初一寒假生活(英语专版)

江油启晨教育学校校本
寒假英语
(七年级上册）
2020年春
第1课时Starter Unit1--Unit4
第一节（词汇活用）
1．photo(n.)→________(同义词)照片2．dictionary(n.)→____________(pl.)词典3．watch(n.)→________(pl.)手表4．one(num.)→________(序数词) 5．nine(num.)→________(序数词)6．help(n.&v.)→________(adj.)有用的7．find(v.)→________(过去式)8．think(v.)→________(过去式) 9．know(v.)→________(过去式)10．spell(v.)→_______________(过去式) 11．see(v.)→________(过去式)12．color(n.)→________(adj.)颜色鲜艳的13．friend(n.)→________(adj.)友好的→__________(n.)友谊
14．thank(v.)→________(adj.)感激的→________(n.)感谢；谢谢
15．good(adj.)→________(adv.)→________(比较级)→________(最高级)
16．have(v.)→________(第三人称单数)
17．you(pron.)→________(宾格)→________(形容词性物主代词)→________(名词性物主代词)→___________________(反身代词)
第二节（句型再现）
1．这/那个用英语怎么说？______________________________________________
2．它是什么颜色的？______________________________________________
3．这是我的两张漂亮的全家福。

______________________________________________ 4．Coco也是我家中的一个成员。

______________________________________________ 5．这/那些是我的兄弟们。

______________________________________________
6．多谢你的帮助。

______________________________________________
7．去老师那里拿。

_____________________________________________
8．我整洁，但吉娜却不整洁。

______________________________________________ 9．吉娜的书到处都是。

______________________________________________
10．我认为它在你爷爷奶奶的房间。

______________________________________________
第三节（重难聚焦）
考点1.good/fine/nice/well
good作形容词，指事物的质量好或指人的品德好。

fine作形容词，指天气、气质、发育好或身体好。

nice作形容词，指(人、话语、味道、天气等)令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的。

well作形容词，指身体健康，相当于fine；作副词，修饰动词，表示好。

例练1
1．不要担心。

他很好。

____________________________________________________ 2．Jim is________(good)educated in his childhood and never argues with others.
3．He is a________person.He always helps others.A．fine B．nice C．well
考点2.family/home/house/room
family作名词，意为“家；家庭”，是一个集体名词。

作主语时，若指家庭这一整体，谓语动词用单数；若指家庭成员，谓语动词用复数。

home作名词，意为“家”，主要指一个人出生或居住的地方，也可以指“家乡；故乡”，含有感情色彩。

house作名词，指建筑物、住宅。

room作可数名词时，意为“房间”；作不可数名词时，意为“空间”。

例练2
1．East or west,home is the best.___________________________________________________ 2．Jack‘s________is not far from here.There are4people in his________．
A．house;family B．family;family C．family;house
3．It‘s so crowded here.Let’make some________for the baby.
A．house B．room C．home
考点3.say/speak/tell/talk
say作动词，强调说话的内容或表示“某处写有……”。

speak作及物动词，指说某种语言；作不及物动词，表示说话的动作。

tell作动词，意为“告诉；讲述”。

常见搭配：tell sb.sth.＝tell sth.to sb.;tell sb.(not)to do sth.；tell sb.about sth.。

talk作动词，强调两个人之间的谈话。

常见搭配：talk to/with sb.;talk about sth.。

例练3
1．露西会说一点中文。

___________________________________________________
2．The mother________(讲)a story to her baby every evening.
3．My father is________to his friends on the phone.
A．saying B．speaking C．talking
考点4.find/look for/find out/discover
find作动词，意为“找到；发现”，强调结果；另外，find可接复合结构“find it＋adj.＋to do sth.(发现做某事……)”。

look for意为“寻找”，强调动作。

find out意为“查明；发现；了解”，强调经过认真观察、调查或研究而得知。

discover作动词，意为“发现；发觉”，指发现某种情况或早已存在而不为人知的东西。

例练4
1．李明发现学好英语不容易。

Li Ming________________difficult________learn English well.
2．I'm________my watch everywhere,but I can't________it.
A．finding;find out B．looking for;find C．finding;look for
3．Columbus___________(发现)America in1492.
考点5.What/How about…？
What/How about＋n./pron./doing…？(询问消息或提出建议)意为“……怎么样？”。

