2015年2月28日雅思真题答案
2015年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2015年考研英语二真题及答案解析考研英语二是许多考生的痛点之一，因此在备考过程中，熟悉历年真题并进行答案解析是非常重要的。
以下将对2015年考研英语二真题进行详细解析，以帮助考生更好地备考。
第一部分：阅读理解本部分共有三篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。
请根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
Passage 1题目一：According to the passage, how does Angela Markel stand out among other European leaders?A. She is known for her fashion sense.B. She is the least known European leader.C. She holds a position of political power.D. She is the only female European leader.解析：根据文章第一段的"She has been leader of Germany since 2005..."可知，安格拉·默克尔在文章中被描述为德国的领导人，说明她在欧洲的其他领导人中拥有政治地位。
所以选项C“她拥有政治地位”是正确答案。
题目二：According to the passage, what is one reason Angela Merkel is often underestimated?A. She lacks experience in politics.B. She is not as charismatic as other leaders.C. She is from a less powerful country.D. She emphasizes substance over style.解析：根据文章第三段的“Her popularity remains high, despite a reputation for not being a charismatic leader”可知，虽然安格拉·默克尔在领导风格上不如其他领导人那样有魅力，但她的知名度依然很高。
2015英语试题及答案
2015英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What did the man do last weekend?A) He went fishing.B) He went hiking.C) He stayed at home.2. Where are the speakers going to meet?A) At the cinema.B) At the library.C) At the restaurant....20. Why did the woman refuse the job offer?A) The salary was too low.B) She didn't like the working hours.C) She had another job offer.二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of a good night's sleep.B) The effects of sleep deprivation on health.C) How to improve sleep quality....5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A) Lack of sleep can affect memory.B) Sleep deprivation can lead to weight gain.C) Everyone needs the same amount of sleep.Passage 2...10. What is the author's purpose in writing this article?A) To persuade readers to change their lifestyle.B) To inform readers about a new scientific discovery.C) To entertain readers with a humorous story.三、完形填空（共20分）11. A) although B) because C) but D) so12. A) less B) fewer C) more D) most...20. A) suggested B) advised C) recommended D) proposed四、语法填空（共15分）21. The book was so interesting that I read it _______ the whole night.A) through B) across C) over D) during22. She _______ the exam, so she didn't need to retake it.A) passed B) failed C) missed D) skipped...30. He is one of the most famous _______ in the world.A) scientists B) artist C) musician D) writer五、短文改错（共15分）31. Last night I went to see a play which was based on a true story.32. There was a lot of traffics on the way to the theatre, so we were late....35. At the end of the play, the audience stood up and gave abig applaud.六、书面表达（共20分）36. Write an essay of about 120 words on the topic "The Importance of Teamwork". You should write clearly and coherently, and support your view with appropriate details.参考答案：一、听力理解1. A2. B3. C4. A5. B6. C7. A8. B9. C 10. A 11. B 12.C 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C二、阅读理解Passage 11. B2. C3. A4. B5. CPassage 26. A7. B8. C9. A 10. B三、完形填空11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. C四、语法填空21. A 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. A五、短文改错31. Correct 32. "traffics" to "traffic" 33. Correct 34. Correct 35. "applaud" to "applause"六、书面表达[略]。
2015年英语二(完整版)
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2015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题参考答案
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Thus, volunteers for this camp are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs, including reception, distribution of documents, etc. Candidates must have adequate patience with the adolescents. Besides, the volunteers ought to have outstanding skills at English. Students who have previous experience as volunteers are preferred.
What triggers this phenomenon? It is not difficult to put forward several factors responsible for this phenomenon. To start with, with the ever-growing eagerness to keep up with others, oceans of folks intended to offer thicker and thicker red envelope to kids as gift money, which leads to the high proportion of our expenditure. What’s more, due to the great urbanization, most Chinese residents move from their hometowns to work in big cities. In order to cover the long distance and enjoy the happy together with family members, a large amount of money is spent on transportation.
2015年全年雅思写作机经完整版
Flow Many schools encourage students to evaluate and criticize their teachers in order to improve the quality of education while others say this will lead to the loss of respect for teachers。Discuss both views and give your opinion. 5 月 21 日 Bar Nowadays,men and women in many countries decide to have babies at an older age.What are the reasons?What effects does this trend have on society and family life? 5 月 30 日 Bar Most countries believe that international tourism have hamful effects.Why do they think so?How to change their views? 6月6日 Map Some people prefer to provide help and support directly to those in their local communtiy who need it .Others, however prefer to give money to mational and international charithable organizations.Discuss both views and give your opinion. 6 月 13 日 Mixed(bar+pie) Because of traffic and housing problems in the cities,the government encourages business move to the rural area.Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 6 月 18 日 Table In some counteies,a high proprtion of criminal acts are committed by
鲨鱼哥2015年雅思A类写作机经
Writing V20150110V201501172006.SUmmariZe the information IiSted in the graph by SeleCting and reflecting the main features, and make COmPariSOnS Where releva nt. Write at IeaSt 150 words.make as much noise as they wish.DiSCUSS both VieWS and give your OPinion.A OdUCatIOnaI books children's b∞ks o∙ adultfiction题目:The diagram below ShOWS the different StageS involved in PrOdUCing Canned fruit.TaSk 2题目:It is POSSible for SCie ntists and tourists to travel to remote environ merits now SUCh as: SOUth POIe. DO you think advantages Of its development OVerWeight CliSadVantages? GiVe reasOnS and examples.TyPe Of QUeStiOnS 流程图V20150129TaSk 1TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS 社会问题 利弊类V20150131WritingV20150207TaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnS混合（柱图+表格）The Chart and table ShOW the time between men and WOmen SPent On VariOUS household and IeiSUreactivities every day in 2008 in UK.LeiSUreACtiVitieSMen WOmen RadIO/Video/TV137110Readjng 18 19 SPOrtS EXerCiSe1511TaSk 2TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnSMany museums and historical SiteS are mainly ViSited by tourists, not IOCal people. Why?What Can be done to attract IOCal people?社会问题综合类52≡A -ωdTaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnSThe diagram below ShOWS how a SimPle Water filter is ConStrUCted and how it funCtiOns to PrOdUCe Clean drinking water.SUmmariZing the information by SeleCting and reporting the main features and make COmPariSOnS Where releva nt.TaSk 2TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnSThe USe Of mobile PhOnes in Certain PIaCeS is just as antisocial as SmOking. SmOking is banned in Certain PlaCes, SO the USe Of the mobile PhOneS ShOUId also be banned. TD What extent do you agree Or disagree?社会问题 观点类2004 according to their age.SUmmariZe the information by SeIeCting and reporting the main features, and make COmPanSOnS Where releva nt.UK CitiZenS l expenditure by age group:2004Or travel.Tb What extend you agree that the advantages OVerWeigh the CliSadVantages?Writing□ food&drinks■ restaurants&hotels □ entertainments6≡pu8ds -eo二V20150312V20150314SOme WOrking ParentS believe that ChildCare CentreS PrOVide the best Care to Children WhO are too young for SChOOI I SOme WOrking Parents believe that Other family members SUCh as grandparents may PrOVidethe best Care.DiSCUSS both these VieWS and give you OWn opinion.题目:LeCtUre roomPIanned by 2020CenLr LibraryTaSk 2TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS题目：SOme PeOPle believe that the SUPPOrt Of famous PeOPIe for internatiOnal aids Organization helps draw attenti On to important PrObIemS ・ OtherS believe that CelebritieS Can make the im porta nt PrObIemS IeSS important. DiSCUSS both VieWS and give your OWn opinion.TyPe Of QUeStiOnS地图V20150321TaSk 12010Car ROadSCienCe buildingsgeology room musicCenterParkThe diagrams below ShOW the Change in a PartiCUlar COIlege CamPUS from 1975 to 2010・ The SeCOnd map indicates the PrOPOSed future Change about this CamPUS.厂希坯—1 ∖tports]I CCntCr5V20150328TaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnS题目：2002.Denmark■ I ■ I ■ I _ 1-15 16--20FranCeSWedenTaSk 2SOme PeOPle think that the increasing USe Of COmPUterS and mobile PhOneS for COmmUniCatiOn has had a negative effect On young PeOPle,s reading and Wnting SkiIIS-DO you agree Or disagree?WritingV20150411TaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnS混合（柱图+线图）题目：The graph and Chart below give information and forecasts traffic IeVeIS and CarbOn CIiOXide emissiOnSin EngIand and WaleS between 2000 and 2020.SUmmariSe the information by SeleCting and reporting the main features, and make COmPariSOnS Where releva nt.TraffiC IeVeIS in EngIand and WaIeSCO 2 emissions in EngIand and WaIeSTaSk 2题目:NOWadayS more and more OId PeOPle WhO need employment have to COmPete for the Same job With young people.What PrObIemS WiIl be caused? What WOUIel be the SOlUtiOnS for it?MiIliOnS Of VehiCleSTOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS 社会问题 综合类ωφ-0ΞΦ> JO SUO□ CarS ■ buses□ VanS □trucks题目:The table ShOWS the POPUIatiOn ratio Of males Per 10O females in SiX different areas in 1950 and 2005.AfriCaASia EUrOPe SOUth AmeriCa and middle AmeriCa OCeania NOrth AmenCa1950104 101 97 100 95 102 2005101105 94.592 97105TaSk 2g ：SOme PeOPle think only StUdents WhO achieve the best academic results ShOUld be rewarded, OtherS think it is more important to reward StUdents WhO ShOW improvement. DiSCUSS both VieWS and give your OWn opinion.V20150425TaSk 1The Chart below ShOWS the result Of the SUrVey in UK between 1998 and 2004 asking Where PeOPle mostly USed inter net.□ home■ WOrkPlaCe □ COIlege □ IibraryInternet(1998-2004)Ooadoad jo%yeaTyPe Of QUeStiOnS表格V20150418TaSk 1TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS 教育类 讨论TyPe Of QUeStiOnS柱图V20150430社会问题 利弊类TOPiC TyPe Of QUeStiOnSCOmPleteCl educatiOn and found jobs・DO the advantages OUtWeigh the CliSadVantages?Wting jV20150509ThiS table below gives information about SaIarieS Of SeCOndary/high SChOOl teachers in 5coIlntries in 2009.SeCOndary/high SChOOl teachers Salary (in 2009)SOIUtiOn for everyOne to accept a SimPler Way Of Iife・ OtherS think that tech noIOgy WiIl SOlVe these. DiSCUSS On both VieWS and give your opinion.