【北京大学-病理学试题知识点】_1 损伤与修复

第一章损伤与修复共68题1. Which of the following cells is most likely to have the highest telomerase activity, which is positively with sustained cellular proliferation?A.NeuronsB.NeutrophilsC.Endothelial cellsD.Germ cellsE.Erythrocytes2. The diameter of a young man’s left thigh has decreased after a femoral fracture caused by trauma, which immobilized him for one month. This change is most likely to result from which of the following alterations in the thigh muscles?A.NecrosisB.HypoplasiaC.DystrophyD.AtrophyE.Hyaline degeration3. Histologic sections of lung tissue froma 72-year-old woman with congestive heartfailure and progressive breathingproblems reveal numeroushemosiderin-laden cells within thealveoli. Which of the following is the cellof origin of these "heart failure cells"?A.Endothelial cellsB.MacrophagesC.EosinophilsD.LymphocytesE.Pneumocytes4. Which feature is not necessarilyassociated with the healing of openwounds:A.the formation of granulationtissueB.infectionC.migration of the surroundingepitheliumD.giant cellformationE.contraction5. The healing of a wound will be inhibitedby the following, with the exception of:A.vitaminK deficiencyB.starvationC.the administration ofglucocorticoidsck of blood supplyE.infection6. Wound healing is not enhanced by the administration of:A.cortisol(皮质醇)B.zincC.growth factorsD.oxygenE.vitamin C7. An old man suffered a severe stroke(脑卒中),and two months later, his head CT scan showed a large cystic area in the parietal lobe. Which of the following pathologic processes has most likely occurred in his brain?A.Coagulative necrosisB.Fat necrosisC.ApoptosisD.KaryolysisE.Liquefactive necrosis8. The healing of an incised wound is notassociated with the following:A.a lag phaseB.a demolition(破坏) phaseC.a proliferative phaseD.a contractile phaseE.a maturation phase9. General factors predisposing to woundinfection do not include:A.uncontrolled diabetesB.hypogammaglobulinaemia(低丙种球蛋白血症)C.low platelet countD.agranulocytopenia(粒细胞缺乏症)E.eosinophilia10. A routine H&E histologic section froman irregular white area within theanterior wall of the heart of a 71-year-oldman who died secondary to ischemic heartdisease reveals the myocytes to bereplaced by diffuse red material. Thismaterial stains blue with a trichromestain. Which of the following statementscorrectly describes thismaterial?A.It is secreted by endothelialcells and links macromolecules tointegrinsB.It is secreted by fibroblasts andhas a high content of glycine andhydroxyprolineC.It is secreted by hepatocytes andis mainly responsible for intravascularoncotic pressureD.It is secreted by monocytes andcontains a core protein that is linked to mucopolysaccharidesE.It is secreted by plasma cells andis important in mediating humoral immunity 11. A patient presents with a large wound to his right forearm that is the result of a chain saw accident. You treat his wound appropriately and follow him in your surgery clinic at routine intervals. Initially his wound is filled with granulation tissue, which is composed of proliferating fibroblasts and proliferating new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Which of the following substances is thought to be the most important growth factor involved in angiogenesis?A.Epidermal growth factor (EGF)B.Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)C.Transforming growth factor-alpha(TGF-a)D.Transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-P)E.Vascular endothelial growthfactor (VEGF)12. Which one of these cells is thought tobe the source of hepatic stem cells?A.Ita cellsB.Limbus cellsC.Oval cellsD.Paneth cellsE.Satellite cells13. A mouse model is created in which thelow density lipoprotein (LDL) receptorgene is not expressed in the liver. Forcreating such a "knock out" mouse, whichof the following cells will be mostuseful?A.Embryonic stemcellsB.Hematopoietic stemcellsC.Hepatic ovalcellsD.Adult bone marrow mesenchymalprogenitorcellsE.Regenerating hepatocytes14. The enzyme levels (AST(谷草转氨酶) andALT(谷丙转氨酶) finally returned tonormal after a hepatitis A patient hasreceived 1 month of treatment. Which phaseof the cell cycle best describes thehepatocytes 1 month