2013欧洲文化入门试卷A
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案
欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 B.C.7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodotus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece答： 1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks mea nt only the adult male citizens.2） Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy.论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writingin Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he wentand conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 B.C., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?答： There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greek culturein Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fettersofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Iri shman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Roman culture? 答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background?答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 B.C., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions,it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium.Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story abo ut God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis,Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by handby the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. It tells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity?答： Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions.1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible?答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition,which was done in 385-405 A.D. By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. It was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷ in 1539 t o be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influential of English Bible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version, first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition of the Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible?答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding— a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors were founded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith？答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe wasa Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades?答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West.And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resulted in renewing people’s interest in learning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was thecombination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovation by introducing into the native alliterativeverse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Medieval times?1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churches of the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors, with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’ daily life and almost everyone became a member of theChurch. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating ancient books, the Church Fathers’ philosophy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or The Anglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes DonQuixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther 名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. Th e word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues. 3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over the church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance?答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South America as a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture?答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to pay a good amount of their gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture?答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Francis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. Tomas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. Bourgeoisie Revolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best repr esentative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals.This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times?答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics, owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes. 2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There was a profound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century？答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began to take shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system?答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from thegeneral to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law?答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract?1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the ma jority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the AmericanRevolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to thesovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hobbes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.B. Secondly, Hobbes argued that individuals surrender their rights to one man, the sovereign whose power is absolute.Locke argued that the individuals surrender their rights to the community as a whole. According to him, by majority vote a representative is chosen, but his power not absolute. If he fails to implement the people’s will, the people have the right to overthrow him.4. What is the great significance of the English Revolution?1、It was the first time that capitalism has defeated absolute monarchy in history.2、The English Revolution marked that the modern times are approaching.3、After the English Revolution the constitutional monarchy has come into being as well as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Right established the supremacy of the Parliament and put an end to divine monarchy in England. The Bill of Rights limited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions.6. What are the characteristics of French classicism?1) In the French classical literature, man was viewed as a social being consciously and willingly subject to discipline.2) Rationalism was believed to be able to discover the best principles of human conduct and the universal principles of natural laws. Here Descartes provided the philosophical foundation for the French neoclassicism.3) French classicism was fond of using classical forms, classical themes and values.第六章填空题：1. ________was the first of the great French men of letters associated with the Enlightenment Montesquieu。
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课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”byDante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and madeChristianity legal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from centralAsia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and thecenter of trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the goldencity which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.A. MilanB. FlorenceC. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaningyield beauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had greatimpact on world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid innight.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in Englandand with ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importanceto ________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain andemotional upheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, andI will move the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations,works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)21.St.Jerome [ ] (a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer [ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the4th century B.C.in Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years? the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial traditionin western art?IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)41.Athens’democrach42.Beowulf43.John Locke44.OdysseyV.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程《欧洲文化入门》答案Ⅰ.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, DⅡ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30jⅢ.31.The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and theStoics.33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.35.people of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into threeclasses:clergy,lords and peasants.36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christainpilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,butby“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from thecollective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher,whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home islandof Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over theforces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately beblended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particularfacts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.。
《欧洲文化入门》试卷
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山东农业大学考试专用
Part III: Answer the following two questions briefly: (10 points) 1. What are the three main elements of Marxism and what are their main sources? 2. What do you think are the major influences of the Bible and the Greco-Roman Culture on European Culture?
4. Name at least six important figures during the time of Romanticism in Europe and their works (masterpiece) or their contributions to culture. (6 points)
means only the adult __________citizens. 4. Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have become the world’s _____________ sports competition. 5. Oedipus the king has a perfect plot. It is the story of a man who unknowingly committed terrible sin.
自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》
课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”byDante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all andmade Christianity legal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe fromcentral Asia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation andthe center of trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was thegolden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.A. MilanB. FlorenceC. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning andmeaning yield beauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has hadgreat impact on world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid innight.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon inEngland and with ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached greatimportance to ________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and othersubjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from painand emotional upheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand,and I will move the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that thesun, not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists ofa list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names oforganizations, works or remarks in the right hand column and put the numbera orb orc etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)(a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer [ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each) 31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two majorones?32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other inthe 4th Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly dividedinto?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years? the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorialtradition in western art?IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)41.Athens’democrach42.Beowulf43.John Locke44.OdysseyV.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method(推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程《欧洲文化入门》答案Ⅰ.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, DⅡ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30jⅢ.31.The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and theStoics.33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.35.people of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into threeclasses:clergy,lords and peasants.36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing manyChristain pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the wholepeople”,but by“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father. 42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from thecollective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting witha fire dragon.43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding politicalphilosopher, whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home islandof Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery overthe forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimatelybe blended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning fromparticular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.。
欧洲入门文化试题及答案
欧洲入门文化试题及答案A myth is ___.选项:A、an accepted narrativeB、 an oral literary work traditionally acceptedC、 a traditionD、 a retelling学员答案:B题号:2 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Common types of myths exclude___.选项:A、cosmic mythsB、 myths of the godsC、 myths of heroesD、 myths of mortals学员答案:D题号:3 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Myths____.选项:A、are all religiousB、 all explain the interaction of divine and human worldsC、explain the origin of man and natureD、 are all ture学员答案:C题号:4 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The ancient Greeks___. 选项:A、learned myths from RomeB、 firmly believed myths to be trueC、 wrote many mythsD、 learned myths from China 学员答案:B题号:5 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The early Hebrews___.选项:A、concentrated on the role of a supreme godB、 believed in only one godC、 worshipped all the divine charactersD、 followed the practice of the Greeks 学员答案:A题号:6 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The early Christians were against ___. 选项:A、Greek cultureB、 Roman cultureC、 Hebrew culureD、 pagan culture学员答案:D题号:7 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___. 选项:A、predominatedB、 were dominantC、 were interpreted allegoricallyD、 were even more popular 学员答案:C题号:8 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___. 选项:A、served as sources of inspiration for artistic creationB、 enjoyed new colorsC、 were more poeticD、 became more imaginative学员答案:A题号:9 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____.选项:A、new religionsB、 rationalityC、 allegorical interpretation of mythsD、 the study of myths 学员答案:B题号:10 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.选项:A、geographicalB、 historicalC、 scientificD、 practical学员答案:C题号:11 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___. 选项:A、life and deathB、 nature and cultureC、 self and societyD、 the content of the narratives学员答案:D题号:12 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.选项:A、all parts of the worldB、 AsiaC、 the AmericasD、 Africa学员答案:A题号:13 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Greek mythology reflects the following except_____ . 选项:A、how the Greeks perceived natural forcesB、how the Greeks idealized human powersC、 how the Greeks understood Nature as being powerfulD、 how the Greeks interpreted the world as being orderly 学员答案:D题号:14 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.