中考专题复习冠词导学案

Please look at the screen.

上文已提到的人或事

I have a dog.The dog is very cute.

世上独一无二的事物

The earth moves around the sun.

序数词，形容词最高级前。副词最高级前

可以省。

The second girl is the shortest but

runs (the) fastest of all.

形容词前加the表一类人

the young/old/rich/poor/disabled

/deaf/blind/dark

用于姓氏复数前

The Whites are going to climb the

mountains tomorrow.

怀特一家打算明天去爬山。

用于乐器前

Play the guitar/piano/violin/drums

用于专有名词前

The Great Wall

注：定冠词的常见搭配

all the time总是

all the year round一年到头

in the dark在黑暗里

by the way顺便说一下

at the same time与此同时

at the end of在最后

at the beginning of在......的开始

★考点三：零冠词的用法

1.名词前已有物主代词my, his 等，指示代

词this,that, those, these，不定代词some,any 等或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。This is my new friend.这是我的新朋友。

That is Mary's book.那是玛丽的书。

2.在与by 连用的交通工具前不用冠词

by bus/train/bike/air 乘公交车/乘火车/骑自行车/乘飞机

3.球类运动、语言、棋类游戏和学科名称前不用冠词

play badminton/basketball/volleyball/

football/baseball/soccer/tennis

4.节日如果用“Festival”则要加定冠词，如果用“Day”则不用

the Spring Festival 春节

National Day 国庆节

5.有些短语中，有冠词和无冠词的区别：

go to school 上学(是学生）

go to the school到学校去(不一定是生)

in hospital (因病)住院

in the hospital在医院里(不一定是病人)

at school 在上学(是学生

at the school 在学校里(不一定是学生

in front of 在(……外部的)前面

in the front of 在(……内部的)前面

next year 明年

the next year 第二年

巩固练习：

一、单项选择

1. There is ______ book in my backpack. ______ book is very heavy.

A. a; The

B. a; A

C. the; A

D. the; The

2.—What’s ______ matter with you?

—I have ______ fever.

A.an; the

B. the; /

C. the; a

3. We played for ______ hour in the park. It was ______ great fun!

A. a; a

B. an; /

C. a; /

D. /; a

4. Many people gave away much money to ______ poor after the earthquake in Nepal.

A. the

B. a

C. an

5. I have seen ______ film Mr. Six and

it’s quite ______ educational one.

A./; an

B. an; a

C. the; a

D. the; an

二、加强题在空白处填入/ 、a 、an 或the。

1. _______ milk is food. ________ milk in this cup has gone bad.

2. ---Do you like playing _________ football?

---Yes. But I have only _________ basketball.

3.Do you know _______girl on ________

another side of ________ lake?

4. There's ________ "u" and ________ "s" in ________work "use".

5. She says ________animals cant's live without __________air, either.

6. His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.

7. Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse?

8. ________ cold wind was blowing from the north.

9. He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.

10.________ Greens are traveling in _________ South Chin A.

11. Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.

12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night. ________ film was about _________ kind doctor.

13. You can have _________ second try if you fail _______ first time.

14. Tom went to _________ school as usual, but he didn't know his father went to ________school for a parent meeting.

15.________knowledge begins with _________ practice.

16.---Mum, what shall we have for _______dinner?

---Dumplings.

---Oh, what _______ wonderful dinner! I enjoy it very much.

17._________ PLA was founded on __________August 1st,1927

18. _______ Kings came to us at _________ noon.

19.The scientists from ________ United States live in __________ Ninth Street.

20.The doctor said to him, "Take ________

medicine twice ________day. Stay in _________ bed and you'll be better soon."

一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

1．阅读理解

New York is 3 hours ahead of California, but it does not make California slow, or that New York is fast. Both are working based on their own “ Time Zone”（时区）.Someone graduated at the age of 22, yet waited 5 years before finding a good job! And there is another who graduated at 27 and got hired immediately!

Someone became a CEO at 25, and died at 50.While another became a CEO at 50, and lived to 90 years.

Someone is still single, while someone else got married and waited 10 years having a child. There is another who had a baby within a year of marriage.

Obama retires(退休) at 55, but Trump starts at 70.

Absolutely everyone in this world works based on their Time Zone. People can have things worked out only according to their pace. (步调)

People around you might seem to go ahead of you; some might seem to be behind you. But everyone is running their own race, in their own time.

