with复合短语和独立主格结构的区别

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with的复合结构和独立主格结构

with的复合结构和独立主格结构

1. with+宾语+形容词。

比如:. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫,颈部敞开,露出光光的胸膛。

Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。

2. with+宾语+副词。

比如:She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头,跟在导游之后。

What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在,多没劲儿呀!3. with+宾语+过去分词。

比如:He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。

She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。

4. with+宾语+现在分词。

比如:With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了,该买些保暖的衣服了。

He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了,(可)灯还亮着。

5. with+宾语+介词短语。

比如:He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。

The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了,怀里抱着两岁的孩子。

6. with+宾语+动词不定式。

比如: With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做,我就去看了场电影。

Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉,有这么多盘子要洗,我不能出去。

中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解

中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解

中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解字体大小:大中小晓晓发表于2011-11-07 23:12评论0条阅读497次不少学生对with结构的用法比较复杂,不少英语学习者总感觉不甚清楚,现将一介词with、二with复合结构、三独立主格结构、四动词独立主格结构、五with/without 引导的独立主格结构总结如下。

with结构也称为with复合结构,首先要与介词with的用法区别开来。

先让我们全面了解介词with的用法。

一、介词with的用法with prep.其主要词义包括“有, 以, 用, 同...,由于, 和...一致, 赞成, 关于......” 等21种词义。

1. the company of; accompanying:和,陪伴:在…陪伴下;随同:2.Did you go with her?你跟她一起去吗?Next to; alongside of:在…旁边,同…在一起:stood with the rabbi; sat with the family.与教士站在一起,与家人坐在一块儿3.Having as a possession, an attribute, or a characteristic:带着,带来:作为所有物、属性或特点具有:arrived with bad news; a man with a moustache.带来坏消息;留络腮胡子的男人4.In a manner characterized by:以…方式:performed with skill; spoke with enthusiasm.很有技巧地表演;热情地说话5.In the performance, use, or operation of:使用:在…的表现、使用或运行中:had trouble with the car.汽车出了毛病6.In the charge or keeping of:负责,照料:left the cat with the neighbors.把猫托邻居照顾7.In the opinion or estimation of:以…的观点或估计:if it's all right with you.如果你没异议的话8.In support of; on the side of:支持,赞同:I'm with anyone who wants to help the homeless.我支持任何想帮助流浪汉的人7.Of the same opinion or belief as:和…一致:与…有相同观点或信仰:He is with us on that issue.在那个议题上他和我们观点一致8.By the means or agency of:用:通过…的方式或媒介:eat with a fork; made us laugh with his jokes.用叉子吃饭;以他的笑话引我们发笑9. In spite of:尽管:With all her experience, she could not get a job.尽管很有经验,她还是找不到工作10. In the same direction as:与…同向:sail with the wind; flow with the river.顺风起帆;顺河而流11. At the same time as:与…同时:gets up with the birds.与鸟儿同时起床12. In regard to:关于,对于:We are pleased with her decision. They are disgusted with the situations.她这样决定,我们很高兴;他们对现状很厌恶13. Used as a function word to indicate a party to an action, a communicative activity, or an informal agreement or settlement:和…:用作功能词表示某个动作、交流活动或非正式协议或决定的一方:played with the dog; had a talk with the class; lives with an aunt.与狗玩;和班上的同学谈一谈;与姑母住在一起14. In comparison or contrast to:与…相比;与…对照:a dress identical with the one her sister just bought.和她姐姐刚买衣服同一款式15. Having received:收到,获得:With her permission, he left. I escaped with just a few bruises.获得她允许后,他离开了。