选项:A、something can be produced from nothingB、 ancient Greece was a matriarchal societyC、 communal marriage was prevalent in Ancient GreeceD、 farming was the mode of productionin Ancient Greece 学员答案:A题号:15 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ___________. 选项:A、the matriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceB、 thepatriarchal social system in Ancient Greece C、 the communal marriage in the primitive society D、 the communal structure in the primitive society 学员答案:C题号:16 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __.选项:A、the RomansB、 the JewsC、 the ChristiansD、 the Muslims学员答案:A题号:17 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as _________.选项:A、beings with human emotions who lived above usB、 beings with human emotions who lived among usC、 dominating figures with super-physical powersD、 dominating figures with super-natural influence 学员答案:B题号:18 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures.选项:A、the godsB、 the devilsC、 the mortalsD、 the heroes学员答案:B题号:19 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The images of gods in Greek mythology are_________. 选项:A、as dominating as that of Christian GodB、 as emotional as that of the Christian GodC、 as emotional as those of humansD、 as horrible as those of monsters学员答案:C题号:20 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things.选项:A、ZeusB、 JupiterC、 CronusD、 Chaos学员答案:D题号:21 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which is not true in the following about Zeus?选项:A、He established a new regime of godsB、 He made war on his fatherC、 He ruled the seaD、 He made war on the Titans 学员答案:C题号:22 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which is not true in the following about the Titans?选项:A、They were the Children of ZeusB、 They were strong and largeC、They personified natureD、 Cronus was among them 学员答案:A题号:23 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians选项:A、tenB、 twelveC、 fifteenD、 twenty学员答案:B题号:24 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which is not true in the following about the disruptive deities?选项:A、They were in fact monstersB、 They were powerfulC、 They were in fact mortalsD、 They looked part human and part animal 学员答案:C题号:25 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in theTrojan war.选项:A、son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyB、 King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyC、 son of Greek king, abducted Helen, a Trojan beautyD、 King of Greek, abducted Helen, a Trojan beauty 学员答案:A题号:26 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____ 选项:A、fought against the magic goddessB、 married the daughter of the rulerC、 fought against a dragon that never sleptD、 fell in love with the daughter of the ruler 学员答案:C题号:27 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.选项:A、was a Greek prince whoB、 was a Trojan prince whoC、 was a Greek hero whoD、 was a Trojan hero who学员答案:C题号:28 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.选项:A、life and deathB、 love and hatredC、 man and natureD、 civilization and wild savagery 学员答案:D题号:29 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:No hero of Greek mythology has proved more fascinating than Oedipus for __.选项:A、he fulfilled the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his motherB、 he was abandoned by his parentsC、 he was reared by a shepherdD、 he survived学员答案:A题号:30 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.选项:A、somewhat realisticB、 somewhat idealizedC、 strongly realisticD、 strongly idealized学员答案:D题号:31 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The Greeks modeled relationships between ___.选项:A、men and women on those between immortalsB、 men on those between godsC、 man and nature on those between godsD、 gods on those between mortals 学员答案:D题号:32 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?选项:A、They represented a kind of bridge between gods and mortalsB、 They never dieC、 They got gods' favorD、 They had some defect to balance out their power学员答案:B题号:33 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universe to_____ .选项:A、PandoraB、 ZeusC、 ChaosD、 Cronus学员答案:C题号:34 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up thepower.选项:A、PandoraB、 ZeusC、 ChaosD、 Cronus学员答案:B题号:35 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to releasethe plagues into the world.选项:A、PandoraB、 ZeusC、 ChaosD、 Cronus学员答案:A题号:36 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is not shared by Eve in Bible and Pandora in Greek myths?选项:A、Being the first womanB、 Being curiousC、 Being put at the root of all evilD、 Being turned from immortal to mortal 学员答案:D题号:37 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except___.选项:A、social questionsB、 the limits of honorC、 the mysterious outer spaceD、 mental contradictions and ambiguities 学员答案:C题号:38 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:By myths the Greeks could do the following except____.选项:A、justifying their actionsB、 acquiring more powerC、 acquiring extra authorityD、 replacing the roles of gods 学员答案:D题号:39 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Scholars believe that Greek mythology__. 选项:A、influenced cultures in the Middle EastB、 was influenced by cultures in the Middle EastC、 affected African culturesD、 was affected by African cultures 学员答案:B题号:40 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology?选项:A、Written textsB、 SculptureC、 Painted ceramicsD、 Guesswork学员答案:D题号:41 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_.选项:A、literatureB、 architectureC、 musicD、 art学员答案:B题号:42 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___.选项:A、originB、 sourceC、 subjectD、 example学员答案:C题号:43 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is not true about the Greeks? 选项:A、They produced their sacred written text like the BibleB、 They recognized no single truthC、 They believed no single codeD、 They had various beliefs学员答案:A题号:44 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?选项:A、A city-state devoted itself to a particular godB、 A god's characteristics may vary from one city to anotherC、 The Greeks honored the city's gods every dayD、 Temples were built in honor of gods学员答案:C题号:45 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Greek gods resembled human beings in the following aspects except ___.选项:A、formB、 emotionsC、 authorityD、 being immortal学员答案:D题号:46 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?选项:A、They were immortalB、 They retain power after death to influence the lives of the livingC、 They were also mortalD、 They had exceptional power 学员答案:A题号:47 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Early Romans regarded their gods as__.选项:A、personsB、 powers as well as personsC、 powersD、 powerful persons学员答案:C题号:48 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Roman mythology is actually___. 选项:A、of Greek cultureB、 not purely RomanC、 from African cultureD、 of Asian nature学员答案:B题号:49 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.选项:A、before the 6th century BCB、 before coming into contact with Greek cultureC、 after conquering GreeceD、 after coming into contact with foreign culture学员答案:D题号:50 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___. 选项:A、lived about three centuries before Christ was bornB、 created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythologyC、 introduced the names of Greek gods into Roman cultureD、 introduced the functions of Greek gods into Roman culture 学员答案:B题号:51 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Our knowledge about Roman mythology comes mostly from the following except__.选项:A、the works of Greek writersB、 the works of Roman writersC、 the surviving works of ancient artD、 the study of ancient ruins学员答案:A题号:52 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is not true about the ancient Romans? 选项:A、They believed gods made their successB、 They sought the favor of the right god for a certain important matterC、 They believed a god is almightyD、 They held many public festivals to honor their gods 学员答案:C题号:53 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Roman mythology involved____.选项:A、the founding of all citiesB、 the founding of RomeC、 the creation of the worldD、 one story of the founding of Rome学员答案:B题号:54 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:In the story of the founding of Rome,the twins Romulus and Remus were____.选项:A、the sons of a god and a womanB、 the sons of a god and a goddessC、 set floating on the river to die by their uncleD、 to be drowned by their uncle学员答案:A题号:55 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The twins Romulus and Remus were lucky enough to ___. 选项:A、be found first by a shepherdB、 survive a female wolfC、 be saved by a shepherd from the mouth of a wolfD、 be saved and cared for by a she-wolf 学员答案:D题号:56 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Romulus and Remus decided to found a city of their own when___.选项:A、they came to the throneB、 their father returned to his throneC、 their grandfather returned to his throneD、 their father passed away学员答案:C题号:57 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:In the tale of Aeneas concerning Rome's founding, Aeneas ____.选项:A、was the son of a god and a goddessB、 came from the city of TroyC、 was the son of the Trojan prince and a womanD、 came from Greece学员答案:B题号:58 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is not true about the experience of Aeneas?选项:A、He was the leader of Trojan soldiersB、 Dido, Queen of Carthage fell in love with himC、 He surrived the Trojan warD、 He arrived in Italy with Dido 学员答案:D题号:59 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:According to Roman mythology, the Romans originated from___.选项:A、Asia MinorB、 North AfricaC、 TurkeyD、 Persia学员答案:A题号:60 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:In Virgil's Aeneid, Aeneas married the princess of a kingdom that occupied the futureland of Rome, which made him__. 选项:A、the father of Romulus and RemusB、 the grandfather of Romulus and RemusC、 a direct ancestor of the RomansD、 a native Roman 学员答案:C题号:61 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:In Virgil's Aeneid, the image of Jupiter was __. 选项:A、as important as ZeusB、 amazing and slightly frighteningC、 as amazing and slightly frightening as ZeusD、 frightening and unsatisfied学员答案:B题号:62 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:In Virgil's Aeneid,Juno was described as ___. 选项:A、the wife of Zeus in Greek mythologyB、 the wife of Jupiter in Greek mythologyC、 Jupiter's mortal wifeD、 being vividly angry学员答案:D题号:63 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The Birth of Venus, created in the Renaissance,was a painting ____.选项:A、inspired by Virgil's vivid descriptionsB、 inspiring to Greek writersC、 inspired by Ovid's vivid descriptionsD、 inspiring to Roman writers学员答案:C题号:64 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is true about early Romans' understanding of gods?选项:A、Gods were powerful but formlessB、 Gods may take human formC、 Gods may take animal formD、 Gods would be powerful when being formless学员答案:A题号:65 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:To the early Romans, gods were__ . 选项:A、human forcesB、 holy forcesC、 mental forcesD、 animal forces学员答案:B题号:66 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Early Romans began to build temples for their gods as__.选项:A、170 years before the city was foundedB、 170 years after the city was foundedC、 in the 6th century BCD、 before they represented them in human form 学员答案:C题号:67 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Early Romans associated their gods with_. 选项:A、animalsB、 humansC、 plantsD、 particular places学员答案:D题号:68 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is not true about the religious practices of the early Romans?选项:A、They cared about the human characters of godsB、 Gods controlled their lifeC、 They cared about the functions of godsD、 Their devoted their routines to gods学员答案:A题号:69 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:___was named after the god of beginning. 选项:A、DecemberB、 JanuaryC、 FebruaryD、 March学员答案:B题号:70 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The Greek equivalent of Jupiter was __. 选项:A、CronusB、 ApolloC、 ZeusD、 Titan学员答案:C题号:71 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Jupiter was not the god of __.选项:A、rainB、 thunderC、 lightningD、 fire学员答案:D题号:72 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is true about the function of Jupiter?选项:A、the protector of the Roman stateB、 the protector of agricultureC、 the protector of life and propertyD、 the protector of farmers' fields 学员答案:A题号:73 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Romans adopted Jupiter___ as the focus of state religious practice.选项:A、who was a native godB、 in the 6th century BCC、 from Greek cultureD、 from the culture of Asia Minor 学员答案:B题号:74 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Major changes in Roman religious life were due to___.选项:A、Greek cultural invasionB、 cultural invasion from the eastern Mediterranean Sea regionC、 expansion of Roman influenceD、 the founding of the Roman Republic 学员答案:C题号:75 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following does not cause foreign gods to find their way into Rome?选项:A、Roman expandedB、 Rome became the international commercial centreC、 Rome was the political centreD、 Roman used to be the religious centre 学员答案:D题号:76 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is not true about the Roman ruler, Julius Caesar?选项:A、He had republic idealsB、 He treated himself as of holy positionC、 He declared himself ruler for lifeD、 He was killed by citizens who were unhappy with his rule学员答案:A题号:77 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following was not true about the early Christians?选项:A、They defied the Roman political authoritiesB、 They disliked emperors with holy honorsC、 They banned paganismD、 They suffered religious persecution 学员答案:C题号:78 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Roman religious practices reflected__ among the Roman people.选项:A、the needs of a commercial societyB、 the needs of a farming societyC、 the concerns of cultural expansionD、 the concerns ofterritorial expansion 学员答案:B题号:79 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following statements is true with Jupiter?选项:A、He was a go-betweenB、 He was a matchmakerC、 He was the god of loveD、 He was the ruler of gods学员答案:D题号:80 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is true with the early Romans' understanding of their gods?选项:A、Gods were in human formsB、 Gods were in animal formsC、 Gods were associated more with particular placesD、 Gods were associated with any animated objects 学员答案:C题号:81 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Until the 6th century BC with the influence of the Greeks, Roman gods were _______.选项:A、groundlessB、 formlessC、 senselessD、 meaningless学员答案:B题号:82 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:January, the first month of the year, was named for ______.选项:A、the Roman god of beginningsB、 the Roman god of protectionC、 the Roman god of private lifeD、 the Roman god of public life学员答案:A题号:83 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:More and more foreign gods found their way into the Roman culture with Roman expansionbecause ________.选项:A、Rome became an international cultural centerB、 Rome became an international religious centerC、 Rome became an international political centerD、 Rome became an international trading center 学员答案:D题号:84 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is not true about Emperor Constantine the Great?