英美文学选读王尔德
奥斯卡王尔德才华横溢的文学家
奥斯卡王尔德才华横溢的文学家奥斯卡·王尔德：才华横溢的文学家奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）被誉为英国维多利亚时代最具创意和独特性的文学家之一。
他以其犀利幽默、优美的语言和深刻的见解而闻名于世。
本文将介绍他的生平事迹、主要作品以及他对维多利亚时代文学的重要影响。
一、生平事迹奥斯卡·王尔德于1854年出生在爱尔兰都柏林的一个中产家庭。
他的父亲是一位医生，母亲则是一位社会名流。
早年，他就展示出了非凡的才华和对艺术的热爱。
他在牛津大学学习了古典文学，并以优异的成绩毕业。
然而，奥斯卡·王尔德真正的成名之路始于他的戏剧作品。
他的第一部成功之作是《伊利达黎》（Lady Windermere's Fan），该剧于1892年在伦敦上演，获得了巨大的成功和口碑。
此后，他又相继创作了《重要人物》（The Importance of Being Earnest）和《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray）等作品，进一步巩固了他在文坛的地位。
然而，奥斯卡·王尔德的成功并未持续太久。
他的个性和性取向引起了当时社会的广泛争议。
不幸的是，他因与一位男性关系而被控犯有“不道德行为”，最终被判入狱两年。
这段悲剧性的经历对他的健康和创作产生了深远的影响。
二、主要作品1.《伊利达黎》（Lady Windermere's Fan）这是奥斯卡·王尔德的第一部戏剧作品，以其调侃封建伦理和强调女性自由意志为主题。
作品讽刺了当时社会上虚伪的上流社会和双重标准。
同时，它也捕捉到了年轻一代对传统价值观的质疑和反叛。
2.《重要人物》（The Importance of Being Earnest）这是奥斯卡·王尔德的最后一部剧作，也是他最为成功的一部作品。
这部喜剧作品以幽默而尖刻的方式揭示了维多利亚时代社会的虚伪和荒谬。
奥斯卡王尔德的简介
奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末期英国文坛最具代表性的文化名人之一。
他出众的才华和深邃的思想，以及轻松优美的语言和幽默的风格，使他成为了英国文学史上最著名的作家之一。
一、个人介绍奥斯卡·王尔德于1854年出生在爱尔兰都柏林，他的父亲任教于都柏林皇家学院。
自小的王尔德天资聪颖，深受家庭教育的影响，他的写作才华在年轻时就愈发显露出来。
他早年就读于都柏林的特立尼达学院和牛津大学三一学院，在两所学校都表现出了卓越的才能。
二、创作风格王尔德的著作主要涵盖了诗歌、小说、戏剧、散文等多个方面，作品多呈现出玄妙轻松、深刻诙谐的特点，反映出当时维多利亚时代文学的状况。
他的作品对后世文学产生了很大的影响，诸如“道林格雷的画像”、《玫瑰与耳环》、《忠诚的朋友》等作品，至今仍广受人们的推崇。
三、人生轨迹在他的创作生涯中，王尔德多次受到贬低和攻击，最终在1895年因涉嫌男同性恋罪被判处拘留两年。
离开监狱后，王尔德已名声扫地，疯狂赚钱的生活已经结束了。
他于1900年在法国巴黎去世，终年46岁。
四、思想影响王尔德的作品时常探讨人生、爱情、幸福等主题，尽管被认为是浪漫主义者，但无论作品风格还是思想内涵上，他的作品都几近超越了时代。
他推崇人性本善，反对伦理道德的假虚，营造出现代人无处不在的空气和设定，被誉为是英国文学史上的“异端”。
五、名言推荐王尔德的生平和作品都充满了哲学的感知，他的名言也无一不彰显出这种深度和颇有影响力。
其中如“一件美好的事物就是一首永远能传唱下去的歌曲”、“追求幸福的道路和幸福本身是一样美丽的”、“我只不过是一个追逐美丽的人”等，都是对美好追求的细致诠释。
总的来说，奥斯卡·王尔德在英国文学史上有着深远的影响。
他的作品充满了深刻的思考和生动的表述，跨越时代而流传至今，成为后人学习的范本之一。
王尔德简介及作品
王尔德简介及作品王尔德富有过人的自信和天赋，虽然他的晚年极为潦倒，但他的艺术成就仍使他成为世界经典的艺术家。
他的童话也赢得了广大读者的青睐，王尔德也因此被誉为“童话王子”。
接下来店铺为你整理了王尔德简介及作品，一起来看看吧。
王尔德的个人简介奥斯卡·王尔德(Oscar Wilde，1854年10月16日-1900年11月30日)，爱尔兰作家、诗人、剧作家，英国唯美主义艺术运动的倡导者。
他的作品在剧院演出后得到广大回响，在19世纪与萧伯纳齐名。
王尔德富有过人的自信和天赋，虽然他的晚年极为潦倒，但他的艺术成就仍使他成为世界经典的艺术家。
他创作了9篇童话。
结集为《快乐王子和其他故事》和《石榴屋》两部童话集。
1895年5月25日，英国作家奥斯卡·王尔德因为“与其他男性发生不道德的行为”而被判处两年徒刑。
1900年王尔德因脑膜炎于巴黎的旅馆去世，终年46岁。
王尔德作品列表中译名外文名类型时间《道林·格雷的画像》The Picture of Dorian Gray小说1891年《诗集》Poems诗作1881年《斯芬克斯》Sphinx1894年《瑞丁监狱之歌》The Ballad of Reading Gaol1898年《薇拉》Vera剧本1880年《温德密尔夫人的扇子》又译《温夫人的扇子》、《少奶奶的扇子》Lady Windermere`s Fan1892年《帕都瓦公爵夫人》The Duchess of P1893年adua《莎乐美》（原著用法语写成）Salomé1893年《无足轻重的女人》（1893年Theatre Royal Hay market首演）A Woman of No Importance1892年《认真的重要性》The Importance of Being Earnest1895年《理想的丈夫》又译《好丈夫》An Ideal Husband1895年《快乐王子和其他故事》收录童话：《快乐王子（The happy prince）》《夜莺与玫瑰（Thenightingale and the rose）》《自私的巨人（The selfish Gi ant）》《忠实的朋友（The devoted fr iend）》《了不起的火箭（The remark able rocket）》The Happy Princeand Other Tales童话集1888年《石榴屋/石榴之家》收录童话：《少年国王（The young king）》《西班牙公主的生日（The birt hday of the infanta）》《渔人和他的灵魂（The fishe rman and his soul）》《星孩（The star-child）》A House of Pomegranates1891年《社会主义下人的灵魂》The Soul of ManUnder Socialism散文集1891年《深渊书简》又译《自深深De Profundis书1897年处》、《王尔德狱中记》。
Oscar-Wilde王尔德
Rose.
After Oscar’s downfall, Constance took the surname Holland for herself and the boys
In1896, his wife came to visite him in jail to tell him a news that his mother died. This was last time for them to meet each other .
第9页，共24页。
Rose did play an important role in the development of Wilde’s understanding of his own sexuality.
Rose’s father John Sholto Douglas , 9th Marquess of Queensberry came to believe his sons had been corrupted by older homosexuals , or as he phrased it in a letter .
