兰大考博英语试题
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：23
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题With the severe shortage of energy supply, we are facing the （） of a very hard winter. 问题1选项A.expectationB.prospectC.promiseD.damage【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。
expectation “预料” ; prospect “前景”；promise “承诺”;damage “毁坏”。
句意：因为能源供应的严重短缺，我们将面临一个艰难的冬天。
选项B符合题意。
2.翻译题在中国人的心目中，似乎没有一部书可以与《红楼梦》比肩，它既可以拥有亿万的读者,也带有众多的谜团。
它是中国古典小说的巅峰之作，有一般文化的人都可以读懂它，但是即便很有学问的人也不敢说尽解某奥妙……也正因为如此，近一百多年来，它被翻译成多种文字，在国外赢得越来越多的读者，为传播中国文化起到了积极的作用。
【答案】As for Chinese people, “A Dream of Red Mansions” is the greatest book that no book can compare with and hundreds of millions of people like to read. And there are also many mysteries in this book. It represents the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels and people who are half educated can read and understand it. But some learned people don’t dare to explain subtleties contained in it…Thus, it has been translated into various languages for about 100 years and accepted more and more foreign readers, which plays an active role in spreading Chinese culture.3.单选题I don’t mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive （） for dinner.问题1选项A.unusuallyB.excessivelyC.consequentlyD.unexpectedly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。
兰州大学考博英语真题及其精解
兰州大学考博英语真题及其精解1.This rock has to be_______in order to build a road.A.blastedB.exploredC.hiredD.maintained2.He did not go to the party last night,which_______her feelings deeply.A.woundedB.injuredC.hurtD.injury3.When they returned to the river,they found that the boat had _______away.A.framedB.frostedC.frownedD.floated4.If you need further information,please_______our office.A.constantB.constructC.contactD.contain5.During the war,many soldiers were killed not by_______,but by disease.A.bulledtsB.devilC.bibleD.depth6.We watched the ship until it became only a_______in the distance.A.pointB.jarC.stoveD.dot7.The English proverb‘_______the rod and spoil the child’means that if you deep from punishing the child,you will spoil its character.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.A.ruleB.rugC.clapD.spare8.The_______was only sentenced to pay a fine of$10,000.A.wormB.trialC.tubeD.criminal9.Higher education in China is free but the_______for entrance is strong.parisonB.consequencepetitionD.crawl10.The light is too_______for me to read.I can not stand any more.A.ridB.ripeC.soupD.dim11.The water_______from the tap and damaged all the books in my study.A.sprayedB.puzzledC.inclinedD.exported12.In the United States,Congress makes the laws and the President _______them.A.ordersB.conquersC.executesD.hedges13.She is too_______to answer questions in the class.A.eagleB.coughC.eagerD.couch14.We enjoy seeing the glorious_______of the rising sun.A.beamsB.beansC.beefD.beer15.In the_______English reading course,the students have to read a lot.A.extensiveB.mechanicalC.mercuryD.opera16.He gave up his study in college in_______.A.bundleB.butcherC.ashD.despair17.Several people_______the car accident.A.witnessedB.provedC.swallowedD.drugged18.They will_______the project with the necessary funds.A.referB.relateC.furnaceD.furnish19.I took it for_______that you wouldn’t come here again.A.grandB.tameC.grantedD.thumb20.He was sent to London on a special_______.A.missingB.missileC.missionD.mistress21.This light shelf is strong enough to_______all the books here.A.wipeB.waxC.surveyD.sustain22.The_______Court is the highest court in the United States.A.VitalB.ThunderC.ReverseD.Supreme23.Our university has an international student exchange_______ with the University of Wyoming in the United States.A.processionB.provisionC.professionD.program24.He________of me the best way to go.A.investigatedB.inquiredC.frightenedD.resorted25.Mr.White tried to_______this job through the influence of his father.A.harnessB.fetchC.curseD.obtain26.The police dog finally found the_______of the prisoners of war.A.steepB.resolutionC.porterD.trail27.As the only_______in the small village,he not only fixedthe furniture but also made furniture for the villagers.A.symbolB.sourceC.panD.carpenter28.A big crowd gathered around the bus,almost_______the traffic.A.affectingB.blockingC.creatingD.mating29.As far as I see,this book has its own_______.A.meritB.signalC.visibleD.swift30.This tree is too_______to be planted in this area.A.tremendousB.vigorousC.shyD.tender31.This product is_______to change without notice.A.despiteB.evilC.subjectD.crust32.I don’t know how he can_______himself for such conduct.A.justifyB.locateC.rearD.swear33.The stolen watch has been_______to its owner.A.retiredB.pitchedC.restoredD.cured34.It is_______cold this winter in Xi’an.A.considerablyB.tightC.navalD.moreover35.It has been my_______to meet with this accident.A.journalB.reductionC.affectD.fate36.Her smile_______her secret even though she didn’t admit the fact.A.reviewedB.reversedC.respondedD.revealed37.He________that he could finish the job without any help.A.designedB.headedC.claimedD.preserved38.Professor Li_______his success to his mother.A.ownsB.ruinsC.owesD.roars39.The election_______for the State governor has begun this year.A.campaignB.boltC.hellD.immense40.Anyone without_______illness can do this simple job.dB.mindC.mentalD.mend41.Glass may_______at high temperature.A.profitB.pronounceC.stingD.melt42.Silver_______electricity far better than other materials.A.equipsB.strikesC.cracksD.conducts43.Everyone is encouraged