选项:A、He supported ChristianityB、 He officially banned the practice of paganismC、 He was converted to ChristianityD、 He was the first emperor who believed in Christianity 学员答案:B题号:85 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The idea of regarding emperors as gods __ in the first century of the Roman Empire.选项:A、beganB、 became popularC、 was laughed atD、 ended学员答案:C题号:86 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:By the end of the 4th century, __.选项:A、Christianity became the only official religionB、 Roman gods were forgottenC、 Jupiter gave way to ZeusD、 Jupiter disappeared from Roman mythology 学员答案:A题号:87 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which one of the following serves as the cause of the other facts?选项:A、Sacrifice to the emperor was requiredB、 There was a symbol of devotionC、 Emperors enjoyed almost unlimited powerD、 Emperors accepted holy honors eventually 学员答案:C题号:88 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is true about the domestic gods in Roman mythology?选项:A、Each house had a godB、 Each part of a house had a god associated with itC、 Every family had a godD、 Every house had a god associated with it 学员答案: B题号:89 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The Romans worshipped domestic gods__. 选项:A、in festivalsB、 on holidaysC、 dailyD、 weekly学员答案:C题号:90 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The Romans were_____their gods. 选项:A、confident ofB、 proud ofC、 charmed byD、 devoted to学员答案:D题号:91 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is not true about the Romans' religious practice?选项:A、They sacrificed any animal available to the godB、 They sacrificed a pig to the godC、 They sacrificed a sheep to the godD、 They sacrificed a bull to the god 学员答案:A题号:92 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is not true about the Romans in their religious practice?选项:A、They cared about the health of the familyB、 They cared about their harvestC、 They cared about the afterlifeD、 They cared about the health of the cattle 学员答案:C题号:93 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:At the birth of a child, the Romans made efforts to ___.选项:A、invite gods to drive away wild beastsB、 keep away ghosts of the fieldsC、 drive away wild beastsD、 keep away monsters from the fields 学员答案:B题号:94 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Which of the following is not true about the practice of a Roman boy at puberty?选项:A、He developed secondary sex characteristicsB、 He put aside the protective jewelry of childhoodC、 He took off his boyhood garmentD、 He put on the manhood garment学员答案:A题号:95 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:Face covering worn by a Roman bride suggests that__.选项:A、She would leave her father's homeB、 She would go to her husband's homeC、 She needed protectionD、 She was too shy to be exposed to the public学员答案:C题号:96 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:A Roman dead body was to be removed out of the house feet-first ___.选项:A、for comfortB、 to scare the ghost of the dead awayC、 for convenienceD、 to discourage wilder spirits of the fields from entering the house学员答案:B题号:97 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The history of Ancient Greece dates ___. 选项:A、back to 3000 BCB、 back to 753 BCC、 back to 509 BCD、 back to 27BC学员答案:A题号:98 题型:单选题本题分数:1内容:The history of Ancient Rome dates ____. 选项:A、back to 3000 BCB、 back to 753 BCC、 back to 509 BCD、 back to 27BC 学员答案:B题号:99 题型:单选题本题分数:1 内容:The history of Roman Republic dates__.选项:A、back to 3000 BCB、 back to 753 BCC、 back to 509 BCD、 back to 27BC 学员答案:C题号:100 题型:单选题本题分数:1 内容:The history of Roman Empire dates__.选项:A、back to 3000 BCB、 back to 753 BCC、 back to 509 BCD、 back to 27BC 学员答案:D。
欧洲入门文化(300题)
欧洲文化入门1．第1题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture? CC.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day2．第2题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the_C__.C.Acts of the Apostles3．第3题The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ____C_______.C.the communal marriage in the primitive society4．第4题The ancient Greeks__B_.B.firmly believed myths to be true5．第5题According to Greek mythology, __A_ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora6．第6题According to Greek myths about creation, _D___was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos7．第7题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power. B.Zeus8．第8题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.AA.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;9．第13题The Spanish monarchy was __.AA.set up by the Christians10．第14题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.DD.spoke for the nobles11．第23题Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?D.The Bible in English began to spread in England12．第24题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from __B_.B.the Greek text13．第25题The kingdom of God refers to_B_. B.the rule of God14．第26题According to the New Testament the Christian church _C_.C.spoke more of salvation15．第27题The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__. B.turned into a siege of a Christian city16．第32题On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians.B.twelve17．第34题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except_C__.C.the mysterious outer space18．第35题The name Jesus suggests__.BB.that God saves us from sin19．第36题The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as ____B_____.B.beings with human emotions who lived among us20．第37题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___A.all parts of the world21．第38题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible22．第39题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who23．第40题In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creation24．第41题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___. B.the Greek text25．第42题The early Christians were against ___. D.pagan culture26．第43题According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A.something can be produced from nothing27．第44题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels? C.He was the presence of God in the world28．第45题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God29．第46题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God30．第47题It was ____who unified England for the first time.D.King Alfred and his successors31．第48题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance32．第49题In the Carolingian time popes__.B.were regarded as models of piety33．第50题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity34．第67题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?B.They never die35．第68题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes? A.They were immortal36．第69题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.D.after coming into contact with foreign culture37．第70题Which is not true in the following about the disruptive deities?C.They were in fact mortals38．第71题Myths____. C.explain the origin of man and nature39．第72题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __. A.the Romans40．第73题Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology? D.Guesswork41．第74题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?rC.He ruled the sea42．第75题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology43．第76题The King James version of the Bible __.pleted in the 17 century44．第77题Which of the following is Not true about the king Herod?C.He killed all the boys where Jesus lived45．第78题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament? B.the human persons46．第79题Which of the following is Not true about Jesus?B.His real father was Joseph47．第80题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes48．第81题Before the First Crusade, Jews__. C.were forced into the cities 49．第82题Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.B.the shortage of food supply50．第83题Romanesque style appeared_. A.earlier than Gothic style51．第9题The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular. T52．第10题The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books. T53．第11题Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses. F54．第12题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East. F55．第15题The books of Deuteronomy recorded Israel's whole history. T56．第16题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world. F57．第17题In the prophetic literature narratives predominate. F58．第18题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems.F59．第19题That the Roman Empire grew too large to control and to resist foreign invasions is the leading factor that contributed to the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west. T60．第20题Saints were considered as models of virtue.T61．第21题The Germans by no means traded with the Romans.F62．第22题The West featured unproductive land.T63．第28题Many scholars claim that much of the cultural dynamism of the Renaissance also had its roots in medieval times and that changes were rather abrupt than progressive. F64．第29题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages.您的答案：错误65．第30题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today.T66．第31题Renaissance humanists believed it was possible to improve human society through classical education.T67．第33题People in the early Middle Ages by no means cared about local leaders.您的答案：错误68．第51题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew.F69．第52题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths.F70．第53题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin.F71．第54题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature.T72．第55题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.F73．第56题Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place,practice or name.T74．第57题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death.F 75．第58题Jesus lived in the early 1st century.T76．第59题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine.F77．第60题The word renaissance means "renewal".F78．第61题Prosperous trading society is common to Byzantium, Islam and the West.您的答案：错误79．第62题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life.F80．第63题Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples.F81．第64题Participants in the Renaissance came to the conclusion that their own commercial achievements rivaled those of antiquity.F82．第65题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确83．第66题Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries F84．第84题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin. F85．第85题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. T86．第86题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. T87．第87题According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers would struggle against God. T88．第88题The Christian Bible is made up of the Old Testament and the New Testament.您的答案：错误89．第89题That different from other creatures, man is a unity of physical matter andlife is one of the major theological themes of the Old Testament. F90．第90题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis.F 91．第91题The period of transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages is often called the Late Antiquity.T92．第92题There were schools and universities located in city cathedrals in the Central Middle Ages.T93．第93题The common features of the Byzantine, Islam and the west are depopulated cities, unproductive land and fragmented power. F94．第94题Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the Romans. T95．第95题The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretationof Christianity. F96．第96题The Crusades by no means strengthened Byzantium. T97．第97题By any means, the Renaissance represents a change in focus and emphasis from the Middle Ages. T98．第98题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages. T99．第99题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T100．第100题By 750 the Muslims had subdued Turkey. F二1．第1题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___. C.subject2．第2题Herod was the king who was___ B.jealous of Jesus3．第3题Myths____. C.explain the origin of man and nature4．第4题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who5．第5题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beauty6．第6题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme god7．第7题Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universeto_____ . C.Chaos8．第8题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __. A.the Romans9．第9题Which of the following is not shared by Eve in Bible and Pandora in Greek myths? D.Being turned from immortal to mortal10．第10题The early Christians were against ___. D.pagan culture11．第11题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology12．第12题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.C.Acts of the Apostles13．第13题Greek mythology reflects the following except_____ .D.how the Greeks interpreted the world as being orderly14．第14题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.D.civilization and wild savagery15．第15题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament? C.the Holy Spirit16．第16题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God17．第17题The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__.B.turned into a siege of a Christian city18．第18题Black Death caused __.C.more harm in the cities19．第19题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.D.spoke for the nobles20．第21题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.C.fought against a dragon that never slept21．第22题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings22．第23题The kingdom of God refers to__. B.the rule of God23．第24题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all24．第25题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians25．第26题The First Crusade was important because __.C.it was the first example of European expansionism26．第51题In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___.C.were interpreted allegorically27．第52题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora28．第53题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.B.was influenced by cultures in the Middle East29．第54题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_. B.architecture30．第55题The name Jesus suggests__. B.that God saves us from sin31．第56题In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____. B.rationality 32．第57题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.D.strongly idealized33．第58题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___. C.scientific 34．第59题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament? B.the human persons35．第60题The ancient Greeks___.B.firmly believed myths to be true36．第61题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos37．第62题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?A.They were immortal38．第63题Roman mythology is actually___. B.not purely Roman39．第64题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes40．第65题Jews in the cities were good at__. A.doing business41．第66题The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.B.make the church completely independent from the emperors42．第67题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity43．第81题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power. B.Zeus44．第82题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of Zeus45．第83题The continuity of the New Testament with the Old is best shown in ___.A.its teaching about God46．第84题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God47．第85题Monasteries were made rich by__. D.the kings and nobles48．第86题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance49．第87题In the Carolingian time popes__. B.were regarded as models of piety 50．第100题By myths the Greeks could do the following except____.D.replacing the roles of gods51．