第7页，共24页。
His politics
Wilde, for much of his life, advocated socialism, which he argued ”will be of value simply because it will lead to individualism ” He also had a strong libertarian streak as shown in his poem “ Sonnet to Liberty ”
高中语文课后必读之经典小小说行善者〔英国〕王尔德素材
行善者〔英国〕王尔德
这是在夜间，他①又是一个人。
他看见远远的有一座圆形城的城墙，便向这城走去.他走近了时,听见城里有欢乐的脚步声,喜悦和许多张琵琶嘈杂的弹奏声。
他敲门，有一个守门人给他开门.他看见一所大理石的房屋,屋前立着漂亮的大理石柱子。
柱上挂满了花环,屋里屋外都燃着杉木火炬。
他走进屋内去.他走过玉髓的厅子，和碧玉的厅子，到了一间宴客的长厅。
他看见一个人躺在一张海紫色的榻上，头上戴着红玫瑰的花冠,嘴唇给葡萄酒染得通红。
他走到他背后，拍拍他的肩头问他道：“你为什么过这样的生活？"年轻人掉过头来，认出是他，便答道:“我本来害大麻疯的，你把我治好了。
我怎么不该过这样的生活？”他走出这所房屋，又到街上去.过了一会儿，他看见一个女人,脸上涂着脂粉,身上穿着彩衣,脚上饰着珍珠.一个穿着两件衣服的青年慢慢地跟在她后面，像一个猎人似的.这女人的脸庞好像一个偶像漂亮的脸，青年的眼睛里燃着色欲的火.他敏捷地跟着他们，他碰碰那青年的手，对他说：“你为什么望着这个女人,而且带着这种神情望她？”青年掉过头来，认出是他，便说：“我本是一个瞎子，你使我能看见。
我不望她，还要望什么呢？”他跑上前去，挨了一下那女人的彩衣，对她说：“难道除了罪孽的路以外就没有别的路可走吗?”女人掉过头来,认出是他,便笑了，她说：“可是你已经饶恕了我的罪,这条路是快乐的路啊."
他便走出城去。
他走到城外，看见一个年轻人正坐在路旁哭着。
他走到他眼前，摸一下他长长的鬈发，问他：“你为什么哭呢？”年轻人抬起头来，认出了他，便回答道：“我本来已经死了，你使
我活转来。
我除了哭以外还有什么可做的呢？”注:①指耶稣。
基督.。
英国文学选读Oscar Wilde奥斯卡 王尔德
Oscar Wilde
(1854-1900)
About Oscar Wilde
• Name: Oscar Wilde (奥斯卡 王尔德) • Nationality: English • Date of Birth: 16 October 1854, Dublin, Ireland • Date of Death: 30 November 1900, Paris, France • Profession: A gifted poet, playwright, and wit
Poems: 《诗集》（Poems，1881年） 《斯芬克斯》（Sphinx，1894年） 《里丁狱之歌》（The Ballad of Reading Gaol，1898 年） Drama: 《温德米尔夫人的扇子》（Lady Windermere`s Fan，1892 年。 《帕都瓦公爵夫人》（The Duchess of Padua，1893年） 《莎乐美》（Salomé，1893年）（原著用法语写成） 《认真的重要性》（The Importance of Being Earnest， 1895年） 《理想的丈夫》（An Ideal Husband，1895年。） 《一个无足轻重的女人》（A Woman of No Importance, 1893） Essays The Soul of Man Under Socialism《社会主义下人的灵魂》 Letters De Profundis《深渊书简 》
《夜莺与蔷薇》(The nightingale and the rose) 《自私的巨人》(The selfish Giant) 《忠实的朋友》(the devoted friend) 《了不起的火箭》(the remarkable rocket ) 《石榴屋》（A House of Pomegranates，1891年）
Oscar Wilde(奥斯卡 王尔德)
• Wilde full confidence and extraordinary talent, though his old age is very down and out, but his artistic achievements still makes him the world's classic artists. His fairy tale also won the readers the favor Wilde and therefore known as the “fairy tale prince.”
Oscar Wilde's sayings
王尔德语录
love
• The only difference between a caprice(随意) and a life-long passion is that the caprice lasts a little longer. • 逢场作戏和终身不渝之间的区别只在于逢场作戏稍微长一些。 • When one is in love, one always begins by ving one’s self, and one always ends by deceiving others. • 恋爱总是以自欺开始，以欺人结束。 • The very essence of romance is uncertainty. • 浪漫的精髓就在于它充满种种可能。
• Wilde lived through legend（传奇）, because the gay lover Alfred Douglas (Lord Alfred Douglas) for up to four years in prison contacts were reported. Left England to settle in France after his release until November 30, 1900 due to meningitis（脑膜炎） in Paris hotel Alsace (Alsace) died.
王尔德阅读资料
王尔德《快乐王子》解读《快乐王子》（林徽因翻译版本译为《幸福王子》）是英国唯美主义作家奥斯卡·王尔德创作的最著名的童话作品，被称为“近代英国文学的一大伟观”。
《快乐王子》讲述了生前住在无忧宫的王子从来没有忧愁、哀伤与烦恼。
白天与同伴在花园里玩乐，晚上在大厅里跳舞。
他有一颗人类的心，却不知眼泪为何物。
快乐生活直至死亡的王子，死后被做成雕像竖立在高高的圆柱上，他的心虽然是铅做的，却目睹了人间疾苦，看见了城里的一切丑恶与肮脏。
这时，王子遇到了想要去南方过冬，在他的雕像上栖息一晚的小燕子。
王子让小燕子成为他的使者，取下他刀柄上的大红玉、青玉制成的眼睛、身上的金叶去救助贫苦的人们。
最后，富丽堂皇的王子变得残破不堪，善良的小燕子不愿意离开失去眼睛的王子，最终在寒冬里亲吻了王子的嘴唇，在王子的脚下停止了呼吸。
这时，雕像里面发出了奇怪的声响，王子的铅心裂成了两半。
不再有美感的王子最终被丢进熔炉。
今天，我想从故事内容和创作背景两方面来谈谈这则童话给我的启示。
2故事内容：生前的王子有一颗人类的心却不懂人间疾苦，死后被做成雕像用一颗铅心悲悯众人。
小燕子轻浮不负责任，只爱自己，却因爱王子而帮助世人，最终奉献了自己的生命。
故事的开始，小燕子是轻浮的，他在追逐黄蛾的过程中遇到美丽的芦苇，不顾一切地爱上芦苇，不惜为她耽误南飞的行程，即使别的燕子嘲笑他，他也并不在意。
小燕子与芦苇初遇是在早春时节，那时他正追着一只黄蛾。
当他从河边飞过的时候，被芦苇那纤弱的细腰，点燃了内心爱情的火焰，他忍不住停下来与她攀谈。
“我可以爱你吗？”小燕子激动得想立刻飞到芦苇的身边。
芦苇红着脸，深深地弯了一下腰，点点头。
从此小燕子便绕着她飞来飞去，向她表示浓烈的爱意。
他的翅膀拍打着水面，水中泛起一圈圈银色的涟漪，一个夏天都不曾停止。
可是没过多久，当其他燕子都飞走后，小燕子非常孤单，开始对芦苇产生厌倦，挑剔、揣测芦苇。
“她又不会跟我说话，而且整天跟风在一起嬉戏，或许是个风流女子。
奥斯卡王尔德世纪末英国最具才华的作家
奥斯卡王尔德世纪末英国最具才华的作家奥斯卡·王尔德：世纪末英国最具才华的作家奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末至20世纪初英国最具才华的作家之一。
他以其犀利的才智、机智的幽默和对社会道德的挑战而闻名于世。
在他的短暂而辉煌的生涯中，他创作了一系列深刻和引人入胜的剧作、小说和散文，成为英国文学史上的经典人物。
本文将探讨王尔德的生平与作品，揭示他是如何成为世纪末英国最具才华的作家的。
生平与背景奥斯卡·王尔德于1854年10月16日出生在都柏林一个受人尊敬的家庭中。
他在都柏林的贵族学校接受教育，并在牛津大学学习古典文学。
在校期间，他表现出非凡的才华和对文学的热爱。
他的第一本书是以拉丁文写成的诗集，引起了一些关注。
毕业后，他迁居伦敦，开始了他的文学生涯。
作品与成就作为一位多产的作家，奥斯卡·王尔德涉猎广泛，涵盖了戏剧、小说和散文等多个领域。
他最知名的作品是剧作《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray），这是一部关于美、堕落和道德的经典之作。
这部小说以其惊人的描写和对人性的深刻洞察力而成为文学界的杰作。
除了《道林·格雷的画像》，奥斯卡·王尔德还写了其他一些备受赞誉的剧本，如《重要的人物》（The Importance of Being Earnest）和《万王之王》（The King of the Golden River）。
这些作品展示了他出色的幽默感和对社会伪善的批判。
与作品一样，奥斯卡·王尔德本人也是个极具魅力的人物。
他以他的风格和外表成为了当时社交场合的焦点。
他善于与人交往，并能够在他的言辞中融入机智的幽默。
然而，他的生活并不尽如人意。
1895年，他因为与男性有染的指控而被判入狱两年。
这件事对他的创作和声誉造成了巨大的打击。
遗产与影响奥斯卡·王尔德的才华和影响力不仅体现在他的作品中，也体现在他对文化和社会观念的塑造上。
Oscar Wilde
Comedies of society
Main articles: Lady Windermere's Fan, （ first performed on 20 February 1892 at St James Theatre, packed with the cream of society） A Woman of No Importance, An Ideal Husband
奥斯卡•王尔德，十九世纪与萧伯纳齐名的 大才子，剧作家、评论家、诗人、散文家， 出生于爱尔兰，是英国唯美主义文学的代表 人物，“为艺术而艺术”的倡导者之一。
Apprenticeship of an aesthete: 1880s Debut in society
代表作品： 1.小说《道林· 格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray，1891年） 2.骇世之作《狱中记》De Profundis 最为著名。
Oscar Wilde（1854—1900）
奥斯卡· 王尔德
Wilde.Oscar, the celebrated Irish born wit , novelist , playwright , poet , and critic , was the chief proponent of the aesthetic movement, based on the principle of "Art for Art 's Sake".
De Profundis (letter) 狱中记
O.Wilde在狱中给自己的同性恋密友道格拉斯(Lord Alfred Douglas) 即Bosie的长信。
First part: Wilde's account of time with Douglas; Second part: Christ as a romantic artist
英文版 王尔德童话——夜莺与玫瑰The Nightingale and the Rose
The Nightingale and the Rose
“She said that she would dance with me if I brought her red roses,”
cried the young Student; “but in all my garden there is no red rose.”
with tears. “Ah, on what little things does happiness depend! I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose is my life made wretched.”
me with your breast against a thorn. All night long you must sing to me, and the thorn must pierce your heart, and your life-blood must flow into my veins, and become mine.”
go to my brother who grows beneath the Student’s window, and perhaps
he will give you what you want.”
So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing beneath the Student’s window.
高中语文课后必读之经典小小说 裁判所〔英国〕王尔德素材
裁判所〔英国〕王尔德裁判所里寂静无声。
人裸着身体来到上帝面前。
上帝打开了人的生命簿。
上帝对人说：“你一生都做坏事，对那些需要救济的人你表示残酷；对那些急需帮助的人，你表示凶狠和无情；贫穷的人向你求助，你不去听他们；你不理睬我那些受苦的人的哀叫声。
你将遗产据为己有，你把狐狸放进邻人的葡萄园。
你夺去小孩们的面包，拿给狗吃，我那些大麻疯病人居住在沼地上，过着和睦的生活，赞美着我，你却把他们赶到大路上；我用土造出你来，可是你却使我的土地上流着无辜者的血。
”人回答说：“我的确做过这些事情。
”上帝又打开了人的生命薄。
上帝对人说：“你一生都做坏事：我显示出来的'美'，你追求它：我隐藏着的'善'你却毫不注意。