肯定答语：OK！/All right./Good idea.
否定答语：Sorry,I…/I'm afraid not.
其他常见的提建议句型如下
例练5
1．I'm going to swim this afternoon.
What about________(you)?
2．今天天气很好。

我们去公园散步怎
么样？
___________________________________________________
3．—How about________a gift for our teachers on Teachers'Day?
—Sounds great.
A．buy B．to buy C．buying
考点6.thank v.感谢；谢谢
1“thanks for(doing)sth.”与“thank you for(doing)sth.”同义，意为“因……而感谢……”，for 是介词，强调感谢的原因。

Thanks for your help.＝Thanks for helping me.谢谢你的帮助。

2.thanks to与because of同义，意为“多亏……；由于……”，to是介词，强调感谢的对象。

Thanks to the volunteers'help,the kids can cross the road safely every day.多亏了志愿者们的帮助，每天孩子们能安全地过马路。

例练6
1．谢谢你的建议。

我会认真学习英语的。

___________________________________________________
2．________the high technology,we're living a more convenient life now.
A．Thanks to B．Thanks for C．Thanks of
3．Thank you for________me your notebook.
A．lend B．Lending C．to lend
考点7.help v．&n.帮助；援助
help作名词时，常用于以下搭配：
with the help of sb.＝with sb.'s help在某人的帮助下
ask sb.for help向某人求助
【注意】can't help(to)do sth.不能帮助做某事
例练7
1．他放学后经常帮助同学学习英语。

_______________________________________________________________
2．She couldn't help________when she heard the bad news.
A．cry B．to cry C．crying
3．The old lady walked across the street________the help of the kind boy.
A．by B．in C．with
考点8.ask v．请求；要求；询问
例练8
1．你可以询问我有关学校的任何事情。

___________________________________________________
2．Our teachers asked us not________in the river during the summer vacation.
A．swim B．to swim C．swimming
3．He often asks his classmates________help when he is in trouble.
A．to B．for C．with
考点9.E­mail me at maryg2@.给我发电子邮件到maryg2@。

Call me at685­6034.拨打电话685­6034找我。

“e­mail sb.at＋电子邮箱地址”意为“给某人发电子邮件到……”；
“call sb.at＋电话号码”意为“拨打电话……找某人”。

【拓展】call还有“拜访”之意，常用搭配：call on＋某人；call at＋某地。

例练9
1．If you want to come,call me________855­9042.
A．with B．in C．at
2．________me at Tanya@．
A．Call B．E­mail C．Phone
3．请拨打110找警察寻求帮助。

Please________the police________110________help.
考点10.I think it's in your grandparents'room.我认为它在你爷爷奶奶的房间。

1.“I think…”意为“我想……；我认为……”，后面接that引导的宾语从句时，that可省略。

2.“I think so.”意为“我认为是这样的”。

它表示对别人观点的赞同；其否定形式为“I don't think so.”，表示对别人观点的不赞同。

【拓展】(1)“sb.think(s)…”意为“某人认为……”。

★后接that引导的宾语从句，从句表达否定意义时，形式上要否定主句。

即“否定前移”；
I don't think it is difficult to learn English well.我认为学好英语不难。

★主句中含有think时，变反意疑问句分两种情况：
①主句的主语是第一人称时，附加部分主语与从句保持一致(主句若是否定形式，则附加部分用肯定形式)。

I think she is going to Changsha tomorrow,isn't she?我认为她明天要去长沙，不是吗？
②主句的主语是第二、三人称时，附加部分主语与主句保持一致。

Tom thinks Sarah will go to the Great Wall with him,doesn't he？汤姆认为萨拉会和他一起去长城，不是吗？
3.sb.think(s)it＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋to do sth.意为“某人认为做某事(对于某人)是……”。

例练10
1．—I think it's going to rain soon.
—________Look,the sun is shining brightly.
A．I think so.B．I don't think so.C．I think not.
2．—You think Lucy will be late,________？
—No,the train is usually on time.
A．do you B．don't you C．doesn't she
3．I think________good to study in a group.
A．that B．it C．Its
第1课时StarterUnit1--Unit4
基础达标
一、经典句型
1.Well,___________________!那好，愿你们(一天)玩得开心！
2.___________________two nice photos of my family.这里有两张我家人的漂亮照片。