Don't envy them or laugh at them. They are in their TIME ZONE, and you are in yours!

Life is about waiting for the right moment to act. Hold on, be strong, and stay true to yourself .Fight in your time zone.

So, RELAX. You're not LATE. You're not EARLY. You are very much ON TIME , and in your time zone destiny set up for you.

（1）When it's 8:00 in New York, what time is it in California?

A. 11:30

B. 5:00

C. 12:30

D. 11:00

（2）Which is true according to the passage?

A. We should get married earlier.

B. If you fall behind, you needn't to try hard.

C. Obama starts his job of president at a younger age than Trump.

D. Life is about waiting for the right TIME ZONE

（3）What's the mea ning of the underlined word “ envy”?

A. 观摩

B. 嘲笑

C. 羡慕

D. 跟随

（4）According to the passage, if you don't do well in your study now, you should______.

A. have a rest and wait

B. stay in your own TIME ZONE

C. stop to have a relax.

D. work hard and wait for the right moment.

（5）Which do you think is the best title?

A. Time Zone

B. Wait for the Right Moment

C. Fight in Your Time Zone

D. You Are on Time

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）C

（4）D

（5）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：纽约比加州早3个小时，但它不会让加州变慢，也不会让纽约跑得快。他们都是在属于自己的“时区”工作。有人在25岁时成为CEO，50岁去世，而有人在50岁时成为CEO，活到90岁。在这个世界上，每个人都是根据自己的时区工作的，人们只能按照自己的步调来做事。所以不要羡慕你周围的人们，也不要嘲笑他们，他们在自己的时区，而你在你的时区。生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，坚持、坚强，忠于自己，在你自己的时区里战斗。

（1）推理计算题。根据New York is 3 hours ahead of California,纽约比加州早3个小时，可知当纽约是8点时加州应是8—3=5，所以加州应是5点，故答案选B。

（2）推理判断题。A根据Someone is still single, while someone else got married and waited 10 years having a child. There is another who had a baby within a year of marriage.可知文中说了有些人单身有些人结婚，有些人等10年才有孩子，而有些人结婚一年就有了孩子，但并没有提到说我们应该早点结婚，故A选项错误。B 根据Life is about waiting for the right moment to act. Hold on, be strong, and stay true to yourself .Fight in your time zone.可知，生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，坚持、坚强，忠于自己，在你自己的时区里战斗，所以并不是说你落后了，就不必努力了，故B选项错误。C根据Obama retires(退休) at 55, but Trump starts at 70.可知，奥巴马在55岁退休，但特朗普在70岁才开始，所以说奥巴马比特朗普年轻就开始了他的总统职位是正确的，故B选项正确。D根据Life is about waiting for the right moment to act. Hold on,可知，生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，而不是等待正确的时区，故D选项错误。本题问哪一个选项是正确的，故答案选C。

（3）词义猜测题。根据上文People around you might seem to go ahead of you; some might seem to be behind you.你周围的人可能会走在你前面，有些人可能会落在你的后面，以及Don't envy them or laugh at them.不要…他们或者嘲笑他们，可知此处是与上文对应的，对于落后你的人不要嘲笑他们，那么对于走在你前面的人也应该是不要“羡慕、嫉妒”他们，故答案选C。

（4）细节理解题。根据Life is about waiting for the right moment to act. Hold on, be strong, and stay true to yourself .Fight in your time zone. 生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，坚持、坚强，忠于自己，在你自己的时区里战斗，可知，如果你现在学习不好，你应该努力工作，等待合适的时机，故答案选D。

（5）标题归纳题。通过对整篇文章的理解可知，每个人都是根据自己的时区工作的，人们只能按照自己的步调来做事。所以不要羡慕你周围的人们，也不要嘲笑他们，他们在自己的时区，而你在你的时区。所以生活就是等待合适的时机去行动，坚持、坚强，忠于自己，在你自己的时区里战斗。故答案选C。

【点评】阅读考题中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要有不同的解决策略。对于客观题，阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。对于主观题，不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的