题目:The diagram below ShOWS the StePS Of PrOCeSSing COCOa beans.SUmmariZe the information by SeleCting and reporting the main features and make COmPariSOnS Where releva nt.STEPS IN PROCESSlNG THE COCOA BEANSPiCking∣ WhOle beans ∣SheIIS I drying-------- 1- --------PreSSing [cocoa LiqUOrlCOnSUmerTaSk 2题目:SOme PeOPIe think that in Order to COntinUOUSIy improve the quality Of education, high SChOOl StUdentS ShOUlCI be enCOUraged to evaluate and CritiCiZe their teachers. OtherS feel that this WOUlCl result in a IOSS Of respect and discipline in ClaSSrOOmS ・ DiSCUSS these two VieWS and give your opinion.TyPe Of QUeStiOnS 流程图V20150516TaSk 1SteP 1TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS 教冇类 讨论类CakeS drinks'V20150521TaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnS题目：The ChartS ShOW the PerCentageS Of male and female StUdentS getting top grades (A and B) in one COUntry in1960 and 2000.19601960432a6suaαlad (％)54ArtSSCienCeS32①642Ua(*)ArtSSCienCeS MathS LangUageS HUmanitieSMathSLangUageS HUmanitieSIn the most Part Of the WOrId men and WOmen are deciding to have ChiIdren Iater in their life. Why do you think this is happening? What effects does this development have to the SOCial and family?GirIS 200050 η Φ64su3ad (％)40-30-20-IO- --------------------O-I_I —I_i _∙ArtSSCienCeSTaSk 2TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS社会问题 综合类φ6eμlφOJφd％MathSLangUageS HUmanitieSV20150530TaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnS题目：The Chart below ShOWS information about the CIaSS SiZe in Primary and IOWer SeCOndary SChOOIS in SiX CoUntries in 2006, and the WOrld average CIaSS SiZe this year.ClaSS SiZe in 200630■ PrimarV SChOOl ■ LOWerSeCOndary SChOOlTaSk 2TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS题弘Many PeOPle believe that inter national tourism is n egative to their countries.Why do they think so?What Can be done to Change the negative SideS in internatiOnal tourism?WritingV20150606TaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnS 地图题乐The PlanS below ShOW a SmaIl Park in 1980 and the Park now. SUmmariZe the main features and make COmPariSOnS.TaSk 2题目:SOme PeOPle Prefer to help Or SUPPOrt ClireCtIy in the IOCal COmmUnity for PeOPIe WhO need it, however, OtherS Prefer to give money to the national Or international charities, discuss both VieWS and give your OWn opinion.WaIlPark in 1980Treeo° O/flower 0 flower/ / / I Ga “ I丿 / 7~∕TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS社会问题 讨论类V20150613TaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnS混合（饼图+柱状图）题目：The first Chart below ShOWS information about COnSUmerS Of Water in AUStralia in 2004. The SeCOnd Chart ShOWS how residential Water WaS USed for the Same year.TaSk 2政府职能TOPiC COnSUmer Water USego vernine ntOt her40oresidential Water USeThe first graph ShOWS the number Of train PaSSengerS in Sydney.The SeCond graph ShOWS the PerCentage Of trains run on time COmPared With the target PerCentage. COmPare and SUmmariZe.done to make them feel safer?WritingTaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnS柱图The Chart ShOWS the PerCentage Of boys and girls aged 5-14 in AUStraIia WhiCh PartiCiPate in VariollS activities for two-week PenOd.art andCraftTaSk 2TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS利弊类社会问题It has been SUggeSted that all young adults ShOUId be required to Ilndertake a PeriOd Of UnPaid WOrk helping PeOPle in the COmmunity.WOUlCl the ClraWbaCkS Of SUCh a requireme nt be greater than the ben efits to the COmm Unity and the in dividual young adults?V20150711TaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnS题目：The graph ShOWS the number Of OVerSeaS ViSitOrS to three areas in EUrOPe between 1987 and 2007.TaSk 2媒体广告题目:AdVertiSing discourages PeOPIe from being CIifferent individually by making them all Want to be the Same Or IOOk the Same. TO What extent do you agree Or disagree?TOPiC TyPe Of QUeStiOnS 观点类OVerSeaS VlSitOrS to different areas in EUrOPe—■ ∙the IakeS 「∙■ InOUntainS• the ∞ast(SPUgOMl) W-do∙dV20150723The Chart ShOWS the PerCentage Of UnemPlOyment PeOPIe aged between 15 and 24 in five EUrOPean COUntrieS in 20051 With the OVeraIl UnemPIOyment in 2005.UnemPlOyment PerCentage in 2005WhiIe OtherS Say there are more important things for taxpayers1 money. DiSCUSS both VieWS and give your OPinion.V20150725The Chart ShOWS the number Of magazines SOId Per PerSOn in five COUntries in 2000 and 2010, With PrOjeCted SaleS for 2020.The number Of magazines SOld Per PerSOnAS WeIl as making money, businesses ShOUId take SOCial respOnSibilitieS DO you agree Or disagree?Writing题目:The natural resources SUCh as Oil l forest and Water are being COnSUmed at an alarming rate. What PrObIemS does it cause? HOW Can We SOlVe these PrOblems?TaSk 2题目:The natural resources SUCh as oil, forest and Water are being ConSUmed at an alarming rate. What PrObIemS does it cause? HOW Can We SOlVe these PrOblems?TyPe Of QUeStiOnS 地图V20150801TaSk 1PlanAUPtOlO PeOPle_ Entran Ce!□ □≡morning teaPresenters table「I I TabIeTOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS环境能源 综合类PIanB题目:The graph ShOWS the SPending on research into renewable energy Of four COUntrieS from 1975 to 2000.TaSk 2TyPe Of QUeStiOnS 线图V20150808TaSk 14 3 2 IIOsJoduodSwitzerland DennIark ⅛ SPain -H-the UK1 OSOme PeOPIe WhO have been in PriSOn become good CitiZens. SOme Say these are the best PeOPIe to talk to SChOOl StUdentS the dan gers Of COmmitti ng a Crime. DO you agree Or disagree With this opinion?V201508132012■AdUIt fiction! Children's fiction・ BiOgraPhieS■TravelOtherSTaSk 2TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS题目：IntematiOnal travel now SOmetimeS make PeOPIe PrejUdiCed more than broad-minded.What are the reasons Of this PartiCUlar Phenomenon happen and What Can be done to Change PeOPle,s attitude?V20150829COUntry in 1985 and 2003.1985ι%HOiI MNatUral gas HCoaI ■ NUCIear U HydrO PoWer M Other renev√able2003HOiI WNatUral gas HCOaI ■ NUClear U HydrO PoWer M Other renev√ableTOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS题目：GlObal business and CUItUre are Seeing more COntacts than before. SOme PeOPle believe the development Will Iead to POSitiVe results While SOme Said a frequent COntact may CaUSe harm to Certain CUItUre and business. DiSCUSS both VieWS and give your OWnoPinion.VVMtingV20150903TaSk 1题目:The Chart below ShOWS the favourite SUbjeCtS Of 60 PUPiIS at two different junior schools.FaVOUrite SUbjeCtS Of PUPilSTaSk 2题目:Many PeOPIe are afraid to IeaVe their homes because Of their fear Of Crime. SOme believe that more actions ShOUId be taken to PreVent crime, OtherS feel that IittIe Can be done. DiSCUSS both these VieWS and give your OWn OPiniOnTyPe Of QUeStiOnS 柱图TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS 犯罪类 讨论类题目:The Iine graph ShOWS three different CrimeS in Englanel and WaIeS in 1970-2005.TaSk 2TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnSStUdentS Can Iearn far more from IeSSOnS and teachers than Other WayS (SUCh as in ternet and television). TD What extent you agree Or disagree with.TyPe Of QUeStiOnS线图V20150912TaSk 1教育 观点类-≡∙≡-car thefthouse burglingrobberyV20150919TaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnS题目：The graphs ShOW the PerCentage Of PeOPIe WhO USe PUbliC tranSPOrt and PeOPle WhO OnIy USe PriVate CarS in five CitieS in AUStraIia from 2000 to 2010.The PerCentage Of PeOPle WhO USe PUbliC transport100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20% 二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二10% ................ ................. .................................. ........................................... .. ................. .. ................. .. ......... ...0% _2∞02∞12∞22003 2∞42005 2006 2∞72∞82∞92010∙∙∙∙∙∙ Sydney —— MelbOUrne ——∙ BriSbane PelIh ■■■■■■ AdelaideThe PerCentage Of PeOPle WhO USe PriVate CarS100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%2∞02∞12∞22003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2∞82∞92010Sydney MelbOUrne BriSbane I Perth ■■■■■■Adelaide题目:The Iine graph ShOWS the PerCentage Of different age groups Of Cinema ViSitOrS in a PartiCUIar country.TaSk 2TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS题乐reasOnS and SOlUtiOns?WritingV20151008TyPe Of QUeStiOnS线图V20150926TaSk 1The PlanS ShOW the SOUth Wing Of the WaItOn MUSeUm in 2008 and 2012.2008Stair$三 READING ROOMENTRANCEINTERACTlVE GALLERY 三CLOAK ROOMSPECIAL EXHlBlTlONSHOP(⅛T)TaSk 2In SOme CoUn tries, SeCOndary SChOOlS aim to PrOVide general education across to a range Of SUbjeCtS .In Others, ChiIdren focus On a narrow range Of SUbjeCtS related to PartiCUlar career. WhiCh Of these two SyStemS is more appropriate in today ,s world?TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS教冇 观点类TaSk 2政府职能l≡SOme PeOPle think governments ShOUICl focus On reducing environmental POlIUtiOn and housing PrObIemSV20151010TaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnS题目：■ tedding IndJUfy B household USe■ food induitry 5crx⅛ce ιndu5trγ25%21% ■ txtldi∩g IndΛtrγ B household υ5β11%■ food indt⅛(fy ≡crvκe industry41%TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS观点类The industry ,s Water USage in Sydney in 1997 and 2007The PerCentage Of total Water USe in Sydneyto help PeOPle PreVent illness and disease. TO What extent do you agree Or disagree?V20151024TaSk 1TyPe Of QUeStiOnSThiS graph below ShOWS the number Of births and deaths in SOme EUrOPean CoiIntry from 1950 to now and PrediCted number in 2050.POPUIatiOn Trend OfA EUrOPean COUntry 1950-205012000∞IooOooO800000G∞∞04000002∞∞0O1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2 0501 Bi rth rate Death rateTaSk 2TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnS题弘SOme PeOPIe believe that Playing COmPUterS is bad for ChiIClren in many WayS. Others, however, believe that Playing COmPUterS Can have POSitiVe influences On ChilcIren in their development.DiSCUSS the two VieWS and give your OWnoPinion.V20151031TaSk 1TyPe OfQUeStiOnS 聖鏗 题目：TaSk 2TOPiCTyPe Of QUeStiOnSSOme PeOPle believe that CreatiVe art, Iike music, film, Painting ShOUIcl be given money by government l WhiIe OtherS believe that there ShOUId be Other sources, discussion both VieWS.政府职能 讨论类The Iine graph below ShOWS the number Of Iand devote to CrOP in Collntry A and B.。
2015年考研英语二真题及答案：小作文
ABC University
英语二小作文参考范文：
Volunteers want来自d.Volunteers are needed for the summer camp to be held on our campus in early July. The camp is meant to help lend participants a competitive edge over others so that they can better face challenges in the future.