第20题Observing Sunday as a holy day is not included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament. F52．第27题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin. F53．第28题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths. F54．第29题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. F55．第30题The Old Testament is a collection of books recording oral traditions in the Near East. T56．第31题In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions. T57．第32题In the transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages political and religious change occurred at the same time. T58．第33题The term Middle Ages was invented by people today. F59．第34题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine. F60．第35题The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages. T 61．第36题The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretationof Christianity. F62．第37题The Germans in Late Antiquity shared with the Romans culturally. F 63．第38题Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world today. T64．第39题The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people. F65．第40题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. F66．第41题The Protestant version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible only. T7．第42题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. F 68．第43题There were schools and universities located in city cathedrals in the Central Middle Ages. TUnlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution. F70．第45题The West featured unproductive land. T71．第46题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life. F72．第47题By any means, the Renaissance represents a change in focus and emphasis from the Middle Ages. T73．第48题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确74．第49题Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries F75．第50题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T76．第68题The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books. T77．第69题Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches. F78．第70题Many books in the Old Testament are narratives because they report the events in the past. T79．第71题Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place, practice or name. T80．第72题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems. T 81．第73题Jesus lived in the early 1st century. T82．第74题The West grew gradually independent of the papal control in the Late Middle Ages. T83．第75题The word renaissance originated in the belief that Europeans had rediscovered the superiority of Greek and Roman culture after many centuries of what they considered intellectual and cultural decline.您的答案：正确84．第76题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God. FParticipants in the Renaissance studied the great civilizations of ancient Israel and Greece. F86．第78题The Renaissance had enough unique qualities to justify considering it as a separate period of history. T87．第79题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today. T88．第80题People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time. F89．第88题Prose is not the literary form found in the Old Testament. T90．第89题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. T91．第90题The book of Genesis is composed of many individual stories. T92．第91题The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. F 93．第92题Most of the prophetic books are Hebrew narratives in form. F94．第93题That the Roman Empire grew too large to control and to resist foreign invasions is the leading factor that contributed to the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west. T95．第94题Charlemagne’ empire was as large as the powerful Roman Empire. F 96．第95题Belief in the harmony between spiritual and worldly things is true of Byzantium, Islam, and the West. T97．第96题Byzantium was defeated by the Persians. F98．第97题Monks then by no means gave up material comfort. F99．第98题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages.您的答案：错误100．第99题Constantine the Great declared Christianity as the only religion. F三1．第1题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.D.after coming into contact with foreign culture2．第2题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?C.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day3．第3题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.A.all parts of the world4．第4题___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures. B.the devils5．第5题A myth is ___. B.an oral literary work traditionally accepted 6．第6题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.D.strongly idealized7．第7题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels?C.He was the presence of God in the world8．第8题1066 marked the__. B.Norman Conquer of England9．第9题Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.B.the shortage of food supply10．第10题On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians.B.twelve11．第11题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except___. C.the mysterious outer space12．第12题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who13．第13题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beauty14．第14题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology15．第15题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.D.civilization and wild savagery16．第16题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;17．第17题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___.B.the Greek text18．第18题The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.B.make the church completely independent from the emperors19．第28题According to the New Testament the Christian church __.B.spoke more of the kingdom of God20．第29题Jews in the cities were good at__. A.doing business21．第30题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity22．第41题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?B.They never die23．第42题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?C.He ruled the sea24．第43题Early Romans regarded their gods as__. C.powers25．第44题The ancient Greeks___. B.firmly believed myths to be true26．第45题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme god27．第46题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.C.fought against a dragon that never slept28．第47题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings29．第48题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes30．第49题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians31．第57题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible32．第58题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos33．第59题Common types of myths exclude___. D.myths of mortals34．第63题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of Zeus35．第64题The King James version of the Bible __.pleted in the 17 century36．第65题The kingdom of God refers to__. B.the rule of God37．第66题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.C.the Hebrew text38．第67题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance39．第68题In the 13th century, many schools _.B.gave way to universities40．第79题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___. C.subject41．第80题The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___.D.the content of the narratives42．第81题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.B.was influenced by cultures in the Middle East43．第82题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_. B.architecture44．第83题No hero of Greek mythology has proved more fascinating than Oedipus for __.A.he fulfilled the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his mother 45．第84题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.C.scientific46．第85题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___. B.the Greek text47．第86题Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___. B.a luck48．第87题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all49．第88题Black Death caused __. C.more harm in the cities50．第89题Jews in the cities were__. D.persecuted by Christians51．第19题The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people. F52．第20题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East. F53．第21题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews. F54．第22题The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history. T55．第23题The apocalyptic writings arose in Israel after the Egyptian Captivity of the Jews. F56．第24题Renaissance classical education relied on teachings from ancient texts and emphasized a range of disciplines, including electronics, electricity, physiology, and philosophy. F57．第25题Byzantium was defeated by the Persians. F58．第26题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages. T59．第27题Christians considered pagan gods supernatural. F60．第31题The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws T.61．第32题The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. F 62．第33题Early Christians regarded the New Testament as an agreement God made with Adam and Eve. F63．第34题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis. F 64．第35题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. F65．第36题The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages. T 66．第37题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life. F67．第38题The pope & the Byzantine church began their conflict in AD 1054. F 68．第39题Monks then by no means gave up material comfort. F69．第40题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today. T70．第50题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew. F71．第51题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. T72．第52题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature. T73．第53题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world. F74．第54题According to the Old Testament, Moses was a prophet. T75．第55题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems. F 76．第56题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine. F77．第60题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God. F78．第61题Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world today. T79．第62题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T80．第69题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths. F81．第70题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. F82．第71题。
欧洲文化入门1-5章复习题
Division OneI.有可能出的填空，选择题及判断题的内容:.1.European Culture is composed of _____________ and_____________________ as two major elements.2.Greek culture reached its high point of development/climax in __________ (century).3.All Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, Kingof Macedon in _________(century).4.In _______, the Romans conquered Greece.5.Homer wrote __________ and _____________, twofamous epics.6.______________ is called “Father of History” in GreekCulture, who wrote the wars between ____________ and________________________.7.The famous writer who wrote comedy in Greek culture isnamed ______________.8.“The great historian that ever lived” is said to praise_____________________(name).9.The Dialectal Method is put forward by___________.10.Academy was established by ______________________,whose philosophy is called ____________________.11.Lyceum was established by _______________.12.Leader of the Cynics is ____________________, and“cynic” means _____________.13.The most important thing in life to the Stoics is_________________.14.Elements, a textbook of geometry, was written by___________.15.The famous temples in ancient Greece are____________________ and ______________.16.The Romans enjoyed two hundred years of peaceful time,known as ________________.17.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved thecapital from Rome to Byzantium, renamed it ____________________(modern _____________).18.After 395, the Roman Empire was divided into_____________ and _________.19.The East Roman Empire fell to the ___________ in 1453.20.“I came, I saw, I conquered” was written by_________________.21.Two famous representatives of Roman architecture are________________ and _________________________.22.________ said, “Captive Greece took her rude conquerorcaptive”.23.Greek Culture has exerted great, positive influence on thelater-on literature, such as Shelly’s ______________ and Byron’s ___________________.24.The languages that were spoken by Greeks and Romansbelong to ___________________(哪个语系).25.The Roman Law, to some extent, protected the rights of______________.26.With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, there came______________(什么时代) lasting one thousand years.27._____________’s (whose) “Prometheus Bound”is aparody adapted by _______________ (he wrote “Prometheus Unbound”).28.Freud put forward _________________ based on thework, “Oedipus the King ” written by _____________. 29.The _________ was one of the similarities shared byGreeks and Romans as far as politics is concerned.30.__________’s (whose) political speeches and discoursesare the model of Latin diction.31.The largest amphitheatre in ancient Rome is known as______________.32.________ established the atomic theory.33.________ believed fire to be the primary element of theuniverse.34.________ established the dialectical method.35.________ was the founder of scientific mathematics.36.The humanistic ideas can be traced back to ___(the nameof a philosopher).37.“The master of those who know” was written by Dante topraise ___________ (the name of a philosopher).38.Zeno的介绍II.名词解释democracy of ancient Greece Pax Romana Doric StyleIonic Style the Sophists the Cynics the Scepticsthe Epicureans the Stoics Academy LyceumIII.简答与论述题：1．三种问法：What is the limitation of “Democracy” in ancientGreece?How do you understan d “Democracy” in ancientGreece?What is the difference between “Democracy” in ancientGreece and modern democracy?2.How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?3.How did the ancient Greek philosophy develop?4.How did the ancient Greek science develop?5.What is the difference between Plato and Aristotle interms of their philosophical ideas?Or What is the difference between Plato and Aristotle interms of their philosophical system?6.What is the great significance of Greek Culture on thelater-on cultural development?Or What positive influence did the Greek Culture exerton the world civilization?7.What are difference and similarity between Greekculture and Roman culture?8.How did Roman culture originate and develop?9.How was Roman Empire disintegrated?10.What styles can Greek architecture be classified into?Or How does Greek architecture take different styles?11.Explain Pax Romana.12.What contribution did the Roman make to the rule oflaw?Division TwoI.special Terms Explanation:the Hebrews the Old Testament the New TestamentPentateuch Genesis Exodus Prophets the Book ofDaniel the Historical BookII.有可能出填空，选择题及判断题的内容：1.Judaism and Christianity are closely related because__________________________________.2.The ancestors of the Jews are ________________, whichmeans ___________ in English.3.The history of the Hebrew people is recorded in__________________ of the Bible.4.The Hebrew people came to settle down in Palestine, knownas _____________ at the time.5.The Old Testament is about_____________________, and“Testament” means _______________________________.6.The New Testament is about _______________________.7.The oldest and most important part of the Old Testament iscalled _______________ or ____________.8.It was ______________ who brought Hebrew people safelyback to Palestine.9.It was ______________who united Hebrews.10.It was ______________who had Jerusalem established aspolitical and religious capital.11.The former church in 6th century B.C. is called_______________.12.Pentateuch is also called __________________.13._______________ made Christianity legal, as he issued_____________________ in 313.14.In 392, Emperor _______________made Christianity officialreligion.15.By 300, each local church is called ______________with itsfulltime leader, known as _____________________.16.Several parishes were grounded together into a large unitcalled _______________, which were headed by a_____________.17.The Last Supper is recorded in __________________, andwas put into painting by __________________.18.The Cruxifixion is recorded in _____________________.19.