独立主格和with的复合结构和非谓语的区别

独立主格和with的复合结构和非谓语的区别

独立主格和with的复合结构和非谓语的区别独立主格和with的复合结构以及非谓语动词是英语语法中常见的三种结构。

独立主格是指包含一个名词或代词和一个动词分词的结构,该结构通常用于修饰整个句子的一部分。

例如,“天空阴沉着,他走进了房间”,其中“天空阴沉着”是独立主格,用来描述整个句子的气氛。

与独立主格类似的是with的复合结构。

它由一个名词或代词和一个带有介词with的短语组成,通常也用来修饰整个句子的一部分。

例如,“与他一起工作的人都很聪明”,其中“与他一起工作的人”是with的复合结构。

非谓语动词则是指动词的一种形式,不带有主语和谓语,通常用于修饰名词或代词。

例如,“我喜欢看漫画书”,其中“看漫画书”是非谓语动词。

虽然这三种结构相似,但它们之间还是有区别的。

独立主格和with的复合结构通常用来修饰整个句子或一个名词或代词,而非谓语动词则通常用来修饰名词或代词。

同时,非谓语动词还可以用来表示时间、原因、目的等概念。

因此,在使用这些结构时,需要根据具体的语境和需要来选择合适的结构。

- 1 -。

高中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解

高中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解

高中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解时间:2011-10-16 10:57 来源:天天高中学习网点击: 241次2012寒假提高成绩50-150分秘诀:高一视频,高二视频,高三视频寒假名师辅导推荐视频年级课程高一课程推荐高一“寒假点睛班”!高一“寒假单科补弱班”高二课程推荐高二“寒假点睛班”!高二“寒假单科补弱班”高三课程推荐高三“寒假双重提高班”!高考二轮寒假提高班!初中课程推荐初一“寒假双重提高班”!初二“寒假双重提高班”初三“寒假中考双重强化班”更多初中高中辅导课程推荐,点击进入>>不少学生对with结构的用法比较复杂,不少英语学习者总感觉不甚清楚,现将一介词with、二with复合结构、三独立主格结构、四动词独立主格结构、五with/without 引导的独立主格结构总结如下。

with结构也称为with复合结构,首先要与介词with的用法区别开来。

先让我们全面了解介词with的用法。

一、介词with的用法with prep.其主要词义包括“有, 以, 用, 同...,由于, 和...一致, 赞成, 关于......” 等21种词义。

1. the company of; accompanying:和,陪伴:在…陪伴下;随同:2.Did you go with her?你跟她一起去吗?Next to; alongside of:在…旁边,同…在一起:stood with the rabbi; sat with the family.与教士站在一起,与家人坐在一块儿3.Having as a possession, an attribute, or a characteristic:带着,带来:作为所有物、属性或特点具有:arrived with bad news; a man with a moustache.带来坏消息;留络腮胡子的男人4.In a manner characterized by:以…方式:performed with skill; spoke with enthusiasm.很有技巧地表演;热情地说话5.In the performance, use, or operation of:使用:在…的表现、使用或运行中:had trouble with the car.汽车出了毛病6.In the charge or keeping of:负责,照料:left the cat with the neighbors.把猫托邻居照顾7.In the opinion or estimation of:以…的观点或估计:if it's all right with you.如果你没异议的话8.In support of; on the side of:支持,赞同:I'm with anyone who wants to help the homeless.我支持任何想帮助流浪汉的人7.Of the same opinion or belief as:和…一致:与…有相同观点或信仰:He is with us on that issue.在那个议题上他和我们观点一致8.By the means or agency of:用:通过…的方式或媒介:eat with a fork; made us laugh with his jokes.用叉子吃饭;以他的笑话引我们发笑9. In spite of:尽管:With all her experience, she could not get a job.尽管很有经验,她还是找不到工作10. In the same direction as:与…同向:sail with the wind; flow with the river.顺风起帆;顺河而流11. At the same time as:与…同时:gets up with the birds.与鸟儿同时起床12. In regard to:关于,对于:We are pleased with her decision. They are disgusted with the situations.她这样决定,我们很高兴;他们对现状很厌恶13. Used as a function word to indicate a party to an action, a communicative activity, or an informal agreement or settlement:和…:用作功能词表示某个动作、交流活动或非正式协议或决定的一方:played with the dog; had a talk with the class; lives with an aunt.与狗玩;和班上的同学谈一谈;与姑母住在一起14. In comparison or contrast to:与…相比;与…对照:a dress identical with the one her sister just bought.和她姐姐刚买衣服同一款式15. Having received:收到,获得:With her permission, he left. I escaped with just a few bruises.获得她允许后,他离开了。

