2013年英语专业八级翻译辅导

TEM-8：Translation •Hu Bo, English Department
Invitation to TEM-8 translation •Section A: Chinese passage to English 10';
30 mins
•Section B: English passage to Chinese 10';
30 mins
•Basic requirements of Tem-8 translation:
•(见专八翻译评分标准)
2008年英语专业八级考试真题
•都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高。

今后将更高。

拥有一个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦想。

•我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。

人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。

人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。

心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。

每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。

但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。

•本文选自英文报Shanghai Daily 翻译大奖赛第11期
翻译方法解析
•我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。

•shift between hypotaxis & parataxis
•形合、意合的转换
•*I think, in fact, everybody has a small garden, this is our inner world...
•I think, in fact everybody has his own little garden, namely, an(our) inner world.
•人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。

•Just as there is a need for human beings to tap into their own intelligence, so(as) is the case with their inner world.•Human beings need to tap into their intelligence, so(as) is the case with their own inner world.
•人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。

•What distinguishes between human beings and animals, apart from the various aspects which are universally known, may (probably) be that human beings have an inner world.•What distinguishes human beings from animals, apart from the various aspects which are universally known, may (probably) be that human beings have an inner world.
•心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。

•The heart is no more than an important (essential)organ whereas the inner world constitutes a landscape, which gradually takes its(/)shape under the continuous influence from(of)the outside world.
•每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，
以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。

•So great is the importance that everyone attaches to the physical condition of his own heart or those of his closest and dearest ones, that merely a minor disease would enduringly weigh on his mind.•Everyone attaches such great importance to the physical conditions of his own heart or those of his closest and dearest ones that even a minor defect persistently weighs on his mind.
•但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。

•It is not necessarily the case, however, that everyone pays attention to the state of his own inner world and that of his loved ones.
•However, not everyone pays attention to the state of his own inner world and that of his loved ones.
常用技巧
•选词
•词序调整
•意合与形合的转换
•增词
•英译汉：
•直译意译（或直译、意译结合）
•But ,as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married ,the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical.
•Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school–boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled.
•This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth,and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations.
•Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it.
•They looked back with affection to their engagement; they had been longing to have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed that they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.
•但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样，当他们最终结婚后，发现他们原先务必憧憬的理想生活变得再实际不过了。

•他们非但没有分担各自原先的责任---正如那些学生们所说"对半分"，相反却发现生活的忧虑和烦恼成倍增
加了。

•有时候他们会感到焦虑不安，突然意识到自己并没有过着天堂般的生活，而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上，而且成为了新规则和新约束的奴隶。

•他们的生活并没有比以前更自由、更幸福，反而要去承担新的责任。

既然成立了一个新的家庭，那就无论如何也要尽一些家庭的义务。

•他们满怀深情地回想起订婚的那段时光，曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此，而完全忘身于世界之外，然而，他们似乎从来没有像现在这样强烈的感受到，自己仍是现代社会的一份子。

6/28/2020
八级翻译的八大技巧及解析
•词语翻译：
•选词
•增词
•省词
•词类转换
•句法翻译：
•形合意合转换
•并句
•断句
•语序调整
八级翻译的八大技巧及解析一选词
•准确得体的选择译词是衡量译文质量的重要标准之一。

•注意一词多义
•结合上下文
•词义色彩以及搭配
•1) Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans (2000)
•英年早逝
•2）In his classic novel, The pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer (2003)
•男主角（男主人公）
八级翻译的八大技巧及解析（一）选词
•3）Do not dictate to your author: try to become him. (2005)
•指手画脚、发号施令
•4）这儿水草肥美，让他们长得肥滚滚的,像些胖娃娃。

•exuberant/lush/luxuriant （2007）
•5）请与会者关闭手机。

（2009）
•switch off, shut off, turn off
八级翻译的八大技巧及解析（二）词类转换•汉语动词多
•英语多用名词、动名词（分词）、介词
•1）The rules of the game are arbitrary imposition of difficulty.(2001)
•直译：游戏规则就是对困难的一种武断的强加。