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament isknown as _________________.20.The most extant Latin version of the whole Bible is_______________________ which became the official Bibleof the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.21.The first English version of the whole Bible was translatedby _________________.22.The most important and influential of English Bible is_______________ or _______________________________.23._____________________ and _______________________are called two great reservoirs of Modern English.24.The development of system of landed nobles is recorded in_________________ of the Old Testament.25._________________ deals with the history of the Hebrewpeople from their entry into Palestine around 1200B.C. tillthe fall of Palestine into hands of Assyrians and Chaldeans in586 B.C.26.The New Testament contains _______ (how many) accountswhich tell about the beginning of Christianity.III.论述题：1．三种问法：How did Christianity come into being and develop inEurope?How did Christianity become the official religion ofRoman Empire?How did the relations between Christians and theRoman government change?2．What are the different translation editions of the Bible?3．Why do we say the Bible has shaped western culture more decisively than anything else ever written?4．What are the great influences that the English Bible has on the American and British literature?Division ThreeI.Special Terms Explanation:Age of Faith Feudalism Manor/castle Code of ChivalryMonasticism The Crusades Carolingian RenaissanceScholasticism National Epics Vernacular LanguageGothic Architectural Style the Canterbury TalesII.有可能出选择题，填空与判断题的内容：1．The Middle Ages is also called______________________, __________________ and ____________________________.(考试中，会任选其中一种说法作为选择题来考) 2．The Middle Ages is the period in which three cultures were merged: _____________________, _________________and_____________________________, respectively referring to_____________________________, ____________________and _____________________________.3．Western Roman Empire was overthrown in __________(year).4．__________________(who) gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their services in 732.5．____________________ (who) can be vassals.6．____________________ (when) was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in western Europe.7．People in the western Europe in the Middle Ages were divided into three classes: _____________, _______________ and_________________________.8．Between ______________ century and ________________ century, western Europe was the scene of frequent wars. 9．Feudalism comes from the Latin word, ________________, which means ______________________ in Latin. 10．Knight trained for war by fighting each other in mock battles called ____________________.11．Roger Bacon was one of the earliest advocates of _________________, calling for _________________ and_________________.12．_____________(which tribe) swept into Europe from central Asia in the latter part of fourth century, robbing and killing alarge number of the half civilized Germanic tribes. 13．Those who devoted their lands to large-land owners in return for protection, but still had their own freedom were called________________.14．Those who came form cities or towns and devoted their freedom to large-land owners in return for protection werecalled ________________.15．Roman Catholic Church was divided into five classes: _____________, ________________, ______________,_________________ and __________________.16．Opus Maius was written by _____________________. 17．In Roman Catholic Church, “Catholic” means ____________. 18．The monk, St. Benedict founded _______________________ in about 529 A.D.19．In the Middle Ages, the Church even set up their own court called _____________________________.20．In the National Epics, vernacular languages meant _____________________________ with representative works:____________________in early English and _____________in early French.21．In the Divine Comedy, Dante expressed ________________ ideas and foreshadowed the spirit of _________________. 22．Chaucer was regarded as the first _________________ and the first _____________________ with his famous work_____________________, as the representative of______________(英语的哪个发展时期)23. In 1054, Christianity was divided into _____________and___________________________.24．The Middle Ages is a transitional period between ___________ times and ____________.25. The ceremony to grant the title “knight” is called ___________.26. ________________ translated the Old and New Testamentsfrom Hebrew and Greek originals into Latin. His translationwork, _______________, became the official Latin Bible usedby Roman Catholic Church of this day.27. “The Confession” and “the City of the God” were written by___________________.28. Since _____________ (哪个历史事件)，Arabic numerals andalgebra were introduced into Europe.29. The mock battles for knight training are known as __________.30. ___________ paved the way for Modern English.31. The language used by Chaucer was _________________.III.间答与论述题：1．Why is the Middle Ages called Age of Faith?Or Why do we say the Middle Ages is a religious age?2．How did feudalism derive and develop in the Middle Ages?Or How did feudalism establish its firm ruling position in Europe?3．What is the great power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Middle Ages?4．What positive influence does the Crusades exert on the European Culture?Or What is the great significance of the Crusades?5. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?6.How did literature develop in the Middle Ages?7.What is the importance of using vernacular languages in theMedieval Time?8.What is the difference between the vernacular languagesused in the National Epics during the Middle Ages and thevernacular language used by Mark Twain?9.What was the merit shared by Charlemagne and Alfred theGreat?10.How did the English Language develop and what is therepresentation of each stage?Or What stages did the English Language undergo?11.Why do we say using of vernacular languages in the MiddleAges signifies a transition?Division FourI.Special Terms Explanation:Renaissance Renaissance Art ReformationCounter-Reformation Calvinism the JesuitsProtestantismII.有可能出填空，选择与判断题的内容：1.During Renaissance, humanist thinkers and scholarsintroduced new ideas that expressed the interests of__________________.2.Renaissance stared in ___________ and ______________with the flowering of painting, sculpture and architecture.3.At the heart of Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of_____________________which is also the core ofhumanism.4.Many of Petrarch’s ________________ are written for Laura.5.The most representative painter of humanism was________________________ with his famous painting work____________________ and _______________.6.The statesman, ____________________ of Italy in theRenaissance period has greatly influenced the politicalscience in the west, called “Father of Western PoliticalScience”.7.Under the reign of ______________________, Englishbegan to embark on the road to colonization and foreign control that was to take it onto its heyday of capitalist development.8.________________ is the birth place of Renaissance.9.Madonna was _______________ (什么性质的油画)，paintedby _________________.10.Man with the Glove was painted by __________________.11.Calvinism insisted on constructing a type of governmentknown as ______________________________.12.After Reformation, in England a new form of church wasestablished known as _______________ or _____________.13.During Counter-Reformation, __________________(教派名称) was devoted to defending the Roman Catholic Church with its head, _____________________(首领名字).14.______________ stressed hard work and thrifty way of life.15.Montaigne was a French humanist known for his___________.16.The representative author of Renaissance in Spain was______________________ with his famous literary work, _____________________ with which the European novel entered a new stage17.The most representative author and humanist duringRenaissance in England was ________________________, and his four great tragedies are respectively ____________________,________________________,______________________and______________________ 18.Columbus was the discoverer of ____________________in1492.19.______________ discovered the Cape of Good Hope in1487.20.______________ discovered the route to India round theCape of Good Hope between 1497 and 1498.21.America was named in ______________(whose) honor.22.__________________________put forward revolutionaryideas in astronomy during the Middle Ages, and his theorywas __________________________ proved later by_______________________and _______________________in 17th century.23.As you like it and Twelfth Night are two comedies written by________________.24.The idea that only those specially elected by God are savedwas advocated by ___________(school).25.It was during the reign of _________(whom) that the EnglishBible was adopted by the Church of England.26.The idea that the Bible was the supreme authority and manwas only bound to the law of the world of the God was putforward by _____________(whom).27.During Renaissance, __________(whom) preached in CzechLanguage.28.During Renaissance, With the reign of ___________(whom)England began to embark on the road to _____________ andforeign control.29.William Shakespeare, _________________, Thomas Moreand __________________ were humanist scholars duringRenaissance.30.David is a sculpture done by _____________.III.论述题：1．Why did Renaissance first begin in Italy?2．Why did Renaissance decline in Italy in the end?3.What is Renaissance Art ? What are the characteristicsand features of Renaissance Art?4.How did Reformation develop? (即：发展的四个阶段)5.How did capitalism come into being and develop?Or What are the propositions for Capitalism to rise?6.What is the great significance of Reformation?What are the great influences of Reformation?7.Why did England come later than other countries duringthe Renaissance but reach its climax in England? In whatway was English Renaissance different from that of othercountries?8.What type of culture did Renaissance create?9.What is the great significance of Reformation?10.What are the great geographical discoveries (or ofnavigation) in the Middle Ages?11.From what was the English essay derived?Division FiveI.Special Terms Explanation:Francis Bacon’s practical philosophyDeductive methodInductive methodThe Great InstaurationThomas Hobbes’ Social ContractJohn Lock’s Social Contractthe Natural State of Warthe Laws of NatureThe English Revolution (the English Bourgeoisie Revolution)Descartes’ Theory of KnowledgeDescartes’ DualismFrench ClassicismBaroque ArtII.有可能出填空，选择题与判断题的内容：1．_______________ century was the transitional period fromthe Middle Ages to the Modern Times.2. The Modern World begins in __________(century).3. ________________ and _________________proved thatCopernicus’ heliocentric theory is t rue.4. There is the first breakthrough in __________and________________ in the 17th century.5. There was a profound change in the conception of men’splace in the universe in ___________(century).6. _________ looks at men’s position in the universe in a newway.7. Kepler was well known for his discovery of ___________.8. Newton discovered the theory of _________________, and he also invented the method called ___________________.9. ____________ distinguishes three levels of understanding: _______________, _____________________ and _______ _________________.6. ____________________ psychology and ______________ physics originated from Leibniz.7. In December, 1689, __________________________ was enacted by the English Parliament.8. After the English Revolution, _____________________(制度) was established in the Great Britain.9. The event that took place in 1688 in the Great Britain was called ________________.10.The men of the action and the leader in the English Revolution were _____________ and _____________, and the man of thought with his famous literary work _______.11. ____________________ was the representative author of French Classicism.12.The representative painter of Baroque Art was __________ with his famous painting work _______________________ and _____________________.13. ____________________ was the representative painter of Dutch Protestant Art.14. The law of falling bodies is established by __________.15.The importance of acceleration in dynamics is discoveredby ___________.16.__________ sated that there should be a common poweror a government backed by force able to punish.17. __________ believed that government was not createdby God, but by men themselves.18. _________ believed that sensation and reflection makeup experience.19. Paradise Lost was written by ____________, who wasthe man of ___________ in the English Revolution. 20. The Calling of St. Mathew and The Cardsharps werepainted by ______________, which belong to _________________(哪种艺术流派).21. “I doubt, therefore I think: I think, therefore I am.” wasput forward by ______________, which belongs to _______________________(什么理论).22. Both idealism and materialism are included in _______’_______________(谁的，什么理论).23. By the end of 16th century, _______________ had spreadto England. As a result, _______________was staredin England.III.论述题：1.Why do we say the 17th century was a transitional periodfrom the Middle Ages to the Modern World?2.How did science develop in the 17th century?3.What are the two merits shared by the Great Scientists of the17th century?What are the similarities among the 17th -century scientists?4.What is Baconian Materialism?5.What is the difference between Thomas Hobbes and JohnLock in terms of their social contract?6.How many stages did the English Revolution undergo?7.What is the great significance of the English Revolution?8.What is French Classicism? What are the characteristics?9.How did Lock justify rebellion against government?10. What are the causes of the English Revolution?。
《欧洲文化入门》复习题