你房间的墙壁上绘满了图像，你听见笛声就从你放荡的床上起来。
你筑了七个祭坛来奉祀我所受的罪孽，你吃了不应当吃的东西，你衣服上绣着三个耻辱的记号。
你崇拜的不是能够久存的金或银的偶像，却是会死去的肉身。
你用香膏涂在他们的头发上，又放了白榴在他们的手中。
你用蕃红花擦他们的脚，又在他们面前铺上地毯。
你用锑粉①染他们的眼皮，用没药②擦他们的身体。
你在他们面前鞠躬到地，你把你的偶像的宝座放在太阳里。
你给太阳看见你的丑行，给月亮看见你的疯狂。
”人回答说：“我的确做过这些事情。
”上帝又打开了人的生命薄。
上帝对人说：“你一生都做坏事，你以恶报善，用侵害报答仁慈。
你弄伤抚养你的双手，你轻视给你吃奶的乳房。
叫向你讨水喝的人忍渴而去，亡命的人晚上把你藏在他们的帐幕里，你不等到天亮就告发了他们。
你的仇敌没有害你的性命，你却暗算了他，你的朋友跟你在一块儿走路，你得到钱就出卖了他，对那些给你带来'爱'的人，你却以'欲'报答。
”人回答说：“我的确做过这些事情。
”上帝合上了人的生命簿；说：“我一定要把你送到地狱里去。
我的确就要送你到地狱里去。
”人叫起来：“你不能。
”上帝对人说：“为什么我不能送你到地狱，你有什么理由？”“因为我一直就住在地狱里面。
王尔德 The Young King Oscar Wilde
The Young King Oscar WildeIT was the night before the day fixed for his coronation, and the young King was sitting alone in his beautiful chamber. His courtiers had all taken their leave of him, bowing their heads to the ground, according to the ceremonious usage of the day, and had retired to the Great Hall of the Palace, to receive a few last lessons from the Professor of Etiquette; there being some of them who had still quite natural manners, which in a courtier is, I need hardly say, a very grave offence.The lad - for he was only a lad, being but sixteen years of age - was not sorry at their departure, and had flung himself back with a deep sigh of relief on the soft cushions of his embroidered couch, lying there, wild-eyed and open-mouthed, like a brown woodland Faun, or some young animal of the forest newly snared by the hunters.And, indeed, it was the hunters who had found him, coming upon him almost by chance as, bare-limbed and pipe in hand, he was following the flock of the poor goatherd who had brought him up, and whose son he had always fancied himself to be. The child of the old King's only daughter by a secret marriage with one much beneath her in station - a stranger, some said, who, by the wonderful magic of his lute-playing, had made the young Princess love him; while others spoke of an artist from Rimini, to whom the Princess had shown much, perhaps too much honour, and who had suddenly disappeared from the city, leaving his work in the Cathedral unfinished - he had been, when but a week old, stolen away from his mother's side, as she slept, and given into the charge of a common peasant and his wife, who were without children of their own, and lived in a remote part of the forest, more than a day's ride from the town. Grief, or the plague, as the court physician stated, or, as some suggested, a swift Italian poison administered in a cup of spiced wine, slew, within an hour of her wakening, the white girl who had given him birth, and as the trusty messenger who bare the child across his saddle-bow, stooped from his weary horse and knocked at the rude door of the goatherd's hut, the body of the Princess was being lowered into an open grave that had been dug in a deserted churchyard, beyond the city gates, a grave where, it was said, that another body was also lying, that of a young man of marvellous and foreign beauty, whose hands were tied behind him with a knotted cord, and whose breast was stabbed with many red wounds.Such, at least, was the story that men whispered to each other. Certain it was that the old King, when on his death-bed, whether moved by remorse for his great sin, or merely desiring that the kingdom should not pass away from his line, had had the lad sent for, and, in the presence of the Council, had acknowledged him as his heir.And it seems that from the very first moment of his recognition he had shown signs of that strange passion for beauty that was destined to have so great an influence over his life. Those who accompanied him to the suite of rooms set apart for his service, often spoke of the cry of pleasure that broke from his lips when he saw the delicate raiment and rich jewels that had been prepared for him, and of the almost fierce joy with which he flung aside his rough leathern tunic and coarse sheepskin cloak. He missed, indeed, at times the fine freedom of his forest life, and was always apt to chafe at the tedious Court ceremonies that occupied so much of each day, but the wonderful palace - Joyeuse, as they called it - of which he now found himself lord, seemed to him to be anew world fresh-fashioned for his delight; and as soon as he could escape from the council-board or audience-chamber, he would run down the great staircase, with its lions of gilt bronze and its steps of bright porphyry, and wander from room to room, and from corridor to corridor, like one who was seeking to find in beauty an anodyne from pain, a sort of restoration from sickness.Upon these journeys of discovery, as he would call them - and, indeed, they were to him real voyages through a marvellous land, he would sometimes be accompanied by the slim, fair-haired Court pages, with their floating mantles, and gay fluttering ribands; but more often he would be alone, feeling through a certain quick instinct, which was almost a divination, that the secrets of art are best learned in secret, and that Beauty, like Wisdom, loves the lonely worshipper.Many curious stories were related about him at this period. It was said that a stout Burgomaster, who had come to deliver a florid oratorical address on behalf of the citizens of the town, had caught sight of him kneeling in real adoration before a great picture that had just been brought from Venice, and that seemed to herald the worship of some new gods. On another occasion he had been missed for several hours, and after a lengthened search had been discovered in a little chamber in one of the northern turrets of the palace gazing, as one in a trance, at a Greek gem carved with the figure of Adonis. He had been seen, so the tale ran, pressing his warm lips to the marble brow of an antique statue that had been discovered in the bed of the river on the occasion of the building of the stone bridge, and was inscribed with the name of the Bithynian slave of Hadrian. He had passed a whole night in noting the effect of the moonlight on a silver image of Endymion.All rare and costly materials had certainly a great fascination for him, and in his eagerness to procure them he had sent away many merchants, some to traffic for amber with the rough fisher-folk of the north seas, some to Egypt to look for that curious green turquoise which is found only in the tombs of kings, and is said to possess magical properties, some to Persia for silken carpets