to_______food or clothing for those who suffered a great deal in the flood.A.attributeB.distributeC.contributeD.drift44.White teeth are a sharp_______to black skin.A.contentB.contractC.contrastD.contain45.Tom is_______about photography.He spends nearly all his money on it.A.justiceB.innocentC.fierceD.crazy46.We need help from the other countries.But we do not_______ on others for support.A.engageB.leanC.stripD.multiply47.We will_______the plan because of the cost.A.councilB.journalC.dampD.oppose48.Our train is_______at Shanghai at seven o’clock this evening.A.dueB.crystalC.cushionD.cooperation49.Her voice was_______in the noise.A.filledB.entertainedC.enormousD.drowned50.He is very_______in his family and never does anything against his wife.A.henceB.possessC.outerD.humble答案：1.A2.C3.D4.C5.A6.D7.D8.D9.C10.D11.A12.C13.C14.A15.A 16.D17.A18.D19.C20.C21.D22.D23.D24.B25.D26.D27.D28.B29.A 30.D31.C32.A33.C34.A35.D36.D37.C38.C39.A40.C41.D42.D43.C 44.C45.D46.B47.D48.A49.D50.D本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
2003年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(精选)(题后含答案及解析)
2003年南京大学考博英语真题试卷（精选）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．This platform would collapse if all of us______on it.A．standB．stoodC．would standD．had stood正确答案：B解析：本题是说如果我们都站在讲台上，它就会塌了。
本题考查的是一般现在时的虚拟语气结构，主句用would+动词，从句用一般过去式，因此B项正确。
2．The young man who saw the car______into the river telephoned the police.A．plungedB．plungeC．was plungingD．to plunge正确答案：B解析：本题意为“看见车陷入河里的年轻人给警察局打了电话”。
see sth．do 表示看到事物动作的整个过程，因此B项为正确答案。
3．You can come with me to the museum this afternoon______you don’t mind walking for haft an hour.A．unlessB．so far asC．exceptD．if正确答案：D解析：本题意为“如果你不介意走半个小时路的话，你今天下午就跟我一块去博物馆吧”。
只有D项符合题意。
4．We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always______.A．inexplicableB．healthyC．soundD．straight正确答案：C解析：本题后半句是说他的判断总是很正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：74
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: Salt is bad for you —regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “ There is a direct relationship，” US Congressman Neal Smith noted, between the amount of sodium a pe rson consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death. ”Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,” Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably doesn’t make much difference how much salt we eat. ’’ Dustan’s most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.“An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population，” notes Dr. John H. Laragh. “So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense.”Medical experts agree that everyone s hould practice reasonable “moderation” in salt consumption. For an average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table. Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt,if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt” exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hay es Jr. admits that “we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension. ’’ In fact, there is increasing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium, obesity (much more dangerous than sodium), generic predisposition, stress.“ It is not your enemy，” says Dr. Laragh. “Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you don’t need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-rela ted health problem, there is no reason to give it up. ”1.According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed（）2.From Dr. Dustan’s study we can infer that（）3.In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that（）4.What is the main message of this text?问题1选项A.exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health.B.cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders.C.correlates highly with some diseases.D.is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease.问题2选项A.a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people.B.the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with one’s blood pressure.C.the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient.D.an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone.问题3选项A.people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt.B.doctors should not advise people to avoid salt.C.an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease.D.excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population.问题4选项A.That the salt scare is not justified.B.That the origin of hypertension is now found.C.That the moderate use of salt is recommended.D.That salt consumption is to be promoted.【答案】第1题:C 第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.细节理解题。
南京大学考博英语-2_真题-无答案