《欧洲文化入门》复习题I. Complete each of following sentences with the most likely answer. (考30题，每题1分)1.In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B. C.D. The 5th century2.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon againstthe city of Troy?A. Oedipus the KingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone3.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus theKing5.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras6.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of allthings”?A. ProtagorasB. PythagorasC. PyrrhonD. Epicurus11.Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. VirgilD. Marcus TulliusCicero12.The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is___________.A. VirgilB. Julius CaesarC. HoraceD. Lucretius13.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A. The ColosseumB. The PanthenonC. The ParthenonD. Pont du Gard14.Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”?A. SapphoB. PlatoC. VirgilD. Horace15.Which of the following is by far the most influential in theWest?_______A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD.Judaism16.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most importantof which are the first five books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch19.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD.third20.Which of the following emperors made Christianity the officialreligion of the empire and outlawed all other religions? __________A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. NeroCaesar21.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and madeChristianity legal in 313? __________A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. ConstantineI22.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of_________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. JohnWycliff23.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in_________languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 15424.When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bibl e was thefirst complete work printed.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD.Hebrew25.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear?_______A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 197927.The Middle Ages is also called the _________.A. “Age of Christianity”B. “Age ofLiterature”C. “Age of Holy Spirit”D. “Age of Faith”28.According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledgedto do for a knight? _______A. To be loyal to his lordB. To fight for thechurchC. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of noble birth29.When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe?_______A. At the age of 14.B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners andran errands for the ladies.C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D. When he was pledged to fight for the church.30.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of westernEurope?________A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs31.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian strongholdand won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________A. 1270B. 1254C. 1096D. 129137.Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by thePope in 800? ______A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James38.Who is the author of the Opus Maius? ________A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas Aquinas41.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD.Moses42.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD.Giorgione43.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of themodern mode of painting? _______A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD.Michelangelo44.Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for hisMadona (Virgin Mary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael45.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Biblewith Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________A. TempestaB. Sacred and Profane LoveC. Flight into EgyptD. The Return of theHunters52.Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which hepraises the greatness of man, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning? _______A.Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia53.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanistideas and a style which is easy and familiar? ________A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance54.Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD.Montaigne55.In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the NewTestament?_________A. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El GrecoD.Rabelais58.The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is _______?A. KeplerB. CopernicusC. GalileoD. Newton59.Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17th century. Histelescope magnified objects _______.A. a thousand timesB. a hundred timesC. ten-thousand timesD. five-hundred times60.Engels said: “The revolutionary act by which natural science declaredits independence… was the publication of the immortal work…”, what does the immortal work refer to ?_______A. Sidereus NunciusB. New Eassays Concerning Human UnderstandingC. New system of NatureD. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs65. ________ and Newton invented independently the differential and integral calculus.A. DescartesB. CopernicusC. LeibnizD. Kepler66.Which of the following works was not written by Francis Bacon? ________A. Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingB. The Novum Organum (New Method)C. The New AtlantisD. The Advancement of Learning67.Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish bynature? _______A. John LockeB. DescartesC. Pierre GassendiD. Thomas Hobbes68.In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decreere-imposing complete censorship of the press. This was his best known prose ______.A. AndromaqueB. AreopagiticaC. Paradise LostD. Paradise Regained69.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Bill of Rights whichlimited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions?________A. Parliament was responsible for all the law making.B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declaredto be illegal.C. The King should levy no money at any time.D. The King should not keep a standing army in time of peace withoutconsent of Parliament.78.Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque styleto its climax? ______A. RubensB. BorrominiC. CaravaggioD. Bernini79.Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style toNorth Europe? ______A. RubensB. VelazquezC. BorrominiD. Bernini80.In painting of the 17th century, who won international fame and his styleis basically classical, his figures are frozen and their action stiff?_____A. Christopher WrenB. RembrandtC. PoussinD. Rubbens II. Fill in the following blanks. （考10空，每空1分）1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elementsare considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus,Sophocles, and Euripides.3.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to havetold the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”4.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rometo Byzantium, renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).5.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation ofRoman.6.Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianityis by far the most influential in the West.7.The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts:the Old Testament and the New Testament.8.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall ofthe West Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.9.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church,to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.10.Under feudalism, people of Western Europe were mainly divided intothree classes: clergy, lords and peasants.11.To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ageswent on journeys to sacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem.12.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originatingfrom the collective efforts of oral literature.13.Loenardo da Vinci’s major works: Last Supper is the most famous ofreligious pictures; Mona Lisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.14.The Reformation led by Martin Luther which swept over the whole ofEurope was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible.15.Cervantes crowned literature of Spain and Shakespeare of Englandduring the Renaissance.16.The Puritan Movement was the religious cause of the English Revolution.17.Corneille, Racine, and Moliere are the three major dramatists of theFrench neoclassicism in the 17th century.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.（考10题，每题1分）1.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “ man is the measureof all things.” F2.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.T3.Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920. F4.Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commerciallaw in many Western countries. T5.The Romans greatly admired Greek works and freely borrowed from them.And besides being profound, powerful and beautiful, their own writings showed little originality. F6.After 392 A.D., Christianity had changed from an object of oppressionto a weapon in the hands of the ruling class to crush their opponents.T7.The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really anencyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds. T8.The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, the New Testamentin a popular form of Latin. F9.During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep theorder. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was feudalism.F10.Some of the hermits were great scholars known as “ Father of theChurch”, whose work is generally considered orthodox. T11.Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancienttimes and eventually was crowned “ Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800. F12.Where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, inFrance it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.T13. After Reformation, in religion, Protestantism brought into beingdifferent forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church. T14.The Cartesian doubt is summarized in his motto: “ I doubt, thereforeI th ink: I think , therefore I am.” T15.Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by dramaticintensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color. F16.The designing and building of St. Paul’s Cathedral is the landmarkin French architecture. F17.The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozartare known as the Viennese School. F18.The representatives of the Later Romantics in music are Berlioz, Liszt,Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky. T19.As Isaac Newton dominated 17th-century science with his discovery ofthe laws governing the bodies of the universe, so Charles Darwin dominated 18th-centuryscience, for he discovered the laws governing the evolution of man himself. F20.Black humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragicthings. Man’s fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can’t do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh. FIV. Explain the following terms in English. （考3个名词，每词10分）1.Humanism ---Broadly, this term suggests any attitude, which tends to exalt the human element or stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the supernatural, divine element—or as opposed to the grosser, animal elements. In a more specific sense, humanism suggests a devotion to those studies supposed to promote human culture most effectively—in particular, those dealing with the life, thought, language and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. In literary of classical culture that accompanied the Renaissance.2.Enlightenment ---The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectual classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century. It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by church or State. Therefore, the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason.3.Neo-classicism ---It was initiated by Dryden, culminated in Pope and continued by Johnson. Neo-classicists modeled themselves on classical, ancient Greek and Latin authors. They wanted to achieve perfect form in literature. They general tended to look at social and political life critically. They emphasize on intellect rather than imagination. They observed fixed laws and rules in literary creation. Poets preferred heroic couplet. In drama, they adhered to three unities, time, place and action. They emphasized on the didactic function of literature.4. Calvinism ---The French theologian put his thoughts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which was known as Calvinism. Calvinism rejected the papal authorities and stressed the absolute authority of God' s will, holding that only those specially elected by God are saved. It also held that any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation whereas ceaseless work could be a sign of salvation. Many historians havesuggested that Calvinism helped to pave the way for Capitalism.5. Reformation ---It was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It was led by Martin Luther and swept over the whole of Europe. This movement was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The Reformers believed in direct communication between the individual and God, engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues, urged the Church to have institutional reforms and were interested in liberating national economy and politics from the interference of the Roman Catholic Church and carrying out wars in the interests of the peasants and revolution in the interests of the bourgeoisie. The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow and shattered Medieval Church's stifling control over man, thus paving the way for capitalism.V. Write on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. （20分）It is said that the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anything else ever written. Do you agree with this statement? Please give your own reasons.(1) Yes, I agree with the statement. (2’)(2) Introduction to the Bible. (8’)(3) Bible’s significant place in Western culture. (10’)。
王佐良《欧洲文化入门》章节题库(中世纪时代)【圣才出品】
第3章中世纪时代一、选择题1. Socrates was _____.A. the teacher of AristotleB. the student of PlatoC. the teacher of PlatoD. the student of Aristotle【答案】C【解析】苏格拉底是柏拉图的老师。
2. One of the contributions the Romans made to European culture was _____.A. the Roman empireB. the slave systemC. the production of the great epic writerD. the Roman law【答案】D【解析】罗马人对欧洲文化所做的贡献之一是罗马法律。
3. The Book of Daniel describes _____.A. the struggle of the Jews against the Syrian ruleB. the prisoners in BabylonC. the story of Noah’s ArkD. the rule of King Solomon【答案】A【解析】《丹尼尔之书》描述了犹太人为反抗叙利亚人的统治而进行的斗争。
4. The Old Testament was originally written in _____.A. HebrewB. Aramaic dialectC. GreekD. Latin【答案】A【解析】旧约原著于希伯来地区。
5. Which of the following is not included in the Code of Chivalry?A. Loyalty to his lord.B. Fighting for the church.C. Protection of the people.D. Respect for women of noble birth.【答案】C【解析】骑士精神包括：忠于领主，为教会而战，尊重身份高贵的女士。
欧洲文化考试大题题目及答案13年