3.___________________your help.谢谢你的帮助。

4.___________________do you___________________it?你如何拼写它呢？
5.___________________me___________________685­6034.请拨打电话685­6034找我。

二、情景交际
问候他人
1.—Good morning,Alice!早上好，艾丽斯！—___________________,Cindy!早上好，辛迪！
2.—Hello,Frank!你好，弗兰克！—___________________,Eric!你好，埃里克！
3.—How are you?你好吗？—___________________,___________________.我很好，谢谢。

4.—___________________.见到你很高兴。

—Nice to meet you,too.见到你我也很高兴。

介绍自己
5.—___________________your___________________?你叫什么名字？—Alan.艾伦。

6.—___________________Helen?你是海伦吗？
—No,I’m not.I’m Gina.不，我不是。

我是吉娜。

介绍他人
7.___________________my friend Jane.这/那是我的朋友简。

8.___________________are my brothers.这些/那些是我的兄弟们。

确认事物及颜色
9.—___________________this___________________?这个用英语怎么说？
—It’s an orange.它是一个橙子。

10.—___________________is it?它是什么颜色的？—It’s orange.它是橙黄色的。

确认物品所属
11.—___________________your pencil?这是你的铅笔吗？—Yes,it is.It’s mine.是的，它是我的。

12.—Are those your books?那些是你的书吗？
—No,___________________.They are hers.不，它们不是。

它们是她的。

谈论物品的位置
13.—__________________his pencil?他的铅笔在哪儿？—It’s in his schoolbag.它在他的书包里。

14.—Where are my books?我的书在哪里？—They’re___________________.它们在沙发上。

中考链接
单项填空
1.—Time will________whether I made the right choice or not.
—I believe you can succeed.
A.see
B.say
C.know
D.tell
2.There are some________on the classroom walls.
A.map
B.desks
C.pictures
D.books
3.—Is this Kate's bicycle?
—No,________is under the tree.She put it there this morning.
A.his
B.hers
C.mine
D.yours
4.—What is your sister's favorite________？
—She is always in red.Don't you know?
A.song
B.movie
C.color
D.food
5.—Judy,I will have a meeting in Canada next week.
—Well,you'd better take a________with you,or you may easily get lost.
A.photo
B.stamp
C.map
D.postcard
6.—________do you study English?
—By listening to tapes and watching English movies.
A.How
B.Where
C.When
D.What
7.Lucy________“quiet”into“quite”in the exam yesterday,because these two words were very similar.
A.created
B.provided
C.spelt
D.took
8.My friend Lucy asks me to________her at the coffee shop tomorrow afternoon.
A.express
B.meet
C.learn
D.invite
9.The girl in Room107is my________.She is my uncle's daughter.
A.sister
B.aunt
C.cousin
D.brother
10.Sally had a high fever,________she kept on working as usual.
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
11.Many students write to Language Doctor to________advice about learning English.
A.look through
B.ask for
C.give up
D.look up
12.—Hello,this is Sally.May I speak to Mr.Green?
—I'm sorry.I think you have the wrong________.
A.number
B.address
C.science
D.picture
13.—Are there any rules in your family?
—Yes.In order to make rooms________，my mother asks us to clean our house every day.
A.tidy
B.empty
C.dirty
D.busy
14.You and I will change along with time,but the photographs________remain the same.
A.never
B.seldom
C.sometimes
D.always
附加题（难）
完形填空
Friendship,which you think may have lost,will come back amazingly.I had a best friend 1the age of7.Two years later,her family moved to England.Before she left,she gave me a similar bracelet(手镯)to2.She said it was like our friendship.She also told me to be 3with it and remember our friendship.She4that she would be back to visit me one day.
Years passed,5I never saw her.I took the bracelet off,because I thought she might have forgotten me.
Guess what!All these years,our parents6kept in touch(保持联系).One day,they decided to see each other at the city where we lived,without telling ter that night,when we met,we were both7，and of course，very pleasant to see each other again.Then we8 the things that happened to us all these years.In the conversation,she found I wasn't9the bracelet she gave me,so she asked why.I explained the10with patience.Then she said，
“I promised you that I would come back,so here I am today.I always remember our friendship.I will do everything I can to keep my promise.”
1.A.by B.in C.at D.from
2.A.mine B.hers C.ours D.theirs
3.A.careful fortable C.careless D.wonderful
4.A.agreed B.told C.promised D.offered
5.A.because B.and C.so D.but
6.A.still B.always C.never D.seldom
7.A.moved B.surprised C.interested D.bored
8.A.talked about B.cheered up C.got out D.put off
9.A.dressing B.bringing C.carrying D.wearing
10.A.hope B.reason C.purpose D.message
第2课时Units5－Units9
第一节（词汇活用）
1.tomato(n.)→________(pl.)西红柿
2．art(n.)→________(n.)艺术家
3．love(v.&n．)→________(adj.)可爱的
4．long(adj.)→________(n.)长；长度
5．fat(adj.)→________(比较级)→________(最高级)
6．free(adj.)→________(adv.)自由地→________(n.)自由
7．go(v.)→________(过去式)→________(过去分词)
8．eat(v.)→________(过去式)→________(过去分词)
9．buy(v.)→________(过去式)→________(过去分词)→________(反义词)
10．sell(v.)→________(过去式)→________(过去分词)→________(n.)特价销售；出售
11.take(v.)→________(过去式)→________(过去分词)→________(反义词)
12．interesting(adj.)→________(n.)兴趣→________(adj.)感兴趣的
13．health(n.)→________(adj.)健康的→________(adv.)健康地
14．music(n.)→________(adj.)音乐的→________(n.)音乐家
15．relax(v.)→________(adj.)放松的；不受拘束的→________(adj.)令人放松的
16．use(v.&n.)→________(adj.)有用的；有益的→________(形容词的反义词)无用的17．difficult(adj.)→________(n.)困难→________(反义词)
18．happy(adj.)→________(adv.)快乐地→____________(n.)幸福→________(反义词)不高兴的第二节（句型再现）
1．听起来不错！_______________________________________________
2．你早餐喜欢吃什么？________do you___________________________？
3．这些袜子多少钱？________________________these socks?
4．我能帮你吗？______________________________________________
5．对于女孩们来说，我们有只要20美元的紫色裙子。