是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。

2．阅读理解

A girl complained to her father about her hard life．She didn't know what she had to do and wanted to give up．She felt tired of fighting and fighting．One problem had been finished but another came over．Her father，a cook，took her into the kitchen．He poured water into three pans and boiled(煮沸) them．After boiling，in the first pan was put some carrots，the second was put some eggs and the last was put with coffee．The girl waited impatiently (不耐烦的)，confused by what her father did．About 20 minutes later，her father took out the carrots and put them in a bowl．He took the eggs and put them in a bowl．After that the coffee was poured into a cup．“My sweet heart，what do you see？” he asked．

“Carrots，eggs and coffee，” she replied．

Her father told her to close her eyes and asked her to touch the carrots．She did so and felt that the carrots were soft．After that he asked her to take the eggs and break them．After peeling (剥开) them，she got the eggs，cooked and hard．The last，the father let her smell the coffee．She asked，“What did you do this for，Father？” He explained that each had the same unlucky experience—the boiling water，but each had a different result．The strong and hard carrots had become soft and weak．Thefragileeggs became hard after being cooked．The coffee was very special，they could change water．“Who are you？” asked her father．“When bad luck knocks at your door，what is your decision? Are you carrots，eggs or coffee？”

（1）The girl complained about her hard life because she didn't ________．

A. want to give up

B. finish one problem

C. know what to do

D. get tired of fighting

（2）The girl's father took her to the kitchen to ________．

A. ask her how to boil eggs

B. show her how to make coffee

C. teach her how to be a cook

D. tell her how to face difficulties

（3）After about twenty minutes，the carrots became ________．

A. soft

B. hard

C. salty

D. sweet

（4）The underlined word “fragile” in the passage means “________”．

A. 美味的

B. 易碎的

C. 特别的

D. 可怜的

（5）What can we learn from the passage?

A. The girl's father liked to eat some kinds of food．

B. Bad luck always knocks at strong people's doors．

C. Boiled carrots，eggs and coffee had the same result．

D. People should make right decisions when in trouble．

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

（5）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：一个女孩向她父亲抱怨她糟糕的生活，她不知道该怎么做而且想要放弃。她觉得一次又一次的打拼很疲惫，一件事情刚解决,又一件事接踵而至。本文讲述的是父亲用一个平常的事件给女儿讲解人生道理的故事。

（1）细节理解题。女孩抱怨生活艰辛是因为她不A. want to give up想放弃；B. finish one problem完成一个问题；C. know what to do知道什么什么；D. get tired of fighting对努力厌倦。根据短文第1自然段，可知，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。题意：女孩的父亲把她带到厨房干什么？A. ask her how to boil eggs，问她怎样煮蛋；B. show her how to make coffee教她怎样煮咖啡；C. teach her how to be a cook ，教她怎样当厨师；D. tell her how to face difficulties告诉她怎样面对困难。父亲带女儿到厨房是想通过煮不同食物的事让她明天人生的道理。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。题意：20分钟后，白菜变得怎样了？A. soft 软；B. hard，硬；C. salty，咸；D. sweet 甜。从文中可知，白菜是变软了，故选A。

（4）词义猜测题。题意：带有下划线的“fragile” 在短文中的意思是什么？A. 美味的；B. 易碎的；C. 特别的；D. 可怜的。句意：蛋煮后变硬了。容易推测出是：易碎的。故选B。

（5）理解判断题。题意：从短文中我们可以学会什么？What can we learn from the passage?A. The girl's father liked to eat some kinds of food.女孩的父亲喜欢吃不同种类的食物；B. Bad luck always knocks at strong people's doors.坏运总是敲响强大者的门；C. Boiled carrots, eggs and coffee had the same result.煮胡萝卜、蛋、咖啡结果一样；D. People should make right decisions when in trouble.人们在处于困境时应该做出正确的决定。根据短文内容，故选D。

【点评】做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。

3．阅读理解

In a nice house there lived an old man. Behind the house there was a big garden. He planted many plants there. He took care of his flowers all the time, watering and fertilizing (施肥) them.

One day a young man went by the garden. He looked at the beautiful flowers, imagining how happy he could be if he lived in such a beautiful place. Then, suddenly he found the old gardener was blind. He was very _________ about this and asked, “You can't see these flowers.Why are you busy taking care of them every day?”

The old man smiled and said, “I can tell you some reasons . First, I was a gardener when I was young, and I really like this job. Second, although I can't see these flowers, I can touch them. Third, I can smell the sweetness of them. As to the last one, that's you.”