and painted pottery, and others to India to buy gauze and stained ivory, moonstones and bracelets of jade, sandalwood and blue enamel and shawls of fine wool.But what had occupied him most was the robe he was to wear at his coronation, the robe of tissued gold, and the ruby-studded crown, and the sceptre with its rows and rings of pearls. Indeed, it was of this that he was thinking to-night, as he lay back on his luxurious couch, watching the great pinewood log that was burning itself out on the open hearth. The designs, which were from the hands of the most famous artists of the time, had been submitted to him many months before, and he had given orders that the artificers were to toil night and day to carry them out, and that the whole world was to be searched for jewels that would be worthy of their work. He saw himself in fancy standing at the high altar of the cathedral in the fair raiment of a King, and a smile played and lingered about his boyish lips, and lit up with a bright lustre his dark woodland eyes.After some time he rose from his seat, and leaning against the carved penthouse of the chimney, looked round at the dimly-lit room. The walls were hung with rich tapestries representing the Triumph of Beauty. A large press, inlaid with agate and lapis-lazuli, filled one corner, and facing the window stood a curiously wrought cabinet with lacquer panels of powdered and mosaiced gold, on which were placed some delicate goblets of Venetian glass, and a cup of dark-veined onyx.Pale poppies were broidered on the silk coverlet of the bed, as though they had fallen from the tired hands of sleep, and tall reeds of fluted ivory bare up the velvet canopy, from which great tufts of ostrich plumes sprang, like white foam, to the pallid silver of the fretted ceiling. A laughing Narcissus in green bronze held a polished mirror above its head. On the table stood a flat bowl of amethyst.Outside he could see the huge dome of the cathedral, looming like a bubble over the shadowy houses, and the weary sentinels pacing up and down on the misty terrace by the river. Far away, in an orchard, a nightingale was singing. A faint perfume of jasmine came through the open window. He brushed his brown curls back from his forehead, and taking up a lute, let his fingers stray across the cords. His heavy eyelids drooped, and a strange languor came over him. Never before had he felt so keenly, or with such exquisite joy, the magic and the mystery of beautiful things.When midnight sounded from the clock-tower he touched a bell, and his pages entered and disrobed him with much ceremony, pouring rose-water over his hands, and strewing flowers on his pillow. A few moments after that they had left the room, he fell asleep.And as he slept he dreamed a dream, and this was his dream. He thought that he was standing in a long, low attic, amidst the whirr and clatter of many looms. The meagre daylight peered in through the grated windows, and showed him the gaunt figures of the weavers bending over their cases. Pale, sickly-looking children were crouched on the huge cross-beams. As the shuttles dashed through the warp they lifted up the heavy battens, and when the shuttles stopped they let the battens fall and pressed the threads together. Their faces were pinched with famine, and their thin hands shook and trembled. Some haggard women were seated at a table sewing. A horrible odour filled the place. The air was foul and heavy, and the walls dripped and streamed with damp.The young King went over to one of the weavers, and stood by him and watched him.And the weaver looked at him angrily, and said, `Why art thou watching me? Art thou a spy set on us by our master?'`Who is thy master?' asked the young King.`Our master!' cried the weaver, bitterly. `He is a man like myself. Indeed, `there is but this difference between us that he wears fine clothes while I go in rags, and that while I am weak from hunger he suffers not a little from overfeeding.'`The land is free,' said the young King, `and thou art no man's slave.'`In war,' answered the weaver, `the strong make slaves of the weak, and in peace the rich make slaves of the poor. We must work to live, and they give us such mean wages that we die. We toil for them all day long, and they heap up gold in their coffers, and our children fade away before their time, and the faces of those we love become hard and evil. We tread out the grapes, and another drinks the wine. We sow the corn, and our own board is empty. We have chains, though no eye beholds them; and are slaves, though men call us free.'`Is it so with all?' he asked.`It is so with all,' answered the weaver, `with the young as well as with the old, with the women as well as with the men, with the little children as well as with those who are stricken in years. The merchants grind us down, and we must needs do their bidding. The priest rides by and tells his beads, and no man has care of us. Through our sunless lanes creeps Poverty with her hungry eyes, and Sin with his sodden face follows close behind her. Misery wakes us in the morning, and Shame sits with us at night. But what are these things to thee? Thou art not one of us. Thy face is too happy.' And he turned away scowling, and threw the shuttle across the loom, and the young King saw that it was threaded with a thread of gold.And a great terror seized upon him, and he said to the weaver, `What robe is this that thou art weaving?'