________girls,we have skirts________________________only20________．
6．你的生日是哪天？_______________________________________________
7．他最喜欢的科目是什么？________________________________
第三节.重难聚焦
考点1.a pair of一双
“a pair of＋复数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与pair的单复数形式保持一致。

This pair of glasses is very good.这副眼镜很好。

The two pairs of sports shoes are my uncle's.这两双运动鞋是我叔叔的。

例练1
1．这副眼镜你戴起来很好看。

___________________________________________________
2．Two pairs of trousers________(be)needed for school.
3．These pairs of socks________mine and that pair of socks________my brother's.
A．are;are B．is;are C．are;is
考点2.busy adj.忙碌的；无暇的
busy为形容词，其反义词为free，意为“空闲的”。

★be busy with sth.忙于某事
Are you busy with your homework？你正忙于做作业吗？
★be busy(in)doing sth.忙于做某事
Mr.Smith is busy writing a letter.史密斯先生正忙着写信。

例练2
1．The final exam is coming,and my classmates are busy________their schoolwork every day.
A．with B．in C．for
2．The shop assistants are busy________the big sale.
A．prepare for B．to prepare for C．preparing for
考点3.finish v．完成；做好
finish后常接名词或动名词。

When can you finish(doing)the work?你什么时候能完成这项工作？
例练3
1．After she finished________the book,Judy wrote a review.
A．read B．to read C．reading
2．Be quiet!He hasn't finished________(speak)．
考点4.play v．参加(比赛或运动)；玩耍
play球类/棋类play football\chess足球/下象棋
play+西洋乐器play the violin拉小提琴
play with sb.与某人一起玩
play role part in..……作用
James plays an important role in the activity.詹姆斯在这次活动中起着重要的作用。

