电动汽车用永磁同步电机的研究

Wen Youdong Prof. Cui Shengming Master of Engineering Vehicle Engineering School of Automobile Engineering July, 2012
Degree-Conferring-Institution： Harbin Institute of Technology
Dissertation for the Master’s Degree in Engineering
RESEARCH ON PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Candidate： Supervisor： Academic Degree Applied for： Speciality： Affiliation： Date of Defence：
I
哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文
Abstract
The development of automobile market brings new challenges to our country's energy security. So, it is very necessary and urgent to develop clean energy vehicles especially electric vehicles. The permanent magnet synchronous motors have high efficiency, high power density and are more in line with our national energy strategy. Therefore, a permanent magnet synchronous motor used in an extended range electric vehicle is designed based on the actual operation needs of electric vehicles. The characteristic and vector control principle of permanent magnet synchronous motor are studied and a permanent magnet synchronous motor control model is build based on that. The overall design and electromagnetic design of the motor are also completed based on that. Then permanent magnet synchronous motor efficiency Maps under different control strategies are given by simulation computation and a control strategy more applicable to the electric car is chosen. Because of its peculiar application situation, the design of permanent magnet synchronous motor must meet the actual operation condition of electric cars. A set of basic PMSM performance parameters selection methods is developed based on the analysis of the electric car actual operation condition. In the final motor performance test, the electric car operation requirements are also fully considered. The motor performance is verified separately from the motor and vehicle two levels. Motor design is a long process of modification and optimization. In this paper, the motor design gives fully consideration to the relationship of the overall design, electromagnetic parameters and the performance of motor. Motor size and electromagnetic parameters are designed use both magnetic circuit calculation method and magnetic field finite element analysis method. The design also considers the motor performance in the whole work region. The motor efficiency map is introduced into the vehicle simulation model, so that the motor performance can be analyzed under different vehicles operation conditions. The motor parameters are optimized to expand the motor of the actual operation high efficient area based on the actual operation condition of electric cars. This method makes motor design more quickly and accurately. Finally, the driving range of the electric car that using the permanent magnet synchronous motor finally designed is calculated. Keywords: electric vehicle, permanent magnet synchronous motor, optimal design, finite element method
II
哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文
目
录
摘 要 ······························································································· I Abstract···························································································· II 第1章 绪 论 ···················································································· 1 1.1 课题背景及研究的目的和意义 ························································ 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ·········································································· 2 1.2.1 国内外电动汽车研究现状 ························································· 2 1.2.2 电动汽车用驱动电机 ······························································· 3 1.2.3 电动汽车用永磁同步电机的研究现状与热点 ································· 5 1.3 本文的主要研究内容 ···································································· 7 第 2 章 电动汽车用永磁同步电机原理与建模 ············································· 8 2.1 永磁同步电动机的结构与运行原理 ·················································· 8 2.1.1 永磁同步电动机的结构与分类 ··················································· 8 2.1.2 永磁同步电机的运行原理 ························································· 9 2.1.3 永磁同步电动机的功角特性 ···················································· 10 2.2 永磁同步电动机的数学模型与矢量控制原理 ···································· 14 2.2.1 坐标变换 ············································································ 14 2.2.2 永磁同步电动机的 d-q 轴数学模型 ············································ 16 2.3 永磁同步电动机控制策略及仿真模型的建立 ···································· 17 2.3.1 电动汽车永磁同步电机的控制策略制定 ····································· 17 2.3.2 电压空间矢量脉宽调制的基本原理 ··········································· 19 2.3.3 三相桥的开关模式及 PWM 的输出波形 ····································· 23 2.3.4 不同控制策略仿真模型的建立 ················································· 24 2.4 本章小结 ················································································· 26 第 3 章 电动汽车用永磁同步电机的设计 ················································· 27 3.1 电动汽车运行工况对驱动电机性能要求的分析 ································· 27 3.2 驱动电机性能参数初步选取 ························································· 27 3.2.1 电动汽车受力分析及行驶方程式 ·············································· 27 3.2.2 电机最大功率确定 ································································ 28 3.2.3 电机额定转速的确定 ····························································· 28 3.2.4 电机峰值转矩的确定 ····························································· 28 3.2.5 电机基本性能参数的选取 ······················································· 29
工程硕士学位论文
电动汽车用永磁同步电机的研究
硕士研究生 导
温有东
师 ：崔胜民教授
申 请 学 位 ：工程硕士 学 科 ：车辆工程
所 在 单 位 ：汽车工程学院 答 辩 日 期 ： 2012 年 7 月 授予学位单位 ：哈尔滨工业大学
Classified Index: U463.5 U.D.C: 629
硕士学位论文
电动汽车用永磁同步电机的研究
RESEARCH ON PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
温有东
哈尔滨工业大学 2012 年 7 月
国内图书分类号： U463.5 国际图书分类号： 629
Leabharlann Baidu
学校代码： 10213 密级：公开
哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文
摘 要
汽车市场的高速发展给我国能源安全带来了新的挑战，大力发展新能源汽车 尤其是电动汽车已经势在必行。永磁同步电机具有高效、高功率密度的特点，且 更加符合我国能源战略，在电动汽车驱动系统的应用中具有广阔前景。为此，本 文结合电动汽车实际运行需求，为一辆增程式电动汽车设计了一款永磁同步电机。 本文介绍了永磁同步电机的工作特性和矢量控制原理，据此建立了永磁同步 电机的控制模型，然后利用控制模型仿真计算得到了不同控制策略下永磁同步电 机的效率 Map 图，通过对比制定了更加适用于电动汽车的永磁同步电机的控制策 略。 由于运用场合的特殊性，永磁同步电机的设计必须满足电动汽车实际运行工 况对驱动电机的要求。本文通过对电动汽车实际运行工况的分析，制定出一套电 动汽车驱动用永磁同步电机基本性能参数的初步选取方法，并以此选取了电机的 基本性能参数，完成了电机的总体设计和电磁设计。在最终的电机性能验证中， 也充分考虑了电动汽车的实际运行要求，分别从电机和整车两个层面分析验证了 本文所设计电机的性能表现。 电机设计是一个需要反复修改和优化的过程。本文对电机的设计充分考虑到 总体设计对电机电磁参数的影响，以及电磁参数对电机性能的影响。根据电动汽 车对驱动电机的性能要求，采用场路结合的方法，借助有限元分析法优化了电机 的尺寸和电磁参数设计。 本文对永磁体同步电机设计还考虑到了电机在整个区域上的性能表现。将利 用永磁同步电机控制模型计算得到的电机效率 Map 图引入到整车仿真模型，分析 电动汽车在不同工况下电机性能表现，结合电动汽车实际运行需要对电机设计参 数进行优化，尽量扩大电机实际运行的高效区，使得电机设计更为快速准确。 最后利用 Advisor 对搭载有本文设计永磁同步电机的电动汽车的续驶里程进 行了仿真和估算，对所设计电机作了的进一步验证。 关键词：电动汽车；永磁同步电机；优化设计；有限元法