“Me? But you don't know me,” said the young man.

“Yeah, it's true that I don't know you. But I know that flowers are angels that everybody knows. We enjoy the happiness these flowers have brought us.”

The blind man's work opened our eyes and pleased our heart, which also made his life happier. It was just like Beethoven, who became deaf in his later life and wrote many great musical words. Beethoven himself couldn't hear his wonderful music, but his music has encouraged millions of people to face their difficulties bravely. Isn't it one kind of happiness?

（1）Which is the best wo rd we can put in the blanket”___________” in Paragraph 2?

A. excited.

B. surprised.

C. worried.

D. relaxed.

（2）How many reasons did the old man mentioned??

A. Three

B. Four

C. Five

D. Six

（3）What was the correct order in which these events happened?

a. The old man explained.

b. The young man went by the garden.

c. The old man watered the flowers.

d. The young man found the old man was blind.

A. b-c-a-d

B. c-b-a-d

C. b-c-d-a

D. c-b-d-a

（4）Who is Beethoven?

A. The young man.

B. The old man.

C. A gardener.

D. A musician.

（5）What is the best title for the text？

A. The Wise Young Man

B. The Nice Flowers

C. The Blind Gardener

D. A Kind of Happiness.

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）D

（4）D

（5）D

【解析】【分析】

⑴词义猜测。excited兴奋的；surprised吃惊的；worried担心的；relaxed放松的。根据语境可知“他突然发现老园丁是盲人”，所以他非常“惊讶”，问他，“你看不见这些花儿，为什么每天照顾他们。”故选B。

⑵细节理解。根据文章中老人的话 Third, I can smell the sweetness of them. As to the last one, that's you可知

老人一共列出了四个理由，故选B。

⑶细节理解。根据文章描述可知，老人在浇花儿，一个年轻人经过，发现老人是盲人，他感到好奇，问老人原因，老人做出解释，故选D。

⑷推理判断。根据最后一段Beethoven himself couldn't hear his wonderful music, but his music has encouraged millions of people to face their difficulties bravely.可知贝多芬是一位音乐家。故选D。

⑸主旨大意。本文通过一位年轻人与失明的园丁的对话折射出一个道理，给别人带来快乐也是一种快乐。故选D。

【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。

4．阅读理解

In the summer between my first year and second year in college, I was invited to be an instructor(辅导员)at a high school camp. On the first day, when we were dancing and playing games, I noticed a boy under the tree who was small and thin. His shyness made him appear weak. I walked towards him, introduced myself and invited him to join in the activities and meet some new people. He quietly replied, "No, I really don't want to do this." I could understand that he was in a new world but I knew it wouldn't be right to force him either. Actually, the boy didn't need a close talk but a friend.

At lunch the next day, I was leading camp songs when I saw the boy under the tree sitting alone. I tried again with the same invitation, but he refused once again. That evening I was told the boy's name was Tommy. Then I asked the campers to pay special attention to the boy and spend time with him when they could.

The days went by and the time came when we had to leave. We held a big, warm party to celebrate the closing of the camp. All the campers shared their wonderful moments. To my surprise, I found the boy from under the tree dancing joyfully with two girls. I couldn't believe it was the same person.

In October of my second year, I received a phone call from Tommy's mother. She told me that Tommy was hit by a car and died. I offered my deep sadness. The mother said, "Tommy mentioned you so many times. I want you to know that he went back to school and made new friends with confidence. You made a difference to Tommy during his last months."

At that moment, I realized how easy it was to give a bit of yourself every day. You may never know how much each gesture may mean to someone else. I hope that everyone can pay attention to his own "boy under the tree".

（1）Before the writer came to the high school summer camp, he was a(n) .

A. instructor

B. camper

C. student

D. reporter

（2）How many times did the writer invite the boy to join in the activities?

A. Once.

B. Twice.

C. Three times.

D. Many times.

（3）Which is the CORRECT order about the story？

①The boy danced joyfully with two girls.

② The boy went back to school and made new friends.

③ The boy refused to join in the activities.

④The boy's mother made a phone call to the writer.