下载word文档到电脑方便收藏和打印全文共613字
Directions：
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to
1）briefly introduce the camp activities，and
2）call for volunteers.
You should write about 100words on the ANSERE SHEET.
Do not use your name or the name of your university.
Do not write your address.（10 points）
Basic requirements are familiarity with the theme of the camp. Other requirements include interpersonal communication ability， familiarity with our university and the city in terms of their history， proper manners and sense of responsibility.Priority and preference will be given to those experienced， either in organizing camps or similar activities.
雅思入学测试试卷（真题版）
IELTS Entry Test Paper启德雅思部雅思入学测试试卷雅思入学测试考试日期： 6 考生姓名：6ListeningSECTION 1Questions1-10Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.NOTES - Christmas DinnerExample AnswerName to book for ...45...........................Date of dinner: 21 DecemberChoices for venue:·First choice 1........................... Tel. number: not known·Second choice 2........................... Tel. number: 777192·Third choice 3........................... Tel. number: 4........................Price per person: ￡12Restaurant must have vegetarian food and a 5...........................Menu: First course - French Onion Soup OR Fruit JuiceMain course - Roast Dinner OR 6...........................Dessert - Plum Pudding OR Apple Pie- CoffeeRestaurant requires from us:7........................... and letter of confirmationand we must 8........................... in advance.Must confirm in writing by: 9...........................Put notice in 10................................................SECTION2Questions11-20Questions 11-13Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.MEMBERSHIP OF SPORTS CENTRECost 11 £.........................per12......................Where? 13..........................When? 2 to 6 pm, Monday to ThursdayBring: Union cardPhotoFeeQuestions 14-16Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Always bring sports 14...............................when you come to 15...................or use the Centre'sfacilities.Opening hours 9 am to 10 pm on 16......................10 am to 6 pm on Saturdays50% 'morning discount' 9 am to 12 noon on weekdaysQuestions 17-20Look at the map of the Sports Complex below.Label the buildings on the map of the Sports Complex.Choose your answers from the box below and write them against Questions 17-20.Arts StudioFootball PitchTennis CourtsDance StudioFitness RoomReceptionSquash CourtsSECTION3Questions21-30Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBER for each answer.YOUNG ELECTRONICENGINEER COMPETITION Name(s) of designer(s): John Brown21 ...........................Age: 22...........................Name of design: 23................................................................................Dimensions of equipment: 24Width Length Depth...........................cm ...........................cm ...........................cmPower: BatterySpecial features: 25...................................................................................26...................................................................................27...................................................................................Cost: parts $528....................... $9.50Other comments: need help to make 29...........................would like to develop range of sizesSend by: 30...........................SECTION4Questions31-40Questions 31-33Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer."NEW" MEAT CAN BE COMPARED TO PROBLEM kangaroo 31........................... 32...........................crocodile chicken fattyostrich 33...........................Questions 34-36Complete the cable belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Questions 37-40Choose the correct letters A-C.37 Ostrich meatA has more protein than beef.B tastes nearly as good as beef.C is very filling.38 One problem with ostrich farming in Britain isA the climate.B the cost of transporting birds.C the price of ostrich eggs.39 Ostrich chicks reared on farmsA must be kept in incubators until mature.B are very independent.C need looking after carefully.40 The speaker suggests ostrich farms are profitable becauseA little initial outlay is required.B farmed birds are very productive.C there is a good market for the meat.ReadingREADING PASSAGE1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-12 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.THE DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOGRARHYThe Department of Ethnography was created as a separate department within the British Museum in 1946, after 140 years of gradual development from the original Department of Antiquities. It is concerned with the people of Africa, the Americas, Asia, the pacific and parts of Europe. While this includes complex kingdoms, as in Africa, and ancient empires, such as those of the twentieth century focus of attention in the twentieth century has been on small-scale societies. Through its collections, the Department's specific interest is to document how objects are created and used, and to understand their importance and significance to those who produce them. Such objects can include both the extraordinary and the mundane, the beautiful and the banal.The collections of the Department of Ethnography include approximately 300,000 artefacts, of which about half are the product of the present century. The Department has a vital role to play in pro- viding information on non-Western cultures to visitors and scholars. To this end, the collecting emphasis has often been less on individual objects than on groups of mate- rang of a society's cultural expressions. Much of the more recent collecting was carried out in the field, sometimes by Museum staff working on general anthropological projects in collaboration with a wide variety of national governments and other institutions. The material collected includes great technical series-for instance, of textiles from Bolivia. Guatemala, Indonesia and areas of West Africa-or of artefact types such as boats. The latter include working examples of coracles from India, reed boats from lake Titicaca in the Andes, kayaks from the Arctic, and dug-out canoes from several countries. The field assemblages, such as those from the Sudan, Madagascar and Yemen, include a whole range of material culture representative of one people. The might cover the necessities of life of an African herdsman or on Arabian farmer, ritual objects, or even on occasion airport art, Again, a series of acquisitions might represent a decade's fieldwork documenting social experience as expressed in the varieties of clothing and jewellery styles, tents and camel trappings from various Middle Eastern countries, or in the developing preferences in personal adornment and dress from Papua New Guinea. Particularly interesting are a series of collections which continue to document the evolution of ceremony and of material forms for which the Department already possesses early (if not the earliest) collections formed after the first contact with Europeans.The importance of these acquisitions extends beyond the objects themselves. They come to the Museum with documentation of the social context, ideally inc luding photographic records. Such acquisitions have multiple purposes. Most significantly they document for future change. Most people think of the cultures represented in the collection in terms of the absence of advanced technology. in fact. traditional practices draw on a continuing wealth of technological ingenu iry Limited resources and ecological constraints are often overcome by personal skills that would be regarded as exceptional in the West. Of growing interest is the way in which much of what we might see as disposable is, elsewhere, recycled and reused.With the independence of much of Asia and Africa after 1945. it was assumed that economic progress would rapidly lead to the disappearance or assimilation of many small-scale societies. Therefore, it was felt that the Museum should acquire materials representing people whose art or material culture, ritual or political structures were on the point of irrevocable change. This attitude altered with the realisation that marginal communities can survive and adopt in spite of partial integration into a notoriously fickle world economy. Since the seventeenth century, with the advent of trading companies exporting manufactured textiles to North America and Asia, the importation of cheap goods has often contributed to the destruction of local skills and indigenous markets. On the one hand modem imported goods may be used in on everyday setting, while on the other hand. other traditional objects may still be required for ritually significant events. Within this context trade and exchange attitudes are inverted. What are utilitarian objects to a Westerner may be prizedobjects in other cultures- when trans- formed by local ingenuity-principally for aesthetic value. in the same way, the West imports goods form other peoples and in certain circumstances categorises the m as ‘art'.Collections act as an ever-expanding database, not merely for scholars and anthropologists, but for people involved in a whole range of educational and art is tic purposes. These include schools and universities as well as colleges of art and design. The provision of information about non-Western aesthetics and techniques, not just for designers and artists but for all visitors, is a growing responsibility for a Department whose own context is an increasingly multicultural European society.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passageExample AnswerThe Department of Ethnography FALSEreplaced the Department of Antiquitiesat the British Museum.1 The twentieth-century collections come mainly from mainstream societies such as the US and Europe.2 The Department of Ethnography focuses mainly on modern societies.3 The Department concentrates on collecting single unrelated objects of great value.4 The textile collection of the Department of Ethnography is the largest in the world.5 Traditional societies are highly inventive in terms of technology.6 Many small-scale societies have survived and adapted in spite of predictions to the contrary.Questions 7-12Some of the exhibits at the Department of Ethnography are listed below (Questions 7-12).The writer gives these exhibits as examples of different collection types.Match each exhibit with the collection type with which it is associated in Reading Passage 1.Write the appropriate letters in boxes 7-12 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any collection type more than once.Collection TypesAT A rtefact T ypesEC E volution of C eremonyFA F ield A ssemblagesSE S ocial E xperienceTS T echnical S eriesExample AnswerBoats AT7 Bolivian textiles8 Indian coracles9 airport art10 Arctic kayaks11 necessities of life of an Arabian farmer12 tents from the Middle EastREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 13-25 which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 13-15Reading Passage 2 has six sections A-F.Choose the most suitable headings for sections A, B and D from the list of headings below.Write the appropriate numbers i-vii in boxes 13-15 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Amazonia as unable to sustain complexsocietiesii The role of recent technology in ecologicalresearch in Amazoniaiii The hostility of the indigenous populationto North American influencesiv Recent evidencev Early research among the Indian Amazonsvi The influence of prehistoric inhabitants onAmazonian natural historyvii The great difficulty of changing localattitudes and practices13 Section A14 Section BExample AnswerSection C iv15 Section DSecrets of the ForestA In 1942 Allan R Holmberg, a doctoral student in anthropology from Yale University, USA, ventured deep into the jungle of Bolivian Amazonia and searched out an isolated band of Siriono Indians. The Siriono, Holmberg later wrote, led a "strikingly backward" existence. Their villages were little more than clusters of thatched huts. Life itself was a perpetual and punishing search for food: some families grew manioc and other starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, while other members of the tribe scoured the country for small game and promising fish holes. When local resources became depleted, the tribe moved on. As for technology, Holmberg noted, the Siriono "may be classified among the most handicapped peoples of the world". Other than bows, arrows and crude digging sticks, the only tools the Siriono seemed to possess were "two machetes worn to the size of pocket-knives".B Although the lives of the Siriono have changed in the intervening decades, the image of them as Stone Age relics has endured. Indeed, in many respects the Siriono epitomize the popular conception of life in Amazonia. To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless, unconquerable,a habitat totally hostile to human civilization. The apparent simplicity of Indian ways of life has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology, living proof that Amazonia could not - and cannot - sustain a more complex society. Archaeological traces of far more elaborate cultures have been dismissed as the ruins of invaders from outside the region, abandoned