`It is the robe for the coronation of the young King,' he answered; `what is that to thee?'And the young King gave a loud cry and woke, and lo! he was in his own chamber, and through the window he saw the great honey-coloured moon hanging in the dusky air.And he fell asleep again and dreamed, and this was his dream.He thought that he was lying on the deck of a huge galley that was being rowed by a hundred slaves. On a carpet by his side the master of the galley was seated. He was black as ebony, and his turban was of crimson silk. Great earrings of silver dragged down the thick lobes of his ears, and in his hands he had a pair of ivory scales.The slaves were naked, but for a ragged loincloth, and each man was chained to his neighbour. The hot sun `beat brightly upon them, and the negroes ran up and down the gangway and lashed them with whips of hide. They stretched out their lean arms and pulled the heavy oars through the water. The salt spray flew from the blades.At last they reached a little bay, and began to take soundings. A light wind blew from the shore, and covered the deck and the great lateen sail with a fine red dust. Three Arabs mounted on wild asses rode out and threw spears at them. The master of the galley took a painted bow in his hand and shot one of them in the throat. He fell heavily into the surf, and his companions galloped away.A woman wrapped in a yellow veil followed slowly on a camel, looking back now and then at the dead body.As soon as they had cast anchor and hauled down the sail, the negroes went into the hold and brought up a long rope-ladder, heavily weighted with lead. The master of the galley threw it over the side, making the ends fast to two iron stanchions. Then the negroes seized the youngest of the slaves, and knocked his gyves oil, and filled his nostrils and his ears with wax, and tied a big stone round his waist. He crept wearily down the ladder, and disappeared into the sea. A few bubbles rose where he sank. Some of the other slaves peered curiously over the side. At the prow of the galley sat a shark-charmer, beating monotonously upon a drum.After some time the diver rose up out of the water, and clung panting to the ladder with a pearl in his right hand. The negroes seized it from him, and thrust him back. The slaves fell asleep over their oars.Again and again he came up, and each time that he did so he brought with him a beautiful pearl. The master of the galley weighed them, and put them into a little bag of green leather.The young King tried to speak, but his tongue seemed to cleave to the roof of his mouth, and his lips refused to move. The negroes chattered to each other, and began to quarrel over a string of bright beads. Two cranes flew round and round the vessel.Then the diver came up for the last time, and the pearl that he brought with him was fairer than all the pearls of Ormuz, for it was shaped like the full moon, and whiter than the morning star. But his face was strangely pale, and as he fell upon the deck the blood gushed from his ears and nostrils. He quivered for a little, and then he was still. The negroes shrugged their shoulders, and threw the body overboard.And the master of the galley laughed, and, reaching out, he took the pearl, and when he saw it he pressed it to his forehead and bowed. `It shall be,' he said, `for the sceptre of the young King,' and he made a sign to the negroes to draw up the anchor.And when the young King heard this he gave a great cry, and woke, and through the window he saw the long grey fingers of the dawn clutching at the fading stars.And he fell asleep again, and dreamed, and this was his dream.He thought that he was wandering through a dim wood, hung with strange fruits and with beautiful poisonous flowers. The adders hissed at him as he went by, and the bright parrots flew screaming from branch to branch. Huge tortoises lay asleep upon the hot mud. The trees were full of apes and peacocks.On and on he went, till he reached the outskirts of the wood, and there he saw an immense multitude of men toiling in the bed of a dried-up river. They swarmed up the crag like ants. They dug deep pits in the ground and went down into them. Some of them cleft the rocks with great axes; others grabbled in the sand. They tore up the cactus by its roots, and trampled on the scarlet blossoms. They hurried about, calling to each other, and no man was idle.From the darkness of a cavern Death and Avarice watched them, and Death said, `I am weary; give me a third of them and let me go.'But Avarice shook her head. `They are my servants,' she answered.And Death said to her, `What hast thou in thy hand?'`I have three grains of corn,' she answered; `what is that to thee?'`Give me one of them,' cried Death, `to plant in my garden; only one of them, and I will go away.'`I will not give thee anything,' said Avarice, and she hid her hand in the fold of her raiment.And Death laughed, and took a cup, and dipped it into a pool of water, and out of the cup rose Ague. She passed through the great multitude, and a third of them lay dead. A cold mist followed her, and the water-snakes ran by her side.And when Avarice saw that a third of the multitude was dead she beat her breast and wept. She beat her barren bosom and cried aloud. `Thou hast slain a third of my servants,' she cried, `get thee gone. There is war in the mountains of Tartary, and the kings of each side are calling to thee. The Afghans have slain the black ox, and are marching to battle. They have beaten upon their shields with their spears, and have put on their helmets of iron. What is my valley to thee, that thou should'st tarry in it? Get thee gone, and come here no more.`Nay,' answered Death, `but till thou hast given me a grain of corn I will not go.'But Avarice shut her hand, and clenched her teeth. `I will not give thee anything,' she muttered.And Death laughed, and took up a black stone, and threw it into the forest, and out of a thicket of wild hemlock came Fever in a robe of flame. She passed through the multitude, and touched them, and each man that she touched died. The grass withered beneath her feet as she walked.And Avarice shuddered, and put ashes on her head. `Thou art cruel,' she cried; `thou art cruel. There is famine in the walled cities of India, and the cisterns of Samarcand have run dry. There is famine in the walled cities of Egypt, and the locusts have come up from the desert. The Nile has not overflowed its banks, and the priests have cursed Isis and Osiris. Get thee gone to those who need thee, and leave me my servants.'`Nay,' answered Death, `but till thou hast given me a grain of corn I will not go.'`I will not give thee anything,' said Avarice.And Death laughed again, and he whistled through his fingers, and a woman came flying through the air. Plague was written upon her forehead, and a crowd of lean vultures wheeled round her. She covered the valley with her wings, and no man was left alive.And Avarice fled shrieking through the forest, and Death leaped upon his red horse and galloped away, and his galloping was faster than the wind.And out of the slime at the bottom of the valley crept dragons and horrible things with scales, and the jackals came trotting along the sand, sniffing up the air with their nostrils.And the young King wept, and said: `Who were these men and for what were they seeking?'