with的复合结构和独立主格的异同

with的复合结构和独立主格的异同

with的复合结构和独立主格的异同with的复合结构和独立主格是英语中两种常见的短语结构,它们都可以用来表示伴随关系。

但是,它们在语法和用法上有着一些明显的异同点。

一、with的复合结构1. 语法结构with的复合结构由with引导,并且包括一个名词短语或代词作为宾语,后面跟着一个动词或动词短语。

例如:- She walked to the park with her dog.- He went to the concert with his girlfriend.2. 用法with的复合结构通常用来表示伴随关系,即两个行为同时发生或在同一时间内进行。

它还可以表示附加信息或补充说明。

例如:- With a smile on her face, she greeted me warmly.- He left the party early with a headache.二、独立主格1. 语法结构独立主格是指一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词,它们之间没有任何连接词。

例如:- The sun having set, we made our way back home.- Me being sick, I couldn't go to work today.2. 用法独立主格也表示伴随关系,但它更侧重于描述先决条件或原因。

通常情况下,独立主格放在句子的开头,用逗号与主句分开。

例如:- The weather being nice, we decided to have a picnic.- Her parents having died, she was left alone in the world.三、异同点1. 语法结构with的复合结构和独立主格在语法结构上有很大的差别。

前者是一个介词短语加上一个宾语和动词,后者则是一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词。

2. 用法虽然两种结构都可以表示伴随关系,但是它们在用法上有一些不同。

with复合短语和独立主格结构的区别

with复合短语和独立主格结构的区别

with复合短语和独立主格结构的区别一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。

With结构构成方式如下:1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式;5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。

下面分别举例:1、 She came into the room,with her nose red.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。

(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。

)The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house,without a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语)6. Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

独立主格结构与with复合结构

独立主格结构与with复合结构

4._____ time going by , Einstein’s theory proved _______ .

A. As; correct
C. With; correct
B. With; corrected D. As; being correct
5.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back.
① With the boy to lead the way, we are sure we’ll be there on time.
有男孩带路,我们有把握会准时到那儿。(表示原因)
② The classroom is very bight with all the lights turned on.
B. setting
C. has set
D. was set
2.She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down C. with tears rolled down
B. tears rolled down D. tears rolling down
表示存在时用“There being +名词(代词)”的结构
There being no buses, they walked to the theatre .
It being +名词(代词)
由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息。 It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了。 It being holiday, all the shops were shut.

With的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构

With的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构

With 的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构with 的复合宾语结构是高考的一个重点;分词的独立主格结构不是句子,因为没有实际的主语和谓语,该结构放在句首或句尾。

两者的语法功能和结构是相同的。

即两者在句中作状语,独立主格结构前加with 就构成了with的复合宾语结构。

㈠with 的复合宾语结构1.With+名词或代词+v-ingWith the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. <伴随状语>=While____________________________________________________.With Peter working in Birmingham and Lucy travelling most of the week, the house seems pretty empty. <原因状语>=Because _________________________________________________.With time going on, our life is becoming more beautiful. <时间状语>= As______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上主谓关系,即主动关系。

2. With+名词或代词+v-edWith the decision made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.=After ___________________________________________________.With the job finished, we went home straight away.=Because___________________________________________________.With more time given, I’ll explain this item in detail.=If _______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上动宾关系,即被动关系。

独立主格结构和with引导的复合结构

独立主格结构和with引导的复合结构

I.独立主格结构We already have 2.4 million people…, 412,000 of them locked away in a prison cell. (Lesson 3, Para. 1)(一)定义独立主格结构是由一个独立的主格名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语(作为逻辑谓语)构成。