to decay in the uncompromising tropical environment.C The popular conception of Amazonia and its native residents would be enormously consequential if it were true. But the human history of Amazonia in the past 11,000 years betrays that view as myth. Evidence gathered in recent years from anthropology and archaeology indicates that the region has supported a series of indigenous cultures for eleven thousand years; an extensive network of complex societies - some with populations perhaps as large as 100,000 - thrived there for more than 1,000 years before the arrival of Europeans. (Indeed, some contemporary tribes, including the Siriono, still live among the earthworks of earlier cultures.) Far from being evolutionarily retarded, prehistoric Amazonian people developed technologies and cultures that were advanced for their time. If the lives of Indians today seem "primitive", the appearance is not the result of some environmental adaptation or ecological barrier; rather it is a comparatively recent adaptation to centuries of economic and political pressure. Investigators who argue otherwise have unwittingly projected the present onto the past.D The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise. Ecologists have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human influence. But as the University of Florida ecologist, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an approac h that leaves people out of the equation is no longer tenable. The archaeological evidence shows that the natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.E The realization comes none too soon. In June 1992 political and environmental leaders from across the world met in Rio de Janeiro to discuss how developing countries can advance their economies without destroying their natural resources. The challenge is especially difficult in Amazonia. Because the tropical forest has been depicted as ecologically unfit forlarge-scale human occupation, some environmentalists have opposed development of any kind. Ironically, one major casualty of that extreme position has been the environment itself. While policy makers struggle to define and implement appropriate legislation, development of the most destructive kind has continued apace over vast areas.F The other major casualty of the "naturalism" of environmental scientists has been the indigenous Amazonians, whose habits of hunting, fishing, and slash-and-burn cultivation often have been represented as harmful to the habitat. In the clash between environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence is in fact crucial to the survival of the forest, have suffered the most. The new understanding of the pre-history of Amazonia, however, points toward a middle ground. Archaeology makes clear that with judicious management selected parts of the region could support more people than anyone thought before. The long-buried past, it seems, offers hope for the future.Questions 16-21Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 16-21 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about thisExample AnswerThe prehistoric inhaditants of NOAmazonia were relatively backward intechnological terms.16 The reason for the simplicity of the Indian way of life is that Amazonia has always been unable to support a more complex society.17 There is a crucial popular misconception about the human history of Amazonia.18 There are lessons to be learned from similar ecosystems in other parts of the world.19 Most ecologists were aware that the areas of Amazonia they were working in had been shaped by human settlement.20 The indigenous Amazonian Indians are necessary to the well-being of the forest.21 It would be possible for certain parts of Amazonia to support a higher population.Questions 22-25Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 22-25 on your answer sheet.22 In 1942 the US anthropology student concluded that the SirionoA were unusually aggressive and cruel.B had had their way of life destroyed by invaders.C were an extremely primitive society.D had only recently made permanent settlements.23 The author believes recent discoveries of the remains of complex societies in AmazoniaA are evidence of early indigenous communities.B are the remains of settlements by invaders.C are the ruins of communities established since the European invasions.D show the region has only relatively recently been covered by forest.24 The assumption that the tropical ecosystem of Amazonia has been created solely by natural forcesA has often been questioned by ecologists in the past.B has been shown to be incorrect by recent research.C was made by Peter Feinsinger and other ecologists.D has led to some fruitful discoveries.25 The application of our new insights into the Amazonian past wouldA warn us against allowing any development at all.B cause further suffering to the Indian communities.C change present policies on development in the region.D reduce the amount of hunting, fishing, and 'slash-and-burn'.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 26-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.HIGHS & LOWSHormone levels - and hence our moods - may be affected by the weather. Gloomy weather can cause depression, but sun- shine appears to raise the spirits. In Britain, for example, the dull weather of winter drastically cuts down the amount of sunlight that is experienced which strongly affects some people. They become so depressed and lacking in energy that their work and social life are affected. This condition has been given the name SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder), Sufferers can fight back by making the most of any sunlight in winter and by spending a few hours each day under special, full-spectrum lamps. These provide more ultraviolet and blue- green light than ordinary fluorescent and tungsten lights. Some Russian scientists claim that children learn better after being exposed to ultraviolet light. In warm countries, hours of work are of ten arranged so that workers can take a break, or even a siesta, during the hottest part of the day. Scientists are working to discover the links between the weather and human beings' moods and performance.It is generally believed that tempers grow shorter in hot, muggy weather. There is no doubt that 'crimes against the person' rise in the summer, when the weather is hotter and fall in the winter when the weather is colder. Research in the United States has shown a relation- ship between temperature and street riots. The frequency of riots rises dramatically as the weather gets warmer, hitting a peak around 27-30~C. But is this effect really due to a mood change caused by the heat? Some scientists argue that trouble starts more Often in hot weather merely because there are more people in the street when the weather is good.Psychologists have also studied how being cold affects performance. Re- searchers compared divers working in icy cold water at 5~C with others in water at 20~C (about swimming pool temperature). The colder water made the divers worse at simple arithmetic and other mental tasks. But significantly, their performance was impaired as soon as they were put into the cold water - before their bodies had time to cool down. This suggests that the low temperature did not slow down mental functioning directly, but the feeling of cold distracted the divers from their tasks.Psychologists have conducted studies showing that people become less secptical and more optimistic when the weather is sunny. However, this apparently does not just depend on the temperature. An American psychologist studied customers in a temperature- controlled restaurant. They gave bigger tips when the sun was shining and smaller tips when it wasn't, even though the temperature in the restaurant was the same. Alink between weather and mood is made believable by the evidence for a connection between behaviour and the length of the daylight hours. This in turn might involve the level of a hormone called melatonin, produced in the pineal gland in the brain. The amount of melatonin falls with greater exposure to daylight. Research shows that melatonin plays an important part in the seasonal behaviour of certain animals. For example, food consumption of stags increases during the winter, reaching a peak in February/ March. It falls again to a low point in May, then rises to a peak in September, before dropping to another minimum in November. These changes seem to be triggered by varying melatonin levels.In the laboratory, hamsters put on more weight when the nights are getting shorter and their melatonin levels are falling. On the other hand, if they are given injections of melatonin, they will stop eating altogether. It seems that time cues provided by the changing lengths of day and night trigger changes in animals' behaviour - changes that are needed to cope with the cycle of the seasons. People's moods too, have been shown to react to the length of the day- light hours. Sceptics might say that longer exposure to sunshine puts people in a better mood because they associate it with the happy feelings of holidays and freedom from responsibility, However, the belief that rain and murky weather make people more unhappy is borne out by a study in Belgium, which showed that a telephone counselling service gets more telephone calls from people with suicidal feelings when it rains.When there is a thunderstorm brewing, some people complain of the air being 'heavy' and of feeling irritable, moody and on edge. They may be reacting to the fact that the air can become slightly positively c harged when large thunderclouds are generating the intense electrical fields that cause lightning flashes. The positive charge increases the levels of serotonin (a chemical involved in sending signals in the nervous system). High levels of serotonin in certain areas of the nervous system make people more active and reactive and, possibly, more aggressive. When certain winds are blowing, such as the Mistral in southern France and the Fshn in southern Germany, mood can be affected - and the number of traffic accidents rises. It may be significant that the concentration of positively charged particles is greater than normal in these winds. In the United Kingdom, 400,000 ionizers are sold every year. These small machines raise the number of negative ions in the air in a room. Many people claim they feel better in negatively charged air.Questions 26-28Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 26-28 on your answer sheet.26 Why did the divers perform less well in colder conditions?A They were less able to concentrate.B Their body temperature fell too quickly.C Their mental functions were immediately affected by the cold.D They were used to swimming pool conditions.27 The number of daylight hoursA affects the performance of workers in restaurants.B influences animal feeding habits.C makes animals like hamsters more active.D prepares humans for having greater leisure time.28 Human irritability may be influenced byA how nervous and aggressive people are.B reaction to certain weather phenomena.C the number of ions being generated by machines.D the attitude of people to thunderstorms.Questions 29-34Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 29-34 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage29 Seasonal Affective Disorder is disrupting children's education in Russia.30 Serotonin is an essential cause of human aggression.31 Scientific evidence links 'happy associations with weather' to human mood.32 A link between depression and the time of year has been established.33 Melatonin levels increase at certain times of the year.34 Positively charged ions can influence eating habits.Questions 35-37According to the text which THREE of the following conditions have been scientifically proved to have a psychological effect on humans?Choose THREE letters A-G and write them in boxes 35-37 on your answer sheet,A lack of negative ionsB rainy weatherC food consumptionD high serotonin levelsE sunny weatherF freedom from worryG lack of counselling facilitiesQuestions 38-40Complete each of the following statements with the best ending from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.38 It has been established that social tension increases significantly in the United States I during ...39 Research has shown that a hamster's bodyweight increases according to its exposure to...40 Animals cope with changing weather and food availability because they are influenced by...A daylightB hot weatherC melatoninD moderate temperaturesE poor co-ordinationF time cuesG impaired performanceWritingWRITING TASK1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words._________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________。
2015年考研英语二真题答案(完整版)