A. ①②③④

B. ②③①④

C. ③①②④

D. ④③②①（4）From Paragraph 4, we can infer that Tommy's mother was very to the writer.

A. thankful

B. helpful

C. faithful

D. harmful

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文讲述了作者曾给一个男孩精神上的帮助，让大家指代每天给自己一点自信是多么容易。

（1）推理题。根据 In the summer between my first year and second year in college, I was invited to be an instructor(辅导员)at a high school camp 在大学一年级和二年级之间的那个夏天，我被邀请去当一名教师(辅导员)在一个高中营地可知，在作家来到高中夏令营之前，他是名学生，故选C。

（2）细节题。根据invited him to join in the activities和I tried again with the same invitation 可知，作者邀请这个男孩参加了2次活动，故选B。

（3）细节题。根据全文描述可知最初男孩拒绝参加活动，后来男孩和两个女孩快乐地跳舞，这个男孩回到学校，交了新朋友，男孩的母亲给作家打了一个电话，故是C选项的排序是正确的，故选C。（4）推理题。根据T ommy mentioned you so many times. I want you to know that he went back to school and made new friends with confidence. You made a difference to Tommy during his last months 汤米多次提到你。我想让你知道，他回到学校，自信地交了新朋友。在汤米的最后几个月里，你改变了他可知，汤米的母亲对作家很感谢，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

5．阅读理解

When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.

At the age of 9, his father married his stepmother. At that time they lived poorly in the countryside while his stepmother was from a wealthy family.

His father introduced Hill to his stepmother as he said, "Dear, I hope you notice in the entire shire this is the worst boy, who has made me have no other way. Maybe before tomorrow morning he will throw a stone at you,

or do a bad thing you will never imagine."

To Hill's surprise, his stepmother went up to him with a smile, held up his head and looked at him carefully. She then turned around to tell her husband, "You're wrong. He is not the worst boy in the entire shire, but the cleverest and most creative boy. Only he doesn't find a place to show himself."

His stepmother's words warmed his heart, his eyes full of tears. With this, he started building friendship with his stepmother. And this became the drive of his life, making him create 28 successful golden rules, which helped tens of thousands of ordinary people walk on the road to success.

Before his stepmother came, no one praised him smart, and his father and neighbours considered him as a bad boy. However, his stepmother's words changed his life.

When Hill was 14 years old, his stepmother bought him a used typewriter and said to him, "I believe you will become a writer." Hill accepted his stepmother's gift and expectation, and started writing things to a local newspaper. He understood his stepmother's strong feeling of interest in his family while he saw with his own eyes she had changed his family. Therefore, he would do as well as she expected him to.

The strength from his stepmother made him a rich man and famous writer in the United States and one of the most important persons in the 20th century.

Praise will never be unnecessary, especially for children. A sincere(真诚的)praise may be better than 10, 000 bad words.

（1）What did people think of Hill before the age of nine?

A. Clever.

B. Creative.

C. Unfriendly.

D. Foolish.

（2）Hill started making friends with his stepmother after she .

A. smiled at him

B. looked at him carefully

C. said good words about him

D. said bad words about him

（3）Which of the following is WRONG about Hill?

A. He accepted his stepmother's typewriter.

B. He failed to do as he was expected.

C. He started writing to a local newspaper.

D. He understood his stepmother.

（4）The passage was written mainly to tell us that .

A. children should be praised

B. Hill's father married again

C. Hill's stepmother was kind to him

D. Hill's father was cruel to him

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】文章大意：小时候，希尔是一个坏孩子，当他九岁时，父亲娶了继母，父亲告诉吉姆他是个坏孩子，但是继母说他不会，而是个聪明的孩子，从此他跟继母的关系变的越来越好。在继母的关爱下成为美国著名的作家。

（1）细节理解题，根据When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.可知，希尔九岁前是个出了名的坏孩子，故答案是C。

（2）细节理解题，根据His stepmother's words warmed his heart, his eyes full of tears. With this, he started building friendship with his stepmother.可知，在继母说了他的好话后，他开始跟继母交朋友，故答案是C。

（3）正误判断题，根据Therefore, he would do as well as she expected him to.可知他跟继母期盼的做的一样好，因此B的陈述是错误的，故答案是B。

（4）主旨大意题，根据文章内容可知，继母的表扬让他发生了很大的变化，因此可知，孩子们是需要表扬的，故答案是A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、正误判断题和主旨大意题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案；正误判断题同属于细节理解题，需要根据文章内容做出正误判定；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。