其作用相当于状语,多用来表示原因、方式或伴随的情况,有时也用来表示时间和条件。

这种结构多用在书面语中。

(二)特点1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。

2.名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系。

3.独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

(三)几种常见的独立主格结构形式1. 名词(或代词)+现在分词(或过去分词)。

如:The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.2. 名词(或代词)+形容词。

如:The weather hot, we all went swimming.3. 名词(或代词)+不定式。

如:Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the police went.4. 名词(或代词)+介词短语。

如:He climbed in, sword in hand.5. 名词(或代词)+副词。

如:The meeting over, we left the room.II. With引导的复合结构With the average cost of prison construction running around $50,000 per bed, it would cost … (Lesson 3, Para. 9)(一)with复合结构的模式with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(二)with复合结构与独立主格结构它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.如:With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.= The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.但须注意的是:with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.= Soon she arrived at a park where grass was green and flowers were in blossom.。

9-1-with-复合结构和独立主格

9-1-with-复合结构和独立主格

with的复合结构,是由with+复合宾语组成.常在句中做状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等.其构成有下列几种情形:1。

with+名词(或代词)+现在分词此时,现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。

1)With prices going up so fast,we can't afford luxuries。

由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。

(原因状语)2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。

(伴随情况)2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词此时,过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。

例如:1)I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling。

我在房间坐了一会儿,眼睛盯着天花板。

(伴随情况)2)She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。

(原因状语)3。

with+名词(或代词)+形容词1)I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉.(伴随情况)2)With the weather so close and stuffy,ten to one it'll rain presently.大气这样闷,十之八九要下雨。

(原因状语)4.with+名词(或代词)+介词短语1)With the children at school,we can't take our vacation when we want to。

由于孩子们在上学,所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。

(原因状语)2)The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿.(行为方式)5.with+名词(或代词)+副词1)He fell asleep with the light on.他睡着了,灯还亮着。

with 的复合结构和独立主格结构

with 的复合结构和独立主格结构

1. with+宾语+形容词。

比如:。

The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫,颈部敞开,露出光光的胸膛. Don't talk with your mouth full。

嘴里有食物时不要讲话.2. with+宾语+副词。

比如: She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头,跟在导游之后。

What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在,多没劲儿呀!3. with+宾语+过去分词。

比如: He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed。

他眼睛半闭着听音乐. She sat with her head bent。

她低着头坐着。

4。

with+宾语+现在分词。

比如:With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes。

冬天到了,该买些保暖的衣服了. He soon fell asleep with the light still burning。

他很快就睡着了,(可)灯还亮着. 5. with+宾语+介词短语。

比如:He was asleep with his head on his arms。

他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。

The young lady came in, with her two- year—old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了,怀里抱着两岁的孩子。

6。

with+宾语+动词不定式。

比如:With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film。

下午无事可做,我就去看了场电影。

Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash。

独立主格结构和with复合结构

独立主格结构和with复合结构
The thief was brought to the front with his hand tied behind.小偷被带到前面,双手被捆在后面。
Withr a walk.
由于没有什么事情可做,他便到外面散步去了。
2. with+名词(代词)+形容词/副词/介词短语
The meeting over(=After themeetingwasover), they all went home.会议一结束,他们就都回家了。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children(=andmany of themwerechildren).
两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。
The boywentto the classroom,book in hand(=and a book was in his hand).那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
二.with复合结构
with复合结构也是一种独立主格结构,用法同独立主格结构。主要有以下两种情况:
1.with+名词(代词)+分词/不定式
He fell asleep with the windows open.他开着窗睡觉。
He came into the room,withhisdog out.他回到了房子里,他的狗在外面。
He came out of the library,witha large book under hisarm.他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆。
独立主格结构和with复合结构
一.独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等构成的一种独立结构,用来修饰整个句子。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词,如果有并列连词或从属连词,则用完整的谓语动词形式。