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 on a subway.It’s a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there’s 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it，3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the 4 : “Please don’t approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as “weird.” We fear we’ll be 7 .We fear we’ll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn’t 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . “When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, “not a single person reported having been embarrassed.”18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It’s that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. A. ticket B. permit C.signal D. record2. A. nothing B. little C.another D. much3. A. beaten B. guided C.plugged D. brought4. A. message B. code C.notice D. sign5. A. under B. beyond C. behind D. from6. A. misinterpreted B. misapplied C. misadjusted D. mismatched7. A. fired B. judged C. replaced D. delayed8. A. unreasonable B. ungrateful C. unconventional D. unfamiliar9. A. comfortable B. anxious C. confident D. angry10. A. attend B. point C. take D. turn11. A. dangerous B. mysterious C. violent D. boring12. A. hurt B. resist C. bend D. decay13. A. lecture B. conversation C. debate D. negotiation14. A. trainees B. employees C. researchers D. passengers15. A. reveal B. choose C. predict D. design16. A. voyage B. flight C. walk D. ride17. A. went through B. did away C. caught up D. put up18. A. In turn B. In particular C.In fact D. In consequence19. A. unless B. since C. if D. whereas20. A. funny B. simple C. logical D. rareSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by chosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting co nventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get toleave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure. Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home____.A. was an unrealistic place for relaxationB. generated more stress than the workplaceC. was an ideal place for stress measurementD.offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?A. Working mothers.B. Childless husbands.C. Childless wives.D. Working fathers.23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that____.A. they are both bread winners and housewivesB. their home is also a place for kicking backC. there is often much housework left behindD. it is difficult for them to leave their office24. The word “moola” (Line 4, Para 4) most probably means____.A. energyB. skillsC. earningsD. nutrition25. The home front differs from the workplace in that____.A. home is hardly a cozier working environmentB. division of labor at home is seldom clear-cutC. household tasks are generally more motivatingD. family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.”26. Recruiting more first-generation students has____.A. reduced their dropout ratesB. narrowed the achievement gapC. missed its original purposeD. depressed college students27. The authors of the research article are optimistic because____.A. the problem is solvableB. their approach is costlessC. the recruiting rate has increasedD. their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first-generation students____.A. study at private universitiesB. are from single-parent familiesC. are in need of financial supportD. have failed their college29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students____.A. are actually indifferent to the achievement gapB. can have a potential influence on other studentsC. may lack opportunities to apply for research projectsD. are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that____.A. universities often reject the culture of the middle-classB. students are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesC. social class greatly helps enrich educational experiencesD. colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals，there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not f orget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win”.These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out，increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, promptin g arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In，whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack，bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the offi ce and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devoteyourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become____.A. more emotionalB. more objectiveC. less strategicD. less energetic32. “team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to____.A. historical incidentsB. gender differenceC. sports cultureD. athletic executives33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to____.A. revive historical termsB. promote company imageC. foster corporate cooperationD. strengthen employee loyalty34. It can be inferred that Lean In____.A. voices for working womenB. appeals to passionate workaholicsC. triggers debates among mommiesD. praises motivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?A. Managers admire it but avoid it.B. Linguists believe it to be nonsense.C. Companies find it to be fundamental.D. Regular people mock it but accept it.Text 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having avery hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A. The prospect of a thriving job market.B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C. The possibility of full employment.D. The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they____.A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB. feel that is enough to make ends meetC. cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD. haven’ t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US____.A. is harder to acquire than one year agoB. shows a general tendency of declineC. satisfies the real need of the joblessD. is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, ____.A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB. employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC. it is still challenging to get insurance for family membersD. full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses ____.A. employment in the USB. part-timer classificationC. insurance through MedicaidD. Obamacare’s troublePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A—G for each numbered paragraph (41—45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. You are not aloneB. Don’t fear your responsibility for your lifeC. pave your own unique pathD. Most of your fears are unrealE. Think about the present momentF. Experience helps you growG. There are many things to be grateful forSome Old Truths to Help Y ou Overcome Tough TimesUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way.41.____________________________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very r eal. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42. ____________________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes opento see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43. ____________________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44. ____________________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45. ____________________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentr ate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Writea notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, your should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comment.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.完型填空题1 .C signal2 .D much3. C plugged4. A message5. C behind6. A misinterpreted7. B judged8. D unfamiliar9. B anxious10. D turn11.A dangerous12. A hurt13.B conversation14. D passengers15.C predict16. D ride17.A went through18.C in fact19.B since20 B simpleSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121、【答案】[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace【解析】事实细节题。
2015年考研英语二真题及答案精选全文完整版
精选全文完整版2015年考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality — our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings —because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,” We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the Band-Aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower leve ls of stress at work than at home, ”writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_____[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement[C] generated more stress than the workplace[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives[B] Working mothers[C] Childless husbands[D] Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____[A] skills[B] energy[C] earnings[D] nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many o f them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher e ducation, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingu a franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companie s in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence.“Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this tog ether. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegia nce to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34. It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C] Companies find it to be fundamental[D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is“yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For manypeople ,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses_______.[A] employment in the US[B] part-timer classification[C] insurance though Medicaid[D] Obamacare’s troublePart BDirections: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] tofit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, whichdo not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.[A] You are not alone[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F] Experience helps you grow[G] There are many things to be grateful forUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way.41._____________________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It i s a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42_____________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43______________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44________________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45________________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling toachieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III TranslationDirections: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.Section IV WritingPart ADirections: Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part BDirections: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)【参考答案】【1-5】CDCAC 【6-10】ABDBD 【11-15】AABDC 【16-20】DADBB【21-25】ACDCCA 【26-30】CACDD 【31-35】ACDAC 【36-40】BCBBA【41-45】DEGAC【翻译参考译文】想想在一条你非常熟悉的路线上开车是什么感觉。
2015年英语二参考答案
2015年英语二参考答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 根据文章内容，第一段提到了“a new report suggests that the use of social media has a positive impact on young people's mental health”，这表明社交媒体对青少年心理健康有积极影响。
因此，答案为A。
2. 文章第二段中指出“the study found that the majority of young people use social media to keep in touch with friends and family”，这说明大多数年轻人使用社交媒体是为了与朋友和家人保持联系。
因此，答案为B。
3. 第三段中提到了“some experts argue that social media can be addictive and may lead to antisocial behavior”，这表明一些专家认为社交媒体可能会上瘾并导致反社会行为。
因此，答案为C。
4. 第四段中提到了“the report also hig hlights the potential risks of cyberbullying”，这表明报告还强调了网络欺凌的潜在风险。
因此，答案为D。
5. 文章最后一段中指出“the findings of the study are not conclusive and more research is needed”，这说明研究结果不是决定性的，需要更多的研究。
因此，答案为E。
二、完形填空（共20分）61. 根据下文的“the use of social media has a positive impacton young people's mental health”，可知社交媒体对年轻人心理健康有积极影响，因此选择A。
2015年02月28日雅思口语考题回顾
雅思考试口语考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心崔明媛考试日期2015年2月28日Part 1考题总结考题总结Study & Work1. Do you work or are you a student?2. What's your major? Have you ever communicated about yourmajor with your friends?3. Will you study with others in the future? Why?4. What is your plan for your future study?5. When you study, do you feel happy?6. What’s your favorite subject? What do like most about it?7. Do you enjoy your school life? What are the benefits of being astudent?8. What do you usually do after class?Hometown1. Where do you come from?2. Is there anything special about your hometown? Are there anybeautiful places in your hometown?3. What is the weather like in your hometown?4. What are some of the changes that have taken place in ourhome town?5. What's your hometown famous for?6. What’s the traffic situation in your hometown?Watching sky1. Do you like watching sky?2. Do you often take time to watch the sky?3. Do you like the sky during the day or night?4. Have you learned any courses about stars and planets?Train1. Have you ever travelled by train?2. Where do you usually go by train?3. Do you like taking trains?4. Do you think trains are important for public transport?5. What do you think of the advantages and disadvantages oftrains?Dictionary1. Do you often use dictionaries?2. When do you use them?3. Do you prefer to use paper dictionaries or electronicdictionaries? Why?4. Do you use dictionaries to help learn foreign languages?5. Do you think dictionaries are necessary for students?Being on time/Being punctual1. Are you always being on time?2. (similar with above) Are you a punctual person?3. Do you think being on time is important?4. Is it easy to always be on time?5. What do you think are the young people’s attitudes toward beingon time? Are they different from the elder people’s attitudes?Parks1. Does your hometown have many parks?2. Do you often visit public parks?3. What do you usually do there?4. Do you like parks?5. What kinds of parks do you like?6. What do you like most about a park?7. Did you go to parks when you were a child?8. What did you do there?9. Do you think it’s good to have parks