afterinfection?A.GB.G1C.SD.G2E.M15. A 24-year-old man with acute appendicitis undergoes surgical removal of the inflamed appendix. The incision site is sutured. A trichrome-stained section of the site is shown in the photograph. How long after the surgery would this appearance most likely be seen?A.1 dayB.2 to 3 daysC.4 to 5 daysD.2 weeksE.1 month16. After the sutures were removed from the wound 1 week after a surgical operation, the site became disfigured by a prominent raised, nodular scar that continued to develop over the following 2 months. Which of the following terms best describes the process that occurred during this 2-month period?A.Secondary unionB.Keloid formationC.ResolutionD.Dehiscenceanization17. Which of the following moleculessynthesized by fibroblasts can nostreadily bind to cellular integrins andextracellular collagen and attachepidermal basal cells to basementmembrane?A.HeparinB.Dermatan sulfateC.ProcollagenD.FibronectinE.Hyaluronic acid18. A middle-aged man experienced suddendeath preceeded by severe abdominal painwith hypotension and shock. From the grossappearance of the mesentery, seen in thefigure, which of the following events hasmost likely occurred?A.AcutepancreatitisB.Small intestinalperforationC.Tuberculous peritonitis(结核性腹膜炎)D.GangrenouscholecystitisE.Hepatitis B virus infection19. Which of the following substances ismost likely responsible for theinteraction between the cytoskeleton andthe extracellular matrix in a woundhealingexperiment?A.Type IVcollagenB.FibronectinC.Epidermal growth factorD.Platelet-derived growth factorE.Integrin20. After two months, a wound healing by secondary intention is only 10% of its original size. Which of the following processes best accounts for the observed decrease in wound size over the past 6 weeks?A.Resolution of subcutaneous edemaB.Elaboration of adhesive glycoproteinsC.Inhibition of metalloproteinasesD.Myofibroblast contractionE.Increase in synthesis of collagen21. For a regular sarean section(剖宫产手术) incision, which of the following statements best describes the wound site at the time of suture removal (around 1 week after the operation)?A.Type IV collagen predominatesB.No more wound strength will begainedC.Wound strength is 80% of normaltissueD.Granulation tissue is stillpresentE.Collagen degradation exceedssynthesis22. In an experiment, two groups of testanimals are infected,one with viralhepatitis and one with bacterial organisms.Two months later, complete recovery of thenormal liver architecture is observedmicroscopically in the former group ofanimals, while fibrous scars fromresolving abscesses are seenmicroscopically in the latter group ofanimal livers. Which of the followingfactors best explains the differentoutcomes for these two testgroups?A.Extent of damage to the bileductsB.Injury to the connective tissueframeworkC.Extent of liver cellinjuryD.Location of thelesionE.Nature of the etiologic agent23. Which of the following pathologicfindings would most likely be seen in aleft ventricle, which had undergone asevere myocardial infarction 1 monthearlier?pleteresolutionB.NodularregenerationC.CoagulativenecrosisD.FibrousscarE.Abscess24. Which of the following steps in the inflammatory-repair response is most likely affected by neutralization of transforming growth factor- β?A.Production of collagenB.Migration of epithelial cellsC.Leukocyte extravasationD.Chemotaxis of lymphocytesE.Increase in vascular permeability25. Liquefaction associated with necrosis occurs after infarction of the:A.heartB.kidneyC.brainD.liverE.spleen 26. By pathologic definition，gangrenousnecrosis occur together with:A.desiccation(脱水)B.colliguative necrosisC.involvement of a limbD.infection of the tissues withGram-positive organismsE.putrefaction27. Amyloid reacts with the followingstains:A.Gram stainingB.fluoroscein isothiocyanateC.Prussian stainingD.methyl greenE.Congo red28. The essential constituents of primaryamyloidinclude:A.immunoglobulinplementC.albuminD.starchE.globulin29. hich of the following materials can befound microscopically in a atheromatousplaque specimen, in the form of crystalsthat produce long, cleft likespaces?A.ImmunoglobulinB.LipofuscinC.CholesterolD.GlycogenE.Hemosiderin。