形容词和副词

形容词和副词

考点1.形容词＋ly变副词的规则

A.一般直接加ly

slow-slowly quick-quickly

certain-certainly usual-usually

B.以-1结尾的，仍加一ly

gradual-gradually real-really

hopeful-hopefully especial-especially

C.以-le结尾的，去e加y

possible-possibly probable-probably

simple-simply gentle-gently

D.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ly

happy-happily angry-angrily

(但是shy一shyly)

E.以元音字母+e结尾的，去e加ly

true-truly

练习：写出下列形容词的副词形式

clear extreme strong kind

shy exact free late

calm polite recent normal usual careful wonderful special beautiful possible probable simple terrible happy angry easy

true casual cheerful mental

考点2.根据句子成分选用形容词和副词

常见使用形容词的情况：作表语、定语、补语。

He is a careful boy.（作定语，用形容词）

He is careful.（作表语，用形容词）

You must keep your eyes closed. （作宾补，用形容词）。常用副词的情况：修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。He writes carefully. He walks slowly.

(认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词)

He is probably at home. 他很有可能在家里。

This material is environmentally friendly.（修饰形容词）He runs very slowly.（修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词）Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修饰整个句子）

可简单归结为：形修名，表补定；副做状，修“副句形动”(可谐音记为“付诸行动”)。

考点3.形容词副词的比较级

1．一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est；

2．（1）单音节词

3．如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

4．tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest

5．（2）双音节词

6．如：clever→cleverer→cleverest

7．以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；

8．如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest 9．3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；10．如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest

4.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；

如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest 5．其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；

如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

different→more different→most different

easily→more easily→most easily

注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用.

例句：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

（2）形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".

It is a most important problem.

=It is a very important problem.

6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.

如：good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst

old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

many/much→more→most little→less→least

far →further/farther→furthest/farthest

二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1．“A + be +形容词比较级+ than + B”意思为“A比B 更……”.

如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高.

注意：在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”. 如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.

2．“比较级+ and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”

如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.

春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.

3．“the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”.

The more money you make, the more you spend.

钱你赚得越多,花得越多.

The sooner,the better.

越快越好.

4. 形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思.

如：He is the tallest in our class.

他在我们班里是最高的.

5. 比较级与最高级的转换：

Mike is the most intelligent in his class.

Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class

注意：

1.much, far, any,even等可修饰比较级的词

2.要避免重复使用比较级.

(错) He is more taller than his brother.

(对) He is taller than his brother.

Ⅰ. 用括号内词的形容词或副词形式的适当形式填空, 并说明为什么用这种形式。

1.This math problem is _____ and I can work it out _____.

(easy)

2.There was a _____ wind last night, and it blew _____.

(strong)

3.The boys have a _____ time. T hey’re playing _____.

(happy)

4.The_____ girl sings very _____. (beautiful)

5.“I’ve missed it,” Robert said _____. (angry)

6._____（surprising）, he returned safe and sound (安然无

恙地) the next morning.

7._____ (hope), he can get on well with all his classmates

in the new school.

8._____, he didn’t fail in the exam.(luck)

9.He was _____ ill and I was _____ sorry for that.

(terrible)

10.It was _____ (extreme) cold that day and the meeting

was _____ (especial) important.

11.He is an _____ singer and he sings _____ well.

(incredible)

12.It’s _____ (exact) what I have wanted.

13.It’s _____ (simple) a matter of time.

Ⅱ.选择括号内的形容词或副词填空。

The hikers were walking (1. slow/ slowly) up the mountain path. Suddenly, they saw a large creature above them. It looked very (2. strange/ strangely), with a large head and thick black hair. The creature screamed (尖叫)（3. loud/ loudly. ）It sounded (4.horrible /horribly), like the scream of a mad person. Then the creature ran (5. quick/ quickly) behind a rock. When the hikers got there, they saw big footprints in the snow and some black hair on the rocks. The hair was dirty and smelled （6. terrible/terribly）. The hikers (7. careful /carefully) took photos. From that moment they started to feel (8. anxious/anxiously) and they slept (9. bad/ badly) that night. When they got back home, they developed (冲洗) the photos. There was nothing there, only snow and rocks!

Ⅲ.单项选择。

1.【1991全国】These oranges taste _______.

2. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well

3.【2006上海春】Some experts think that language learning

is much _____ for children as their tongues are more flexible.

4. A. easy B. easier C. easily D. more easily

5.【2005上海春】—What a nice fire you have in your

fireplace!

6.—During the winter I like my house _____.

7. A. warmly and comfortably B. warm and comfortable

8. C. warm and comfortably D. warmly and comfortable

9.【2009福建】It seems that living green is _____ easy and

affordable. A small step makes a big difference.

10.A. exactly B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. hardly

11.—What do you think of the plan?

12.—I feel _____ that we ought to give it up at once.

13.A. strong B. stronger C. strongly D. it strong

14.【2004上海】He speaks English well indeed, but of course

not _____ a native speaker.

15.A. as fluent as B. more fluent than

16.C. so fluently as D. much fluently than

17.【2006湖南】Although she did not know Boston well, she