with 的复合结构和独立主格

with 的复合结构和独立主格

1 With 的复合结构(with+ 复合宾语)with+ 复合宾语结构常作原因状语、伴随状语、定语等。

With + 名词/代词+名词With + 名词/代词+形容词With + 名词/代词+副词With + 名词/代词+介词短语With + 名词/代词+不定式(to do/ to be done 表示动作将要做 , 若句中主语发出动作,用to do , 若句中主语不发出这一动作,则用to be done With + 名词/代词+现在分词 (doing/ being done 表示动作与谓语动词同时进行,若是with 后的名词/代词发出动作,即所谓的主动,则用doing ; 若是被动,则用being done )With + 名词/代词+过去分词 (动作已结束,动词与前面名词/代词的关系是被动)He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.She used to sleep with the windows open.She used to sleep with the light on.She came in, with a book in her hand.With all the work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.With the boy leading us, we soon found the house.With the house being painted, we can’t move in.With everything I needed bought, I left the shop.2 独立主格结构一般来说,我们把With 复合结构中的with 去掉,就成了独立主格结构了。

如: She slept, the windows open.The prisoner stood there, his hands raised. ( 可以这样理解:hand 是被举起的,表示被动和完成)Time permitting, We ‘ll go for a picnic.(time和permit 是主动关系)She came in, book in hand. (注: book 和hand 之前不加任何代词或冠词,这与with 复合结构不同)还有不同的是,独立主格中出现了beingIt being a fine day, we decided to go swimming.There being no bus, I had to go home on foot.这两句话中的being 是由动词be 变来的,可以这样想:独立主格也是状语,所以不能使用谓语动词。

with和独立主格结构

with和独立主格结构

with和独立主格结构独立主格结构和with / without复合结构一.独立主格结构1.概念:状语有时可以由一个名词或代词和另一成分构成的复合结构担任,称为独立主格结构。

2.结构:名词/代词+ 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。

这一结构在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。

Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词)当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。

一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。

1.This problem settled, they left the meeting – room.2.Time permitting, we`ll go there on foot.3.He was lying on the grass, his handscrossed under his head.(Ⅱ)名词/代词+ (being) 形容词1.His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.2. He entered the house, his nose red with cold.(Ⅲ)名词/代词+(being) 副词He put on his socks,wrong side out.Ⅳ)名词/代词+不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南)A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed2. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out.Ⅴ)名词/代词+介词短语在这一结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词,这些名词前习惯不用冠词。

With复合结构与独立主格结构

With复合结构与独立主格结构

一:With复合结构与独立主格结构with复合结构与独立主格结构是英语中常见的两种结构形式。

从某种意义上说,它们可以算作是非谓语动词用法的延伸。

它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换。

虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同,但其结构形式和名称却不相同。

抓住这一点,就可以把二者融会贯通,从而在阅读中减少不必要的理解障碍。

with复合结构的模式是:with+名词/代词(作逻辑主语)+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑谓语)独立主格结构的模式是:主格名词/代词(作逻辑主语)+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑谓语)请看下例:一、作时间状语1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.2、With our work having been finished well, we went out for a holiday.=Our work having been finished well, we went out for a holiday. 3、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.=The traffic light green, the bus got moving.4、With the wedding dinner party(being) over, we left the hotel.=The wedding dinner party(being) over, we left the hotel.二、作原因状语5、With it being Sunday, the library was closed.=It being Sunday, the library was closed.6、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.=The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. 7、With us to care for the children you are able to be carefree away from home.=We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home.(注意此处的we 不得改成us,用了us便不是独立主格结构了。