`For rubies for a king's crown,' answered one who stood behind him.And the young King started, and, turning round, he saw a man habited as a pilgrim and holding in his hand a mirror of silver.And he grew pale, and said: `For what king?'And the pilgrim answered: `Look in this mirror, and thou shalt see him.'And he looked in the mirror, and, seeing his own face, he gave a great cry and woke, and the bright sunlight was streaming into the room, and from the trees of the garden and pleasaunce the birds were singing.And the Chamberlain and the high officers of State came in and made obeisance to him, and the pages brought him the robe of tissued gold, and set the crown and the sceptre before him.And the young King looked at them, and they were beautiful. More beautiful were they than aught that he had ever seen. But he remembered his dreams, and he said to his lords: `Take these things away, for I will not wear them.'And the courtiers were amazed, and some of them laughed, for they thought that he was jesting.But he spake sternly to them again, and said: `Take these things away, and hide them from me. Though it be the day of my coronation, I will not wear them. For on the loom of Sorrow, and by the white hands of Pain, has this my robe been woven. There is Blood in the heart of the ruby, and Death in the heart of the pearl.' And he told them his three dreams.And when the courtiers heard them they looked at each other and whispered, saying: `Surely he is mad; for what is a dream but a dream, and a vision but a vision? They are not real things that one should heed them. And what have we to do with the lives of those who toil for us? Shall a man not eat bread till he has seen the sower, nor drink wine till he has talked with the vinedresser?'And the Chamberlain spake to the young King, and said, `My lord, I pray thee set aside these black thoughts of thine, and put on this fair robe, and set this crown upon thy head. For how shall the people know that thou art a king, if thou hast not a king's raiment?'And the young King looked at him. `Is it so, indeed?' he questioned. `Will they not know me for a king if I have not a king's raiment?'`They will not know thee, my lord,' cried the Chamberlain.`I had thought that there had been men who were kinglike,' he answered, `but it may be as thou sayest. And yet I will not wear this robe, nor will I be crowned with this crown, but even as I came to the palace so will I go forth from it.'And he bade them all leave him, save one page whom he kept as his companion, a lad a year younger than himself. Him he kept for his service, and when he had bathed himself in clear water, he opened a great painted chest, and from it he took the leathern tunic and rough sheepskin cloakthat he had worn when he had watched on the hillside the shaggy goats of the goatherd. These he put on, and in his hand he took his rude shepherd's staff.And the little page opened his big blue eyes in wonder, and said smiling to him, `My lord, I see thy robe and thy sceptre, but where is thy crown?'And the young King plucked a spray of wild briar that was climbing over the balcony, and bent it, and made a circlet of it, and set it on his own head.`This shall be my crown,' he answered.And thus attired he passed out of his chamber into the Great Hall, where the nobles were waiting for him.And the nobles made merry, and some of them cried out to him, `My lord, the people wait for their king, and thou showest them a beggar,' and others were wroth and said, `He brings shame upon our state, and is unworthy to be our master.' But he answered them not a word, but passed on, and went down the bright porphyry staircase, and out through the gates of bronze, and mounted upon his horse, and rode towards the cathedral, the little page running beside him.And the people laughed and said, `It is the King's fool who is riding by,' and they mocked him.And he drew rein and said, `Nay, but I am the King.' And he told them his three dreams.And a man came out of the crowd and spake bitterly to him, and said, `Sir, knowest thou not that out of the luxury of the rich cometh the life of the poor? By your pomp we are nurtured, and your vices give us bread. To toil for a hard master is bitter, but to have no master to toil for is more bitter still. Thinkest thou that the ravens will feed us? And what cure hast thou for these things? Wilt thou say to the buyer, "Thou shalt buy for so much," and to the seller, "Thou shalt sell at this price?" I trow not. Therefore go back to thy Palace and put on thy purple and fine linen. What hast thou to do with us, and what we suffer?'`Are not the rich and the poor brothers?' asked the young King.`Aye,' answered the man, `and the name of the rich brother is Cain.'And the young King's eyes filled with tears, and he rode on through the murmurs of the people, and the little page grew afraid and left him.And when he reached the great portal of the cathedral, the soldiers thrust their halberts out and said, `What dost thou seek here? None enters by this door but the King.'And his face flushed with anger, and he said to them, `I am the King,' and waved their halberts aside and passed in.And when the old Bishop saw him coming in his goatherd's dress, he rose up in wonder from his throne, and went to meet him, and said to him, `My son, is this a king's apparel? And with what crown shall I crown thee, and what sceptre shall I place in thy hand? Surely this should be to thee a day of joy, and not a day of abasement.'`Shall Joy wear what Grief has fashioned?' said the young King. And he told him his three dreams.And when the Bishop had heard them he knit his brows, and said, `My son, I am an old man, and in the winter of my days, and I know that many evil things are done in the wide world. The fierce robbers come down from the mountains, and carry off the little children, and sell them to the Moors. The lions lie in wait for the caravans, and leap upon the camels. The wild boar roots up the corn in the valley, and the foxes gnaw the vines upon the hill. The pirates lay waste the sea-coast and burn the ships of the fishermen, and take their nets from them. In the salt-marshes live the lepers; they have houses of wattled reeds, and none may come nigh them. The beggars wander through the cities, and eat their food with the dogs. Canst thou make these things not to be? Wilt thou take the leper for thy bedfellow, and set the beggar at thy board? Shall the lion do thy bidding, and the wild boar obey thee? Is not He who made misery wiser than thou art? Wherefore I praise thee not for this that thou hast done, but I bid thee ride back to the Palace and make thy face glad, and put on the raiment that beseemeth a king, and with the crown of gold I will crown thee, and the sceptre of pearl will I place in thy hand. And as for thy dreams, think no more of them. The burden of this world is too great for one man to bear, and the world's sorrow too heavy for one heart to suffer.'