and public gardens incities?10. Do you think there should be more of them?11. Do you think you will go to parks more often in the future?Weather/ Season/Sunshine/Rain1. What weather do you like?2. Do you like hot or cold weather?3. Do you like sunshine?4. What harm can strong sunlight do to us?5. Do all people like sunshine?6. Would you like to travel when there is little sunshine?7. What do you often do during summer?8. What is the weather like in China?9. What are the differences among four seasons in China?10. What is the influence of weather on people?11. Does the weather ever affect what people do?12. Do you like rain?13. Do young people like rain?14. What do you do in rainy days?15. Did rain ever affect what you would like to do?Maps1. Do you use a map?2. When do you use a map?3. Who taught you how to use a map?4. How did you learn to use a map?5. Do you prefer to use electronic maps or those made of paper?Cars1. Do you like cars?2. Do you have a driver’s license?3. Have you ever driven a car?4. Do you have a car?5. Do you often drive it?6. Do you plan to buy a car in the future?7. If you wanted to buy a car, what kind of car would you choose?8. What kinds of cars are most popular in your country?9. Do you like traveling by car?Leisure Time1. What do you do in your spare time (free time)?2. In the evenings, do you prefer to relax at home and watch TV orgo out with your friends?3. What do you usually do with your family?4. Do you think modern people like to do things with others, in agroup?5. Are you good at organizing time? How do you usually organizetime?6. Why do you think some people pay to learn time management?Do you think children should learn to manage time?7. Which part of the day do you like best?8. Which part of the day is beneficial for your study?9. How do the people in your country relax themselves?10. What do you usually do on weekends?Food and cooking1. What foods do you usually eat?2. Do you often eat in the restaurant? Do you like to eat outside?3. What food did you like to eat when you were a child? Do you stilllike that food now?4. If you had children, What food would you cook for your child inthe future?5. Do you think it's good to take children to restaurants?6. Do you cook? If not, will you cook in the future?7. Who cooks in your family?8. What kind of meat do you like to eat? Do you like vegetables?9. Which do you prefer, eat more times a day and have little a timeor eat less times a day but have more a time?10. What do you think of the whole family eating together?Part 2&3考题总结考题总结Describe a beautiful or handsome person you knowYou should say:What she/he looks likeHow you know this personWhat you do togetherAnd explain why you think she/he is beautiful.Describe a singer or band you like in your countryYou should say:Who the singer/band isHow you know about this singer/bandWhat kind of music the singer/band is performingAnd explain why you like the singer/band.Describe a neighbor you ever helped.You should say:Who this person isWhen you helped this personHow you helped this personand explain why you helped this person.Part 3Do you think neighbors are important?Do you think it’s important to have a good relationship with one’s neighbors?Do you think people’s relationships with their neighbors today is the same as it was in the past?Would you say these are changes for the better or changes for the worse?Do you think people’s relationships with their neighbors are the same in the cities as they are in rural areas?Describe a friend you had at schoolYou should say:What he / she looked likeWhere you first metHow you became friendsWhat you did togetherand explain how you feel about him or herPart 3Do you think friends are important?What are the qualities of a good friend?Do you prefer to have one or two close friends or a wide circle of friends?Which do you think is better, to have a large group of friends or just a few close friends?How can one distinguish between a close friends and an acquaintance?In modern society, which do you think is more important, old friends or new friends?Is there any difference to the way you make friends now, compared to when you were a child?Describe someone you know who has an interesting job.You should say:Who this person isHow you know this personWhat job they doand explain why you think this person’s job is interesting.Part 3In what ways do you think big and small companies are different? What types of companies prefer to hire university graduates?What do you think of the working conditions in your country today are better that in the past?Do you think long working hours can have an effect on the family lives of employees?What effects does working overtime have on the lives of employees, especially women?Do you think it’s reasonable that people have different salary levels? Is it very difficult for recent university graduates in your country to find a job?Describe an interesting wild animal from your country / you like bestYou should say:Where you learned about this animalWhat it looks likeWhere it lives (or where you saw it)and explain why you like this interesting animal.Part 3Do you like zoos?Some people don’t like zoos. Can you guess why they feel this way? Do you think zoos are good or bad?Why do you think so many cities have zoos?In your opinion, what features should a good zoo have?Compare a nature reserve and a zoo, as places for wild animals to live.Do you think zoos might disappear in the future?What future developments do you think will see concerning zoos? Why do you think wild animals should be protected?In what ways does human activity result in the extinction (or near extinction) of some animal species?At present, many animals are already facing extinction. How do you think average citizens could (help) protect wild animals?Why are many people interested in wild animals?Why do you think films or books for children so often have animals as the leading characters in the film or book?Describe a sportsperson you know does well.You should say:Who the person isHow you know this personWhat you do togetherAnd explain how you feel about this person.Describe a new law in your countryYou should say:What it isWhen it was introducedHow you know this lawAnd explain how you feel about this new law.Describe something special that you saved money to buy.You should say:What it wasHow long it took you to save enough money to buy itWhy you wanted to buy this thingand explain how you felt when you bought it.Part 3How important is money in your life?Do you save money?Did you save when you were a child?How has the way people use their money changed in china in recent years?How can children be taught to manage money?Why do many people like to go shopping?What’s a popular law in your country?Describe a book /magazine/ that you enjoyed reading.You should say:What the book wasWhat was in this bookWhy you read itand explain what effect the book had on you.Part 3How often do you read?Do you have many books at home?Do Chinese people do enough reading?Do Chinese people like to read?What kind of people like reading and what kind of people don’t like reading very much?Do people with different reading levels all buy the same kinds of reading materials?What do Chinese people like to read?Describe a thing you bought but not use very often.You should say:What is itWhat do you use it forWhy do you bought itand explain why you do not often use it.Describe your first cell phone.You should say:When did you buy itWhere did you buy itHow did you get itand explain the difference between the first cell phone and othersDescribe a course you like now but didn’t like in the pastYou should say:What it isWhen did you learn itHow long have you been studying itAnd explain why you didn’t like in the past but like it now.Describe a situation when you have to be friendly to someone you don’t like.You should say:Who the person isHow you know this personWhen and where the thing happenedAnd explain why you have to be friendly to the person.Describe an equipment which was broken down (washing machines or Television).You should say:What is itWhen you bought itHow was it broken downand explain your feeling after it broke down.Describe a historic building that you visited.You should say:Where it wasWhat people do thereWhy you went thereand explain how you felt about this building.Part 3Why do people visit historical places?Do you think reading about a historical place has any advantages over actually visiting it?What types of historic places do people in your country most often visit?Do many people in your country visit historical buildings?Why do they visit these buildings?What do you think are the differences between actually visiting a historic place and reading about it in a book (or seeing pictures of it on the internet)?Do you think these historic buildings should be preserved?Who do you think should pay for these reparations?Do you think the government should pay for the maintenance andrepair of historic buildings?Do you think the government should pay for this or should the visitors pay for it?Which do you think is better, having the government own and pay for the maintenance of historic buildings or having private investors owning the buildings and paying for the maintenance?We should people learn about history?Do you think learning about history has any benefits for children?Describe a country you would like to visit at first.You should say:Where the country isWhat you know about this countryWhen you plan to visit this countryand explain why you would like to visit this country at first.Part 3When people go travelling (as tourists), what do they spend money on?When people move to another country, what changes do you think take place in their lives, compared to their lives before they left home?What do you think about children growing up abroad? Do you think children are affected by growing up abroad? How?What are benefits of travelling to new places?What are some of the best (or, most popular) travel destinations in China?Which places (countries) are Chinese people most interested in visiting?Describe a special meal that you would like to have./you would like to invite someone to eat.You should say:Who you would invited to eat with youWhere you would eatWhat you would eatand explain why you would like to have this special meal.Part 3Do people in your country often eat together with others?On what occasions do people eat a “special meal” in your country? What are the differences between an ordinary meal and meals for special occasions?Do you think people ate together as a family more in the past thanthey do now?Do you think modern lifestyles affect how often people eat together as a family?Would you agree that it’s important for the family to eat often together?Do you have any suggestions on how these problems could be solved?What do people in your country usually eat?Do young people usually eat the same types of food that older adults eat?Would you say there’s a greater choice of what to eat today, compared to the past?Do you think this trend will continue in the future?What do you think is more important, the quality or the price of food? What are the pros and cons of eating locally grown food, compared to food that comes from far away?What are the pros and cons of transporting food over long distances?Do you think it’s safe to transport food over long distances?雅思口语趋势分析和备考指导本场考试趋于平稳。
(精修版)2015年高考全国卷II(新课标)英语试题及答案解析
(精修版)2015年高考全国卷II(新课标)英语试题及答案解析2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（课标卷II）第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
AMy color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seven-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradully, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise ,I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble.1. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.2. Which of the following can best replace the phrase”signed off”in Paragraph 1?A.ended all their programsB.provided fewer channelsC.changed to commercialsD.showed all-night movies3. How did the author finally get his TV set working again?A. By shaking and hitting it.B. By turning it on and off.C. By switching channels.D. By having it repaired.4. How does the anthor sound when telling the story?A. CuriousB. AnxiousC. CautiousD. HumorousBYour house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating , for people are often less self-conscious（难为情）when they’re in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of food . If your home d oesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study , people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room . Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing , while cold colors make us feel less hungry . So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clock-or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories（卡路里）per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishs. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one ,total intake（摄入）jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.5. The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______.A. their home comfortsB. their body shapeC. house buyingD. healthy diets6. A home environment in blue can help people_________.A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites7. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A. Eat quickly.B. Play fast music.C. Use smaller spoons.D. Turn down the lights.8. What can be a suitable title for the test?A.Is Your Hourse Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?CMore student than ever cefore are taking a gap-year (间隔年)before going toCrescent and the Costume Museum.Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.Tour B-Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary’s Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house-￡32 until 12 March and -￡36 thereafter.Oxford: Includes a guided of England’s oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶)”form St Mary’s Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder. Tour C—Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace-£34 until 11 March and -£37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry Vill’s favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle（entrace fees not included）. With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!Tour D-Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great-£33 until 18 March and £37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.13. Which tour will you choose if you want to see Engl and’s olde stuniversity city? A.Tour A B.Tour B C.Tour CD.Tour D14. Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?A. Windsor Castle & Hampton Court.B.Oxford & StratfordC. Bath &Stonehenge.D. Cambridge.15. Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?A.It used to be the home of royal families.B.It used to be a well-known mazeC.It is the oldest palace in BritainD.It is a world-famous castle.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2015雅思听力机经汇总