考试题型：Part I Multiple Choice (30 points)Part II Match the items (20 points)Part III Explaining ((15 points, 3 items)50 words1)Oedipus the King 俄狄浦斯王Oedipus the King is an Athenian tragedy by Sophocles. It was first performed in 429 BCE. It says the story of Oedipus, a man who becomes the king of Thebes. And Oedipus was doomed to murder his father Laius and marry his mother Jocasta when he was born. The play is an example of a classic tragedy.2)Ten CommandmentsTen Commandments, also known as the Decalogue, are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship. They play a fundamental role in Judaism, Islam and Christianity. They include instructions to worship only God and to keep the Sabbath （守安息日）, and bans against idolatry, blasphemy, murder, theft, dishonesty, and adultery. Different groups follow slightly different traditions for them.3)Magna Carter(the Great Charter)King John’s rule caused much dissatisfaction among the barons男爵. In 1215, he was forced to sign a document, known as Magna Carter, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties, its spirit was the limitation of the king’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.4)CrusadesIn 1071, Palestine巴勒斯坦国fell to the armies of the Turkish Moslems. The Turkish Moslem穆斯林attacked the Christian pilgrims朝圣者, killed them and sold them as slaves. This resulted in a series of holy wars圣战called crusades十字军东征.The crusades went on about 200 years(1096—1291). All the soldiers wore a red cross asa symbol of obedience to god. By 1291, the Moslem won the crusades.5)Bill of rights人权法案In 1789, James Madison詹姆斯·麦迪逊（美国前总统）introduced in the House of Representatives a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification批准. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and the first ten amendments to the constitution宪法修正案were called the Bills of Rights because they were to insure individual liberties.6)The ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted his 95 thesis on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church天主教堂and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The Bible from then on are translated the into different mother tongues.Part IV Short-answer Questions (20 points, 2 questions)80 words,1). Outline the main differences in the constitutions of Sparta and Athens Sparta: absolute obedience to the state1. oldest constitution, never changed.2. based on military军事的 principle.3. ruled by council理事会of elderly men, five magistrates,地方法官two hereditary kings世袭的国王;4. totalitarian极权主义者, boys and young men separate from families until thirty.5. vote only given to suitable men.6. class based society-helots or slaves terrorized奴隶恐吓, no coinage货币, no Spartan 斯巴达人 engaged in trade, farm, all arts forbidden.Athens: freedom and voluntary participation自愿参与 in the state1. constitution developed over 300 years through aristocracy贵族统治,oligarchy寡头政治, tyranny暴政, to full democracy民主政治 by mid-5th century2. underlying潜在的 belief in personal freedom3. all males had vote4. assembly of citizens 大会made decisions5. public offices, including juries陪审团, decided by lot.6. generals appointed 将军任命7. ostracism放逐to banish a person for ten years2). In what important ways was Aristotle different from Plato?(1) Aristotle emphasized direct observation of nature and insisted that theory should follow fact. Different from Aristotle, Plato relied on subjective thinking.(2) He thought that “idea” and matter together made concrete individual realities in which he differed from Plato who held that ideas had higher reality than the political world. His significant works includes: Ethics伦理学, Politics政治学 and Rhetoric修辞.(3)Their goals are vastly different. Plato uses his argument to refute those who would argue that injustice is beneficial and to set up his model city. Aristotle, on the other hand, uses his argument to directly set up a method for achieving the final good.3). Give a summary of Roman law and its influenceRoman law is the legal system of ancient Rome. The emperor Justinian I ordered to establish this law. And the legal developments lasted for more than a thousand years. It was created from the Twelve Tables (c. 439 BC) to the Corpus Juris Civilis (AD 529)The historical importance of Roman law is that it continued using Latin as legal terminology in legal systems. Roman law had a considerable influence on the development of later legal systems, particularly in Europe. Originally, it was the common law, that is, unwritten law, in the Roman Empire.4). Please summarize John Lock’s major ideas about the mind and government.His major ideal about the mind is that we enter the world with no preformed ideals. Information from the sensations (taste, touch, smell, hearing and vision) fills the mind, and from these perceptions humans eventually learn language,a sense of order and from rationality合理性.His major ideal about the government is that government and authority lay in the community not in an individual. Like Hobbes霍布斯, he rejected divine right, but, unlike Hobbes, he believed that all humans beings were equal. Authority is there to protect human equality, freedom, and property.Part V Report (15 points)1). What are the major contributions of Ancient Greeks?Ancient Greece was the source of Western history, lasted about 650 years (800 BC -146 BC).And especially after the Persian War, highly prosperous繁荣的economic life results in the splendid Greek culture. And it has a deep effect on future generations. The ancient Greeks owned deep knowledge of philosophy, history, architecture, literature, theater, sculpture雕塑, and many. The heritage传统of civilization leaved after the ancient Romans died out and becomes the spiritual source of the whole Western civilization. There are many philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Thales, Cicero and so on. The biggest contribution should be the impact of the political system. Ancient Greece is the birthplace of democracy民主主义. The beginning of the 5th century BC, the economic and political contradiction between the Greek and Persian波斯人causes Persian War. The Greeks won a great victory. Athens became chief. Thereafter, it’s economy and politics grows prosperous繁荣的. It also ushered开辟in the golden age of ancient Greek literature.2).What is Renaissance? Please introduce the background, the major theme and some influential thinkers, writers or artists at that time.Renaissance is a humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century .And it later spread throughout Europe. The period of this revival is roughly from the 14th to the 16th century, marking the transition from the middle ages to modern times.The background of Renaissance is that Capitalism sprouts and it requests its own ideology and culture. What’s more,the theology of church imprisons people's thoughts.The major theme of Renaissance is Humanism. People argued that man should be given full freedom to enrich their emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church. In art and literature, instead of singing praise to God, they sang in praise of man and of the pursuit of happiness in this life.The influential people are Dante, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Leonardo Da Vinci,Raphael Cenci, Michelangelo Bo that Rorty and so on.。
王佐良《欧洲文化入门》章节题库(文艺复兴与宗教改革)【圣才出品】
第4章文艺复兴与宗教改革一、选择题1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. The great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.【答案】B【解析】斯多葛学派的创立人是Zeno.2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire?A. The Roman Empire had never been divided.B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century.【答案】B【解析】罗马帝国于公元395年分裂为东罗马和西罗马。
3. The Bible has been regarded as _____.A. a religious bookB. literatureC. record of great mindsD. all of the above【答案】D【解析】圣经既是文学著作，又是宗教书籍和伟人智慧的记录。
4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as _____.A. a loosely organized religious institutionB. a highly centralized European organizationC. a highly centralized and disciplined international organizationD. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization. 【答案】C【解析】天主教是高度集中和严格的国际组织。
2013年秋季欧洲文化入门(古代时期)
单选题第1题(4.0) 分Major changes in Roman religious life were mainly a result of _____.A、foreign cultural invasionB、trade and commerceC、territorial expansion of RomeD、interest in spiritual matters第2题(4.0) 分Which description of Greek democracy of the Archaic Period is not true?A、It began as an expanded version of oligarchy.B、It is the same with modern democracy.C、It ensured an easier coexistence between different classes.D、Solon’s reforms laid the foundation for the Athenian democracy.第3题(4.0) 分Which description of the Hellenistic civilization is incorrect?A、It was a cosmopolitan and open culture.B、It was a mixture of Greek and Oriental cultures.C、It helped to popularize Greek thinking and life styles.D、Its commercial, cultural and intellectual centre was Athens.第4题(4.0) 分The following descriptions of the second Greco-Persian War are true EXCEPT for _____.A、The Persian army was led by Xerxes I, who was Darius son.B、All Greek city-states united to counter the Persian invasion.C、The Greek army was greatly outnumbered by the Persian army.D、The Greek army won a decisive victory in the straits between Athens and Salamis.第5题(4.0) 分Which one of the following statements about the condition of the Jews during the Roman time was NOT true?A、In 64 B.C. Pompey conquered Judea and turned it into a Roman province.B、The Jews had to pay heavy tax, but they enjoyed limited self-rule.C、Faced with Roman persecution, the Jews had to worship the Roman emperors as gods.D、The Jewish people hoped for salvation led by a prophet.第6题(4.0) 分Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exception?A、Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.B、Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th century.C、Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.D、It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought new life to Christianity.第7题(1.0) 分Whose power was gradually reduced in the process of Athenian political reforms?A、People’s AssemblyB、People’s CourtC、Council of citizensD、Council of nobles第8题(1.0) 分Constantine the Great declared __.A、Christianity as the only religionB、toleration for all religionsC、the end of Imperial CultD、paganism illegal第9题(1.0) 分All land in Sumer belonged to _____.A、the kingsB、godsC、the noblesD、free farmers第10题(1.0) 分Which one does not belong to the Bronze Age civilizations of ancient Greece?A、Cycladic civilizationB、Helladic civilizationC、Hellenistic civilizationD、Minoan civilization第11题(1.0) 分Which of the following is NOT true about Emperor Constantine the Great?A、He concentrated power in his own hands.B、He made Christianity the state religion.C、He abandoned Rome as the imperial capital.D、He tolerated all religions in the Roman Empire.第12题(1.0) 分The economic success of the early Roman Empire was mainly achieved by _____.A、small farmersB、slavesC、serfsD、Roman legions第13题(1.0) 分The largest and most famous of all Hellenistic cities is ____.A、AthensB、SpartaC、AlexandriaD、Thebes第14题(1.0) 分Which of the following statements about ancient Greek sculpture is NOT true?A、The beauty of human form was the most important subject.B、The archaic Greek artists created two sculptural human forms, the kouros and kore.C、The classical Greek sculptors represented human body less naturally or relaxed.D、The Hellenistic Greek sculptors liked to represent extreme emotions in the human face and figure.第15题(1.0) 分Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainly used in mainland Greece?A、DoricB、IonicC、CorinthianD、Composite第16题(1.0) 分Jesus lived in the __.A、early 1st centuryB、late 1st centuryC、early 2nd centuryD、late 2nd century第17题(1.0) 分Christians considered pagan gods_____.A、as demonsB、as humansC、incredibleD、supernatural第18题(1.0) 分_____ is the longest river in the world.A、The TigrisB、The AmazonC、The Mississippi第19题(1.0) 分The Roman Republic was founded in _____.A、509 B.C.B、471 B.C.C、445 B.C.D、367 B.C.第20题(1.0) 分The ancient Egyptians divided a year into ___ seasons.A、2B、3C、4D、5第21题(1.0) 分Which one does NOT indicate that Euripides was the most revolutionary dramatist in ancient Greece?A、His creation of less heroic and more realistic characters.B、His sharp criticism of conventional values.C、His view of the human soul as a place where opposing forces struggle.D、His use of graceful language and perfect form.第22题(1.0) 分The poetic creation of _____ glorifies Rome’s conquests and achievements.A、Virgil (70-19 B.C.)B、Horace (65-8 B.C.)C、Ovid (43 B.C.-17 A.D.)D、Juvenal (55-130 A.D.)第23题(1.0) 分Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.A、suppressed by the RomansB、eliminated by the RomansC、welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the RomansD、driven by the Romans to settle in depopulated areas.第24题(1.0) 分Starting from the reign of which Roman emperor such jobs as bakery and military service became hereditary?A、OctavianB、DiocletianC、ConstantineD、Theodosius第25题(1.0) 分Who is usually regarded as the “father of history”?A、HerodotusB、ThucydidesC、XenophonD、Polybius第26题(1.0) 分Which of the following was NOT true about the early Christians?A、They defied the Roman political authoritiesB、They accepted the idea that emperors were divine.C、They banned paganismD、They suffered religious persecution第27题(1.0) 分Christianity originated from__.A、TurkeyB、PalestineC、North AfricaD、the Western Europe第28题(1.0) 分Of the following philosophical schools, which one had perhaps the greatest influence on Roman laws and government?A、EpicureanismB、StoicismC、CynicismD、Neo- Platonism第29题(1.0) 分The wheel was invented by ancient ________.A、EgyptiansB、IndiansC、GreeksD、Sumerians第30题(1.0) 分All of the following Roman officers were produced by election EXCEPT ____.A、consulB、dictatorC、tribuneD、magistrate第31题(1.0) 分The ethnic origin of Jesus was ____.A、GreekB、RomanC、HebrewD、European第32题(1.0) 分Which one of the following groups of people did not speak the Semitic language?A、HebrewsB、ArabsC、SumeriansD、Babylonians第33题(4.0) 分Epicureanism and Stoicism are similar in the following ways except for____.A、Both were concerned with the good of the individual.B、Both were idealistic in world view.C、Both believed that reason is the key to solution of social problems.D、Both thought highly of the peace of mind.第34题(1.0) 分Who replaced the Council of 400 with the Council of 500?A、SolonB、PeisistratusC、CleisthenesD、Pericles第35题(1.0) 分In the first Greco-Persian War, Greek army defeated the Persian forces and won a smashing victory in the battle of ____.A、ThermopylaeB、MarathonC、SalamisD、Plataea第36题(4.0) 分Which one of the following statements about Judaism is NOT true?A、Judaism was the earliest monotheism in the ancient Near East.B、Judaism began with the covenant between God and Abraham.C、The Ten Commandants are a set of moral laws given to the Israel (Jacob) by God.第37题(4.0) 分The Roman expansion had many consequences EXCEPT ______.A、Rome became the hegemony in the Mediterranean region.B、economic gains for all RomansC、social conflicts and slave uprisingsD、increased political power for military commanders第38题(4.0) 分Which one is NOT the aftermath of the Peloponnesian Wars?A、In Athens, democracies collapsed and the empire crumbled.B、Many city-states rebelled against the imperialistic rule of the Athens.C、In Sparta, class conflict became severer and traditional virtues were corrupted.D、There were constant clashes between different city-states.第39题(4.0) 分The government of the Roman Republic included all of the following branches EXCEPT ______.A、the executive branchB、the deliberative branchC、the legislative branchD、the judicial branch第40题(4.0) 分Roman religion was _____.A、borrowed entirely from the GreeksB、not purely RomanC、invented by RomansD、borrowed from the Egyptians判断题第41题(1.0) 分The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states.正确错误第42题(2.0) 分Mount Olympus is the highest point in Greece and home of the mythical Greek gods. ？正确错误第43题(1.0) 分Although people from different regions in the Roman Empire spoke different mother tongues, they could always communicate with strangers either in Latin or in Greek, the official languages of the Empire.正确第44题(1.0) 分The Roman government offered free food to the poor people to achieve greater harmony.正确错误第45题(2.0) 分Among the Olympian gods, Zeus was the chief deity and he was mainly worshipped at Olympia.正确错误第46题(1.0) 分Earlier Christian leaders all agreed that the gospel was intended for Jews and non-Jews as well to hear.正确错误第47题(1.0) 分After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, all other religious beliefs disappeared.正确错误第48题(1.0) 分The word “tyranny”was just as derogative in ancient Greece as today.正确错误第49题(1.0) 分According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.正确错误第50题(1.0) 分Octavian kept the republican system in name in order to gain support.正确错误第51题(1.0) 分It was the Romans who created the name “Africa”after they conquered the Carthage Empire.正确错误第52题(1.0) 分At the age of 30, Jesus started to preach; but he had no intention to create a new religion.正确错误第53题(1.0) 分In the ancient Egyptian society there were only male pharaohs.正确错误第54题(1.0) 分Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of the nobles.正确错误第55题(1.0) 分The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.错误第56题(1.0) 分The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government.正确错误第57题(1.0) 分In the Roman Empire, a foreign soldier could earn citizenship through his military service. 正确错误第58题(1.0) 分Roman state financed gladiator shows to make people forget social and economic problems. 正确错误第59题(2.0) 分All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.正确错误第60题(2.0) 分The Greek city-states varied greatly in their governmental structures.正确错误。