`Sayest thou that in this house?' said the young King, and he strode past the Bishop, and climbed up the steps of the altar, and stood before the image of Christ.He stood before the image of Christ, and on his right hand and on his left were the marvellous vessels of gold, the chalice with the yellow wine, and the vial with the holy oil. He knelt before the image of Christ, and the great candles burned brightly by the jewelled shrine, and the smoke of the incense curled in thin blue wreaths through the dome. He bowed his head in prayer, and the priests in their stiff copes crept away from the altar.And suddenly a wild tumult came from the street outside, and in entered the nobles with drawn swords and nodding plumes, and shields of polished steel. `Where is this dreamer of dreams?' they cried. `Where is this King, who is apparelled like a beggar - this boy who brings shame upon our state? Surely we will slay him, for he is unworthy to rule over us.'And the young King bowed his head again, and prayed, and when he had finished his prayer he rose up, and turning round he looked at them sadly.And lo! through the painted windows came the sunlight streaming upon him, and the sunbeams wove round him a tissued robe that was fairer than the robe that had been fashioned for his pleasure. The dead staff blossomed, and bare lilies that were whiter than pearls. The dry thorn blossomed, and bare roses that were redder than rubies. Whiter than fine pearls were the lilies, andtheir stems were of bright silver. Redder than male rubies were the roses, and their leaves were of beaten gold.He stood there in the raiment of a king, and the gates of the jewelled shrine flew open, and from the crystal of the many-rayed monstrance shone a marvellous and mystical light. He stood there in a king's raiment, and the Glory of God filled the place, and the saints in their carven niches seemed to move. In the fair raiment of a king he stood before them, and the organ pealed out its music, and the trumpeters blew upon their trumpets, and the singing boys sang.And the people fell upon their knees in awe, and the nobles sheathed their swords and did homage, and the Bishop's face grew pale, and his hands trembled. `A greater than I hath crowned thee,' he cried, and he knelt before him.And the young King came down from the high altar, and passed home through the midst of the people. But no man dared look upon his face, for it was like the face of an angel.。
奥斯卡王尔德的事迹 文学天才的曲折人生
奥斯卡王尔德的事迹文学天才的曲折人生奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末英国的杰出文学家和戏剧家，他不仅创作了众多备受赞誉的作品，还以其天才思想和独特的个性而闻名。
然而，他的生活经历却并非一帆风顺，充满了曲折和困境。
本文将探讨奥斯卡·王尔德的事迹，展示他作为一个文学天才的曲折人生。
奥斯卡·王尔德于1854年10月16日出生于都柏林一个中产阶级家庭。
早年，他展示出了非凡的才华和智慧，成为国王学院的优秀学生。
在大学期间，他对文学和艺术产生了浓厚的兴趣，并开始了他的文学创作。
在1878年，王尔德获得了牛津大学的基督教顺利的奖学金并进入牛津大学学习古典文学。
在校期间，他积极参与文学和戏剧活动，成为了一个备受瞩目的社交人物。
他的机智幽默以及锋利的言辞使他赢得了人们的赞赏和尊重。
结束大学学业后，王尔德开始了他的文学生涯，并很快崭露头角。
他自称是“美学派”的代表之一，强调艺术的独立性和追求美的重要性。
他的作品以幽默和讽刺的风格为特点，其中最著名的包括戏剧作品《道林·格雷的画像》和《温蒂瑟的扇子》以及小说《道林·格雷的画像》。
然而，王尔德的成功并没有持续太久。
在1891年，他与爱尔兰文学家艾尔菲·多格·格列（Alfred Douglas）展开了一段短暂而激情的恋情，引起了社会的强烈谴责。
这段恋情不仅导致了他个人生活的混乱，还给他的事业带来了巨大的打击。
王尔德与多格·格列的恋情最终被曝光，引发了一场轰动的丑闻。
他被控涉嫌同性恋，这当时被法律视为严重的犯罪行为。
在1895年，王尔德因“猥亵罪”被判入狱两年，并被剥夺了个人自由。
在狱中度过的日子里，他经历了巨大的痛苦和困境，但他从未放弃对艺术的信仰和追求。
在他的囚禁期间，王尔德写下了《彷徨的影子》，这是关于自己囚禁经历的纪实文学作品。
他讲述了自己在狱中的艰难处境和面对的种种苦痛，同时也表达了对人性和社会的深刻思考。
英美文化论文：漫谈唯美主义世界童话的代表------奥斯卡·王尔德
漫谈唯美主义世界童话的代表------奥斯卡·王尔德奥斯卡·王尔德是英国著名的剧作家、散文家和诗人。
但是，他创作的童话比他其他的作品流传更广，传播到了世界上每一个有孩子的地方。
王尔德生于都柏林的贵族之家，毕业于牛津大学，从小就受到浓郁的文学熏陶。
在都柏林三圣大学读书期间，他阅读了大量的古典文学作品，再加上本身才华出众，很快就在文学上获得了巨大成功。
王尔德身材高大，仪表堂堂，稍带点女人气。
他衣着奇特，经常从历史书画中得到灵感来装饰自己，像个别出心裁的花花公子。
王尔德富有一种诗人气质，大学时曾得到圣三一诗歌大奖，但后来他并没有走上写诗的道路，而是选择了写评论小说和剧本。
虽然他主要以成人作家而著称，但他的早期作品中有两本童话集：《快乐王子故事集》和《石榴之家》已载入英国儿童文学史册。
王尔德在巴黎与伦敦遇到一些当时的印象主义画家作家评论家，他从各种观点中汲取养料。
他从一个传统美学的拥护者转化为唯美主义的创导者，成为唯美主义的先驱。
1884年，王尔德结了婚，生活富裕，心宽体胖。
1885—1886年，王尔德的两个儿子先后出生，当了父亲的王尔德在和儿子们在耳鬓厮磨之中获得许多灵感。
他与儿子们在乡间度过的这段时间是他创作的黄金时代，写下了优美动人的童话。
他的儿子后来回忆说：“(父亲)有时会趴在育婴室的地上，轮番装成狮子、狼、马，平时的斯文形象一扫而空……玩累了时，他会让我们静静听他讲童话故事，讲冒险传说，他肚子里有讲不完的故事……”王尔德的这种童心正是他童话的源泉。
王尔德在伦敦警局的一次扫黄行动中被发现有狎亵行为，还被证实是个同性恋者。
他爱上俊美不羁的年轻爵士道格拉斯而遭到爵士父亲的控告。
当时的英国法律不允许同性恋。
于是，他被诉讼，公众对他厌恶不堪，落井下石，他的书被查封，戏剧停演，房子里的名画与青花瓷器都被贱卖，最后被判入狱。
王尔德1897年经过两年监禁后出狱，化名隐居巴黎，1900年死于一家廉价的小旅馆，终年46岁，身边没有亲人。
外国诗歌赏析《歌》[英国]王尔德
![外国诗歌赏析《歌》[英国]王尔德](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/01c11d07fe00bed5b9f3f90f76c66137ee064f66.png)
外国诗歌赏析《歌》[英国]王尔德奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde，1854年10月16日—1900年11月30日），出生于爱尔兰都柏林，19世纪英国（准确来讲是爱尔兰，但是当时由英国统治）最伟大的作家与艺术家之一，以其剧作、诗歌、童话和小说闻名，唯美主义代表人物，19世纪80年代美学运动的主力和90年代颓废派运动的先驱。
一只金戒和一只白鸽是给你的重礼，一根绳索缚住了你爱高高挂在树枝。
象牙之屋给了你，(花亭里盛开着白玫花)! 狭窄小床留与我，(白呀，呵，白如毒芹花)! 给你香桃木和茉莉花，(呵，红玫瑰看去真艳丽)! 给我丝柏和芸香，(迷迭香可算最美丽)!看你迷住那些个情种，(那人长眠绿草茵)!看沙滩我留下的行踪，(种棵百合在我心)!(汪剑钊、蔡海燕译)【赏析】王尔德以其自由和大胆而著称。
在社会环境比较宽容的今天，他已经成为同性恋社群的一个文化偶像。
不过，很多人对他有一个误解，认为他生来就是同性恋者。
事实上，他在年轻的时候狂热地爱慕着一个名为弗洛伦斯·拜尔康比的美貌女子，只可惜后者最终选择嫁给“鬼怪小说之父”布拉姆·斯托克，令他深受重创。
这首《歌》，便是王尔德失恋后的产物，收入1881年的《诗集》中。
从结构上而言，这是一首名副其实的“歌”，即“chanson”。
这种“歌”，本来每个诗节只有两行，而且两行的音节数目相同，类似于双韵体。
王尔德在这里对传统的“歌”进行了变体。
每个诗节由四行诗组成，第一行和第三行的音节数目相同，第二行和第四行的音节数目相同，韵体形式为abab，就仿佛两首传统的“歌”被交错地融进同一首“歌”中。
另外，诗歌中还重复出现了“for you”、“for me”、“red”、“white”之类的叠词，增添了全诗的音乐性。
第一诗节含蓄地点出了王尔德夭折的恋情。
据说，王尔德于1876年在都柏林见到了拜尔康比，对她一见钟情。
他送给她刻有自己名字的十字架，为她精心绘制肖像画，甚至向她求婚。
英语文学-Oscar-Wilde-奥斯卡-王尔德介绍
The pictures of the three main Characters
Dorian Gray 道林 格雷
Basil Hallward 巴兹尔 霍尔华德
Lord Henry 亨利
Main Plot 主要情节
The novel tells of a young man named Dorian Gray, the subject of a painting by artist Basil Hallward. Basil is impressed by Dorian's beauty and becomes infatuated with him, believing his beauty is responsible for a new mode in his art. Dorian meets Lord Henry Wotton, a friend of Basil's, and becomes enthralled by Lord Henry's world view.