2015雅思听力机经汇总2015雅思听力机经汇总2015.1.10Section 1 新题;求职场景填空10内容回忆：Fruit picking—employment form答案回忆Name: Sophie HarriesLocation: the 1 Central Hostel, SydneyTelephone number (Mobile): 0452 832721Age: 2 19Preferred location: North Queensland, near the 3 coastAvailable to work: from the month of 4 AugustPayment basis: paid for every 5 hourType of fruit preferred: 6 bananasHealthPre-existing health conditions: used to have a problem with her 7 back Client has medical 8 insuranceClient doesn’t have a 9 truck licenceClient wants accommodation in a 10 town nearbySection 2 旧题V120728S2;课程介绍选择6+配对4Evening class instructor 介绍课程Section 3 新题;选课场景选择6+配对4两个学生讨论注册入学、必修课、选修课。
Section 4 新题;关于城市化优缺点的讲座填空10reasons for and against urban migrationaccount for 3% of the planet’s land arealess 31 carbon is consumedadvantages of moving to the citiessome 32. forests will recover33 transport is environmentally friendlyenvironment: recycling of the methane gas from the 34 rubbish economic factor: urban womenstart a family lateare more likely to gain 35 promotion in workthe downsides of the citiespossible loss of 36 culture during the processthe higher 37 crime rate of the citypoor quality of 38 aireconomic factor: good 39 welfare means more energy wasted the people find the daily 40 traffic stressful2015.1.17Section 1旧题=10114 ，求职，题型为表格填空题1-10 completion1. Address: ______2. Cell phone number: ______3. He once worked part time job as______4. He once worked at a high school as ______5. Other relevant working experience: worked at the ______6. Other relevant skills: ______7. Need certificate: it will expire in: ______8. Preferred working time: ______ mornings9. He can start to w ork at ______ o’clock10.Source of information: ______Section 2 旧题=05207，业余活动，选择6+配对411-16 multiple choices11. The businessmen in the town decided to hold the international week in:12. Why did they charge free one day to a whole week?13. If there is bad weather, where should they move to?14. How does the company***support this fair?15. Outdoor activities will be held in?16. How the oversee team attend the performance?17-20 MatchingSection 3旧题=V07308;课程讨论，选择5+填空题5此题又为旧题，Two students and one teache r‘s discussion about medicine course 医学课程的讨论对话。
雅思(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.How to spot a liar?However much we may abhor it, deception comes naturally to all living things. Birds do it by feigning injury to lead hungry predators away from nesting young. Spider crabs do it by disguise: adorning themselves with strips of kelp and other debris, they pretend to be something they are not —and so escape their enemies. Nature amply rewards successful deceivers by allowing them to survive long enough to mate and reproduce. So it may come as no surprise to learn that human beings —who, according to psychologist Gerald Jellison of the University of South California, are lied to about 200 times a day, roughly one untruth every five minutes —often deceive for exactly the same reasons: to save their own skins or to get something they can’t get by other means.But knowing how to catch deceit can be just as important a survival skill as knowing how to tell a lie and get away with it. A person able to spot falsehood quickly is unlikely to be swindled by an unscrupulous business associate or hoodwinked by a devious spouse. Luckily, nature provides more than enough clues to trap dissemblers in their own tangled webs —if you know where to look. By closely observing facial expressions, body language and tone of voice, practically anyone can recognize the telltale signs of lying. Researchers are even programming computers —like those used on Lie Detector —to get at the truth by analyzing the same physical cues available to the naked eye and ear. “With the proper training, many people can learn to reliably detect lies,” says Paul Ekman, professor of psychology at the University of California, San Francisco, who has spent the past 15 years studying the secret art of deception.In order to know what kind of lies work best, successful liars need to accurately assess other people’s emotional states. Ekman’s research shows that this same emotional intelligence is essential for good lie detectors, too. The emotional state to watch out for is stress, the conflict most liars feel between the truth and what they actually say and do.Even high-tech lie detectors don’t detect lies as such; they merely detect the physical cues of emotions, which may or may not correspond to what the person being tested is saying. Polygraphs, for instance, measure respiration, heart rate and skin conductivity, which tend to increase when people are nervous —as they usually are when lying. Nervous people typically perspire, and the salts contained in perspiration conduct electricity. That’s why a sudden leap in skin conductivity indicates nervousness —about getting caught, perhaps? —which might, in turn, suggest that someone is being economical with the truth. On the other hand, it might also mean that the lights in the television studio are too hot —which is one reason polygraph tests are inadmissible in court. “Good lie detectors don’t rely on a single sign,” Ekman says, “but interpret clusters of verbal and nonverbal clues that suggest someone might be lying.”Those clues are written all over the face.Because the musculature of the face is directly connected to the areas of the brain that process emotion, the countenance can be a window to the soul. Neurological studies even suggest that genuine emotions travel different pathways through the brain than insincere ones. If a patient paralyzed by stroke on one side of the face, for example, is asked to smile deliberately, only the mobile side of the mouth is raised. But tell that same person a funny joke, and the patient breaks into a full and spontaneous smile. Very few people —most notably, actors and politicians —are able to consciously control all of their facial expressions. Lies can often be caught when the liar’s true feelings briefly leak through the mask of deception. “We don’t think before we feel,”Ekman says. “Expressions tend to show up on the face before we’re even conscious of experiencing an emotion.”One of the most difficult facial expressions to fake —or conceal, if it is genuinely felt —is sadness. When someone is truly sad, the forehead wrinkles with grief and the inner comers of the eyebrows are pulled up. Fewer than 15% of the people Ekman tested were able to produce this eyebrow movement voluntarily. By contrast, the lowering of the eyebrows associated with an angry scowl can be replicated at will by almost everybody. “If someone claims they are sad and the inner corners of their eyebrows don’t go up,” Ekman says, “the sadness is probably false.”The smile, on the other hand, is one of the easiest facial expressions to counterfeit. It takes just two muscles —the zygomaticus major muscles that extend from the cheekbones to the corners of the lips —to produce a grin. But there’s a catch. A genuine smile affects not only the corners of the lips but also the orbicularis oculi, the muscle around the eye that produces the distinctive “crow’s-feet” associated with people who laugh a lot. A counterfeit grin can be unmasked if the lip corners go up, the eyes crinkle but the inner comers of the eyebrows are not lowered, a movement controlled by the orbicularis oculi that is difficult to fake. The absence of lowered eyebrows is one reason why false smiles look so strained and stiff.Questions i-5Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 7-5 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1．All living animals can lie.A．YesB．NoC．Not Given正确答案：A解析：利用细节词“living animals”定位于原文第一段第一句话“deception comes naturallyto all living things”，题目“lie”对应原文“deception”，题目与原文是同义表达，所以答案为Yes。
2015雅思真题小作文+范文(map+flow)
2
The map describes the change of a city from 1965 to 2018.
The two pictures show the layout of a city from 1965 to 2015 and its future design in 2018. There was a north-to-south Tam River in the city, with a branch flowing from the west to the east. In 1965, in the northwest corner of the city, some trees were surrounded by the river, Meanwhile, some houses were located on the ashore which was in the opposite of the river. Now, a car park has replaced the trees area and the number of houses has doubled. Besides, a new bridge has been built across Tam River and a new foot bridge, just under the new bridge, has been constructed over the river. In addition, two car parks will be built in 2008. One will be located in the middle of residential district and the other one will be built in the south of the city.
2015年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文主要就当前社会存在的一个现象进行分析——为什么现在的人不与周围的陌生人交流，而只专注于手机。
第一段提出现象。
第二段指出与陌生人交流其实大有裨益，只是我们不知道。
第三段提出全文要探讨的问题。
第四段给出原因之一——害怕。
第五段承接第四段继续分析，指出我们把手机视为保护毯，避免与陌生人交谈的尴尬。
第六段用一个实验证明其实与陌生人交谈并不是那么尴尬。
第七段对实验结果进行解释，因为人类的的发展源于社会联系。
试题解析In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a__1__on a subway.【译文】在当代文化中，与陌生人交流，甚至看一眼陌生人，都几乎难以忍受。
我们周围的每一个人似乎都同意这点，他们玩弄着手机，即使地铁上一点儿信号都没有。
1.[A]ticket车票[B]permit许可证[C]signal信号[D]record记录【答案】C【考点】词义辨析【直击答案】空格所在句意为：陌生人之间没有交流，大家都只关注自己的手机，即使地铁里没有________。
选项中，只有C项符合上下文语义，与phones和subway有关，因此signal正确。
【命题思路】本题四个选项语义不相关，所以只需要根据上下文确定所需填入的语义即可。
【干扰排除】其余三个选项带入原文都与句意不符，故排除。
It's a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there's__2__to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldn't know it,__3__into your phone.This universal protection sends the___4___:_“Please don't approach me.”【译文】这是个可悲的现实——我们希望避免与其他人交流——因为和身边的陌生人交流会带来诸多益处。
雅思(听力)历年真题试卷汇编28
雅思（听力）历年真题试卷汇编28(总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Listening Module(总题数：7，分数：80.00)1.Listening Module (30 minutes & 10 minutes transfer time)__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.PLAN FOR SHARING ACCOMMODATIONExample AnswerThe discussion topic: lease for next yearThe total rent: Peter ￡ 110 & Jim￡ 1Car parking: in the 2A place to buy things: 3, because Jim works there.The fees they should share: 4feesThe appliances needed: The landlord will provide the microwave.The 5is needed in the kitchen.Peter will bring some dining room and living room furniture.Jim will buy a 6at the store. Location of the telephone: in the 7Move-in date: 8Watching the game together: on 9What Jim needs to do before move-in: take 10 in the morningComplete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.PLAN FOR SHARING ACCOMMODATIONExample AnswerThe discussion topic: lease for next yearThe total rent: Peter ￡ 110 & Jim￡ 11Car parking: in the 12A place to buy things: 13, because Jim works there.The fees they should share: 14feesThe appliances needed: The landlord will provide the microwave.The 15is needed in the kitchen.Peter will bring some dining room and living room furniture.Jim will buy a 16at the store. Location of the telephone: in the 17Move-in date: 18Watching the game together: on 19What Jim needs to do before move-in: take 20 in the morning（分数：20.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：80）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：garage）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：supermarket）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：petrol）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：heater）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：toaster）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：kitchen）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：1 June/June l(st)）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Friday evening/night）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：exam）解析：解析：本题需填写一个名词，即Jim需要做的事情。
2015年6月27日雅思听力考试真题（回忆版）
2015年6月27日雅思听力考试真题（回忆版）导语：以下是店铺收集整理的2015年6月27日听力的相关内容，希望对您有所帮助，祝您考出好成绩。