He often plays with his children after work.他下班经常和孩子们一起玩耍。

play作名词时，意为“剧本；戏剧”。

Qiong Yao wrote many famous plays.琼瑶写了许多著名的剧本。

例练4
1．The boys in our class would like to_______________(打篮球)instead of doing exercises.
2．The talented girl can play________piano well.
A．a B．The C．an
3．The patient teacher________an important role in the lonely kid's childhood.
A．plays B．Tells C．finds
考点5.buy/sell
buy sth.from sb.从某人那里买某物
buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.给某人买某物
sell sb.sth.­sell sth.to sb把某物卖给某人
on sale出售for sale待售sell out售完sell off甩卖例
例练5
1．教师节快到了。

我想给我的老师买些礼物。

_____________________________________________________________________
2．My father always________beautiful flowers for Mom on Women's Day every year.
A．buys B．sells C．tells
3．Unluckily,the tickets of Wolf WarriorsⅡhave been________；we can't watch it today.
A．sold off B．sold out C．on sale
考点6.bring/take/get/carry
词条含义及常用结构
bring带来bring sb.sth.back＝bring sth.back for sb.给某人带回某物
take拿走take sth.away把某物带走take sth.with sb.随身携带某物get去取来get sth.for sb.给某人取来某物
carry携带carry sth.携带某物
例练6
用bring,take,carry或get的适当形式填空
1．Don't forget to________your camera here tomorrow.
2．Do you know the lady who is________a baby in her arms?
3．Could you go and________a drink for me?I'm thirsty.
4．Please________an umbrella with you.It's going to rain.
考点7.look/see/watch/read
词条含义固定搭配
look看(强调动作)；看起来look at看……look like看起来像……
see看见(强调结果)；观看see a doctor看医生see a film看电影
watch注视；观看(比赛、电视)watch TV看电视watch a game/match观看比赛read读；阅读read books看书read a newspaper看报read magazines看杂志例练7
1．The hard­working students are________the blackboard,but they can't________anything.
A．seeing;look B．looking at;see C．watching;see
2．My grandpa likes________(看)the morning news on TV before breakfast.
3．My son prefers to________short novels in his free time.
A．see B．watch C．read
考点8Let's…
Let's...(让我们.......)肯定回答:Ok/Sure Certainly Good idea/All right.
否定回答:Sorry,I....或No，let's...........
let ab.do sth让某人做某事
反意疑问句Let's...,shall we?Let us...,will you?
例练8
1．Let them________the tree.It's very dangerous.
A．not to climb B．not climb C．climb
2．Let's listen to a piece of music now,____________？(完成反意疑问句)
3．—It's a nice day.Let's go for a picnic.
—________
A．I don't know.B．Good idea.C．Have a good time.
考点9.I don't want to be fat.我可不想变胖。

want sth想要某物
want to do sth=would like to do sth.want想要做某事
want sh to do sth.=would like sh.to do sth.想要某人做某事
If you want something,you should fight for it.如果你想要什么，你就必须为之奋斗。

They want to play tennis.他们想要打网球。

My parents want me to study hard at school.我父母想要我在学校努力学习。

例练9
1．我想要一部智能手机。

_____________________________________________________ 2．Linda wants________a new scarf for her mom.A．to buy B．buy C．buying
3．My parents want me________a doctor when I grow up.A．is B．am C．to be
考点10.how much/how many
词条含义常用句型
how much(询问价格)多少钱How much is/are sth.(worth)?
＝How much do/does sth.cost?
＝What's the price of sth.?
(询问数量)多少How much＋不可数名词＋其他?
how many(询问数量)多少How many＋复数可数名词＋其他?
How much water do you need？你需要多少水？
How many apples do you want？你想要多少苹果？
例练10
1．The radio is50dollars.(对画线部分提问)
________________is the radio?
2．My brother has about twenty balls.(对画线部分提问)
________________balls does your brother have?
3．How much are their new clothes?(改为同义句)
________the________________their new clothes?
4．—________pocket money do you usually get every month?
—Thirty yuan.What about you?
A．How often B．How long C．How much
Units5-Units9
基础达标
一、经典句型
1.Hey,Helen,__________________!嘿，海伦，我们走吧！
2.___________________.那听起来不错。

3.I____________a soccer ball,____________my brother Alan___________.我没有足球，但我哥哥艾伦有。

4.___________________,I like…早饭/午饭/晚饭我喜欢(吃)……
5.___________________your clothes at our great sale!我们在大甩卖，快来买衣服吧！
6.We sell all our clothes___________________.我们卖的所有服装价格都很优惠。