欧洲文化入门试卷及答案
《欧洲文化入门》I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks. (60 POINTS)1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.那就是希腊和罗马文化历史。
另一条则是精神宗教形成线索，即犹太教和基督教历史2. ____ deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in theirC. Prometheus BoundD. Persians《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）3. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _____.A. AeschylusB.AristophanesC. EuripidesD. Sophocles4. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy.C. SophoclesD. Aeschylus喜剧家：Comedy writer解释者of the atomic theory.D. Socrates6, ____by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. DialoguesB. The ApologyC. The RepublicD. Symposium讨论会7. Dante called ____ " the master of those who know".A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. ArchimedesB. PoeticsC. EthicsD. PoliticsEuclid---Elements9. ____ has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de Milo C, Laocoon group D, Parthenon10. Herodotus, Father of History, wrote about the war between ____ .Herodotus Father of historyA. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesC. The Roman EmpireD. Pax Romana年，元老院授予屋大维“奥古斯都”和“大元帅”的尊称史诗, The Aeneid, was written by _____.C. Julius CaesarD. Cicero维吉尔。
14欧洲文化入门试卷A
北京翻译研修学院2013-2014学年第二学期期末考试（A卷）年级：____________专业：________________姓名: ____________ 成绩：_________________欧洲文化入门Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each) 1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by Dante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,which granted religious freedom to all and made Christianitylegal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central Asia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and the centerof trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the golden city whichgave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.C. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaning yieldbeauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had great impacton world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid in night.God said,“let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England andwith ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importance to________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotionalupheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, and I willmove the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not theearth, is the center of the universe.C. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names.The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations, works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)21.St.Jerome [ ] (a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer [ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the 4th centuryB.C.in Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years? the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial tradition in westernart?IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)41.Athens’democrach42.Beowulf43.John Locke44.OdysseyV.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推理法)anddeductive method(演绎法)?。
大学《欧洲文化入门》试题及答案
5.Can you outline the geo-cultural area of Europe and the West? (20%)
（2）生理学和医学
比利时医生维萨留斯发表《人体结构》一书，对盖伦的“三位一体”学说提出挑战。西班牙医生塞尔维特发现血液的小循环系统，证明血液从右心室流向肺部，通过曲折路线到达左心室。英国解剖学家哈维通过大量的动物解剖实验，发表《心血运动论》等论著，系统阐释了血液运动的规律和心脏的工作原理。他指出，心脏是血液运动的中心和动力的来源。这一重大发现使他成为近代生理学的鼻祖。
3.Can you list some important values of Renaissance(20%)
答：（1）物理学
在物理学方面，伽利略通过多次实验发现了落体、抛物体和振摆三大定律，使人对宇宙有了新的认识。他的学生托里拆利经过实验证明了空气压力，发明了水银柱气压计。法国科学家帕斯卡尔发现液体和气体中压力的传播定律。英国科学家波义耳发现气体压力定律。
（3）“地理大发现”
航海技术产生了一次革命性地飞跃，葡萄牙、西班牙、意大利的探险家们开始了一系列远程航海活动。4.Can you explain the importance of French Revolution? (20%)
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________.27 B.C.7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodotus’s historical writing i s on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in a ncient Greece答：1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens.2）Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy.论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he went and conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146B.C., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?答：There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greek culture in Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fetters ofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’s comedies,Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Roman culture?答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background?答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 B.C., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium.Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story ab out God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis, Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the L aws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells abouta religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. It tells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity?答：Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions.1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible?答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which was done in 385-405 A.D. By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated fromthe Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. It was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷin 1539 to be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influe ntial of English Bible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version,first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition of the Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible?答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenc ed without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern OrthodoxChurch.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding—a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land. 3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors werefounded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic statereaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith？答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe was a Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades?答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West. And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resu lted in renewing pe ople’s interest in learning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was c rowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. Hismain work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to th e epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovation by introducing into the native alliterative verse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Medieval times?1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churches of the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors, with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’daily life and almost everyone became a member of the Church. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politic s, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and tr anslating ancient books, the Church Fathers’ philosophy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or TheAnglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes Don Quixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. The word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves intranslating the Bible into their mother tongues.3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over the church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance?答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South America as a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture?答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to paya good amount of their gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture?答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Francis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. T omas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. BourgeoisieRevolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best representative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals. This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times? 答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics,owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes.2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There wasa prof ound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century？答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began to take shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes inman’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system?答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a generalconclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law?答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract?1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the majority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the American Revolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power orgovernment backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hobbes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.B. Secondly, Hobbes argued that individuals surrender their rights to one man, the sovereign whose power is absolute.Locke argued that the individuals surrender their rights to the community as a whole. According to him, by majority vote a representative is chosen, but his power not absolute. If he fails to implement the people’s will, the people have the right to overthrow him.4. What is the great significance of the English Revolution?1、It was the first time that capitalism has defeated absolute monarchy in history.2、The English Revolution marked that the modern times are approaching.。
自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》
课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”byDante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and madeChristianity legal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from centralAsia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and thecenter of trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the goldencity which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.A. MilanB. FlorenceC. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaningyield beauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had greatimpact on world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid in said,“let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in Englandand with ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importanceto ________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain andemotional upheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, andI will move the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two left hand column consists of a list of names.The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations, worksor remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)[ ] (a)Latin version of Bible[ ] (b)The City of God[ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales[ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper[ ] (f)Virgin Mary[ ] (g)Edict of Milanda Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs[ ] (i)The Divine Comedy[ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the 4th century Greece?gave birth to Christianity?does the Old Testament mainly deal with?classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?did the Crusades go on about 200 years?the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial tradition in western art?each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)’democrachLockeBetween 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程《欧洲文化入门》答案Ⅰ.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, DⅡ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30jⅢ.major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and the Stoics. was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into three classes:clergy,lords and peasants.1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christain pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years. are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,butby“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher, whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island of Ithaca.It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over theforces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately beblended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particularfacts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.。
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北京翻译研修学院2012-2013学年第二学期期末考试（A卷）年级：____________专业：________________姓名: ____________ 成绩：_________________欧洲文化入门Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each) 1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by Dante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made Christianitylegal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central Asia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and the centerof trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the golden city whichgave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.C. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaning yieldbeauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had great impacton world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid in night.God said,“let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England andwith ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importance to________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotionalupheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, and I willmove the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not theearth, is the center of the universe.C. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names.The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations, works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)21.St.Jerome [ ] (a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer [ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the 4th centuryB.C.in Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years? the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial tradition in westernart?IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)41.Athens’democrach42.Beowulf43.John Locke44.OdysseyV.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推理法)anddeductive method(演绎法)?。