Main works 主要作品
• Novels 小说
The Picture of Dorian Gray(道林·格雷的画像)
• Fairy tales 童话
The happy prince（快乐王子） The nightingale and the rose（夜莺与蔷薇） The selfish Giant（自私的巨人） The fisherman and his soul（渔人和他的灵魂） The star-child（星孩）
• His imprisonment indicates the end of the Aesthetic
奥斯卡王尔德 19世纪英国作家的才华与悲剧
奥斯卡王尔德 19世纪英国作家的才华与悲剧奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪英国著名的作家、剧作家、评论家和演讲家。
他以他的才华和幽默著称，但也承受了巨大的悲剧。
这篇文章将介绍奥斯卡·王尔德的文学才华以及他生命中的悲剧。
奥斯卡·王尔德出生于1854年，他在爱尔兰度过了他的童年和少年时光。
他在都柏林的一所贵族学校接受了良好的教育，并且在三一学院读书期间表现出非凡的才华。
他在剑桥大学学习期间写了一些杰出的诗歌，这些作品引起了文学界的注意。
1880年代初，奥斯卡·王尔德搬到了伦敦，并开始涉足戏剧界。
他的剧作展示了他的才华和幽默，其中最著名的作品包括《道林·格雷的画像》和《温夫人的扇子》。
这些作品展示了王尔德的锐利洞察力和对社会的嘲讽，使他成为了当时最受欢迎的剧作家之一。
然而，正当奥斯卡·王尔德的事业达到巅峰时，他的生活却陷入了悲剧。
1895年，他与男爵阿尔弗雷德·道格拉斯（Alfred Douglas）之间的同性恋关系曝光，这在当时被视为严重的罪行。
王尔德被判入狱两年，他的名声遭受了严重的损害，而他的身体也在狱中受到摧残。
出狱后，奥斯卡·王尔德变得疲惫和失望。
他离开了英国前往法国，希望能够重新开始。
然而，他的健康状况逐渐恶化，并于1900年在贫困中去世。
尽管他的生活走向了悲剧的结局，但奥斯卡·王尔德的才华和影响力仍然在文学界存留至今。
王尔德的作品继续在读者和观众中产生影响。
他的幽默和机智语言的运用使他的作品独特而独立。
他对道德和社会观念的挑战，以及对人性和爱情的深入洞察，使他的作品超越了时代的限制。
尽管他的生活充满了悲剧，奥斯卡·王尔德的才华使他成为19世纪英国文学的瑰宝。
他的作品和影响力在他的时代和今天仍然是不可磨灭的。
他的故事也提醒着我们要珍惜才华，尊重和理解不同的观念，以及对待他人和自己的选择保持宽容和尊重。
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小说：《道林·格雷的画像》
他的第一本小说《道林· 格雷的画像》发表于1891 年，小说创作的契机缘于王尔德有天拜访了一位名老 画家，画家的男模特长得很年轻漂亮，于是王尔德忍 不住感叹：“可惜了，这样美丽的生物，还是有衰老 的一天。”画家答道：是啊，如果能让画中的他代替 他老去就好了。”后来王尔德便创作了小说《道林· 格 雷的画像》，王尔德为了感谢这位画家，斯坦斯·劳埃德 （Constance Lloyd）恋爱成婚， 并生两子。 王尔德是一个同性恋，他的第一个 男性情人叫罗伯特·罗比·罗斯 （Robert ‘Robbie’ Ross），第 二个叫道格拉斯，也因为他，王尔 德的后半生也发生了悲剧的转折。
1855年，由于道格拉斯的父 亲对王尔德的控诉，王尔德 被判有罪，在监狱服了两年 苦役。这两年，他停止了戏 剧创作，在狱中写下了诗作 《瑞丁监狱之歌》和书信集 《深渊书简》。在这两部作 品中，他的风格发生了转变， 已很难寻得唯美主义的影响。
目 录
作者 生平
作品 简介
人物 影响
奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde，1854~1900）。 19世纪出生在爱尔兰,最伟大 的作家与艺术家之一，以其 剧作、诗歌、童话和小说闻 名。
唯美主义代表人物，19世纪 80年代美学运动的主力和90 年代颓废派运动的先驱。
在出版首本《诗集》后，他在文 坛开始崭露头角，并来到伦敦发 展。虽然当时他还没有获得一个 文学奖项，但是服装惹眼、谈吐 机智、特立独行的他在伦敦社交 界已经小有名气。 1878年，王尔德在牛津就读的最 后一年极为风光，不但学业成绩 名列前茅，也以诗作《拉芬纳》 赢得校内一项诗歌比赛。得奖的 诗作由学校出资付梓，成为王尔 德第一本出版的作品。
王尔德对唯美主义的探求，无论是他的主张还
是他的个性或者作品都是充满魅力的，他拓展
了美的领域和艺术表现的范围，提高了艺术表
现的能力，为艺术发展提供了若干可资后人借
鉴和研究的新经验，新因素，这也未尝不是艺
术上的一种有益的探索和进步。
他被誉为“才子和戏剧家”。 最体现王尔德才华的，不是童 话，也不是短篇小说，而是 《道连· 格雷的画像》长篇小 说，以及《温德米尔夫人的扇 子》《莎乐美》等戏剧作品， 其戏剧作品堪称一时之绝唱。 建立起以享乐主义为基础的唯 美主义思想，并成为英国唯美 主义的代表人物。
他在《道林· 格雷的画像》的 序言和论文集《意图》中系 统阐述“为艺术而艺术”的 美学观点，认为作品的价值 在于艺术形式的完美，而与 社会伦理道德无关。后接连 发表风俗喜剧《理想的丈夫》 （1898）等，演出后颇受欢 迎。1895年《认真的重要》 被认为是他的代表剧作。
戏剧写作特点：
王尔德在戏剧中取得的伟大成就在于戏剧对话中的
语言，每个词汇都值得推敲。他诙谐的语言揭示了
上层社会的腐朽与混乱。很多名言警句甚至来自于 一些负面角色，这使得对话显得更加有趣，也使得 人物塑造更加丰满而真实。正是修辞手法的运用使 得王尔德的戏剧意味深长，流芳百世。
对王尔德来说， 矛盾修辞充分体现了他诙谐的 语言风格。他把一对语意相反、相对立的词放 在一起使用，借此表达较为复杂的思想感情或 说明一些意味深长的哲理。 王尔德的戏剧中使用了大量的头韵，对照也是 王尔德常用的一种技巧。通过使用对照，王尔 德的语言更加流利，角色更加鲜明，本质更加 突出。
诗作：《诗集》
《瑞丁监狱之歌》 《斯芬克斯》 剧本： 《薇拉》 《温德密尔夫人的扇子》 《莎乐美》 《无足轻重的女人》 《认真的重要性》 《理想的丈夫》又译《好丈夫》
童话集：《快乐王子》
《少年国王》
《夜莺与玫瑰》《 西班牙公主的生日》
《自私的巨人》《渔人和他的灵魂》
《忠实的朋友》《 星孩》 《了不起的火箭》