7.Is that OK__________________?那对你来说合适吗？
二、情景交际
谈论是否有某物
1.—______________a ping­pong bat?你有乒乓球拍吗？
—Yes,________________./__________________,I don’t.I__________________a ping­pong ball.
是的，我有。

/不，我没有。

我有一个乒乓球。

2.—__________________a tennis ball?她有网球吗？
—No,__________________.She__________________a baseball.不，她没有。

她有一个棒球。

谈论喜好
3.—__________________salad?你喜欢沙拉吗？
—Yes,__________________./No,__________________.是的，我喜欢。

/不，我不喜欢。

4.__________________ice­cream.他喜欢冰激凌。

5.________________vegetables.他不喜欢蔬菜。

6.—__________________your__________________?你最喜欢的学科是什么？
—My_________________P.E.我最喜欢的学科是体育。

购物
7.—__________________?我可以帮助你吗？
—Yes,please.I need a sweater for school.是的，谢谢。

我需要一件上学穿的毛衣。

8.—__________________?我能为你做些什么？
—I’m__________________a skirt for my daughter.我正在为我的女儿找一条裙子。

9.—_______________do you want?你想要什么颜色的？
—Blue.蓝色的。

10.—__________________this one？这一件怎么样？
—It__________________.它看起来不错。

11.—__________________this/that T­shirt?这/那件T恤衫多少钱？
—__________________seven dollars.七美元。

—__________________.我买了。

12.—_________________these pants?这些裤子多少钱？
—__________________ten dollars.10美元。

—I’ll__________________.我买了。

询问原因并给出理由
13.—__________________P.E.?你为什么喜欢体育？
—__________________it’s fun.因为它很有趣。

询问日期
14.—__________________is your birthday?你的生日在什么时候？
—My birthday is______________.我的生日在五月二日。

15.—When is_________________?儿童节是什么时候？
—It’s on June1st.在六月一日。

邀请
16.—__________________play computer games!让我们玩电脑游戏吧！
—That__________________.那听起来很有趣。

17.—Peter,______________go to the movies with me this Saturday?彼得，这周六你愿意和我一起去看电影吗？
—Sure,__________________.当然，我很乐意。

二、中考链接
1.—I go swimming every day.
—Wow！That's a good________.It keeps you healthy.
A.match
B.task
C.habit
D.dream
2.Frenchmen are outgoing.It is________to make friends with them.
A.easy
B.proud
C.polite
D.important
3.Robert is so________that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends.
A.busy
B.smart
C.serious
D.pleased
4.Fruit is good for our health,so I often have breakfast with one________.
A.candy
B.cake
C.banana
D.hamburger
5.—Would you like to see the menu,sir?
—No,thank you.I already know what I want to________.
A.ask
B.eat
C.book
D.make
6.—I enjoy the story.It's interesting.
—And it gives us a________.We should be friendly to others.
A.skill
B.lesson
C.way
D.game
7.—Let's go mountain climbing this Sunday,Lucy.
—That________a good idea.
A.sounds
B.smells
C.feels
D.touches
8.Thanks to better health care,more people are living________today than before.
A.longer
B.richer
C.busier
D.shorter
9.—Jack,what do you think of the book you bought last week?
—It is a little________，because there are too many new words in it.
A.expensive
cational
C.interesting
D.difficult
10.Lily always forgets to________her books to school so she has to borrow the books from me.
A.want
B.need
C.take
D.bring
11.Our English class is very________.We all love it.
A.boring
B.fun
C.difficult
D.lucky
12.Kate's favourite________is art,because she likes drawing.
A.experience
B.exercise
C.choice
D.subject
13.—________not take up watching the English movies as your hobby?
—My English isn't so good,you know.
A.When
B.What
C.How
D.Why
14.There is not much________in the fridge.Please go to the supermarket to buy some.
A.apple
B.potato
C.bread
D.egg
附加题（难）
完形填空
Learning subjects like math,history and art at school seems quite normal.
But schools in Finland have made some1.Finnish schools will go on teaching normal2，just like schools in China.But children will3learn more different topics.
In these topics,students are expected to learn4skills at the same time.For example,in the“European Union”topic,students will learn about the languages,history and geography of different European countries.
The teaching method is known as“phenomenon－based(现象式)”teaching.
Educators in Finland think that schools should5what young people need in their lives.Besides,they also make learning more meaningful to students.
The idea of subjects in school has been a common one in all parts of the world since the beginning6education.But the subjects being taught have always had something to 7the lifestyle at the time.More than2，000years ago in China,children were taught things like horse riding.That is why they used those things in8life.South American children provided something related to armed forces and writing.Children in the Middle East learned to use a knife,as well as reading and writing.
Today language is important for Chinese,so children learn English.Technology and science is also a big part of today's world,9most children learn it.
Every basic Finnish school for the7to16­year­olds has at least one period of phenomenon－based teaching and learning in10problems.
1. A.stories B.ways C.changes D.problems
2. A.subjects B.jobs C.matches D.work
3. A.already B.never C.also D.hardly
4. A.difficult B.interesting C.different D.easy
5. A.lend B.teach C.produce D.buy
6. A.of B.from C.in D.at
7.A.do with B.agree with C.talk with D.provide with
8. A.interesting B.real C.boring D.beautiful
9. A.but B.if C.so D.and
10. A.its B.his C.her D.their
第三课时、名词冠词
考点一、名词的分类
名词是表示人或事物名称的词,它分为名词和名词两大类。