南京大学考博英语-2(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Structure and V ocabularyPart ADirections: In questions 1-15, each sentence has an underlined word. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best matches the underlined word. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Hitler sought to annihilate resistance movements throughout Europe.A. exterminateB. exceedC. excludeD. expel2. The young man was so bashful that he did not speak to the pretty girl.A. haughtyB. shyC. indifferentD. upset3. Mrs. Mary wore a string of beads around her neck.A. small pieces of goldB. small balls of precious stonesC. small pieces of woodD. small balls of glass4. I didn't stop at John's house because he had visitors, and I didn't want to butt in.A. intrudeB. incurC. inferD. intercept5. John's ideas about how to solve the problem were so cogent that I had to agree with him.A. chronicB. cavernousC. convincingD. choral6. He has got too much ______to worry about your problem.A. on his mindB. out of mindC. off his mindD. to his mind7. You are too rigid: you must learn to change your plans when the situation it.A. calls onB. calls forC. calls forthD. calls in8. If your expenses ______your income, you will be in debt.A. surpassB. exceedC. surviveD. pass9. You can ______your story by leaving out some unimportant details.A. abridgeB. rewriteC. revealD. change10. Could you please give me a hand? Let's______ the bookcase into place.A. shootB. shoveC. containD. indicatePart BDirections: In questions 16-30, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that mast be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.11. All of (the) performers in the play did (well). The (audience) applauded the (actors) excellent performance.A. theB. wellC. audienceD. actors12. (That) the woman (was saying) was so important that I asked everyone (to stop) talking and (listen).A. ThatB. was sayingC. to stopD. listen13. This is the (longest) flight I (have ever taken). By the time we get to Los Angeles, we (had flown) (for) 9 hours.A. longestB. have ever takenC. had flownD. for14. To control (quality) and (making) decisions (about) production are among the many responsibilities of an (industrial) engineer.A. qualityB. makingC. aboutD. industrial15. If one does not pick up (his) dry-cleaning (within) thirty days, the management is not (obligated) to return it (back).A. hisB. withinC. obligatedD. back16. His recommendation that Air Force (investigates) the UFO sighting (was) approved (by **mission) and referred (to) the appropriate.A. investigatesB. wasC. by **missionD. to17. (Electronic) mail to describe an upcoming workshop (should use) only (if) potential participants use this form of communication (regularly).A. ElectronicB. should useC. ifD. regularly18. Confucius— a statesman, scholar, and (educator) of (great skill) and reputation—is generally held to be China's (greatest) and most (influence) philosopher.A. educatorB. great skillC. greatestD. influence19. (The first) electric lamp had two carbon rods (from which) vapor (served) to conduct the current (across) the gap.A. The firstB. from whichC. servedD. across20. (It is said) that Einstein felt (very) (badly) about the application of his theories (to) the creation of weapons of war.A. It is saidB. veryC. badlyD. toPart CDirections: For each blank for questions 31-40 in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given following the passage. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy (21) it to their pets. Market studies show that two thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to the dogs. (22) , says William Tyznik, an expert in animal nutrition at Ohio State University, "ice cream is not good for dogs. It has milk sugar in it," he says, "which dogs cannot (23) very well."(24) by that knowledge but aware of the desire of dog owners to (25) **panions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice cream-and as much (26) to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid by-product of cheese and milk with the sugar (27) . Frosty Paws also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It (28) Tyznik, who has also invented a horse feed (called Tizwhiz) and (29) dog food (named Tizbits), three years to (30) the Frosty Paws formulas, and two (31) to commercialize it. After losing $25,000 trying to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westerville, Ohio, which makes the product and (32) it in cups.Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested (33) and that "dogs love it". Of 1,400 dogs that have been (34) the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first (35) . Three out of four (36) it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be (37) in the ice-cream section of supermarkets, comes in (38) of three or four cups, costing about $1.79.What would happen (39) a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream? "Nothing," says Tyznik. "It's (40) , but frankly, it won't taste very good. \21. A. giving B. feeding C. sharing D. buying22. A. Surprisingly B. Unfortunately C. Therefore D. Initially23. A. swallow B. consume C. digest D. exude24. A. Bothered B. Impelled C. Annoyed D. Stimulated25. A. please B. raise C. train D. comfort26. A. contentment B. satisfaction C. fun D. luxury27. A. included B. including C. removed D. removing28. A. cost B. spent C. needed D. took29. A. one B. other C. a D. another30. A. perfect B. superb C. excellent D. top31. A. temptations B. attempts C. temperance D. temps32. A. assembles B. attaches C. packages D. labels33. A. extensively B. faithfully C. delicately D. intensively34. A. received B. accepted C. treated D. offered35. A. trial B. try C. test D. practice36. A. preferred B. compared C. attributed D. related37. A. bargained B. negotiable C. available D. displayed38. A. bundles B. parcels C. packets D. packs39. A. provided B. when C. though D. if40. A. harmful B. harmless C. effective D. ineffectiveSection Ⅱ Reading ComperehensionDirections: In this section you will read four passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. For questions 41-70, you are to choose the one best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheer.Passage OneIn a recent book entitled The Psychic Life of