Section three版本号: Y09121/ 2009212场景: 课堂讨论题型：多选3;单选4;填空4内容回忆：老师对学生的报告提出建议答案回忆21-23. 报告被扣分的原因21.writing style22. late submission23. lack of research24. Just coffee 公司在增进communication方面提供A. technical supportB. financial aids25. 数据增长：选triple(老师提出数据增长不止两倍，而是triple)26.老师说她还应该包括：A. Farming methodB. market expansionC. producer countries27. 老师让学生写个reference document28. products need to be mentioned29. equipment, like computers30. 有个so called 项目叫Knowledge SharingSection four版本号：New场景：学术讲座题型：填空6;Matching 4内容回忆：Earth sheltered house答案回忆31.low impact32.lifespan33. traffic34. conservation35. air condition 36-40 CBBA。
2015年考研英语二真题及答案详解
2015年考研英语二真题及答案详解Part I Reading Comprehension（共两节，满分40分）题目一：Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.It is true that we cannot recreate a relationship on the same level of trust and vulnerability as one we had before someone broke it, but then we must ask ourselves: Why would we want to? If we hang on to the idea, the hope, the belief that there is a possibility of going back to what was, we are setting ourselves up for disappointment by getting stuck in the past, rather than welcoming in the gift of what is now before us—something that would be impossible with the same person(s) given a history with hurt.Instead, learn what it means to really, truly forgive another, having grown stronger from what we’ve experienced. This way we can, from a place of love, wisdom and strength, make better choices. There is the possibility of creating something so much more intimate than what was.Trust your intuition. If it feels that the individuals involved are open and available to something deeper with us, then take the risk. Otherwise, moveon. If a person has hurt us, it is likely that person will do it again unless there has been an awakening—a true change.1. According to the passage, what should we do when someone breaks a relationship?A) Try to recreate the relationship on the same level.B) Keep the idea of going back to what was.C) Forgive the person for the hurt we experienced.D) Trust our intuition and learn from the past.解析：根据文章第二句话"It is true that we cannot recreate a relationship on the same level of trust and vulnerability as one we had before someone broke it"，我们可以得出第一题的答案为A) Try to recreate the relationship on the same level.2. The author mentions "the gift of what is now" to emphasize the importance of _____.A) forgetting the pastB) learning from experienceC) trusting intuitionD) making better choices解析：根据文章第五句话"we are setting ourselves up for disappointment by getting stuck in the past, rather than welcoming in the gift of what is now before us—something that would be impossible with thesame person(s) given a history with hurt"，我们可以得出第二题的答案为D) making better choices.3. What should we be cautious about when deciding to continue a relationship?A) The possibility of betrayal.B) The pain caused by the past.C) The disappointment in the future.D) The change in another person.解析：根据文章第六句话"Otherwise, move on"，我们可以得出第三题的答案为D) The change in another person.4. What is essential to creating an intimate relationship?A) Forgiving others completely.B) Trusting our intuition.C) Holding onto the past.D) Avoiding disappointment.解析：文章未提及接触第四题，所以没有答案。
2015年雅思大作文题目
【Society】2015-1-10The leaders or directors of organizations are often older people. But some people say that young people can also be a leader. To what extent do you agree or disagree?【Society】2015-1-17Some people think that the amount of noise people make have to be controlled strictly, others say that people are free to make as much as they wish. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.【Environment& Culture】2015-1-29Nowadays, both scientists and tourists can go to remote natural environments such as the South Pole.Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?【Environment】2015-1-31Some people argue that too much attention and too many resources are given to protection wild animals and birds. To what extent do you agree or disagree?【Culture】2015-2-7Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists rather than local people. Why is this the case and what can be done to attract local people ?【Society】2015-2-12Some people think that the age limit for driving should be increased in order to make driving safer.To what extent do you agree or disagree?【Society】2015-2-14The use of mobile phone is as antisocial as smoking. Smoking is banned in certain places so mobile should be banned like smoking. To what extend do agree or disagree?【Education】2015-2-28Some students take one year off between finishing school and going to university, in order to travel or to work. Do you think advantages outweigh disadvantages?【Environment】2015-3-12Some people suggest that it is more important to plant more trees on open area than housing. To what extent do you agree or disagree?【Society】2015-3-14Some working parents believe childcare centers can provide best care for children, others think other family members like grandparents can do. Discuss both views and give your opinion.【Society】2015-3-21Some people believe that famous people’s support towards international aids organizations draw the attentions to problems. Others think that celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.【Technology】2015-3-28Some people think that the increasing use of computers and mobile phones to communication has had a negative effect on young people’s reading and writing skills. Do you agree or disagree?【Society】2015-4-11Older people who need employment have to compete with younger people. What problems will be caused? And what are the solutions?【Education】2015-4-18Some people believe that only students with best academic results should be rewarded, while others think it is more important to reward students with improvement. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.【Society】2015-4-25Young people who commit serious crimes, such as a rubbery or a violent attack should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?【Culture】2015-4-30How important it is for individuals and countries to think about the future，rather than focusing on the present?【Technology & Environment】2015-5-9Developments of technology are causing environmental problems. Some people think the solution is that everyone accepts a simpler life, while others believe that technology can solve these problems. Discuss both views and give your opinion.【Education】2015-5-16Many schools encourage students to evaluate and criticize their teachers in order to improve the quality of education while others say this will lead to loss of respect for teachers.【Society】2015-5-21People continue to commit crimes even after being punished for it. Why do you think this happens? How can crime be stopped?【Society】2015-5-30Nowadays men and women in many countries decide to have babies at an older age. What are the reasons? What effects does this trend have on society and family life?【Education】2015-6-6More and more people want to study at university, so competition of university places is increasing. Why more and more people want to study at university? Is it positive or negative? 2015年6月6日【Government & Environment】2015年6月13日Because of traffic and housing problems in the cities，the government encourages business move to the rural area. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?【Technology】2015年6月18日People can live and work anywhere they want to choose, because of improved communication technology and transport,Do the advantages of this development outweigh disadvantages?【Society】2015年6月27日Many people nowadays don’t feel safe either when they are at home or go out. What are the reasons?What can we do to solve this problem?【Society &Education】2015年7月4日It has been suggested that all young adults should be required to undertake a period of unpaid work helping people in the community.Would the drawbacks be greater than benefits to the community and the young adults themselves?【Society】2015年7月11日Advertising discourages people from being different individuals by making us all want to do the same and look the same.To what extent do you agree or disagree?【Government】2015年7月23日Some people say government should give the health care the first priorites , some others believe there are more important priorities to spend the tax payers' money. Discuss both views and give your opinion.【Society】2015-7-25As well as making money, businesses should also have social responsibilities. Do you agree or disagree?【Environment】2015-8-1The natural resources such as oil, forests and fresh water are being consumed at an alarming rate. What problems does it cause? How can we solve these problems?【Society】2015-8-8Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later. Some people think that they are the best people to talk to school students the danger of committing a crime. Do you agree or disagree?【Culture】2015-8-13International travel makes people more prejudiced rather than broad-minded. Why? How to improve the understanding of countries they visit?【Culture】2015-8-29Some people regard the increasing business and cultural contact between countries as a positive development. Others, however, feel these leading to loss of national identities. Discuss both views and gove your opinion.【Society】2015-9-3Many people are afraid to leave their homes because of their fear of crime. Some people believe that more actions should be taken to prevent crime, but others feel that little can be done. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.【Education】2015-9-12Students in school or university learn more from classes of teachers than other resources (e.g. Internet or TV), do you agree or disagree?【Culture】2015-9-19Some people think everyone should be a vegetarian, because we do not need to eat meat to have a healthy diet. To what extent do you agree or disagree?【Environment】2015-9-26In some countries there is not enough recycling of waste materials (e.g. paper, glass and cans). What are the reasons and solutions?Education2015-10-8In some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. Which do you think is appropriate in today’s world?Government2015-10-10Some people governments should focus on reducing environmental pollution and housing problems to help people prevent illness and disease. To what extend do you agree or disagree?Education2015-10-24Some people say that playing computer games is bad for children in eery aspect. Others say that playing computer games can have positive effects on the way children develop. Discuss both views and give your opinion.Culture2015-10-31Some people think people working in creative arts should be financially supported by government. Others think they should find financial support from other resources. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.Education2015-11-14 (A)The best way to teach children to cooperate is through team sports at school. What extent do you agree or disagree?Environment2015-11-14 (B)Consumption of the world’s resources (such as oil, fresh water, etc) is increasing at a dangerous rate. What are the causes of this increased consumption? What can people do to reduce it?Government2015-11-19 (A)The government should spend money in promoting sport and art in school, rather than sponsoring professional sports and art events in communities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Technology2015-11-19 (B)Nowadays, more and more jobs and task are done by machines which involve hard physical work. Do these effects of this trend outweigh the negative effects?Society2015-11-21 (A)In some countries, the role of a mother differs in some ways from role of a father. Why do you think these differences exist? How migh parental roles develop in the future?Education2015-11-21 (B)Nowadays, most people learn academic study in university, but others think we should encourage to learn vocational skills more, do you agree or disagree?Society2015-12-3Interviews form the basic selecting procedure for most large companies. However, some people think an interview is not a reliable means of choosing who to employ and there are some other better methods of selection. To what extend do you agree or disagree?Society2015-12-5People are surrounded by many kinds of advertising which can influence their life. Does the positive effect of this trend outweigh negative effects?Education2015-12-12Some people think reading stories in books is better than watching TV or playing computer games for children. To what extend do you agree or disagree?。
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2015年2月28日雅思真题答案
2015年2月28日雅思真题答案下载：
/20150302/yszh-fsy-030205.html?seo=wenku302.2
2015年2月18日雅思真题答案已经在小马过河独家发布了，考生可以复制链接直接进入免费索取下载使用。
以下是2015年2月28日雅思真题答案部分内容
1 广西大学ROOM 30
2 光头考官语速快的要飞起而且老打断
2 广外RM408。
白人老头，很nice不打断。
Part1student or work,weather,letter or e-mail Part2 good news heard from internet or tv Part
3 谁关注新闻人们对什么新闻感兴趣学校应不应该培养孩子看新闻的兴趣，怎么培养
3 合肥中澳Room305。
一个和善的美国老爷爷，跟他聊了会天，有说有笑。
很和善的说。
p1,visit. p2,sport. p3 more popular sport in China.
4 温州room504 挺和蔼的男考官一直微笑很暖男哈
5 东南大学328：趴1：name;study or work;time management;趴2：想再去一次的短途旅行之地;趴3：中国有哪些地方适合短途旅行;短途旅行和长途旅行的比较;人们为什么想再去一次某地。
6 合肥中澳rm205 华裔女考官，语速慢人很nice.P1:学习or工作，P2:app，P3:科技
雅思阅读：
版本1：1：与纹身有关的一个古老艺术形式2：人类思维方式，有很多举例3：应不应该为ape争取权利
版本2：1、一个岛上的纹身研究，颜料怎么来的，性别年龄不同纹身不同。
2、关于不
同文化下人们思考方式不同。
西方人和东方人不同。
Dr.N和其他3个科学家的研究。
3、关
于赋予ape权利的讨论。
2015年2月28日雅思真题答案下载：
/20150302/yszh-fsy-030205.html?seo=wenku302.2。