英语演讲的艺术weekone

Channel
• Means by which a message is communicated
• Use one or more channels, each of which will affect the message received by the audience
• Radio, television, microphone, etc.
• Internal: toothache, any other pain, worry about the CET4/6, brood about an argument with his girlfriend
Situation
• The time and place in which speech communication occurs
Martin Luther King
Margaret Thatcher
Nelson Mandela
Enjoy a Video from Gu Qiubei
顾秋蓓，2003年21世纪杯全国英语演讲比赛冠军
Overview of Public Speaking
• Course introduction • Course objectives • Types of speeches • 7 elements of communication process • Speak confidently and ethically
Course Introduction
• Improve skills of writing and presenting effective public speeches
• Special emphasis on informative and persuasive discourse
• Benefit you in your future career and life as a citizen in a global age
英语演讲的艺术weekone
Pre-class Explanation
• Teacher’s self-introduction: Wu Dianlong ()
• Course grading: 1. introductory speech (40%) 2. informative speech (40%) 3. attendance (20%)
Becoming a Confident Speaker
• Stage fright: anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience
• US national survey: 42% of respondents-giving a speech as top fear; in comparison, only 28% said they’re afraid of dying
• This is your assignment • One part of final examination • Hand in one manuscript next class • Be delivered in week 7
Informative Speech
• Inform the audience about an object, concept, process, or event
Seven Elements of Communication Process
• Speaker-演讲者 • Message-信息 • Channel-渠道 • Listener-听众 • Feedback-反馈 • Interference-干扰 • Situation-场景
Speaker
Your success as a speaker depends on: • Personal credibility • Knowledge of the subject • Preparation of the speech • Manner of speaking • Sensitivity to the audience
• Narrow your topic down to something you can discuss adequately in the time allowed for the speech
• Choose supporting details to make your ideas clear and convincing
• Certain situations: funerals, weddings, graduation ceremonies, open ceremonies
• Physical setting: a speech is presented indoors or out, to a densely packed crowd or to a handful of scattered souls
• Textbook: Stephen E. Lucas, with Yin Suya, The Art of Public Speaking, 10th Edition, Specially Adapted for Chinese Readers (Beijing Foreign
Language Teaching and Research Press, 2010)
• Seek either passive agreement or immediate action from the audience
• Emphasis is given to evidence and reasoning in constructing persuasive arguments
Introductory Speech
• Introduce yourself (or anyone around you)
• Focus on some aspect of your (anyone’s) personality, background, beliefs, or aspirations
Commemorative Speech
• To pay tribute to (称赞，歌颂）a person, a group of people, an institution, or an idea
• Seek to use language creatively and imaginatively so as to invest the topic with dignity, meaning, and honest emotion.
• Organize your ideas well • Express your message in accurate, clear,
vivid and appropriate words • Send a message with your tone of voice,
appearance, gestures, facial expression, and eye contact • Make sure your nonverbal message not distract from your verbal message
Speak Confidently and Ethically
• Becoming a confident speaker: a) nervousness is normal b) dealing with nervousness
• Being an ethical speaker a) guidelines for ethical speaking b) plagiarism
• Use of a visual aid is required • One part of final examination • Be delivered in week 13
Persuasive Speech
• To persuade the audience for or against a question or policy
Stephen E. Lucas and Big Dragon
Modern famous speakers
• Franklin Roosevelt • Martin Luther King • Margaret Thatcher • Nelson Mandela • … etc.
Franklin Roosevelt
Course Objectives
• To improve your ability to write effective public speeches
• To improve your ability to deliver effective public speecty to think critically and to apply the skills of critical thinking to the analysis of written and oral texts
• To improve your ability to listen effectively to public speeches
Types of Speeches
• Introductory speech • Informative speech • Persuasive speech • Commemorative speech
• Audience-centered
Feedback
• The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker
• Lean forward; applaud in approval; laugh at your jokes; quizzical looks on their faces; shuffle their feet and gaze at the clock
• Be alert to these reactions and adjust your message accordingly
Interference
• Anything that impedes the communication of a message
• External: traffic outside, people’s conversation in the hall, a room that is stifling hot or freezing cold
Listener
• Person who receives communicated message
• Take account of listeners’ frames of reference (参考框架，sum of person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes)
Nervousness is Normal
• Stage fright is a common occurrence
• Greatest public speakers in history suffered from it: Mahatma Gandhi, Abraham Lincoln, Winston Churchill
and the occasion • Enthusiasm
Message
• Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else
• Depends on what you say (verbal message) and how you say it (nonverbal message)