•改译：游戏规则就是把困难武断地强加于人。

八级翻译的八大技巧及解析（二）词类转换•2）In his classic novel, The pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. (2003)
•名词译成动词：参观
•3) War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny (2006)
•尽我们的全力，用上帝赐予我们的全部力量，同一个穷凶极恶的暴政进行战争...（介词译作动词）
八级翻译的八大技巧二词类转换•4）Our world is bursting with knowledge--
but desperately in need of wisdom. (2007)•......我们却仍然十分迫切的需要智慧。

•5）也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。

（2007）
•Perhaps they are using every minute to chew again before going home.•Perhaps they are using every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home.
八级翻译的八大技巧二词类转换•6）尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。

（2002）
•This is particularly true of the people living in the rural areas/countryside where their way of living has remained unchanged for thousands of years.
•7）古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃的对待自己的生命 (2005)
•Throughout history, outstanding people have always been very serious about their lives...•介词表示动作或动态，动能等同于动词，但其表现形式却是静态的。

此为英语介词的一大特色。

八级翻译的八大技巧二词类转换•词类转换的规律：
•汉译英：
•汉语动词转换为英语的名、形、介词；
•汉语形、副词转换为英语名词；
•英译汉：
•英语名、介、形、副词转换为汉语动词。

八级翻译的八大技巧（三）形合意合转换
•汉语：隐形语法
•模糊，大概，结构松散，缺少逻辑关联词；
•自由，有意境，富于想象空间：
•意合：hypotaxis
•好好学习，天天向上。

•英语：显性语法
•结构紧凑，明显的衔接；逻辑连接词
•结构严谨、逻辑缜密、表意准确：
•形合：parataxis
•Study hard, and make progress everyday.
•If one studies hard, he will make progress every day.
（三）形合意合转换
•所谓“形合”(hypotaxis)是指借助语言形式手段（包括词汇手段和形态手段）实现词语或句子的连接
•所谓“意合”(parataxis)是指不借助语言形式手段而借助词语或句子所含意义的逻辑联系来实现它们之间的连接。

•前者注重语言形式上的接应(cohesion)
•后者注重意义上的连贯(coherence)。

形合意合转换
•去了也白去。

•Even if you go there, there won’t be any result.
•天气寒冷，河水都结了冰。

•It was so cold that the river froze.•跑得了和尚跑不了庙。

•The monk may run away, but the temple can not run away with him.
形合意合转换
•我们尊重知识分子是对的。

没有革命知识分子，革命就不会胜利。

•It’s entirely right to esteem intellectuals, for without revolutionary intellectuals, the revolution can’t triumph.
•他虽然很穷，但是无论给他多少钱，他也不会出卖祖国。

•Poor as he was, he was above selling his country at any price.
•Winners are not afraid to do their own think，and to use their own knowledge.•成功者勇于独立思考，敢于展示才华。

（2002）•Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding.（2004）
•接着有那么一小会儿，我感觉屋子又大又空，不知道自我藏在何处。

•小结：形合的特点是句子通过逻辑关联词连接，结构严谨；意合少用关联词，调整语序。

•人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。

（2008）
•两个分句的隐性关系：对比•Human beings need to tap into their inner world as is the case with their own intelligence.
•这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。

（2000）•因果关系或目的
•In this way they can get closer to advanced science and technology so as to probe their mysteries.
（三）形合意合转换
•饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。

（2004）
•对仗关系：对比+ 平行
•while/whereas
•When you are hungry, even chuff tastes sweeter than honey; whereas when you are full, honey does not taste sweet at all.
（三）形合意合转换
人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时
首先看到的都是他或她的优点。

（2004）
了解两个分句之间的因果关系
因果关系：because,since,as in that,owing to,
due to,for,therefore,as a result,thus hence, consequently...
Human beings are interesting in that when you meet a person for the first time,you are likely to notice only his or her merits.
（三）形合意合转换
•不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白的浪费掉。

（2005）•Tautology
•（否定的）同义反复；nor
•...unwilling to spend time unproductively nor to let a single minute of their lives to slip by.
（三）形合意合转换
•英语：法治，刚性，显性，语法型，主体性，聚焦型
•汉语：人治，柔性，隐性，语用型，平面性，流散型。