with 的复合结构和独立主格

with 的复合结构和独立主格

1 With 的复合结构(with+ 复合宾语)with+ 复合宾语结构常作原因状语、伴随状语、定语等。

With + 名词/代词+名词With + 名词/代词+形容词With + 名词/代词+副词With + 名词/代词+介词短语With + 名词/代词+不定式(to do/ to be done 表示动作将要做, 若句中主语发出动作,用to do , 若句中主语不发出这一动作,则用to be doneWith + 名词/代词+现在分词(doing/ being done 表示动作与谓语动词同时进行,若是with 后的名词/代词发出动作,即所谓的主动,则用doing ; 若是被动,则用being done )With + 名词/代词+过去分词(动作已结束,动词与前面名词/代词的关系是被动) He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.She used to sleep with the windows open.She used to sleep with the light on.She came in, with a book in her hand.With all the work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.With the boy leading us, we soon found the house.With the house being painted, we can’t move in.With everything I needed bought, I left the shop.2 独立主格结构一般来说,我们把With 复合结构中的with 去掉,就成了独立主格结构了。

如:She slept, the windows open.The prisoner stood there, his hands raised. ( 可以这样理解:hand 是被举起的,表示被动和完成)Time permitting, We ‘ll go for a picnic.(time和permit 是主动关系)She came in, book in hand. (注: book 和hand 之前不加任何代词或冠词,这与with 复合结构不同)还有不同的是,独立主格中出现了beingIt being a fine day, we decided to go swimming.There being no bus, I had to go home on foot.这两句话中的being 是由动词be 变来的,可以这样想:独立主格也是状语,所以不能使用谓语动词。

独立主格结构和with+复合宾语结构

独立主格结构和with+复合宾语结构

独立主格结构和with+复合宾语结构在英语里,独立主格结构和with+复合宾语结构是两种关系非常紧密的句法结构,近年来是各种考试检测的热点和重点。

有的人认为这是两种不同的结构,也有的人把with+复合宾语结构归入独立主格结构中,认为with+复合宾语结构是独立主格结构的一种特殊形式。

这两者之间一般可以转换。

这两种结构既有相似点,又有差异。

在教学过程中,发现学生对这两种结构的认识和理解既不全面,也不透彻。

我根据自己多年的教学经验,觉得用对比法来学习,很容易掌握这两种结构,并能熟练运用,应对各类考试。

在这里,我还是把它们作为两种不同的结构来说明。

一、独立主格结构1.独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是由一个名词或者主格代词加上其它成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。

名词和代词相当于逻辑主语,其它部分相当于谓语。

这种结构在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子。

2.独立主格结构的基本构成及功能独立主格结构主要起状语的作用,相当于一个状语从句,一般用来表示行为方式、伴随情况等,也可以用来表示时间、原因、条件等。

㈠独立主格结构的基本构成名词或代词+分词名词或代词是现在分词所表示的动作的执行者,与现在分词构成逻辑的主谓关系;名词或代词是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系表关系。

The experiment done ,the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在试验报告上做记录。

He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.他脸朝天,头枕着手躺着。

Time permitting, we can finish the work. 如果时间许可,我们能够完成这项工作。

It being Sunday, they had no classes. 由于是星期天,他们不上课。

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一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。

With结构构成方式如下:1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式;5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。

下面分别举例:1、 She came into the room,with her nose red.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。

(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。

) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house,without a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语)6. Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

With结构在句中也可以作定语。

例如:like eating the mooncakes with eggs.space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、 with结构的特点1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。

复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。

例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。

例如: He could not finish it without me to help him.四、几点说明:1. with结构在句子中的位置: with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。

若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。

2. with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别:在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。

例如: With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路) With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别: with结构具有上述功能和特点,而\"介词with+名词或代词(组)\"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。

作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。

在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系: with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with 结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。

在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。

独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。

例如: There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(\"with+复合宾语\"结构,在句中作定语)A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语)The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语)Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况) board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

With结构在句中也可以作定语。

例如:like eating the mooncakes with eggs.space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、 with结构的特点1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。

复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。

例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。

例如: He could not finish it without me to help him.四、几点说明:1. with结构在句子中的位置: with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。

若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。

2. with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别:在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。

例如: With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路) With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别: with结构具有上述功能和特点,而\"介词with+名词或代词(组)\"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。

作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。

在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系: with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with 结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。

在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。

独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。

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