普通名词又分为名词和名词。

可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词,有单数和复数之分;不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,没有复数形式。

考点二不可数名词
1.常见的不可数名词有三类：
①水质的：water,milk,juice
②粉末状的：bread,chalk
③油质的：butter,soap
2.雷打不动十大不可数名词：
luck,weather,news,work,music,fun,information,health,progress,advice.
3.不可数名词不能与数词连用。

不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用两种方法：
①用much,a little,a lot of/lots of,some,any等表示多少
例练1
The rich man has money.
There is milk in the bottle.
Is there water in the glass?
I don't like winter because there's snow and ice.
②不可数名词要表达量，必须借助数量词短语。

e.g.一条新闻：一块面包：
一杯咖啡：一块肥皂：
注意他们的复数形式：只变数量词。

a cup of coffee→
那半杯咖啡怎么说呢？
常见量词：a piece of/a bottle of/a basket of/a block of/a pair of/a cup of
考点三可数名词
1．规则名词复数形式的构成
①直接+
例练2book,girl,chair,student
②以字母­s,­x,­ch,­sh结尾的名词,在词尾加
例练3bus,box,peach,watch,dish 注意：month、mouth直接加
③以字母­f,­fe结尾的名词,把­f,­fe变为
例练4：thief,wife,leaf,knife,shelf, half,wolf,life
注意：chief belief proof roof直接加（口诀：首领信仰证据
在屋顶上）
④以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变
例练5family—,baby—
注意：以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,
例练6boy,monkey,toy
⑤以o结尾的名词，加
例练7photo,radio,piano,zoo,video 注意：Negro—,hero—,potato—,tomato—
（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿）
2.不规则变化
①child—（后面加个“人”）,mouse—（老鼠爱吃rice）
②sheep—，deer—,fish—
（强调种类时，复数用fishes）（单复同形）
③变单词内部的元音字母
man—,woman—a→e
tooth—,foot—,goose—oo→ee
④表“国人”的名词：(中日不变，英法变，其他后面加s)
a.Chinese—,Japanese—,Swiss—(瑞士人)
b.Englishman—,Frenchman—,
c.American—,German—(以­can,­an结尾的国人+s)
⑤apple tree—,girl friend—,boy student—，
但man doctor—,woman doctor—
⑥集体名词family,class,team，group等强调“整体”谓语(数)强调“成员”谓语(数)
⑦群体名词：people,police两词本身就是“数”，谓语动词用“复数”（be动词应用are）
⑧仅有复数形式：trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,scissors,compasses
⑨只用作单数的复数形式的名词：physics(物理),maths(数学),politics(政治),
拓展：art艺术,history(历史),biology(生物),geography(地理),psychology(心理)
考点四名词所有格
1.有生命名词的所有格其单数形式是加，其复数形式是；
如其结尾不是s的复数名词加。

e.g.a student's room,students'rooms,father's shoes,Teachers’Day,Children’s Day,Women’s Day
2.无生命名词的所有格常用所有格。

