高中英语定语从句详解
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定语从句详解
Ⅰ. 概念：
定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。
先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,)。
复合句：The man who (that) came is Mike.
先行词关系代词
Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class.
关系词的作用：
1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）
常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose、as 、but (文语, 置于否定词之后=that/who…not…, "没有……不……", 在从句中作主语，宾语)
常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、where
The student who answered the question was John.
I know the reason why he was so angry.
The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
定语从句三步：
第一找出先行词；
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；
第三选择合适的关系词。
一. 几个关系代词的基本用法：
1. 定语从句的关系代词Which的用法:若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.
This is the pen which was given by my friend.
先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
This is the pen which my friend gave to me.
先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
2. 定语从句的关系代词Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)
The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
The man who\whom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl with whom I went there.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于
前.
3. 定语从句的关系代词Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom
This is the teacher whom\who we like best.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl whom\ who I went with there.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.
I do n’t like the boy to whom you are talking.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前. 4. 定语从句的关系代词that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
The animal that \which is lost is a panda.
先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
She is the person that \who we are worried about.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
定语从句的关系副词Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.
This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there)
介词短语副词
这就是我在那儿出生的房子.
I was born in.
这里作介宾的
which和that可
以省略
I was born in
练习：用which ，where填空
1 This is the factory they want to visit。
2 My sister works in a bookshop in we can read many kinds of
books
3 Have you visited the city the famous scientist was born?
4 Is this the museum they visited last month?
5 He built a telescope through he could study the skies.
6.The pencil with ________ he wrote was broken.
7.Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?
8.I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
9.Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been to。
10.Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday _____.