don’t know the pleasure of being hungry any more.Too much of anything—too much music, entertainment, happy snacks, or time spent with one’s friends—creates a kind of impotence of living by which one can no longer hear, or taste, or see, or love, or remember. Life is short and precious, and appetite is one of its guardians, and loss of appetite is a sort of death. So if we are to enjoy this short life we should respect the divinity of appetite, and keep it eager and not too much blunted.It is a long time now since I knew that acute moment of bliss that comes from putting parched lips to a cup of cold water. The springs are still there to be enjoyed—all one needs is the original thirst.16. Why is it that “Wilde felt sorry for those who never got their heart’s desire, but sorrier still for those who did. (Paragraph 1).”?17. What is the purpose of the author’s deliberate fasting?18. What can be inferred from the sentence “… the object of desire is a lways at its most flawlessly perfect (Paragraph 4).”?19. What specific conclusion does the author reach after making a contrast between the ancient people and the modern man?20. Give a brief summary of the purpose of the essay.Part ⅨWriting (30%)Whi le some people claim that a person’s essential qualities are inherited at birth, others hold that the circumstances in which a person grows up are mainly responsible for the type of person he /she later becomes. Nature or nurture? Write a composition of about 300 words to express your views. You should supply an appropriate title of your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, and appropriacy.。