the door of the room,a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country
3.and连接两个并列的单数名词，分别有’s，则表示“”。

e.g.Tom's and Mary's bikes（）
and连接两个并列的单数名词，只有最后一个名词有’s，则表示“”。

e.g.Tom and Mary's mother（）
4.双重所有格有两种形式：
(1)of+名词所有格；
(2)of+名词性物主代词
a friend of my father's,
a daughter of hers
5.表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加上’s代表全称。

at the doctor’s
6.由some­,any­,every­与­one/­body结合的复合名词，
如someone,everybody等和else连用时，’s应加在else后。

somebody else’s pencil
7.表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、城市等名词的所有格可用’s或’。

a twenty minutes’walk,an hour’s ride,two weeks’time,ten miles’journey,a boat’s length,
two pounds’weight,ten dollars’worth
冠词
一、不定冠词a/an的用法
1.用于前。

e.g.This is a book.
2.泛指人或事物的，以区别于其他种类。

e.g.A plane is a machine that can fly.
3.泛指。

e.g.A young man is waiting for you.
4.用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“”的意思，相当于every.
e.g.Take three pills a day and you’ll get better soon.We have a music class once a week.
5.用在某些物质名称、抽象名词或专有名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。

◆物质名词：coffee,food,tea,fruit,fog,rain,snow,wind等
例练1heavy rain fell yesterday.I would like coffee and two beers.
◆抽象名词
例练2I am not sure I’ll win,but I’ll have try.Music is really great pleasure.
◆专有名词
例练3He is Chinese and now is working as a doctor in Japan.
I remember he came here on Sunday and left soon.
6.不可数名词前加不定冠词
不可数名词如：education,history,knowledge,population,time,world等。

例练4long time
Have long history
Receive good education
7.用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前。

例练5knife and fork
a/an的区别：
a用于音素开头，an用于音素开头，判断一个词是元音开头还是辅音开头，要根据其读音而不是字母。

我们可以这样记“不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音。

”
例练6honest boy
There is“f”in the word“five”.
◆26个字母中，用“an”的字母有“a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x”,其他都用.
◆注意以u开头的单词
例练7umbrella unusual story unhappy boy university useful book
8.不定冠词的习惯用法
与时间和方式有关的短语
as a result因此in a word总之
in a moment立刻once in a while偶尔
half an hour半个小时twice a week每周两次
in a loud voice大声地with a smile微笑着
二、定冠词
1.定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。

例练8bag in the desk is mine.
Is this book you are looking for?
Do you know man in black?
2.定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。

例练9I bought a book from Xinhua book­shop.book costs15yuan.
I saw a film yesterday.film was ended at eight o'clock.
Lucy bought a radio yesterday,but she found something was wrong with radio.
3.定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。

：在火星上不用the on Mars
e.g.the sun the moon the earth
the sky the world the sea
例练10sun is bigger than the moon.
I can see a bird in sky.
I like to have a walk with bright moon light in the evening.
4.定冠词与单数名词连用，表示这一类人或物。

例练11dog is not too danger.cat is an animal.
umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season.
5.定冠词与某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，表示某一类人。

e.g.the poor the rich the wounded
the sick the deaf
例练12wounded were brought to the hospital.
He always helps poor.
deaf can go to this special school.
6.用在序数词，形容词最高级及only，very，same等词修饰的名词前和表示方位的名词前。

例练13This is biggest city in China I have ever visited.
He is last one to help me.
He is only one I know in the city.
7.定冠词用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。

例练14The little girl likes to play violin.
They are going to cinema tonight.
8.定冠词用在姓名复数之前，表示一家人。

例练15Greens is very kind to us.
Whites like the classic music.
9.用于“the＋比较级”与of the two连用，表示“”或“the＋比较级，the
＋比较级”表示“”。

例练16He is taller of the two boys.
more you eat，fatter you will be.
the在短语中的别用
a number of:后接可数名词复数，谓语动词形式
the number of:后接可数名词复数，谓语动词形式
a second:in front of:在……前面
the second:in the front of:在空间内部最前面
in bed:in school（hospital）:
in the bed:in the school：
the+职业and+职业：，谓语动词用数
the+职业and+the+职业：，谓语动词用数。