Insects, Professor Bouvier says that we must be careful not to credit the little winged fellows with intelligence when they behave in what seems like an intelligent manner. They may be only reacting. I would like to confront the professor with an instance of reasoning power on the part of an insect which cannot be explained away in any other manner.During the summer of 1899, while I was at work on my doctoral thesis, we kept a female wasp at our cottage. It was more like a child of our own than a Wasp, except that it looked more like a wasp than a child of our own. That was one of the ways we told the difference.It was still a young wasp when we got it (thirteen or fourteen years old) and for some time we could not get it to eat or drink, it was so shy. Since it was a female we decided to call it Miriam, but soon the children's nickname for it— "Pudge" —became a fixture, and "Pudge" it was from that time on.One evening I had been working late in my laboratory fooling around with some gin and other chemicals, and in leaving the room I tripped over a nine of diamonds which someone had left lying on the floor and knocked over my card index which contained the names and addresses of all the larvae worth knowing in North America. The cards went everywhere.I was too tired to stop to pick them up that night, and went sobbing to bed, just as mad as I could be. As I went, however, I noticed the wasp was flying about in circles over the scattered cards. "Maybe Pudge will pick them up," I said half laughingly to myself, never thinking for one moment that such would be the case.When I came down the next morning Pudge was still asleep in her box, evidently tired out. And well she might have been. For there on the floor lay the cards scattered all about just as I had left them the night before. The faithful little insect had buzzed about all night trying to come to some decision about picking them up and arranging them in the boxes for me, and then had figured out for herself that, as she knew practically nothing of larvae of any sort except wasp larvae, she would probably make more of a mess of rearranging them than if she had left them on the floor for me to fix. It was just too much for her to tackle, and, discouraged, she went over and lay down in her box, where she cried herself to sleep.If this is not an answer to Professor Bouvier's statement, I do not know what is.41. Professor Bouvier believes that insects______.A. do not have intelligenceB. behave in an intelligent wayC. are capable of reasoningD. are more intelligent than we thought42. On the evening the author fell over, someone______.A. had moved his card indexB. had been playing card gamesC. had knocked over his boxes containing cardsD. had looked at his collection of diamonds43. When he came to the laboratory the next morning, the author______.A. saw that his cards had already been rearrangedB. realized that the wasp had been trying to helpC. found evidence of the wasp's intelligenceD. found his index cards still scattered about the room44. The author's account of his wasp's intelligence______.A. is imaginaryB. is convincingC. firmly proves his point of viewD. is valuable for insect study45. The purpose of this article is to______.A. oppose Professor Bouvier's point of viewB. support Professor Bouvier with his own experienceC. further discuss whether insects are intelligentD. illustrate the working theory behind the author's thesisPassage TwoModem technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man's work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modem artists, but no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers, discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers and moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional message of expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Painters and sculptors, though admittedly influenced by modern science, have also molded and changed our world. If breakup has been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite the contrary: it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly, to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized asnot merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.46. The welding techniques______.A. can cause a lot of changes in sculpture artsB. permit details of an object to be seen clearlyC. can superimpose multiple sides of sculptor's designsD. can make artists adaptable to be surroundings47. We can learn from the text that Freud's studies______.A. are more ambiguous than any other scientific inventionB. have influenced other scientific inventionsC. cause SurrealismD. have infiltrated Surrealism48. Which of the following is true about Surrealists?A. They diminished all time barriers and moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences.B. They tried to express their subconscious world.C. They could transform real existence into incoherent dreams.D. They wanted to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images.49. According to the passage, it is true that______.A. artistic creations seem to be the reproductions of modern technologyB. artistic creations have made great strides scientificallyC. artistic creations appear to be incapable of ignoring material advancesD. artistic creations are the reflection of the material world50. The sentence "But this has rarely been a one-way street" in the last paragraph means that______.A. contemporary art has been nourished by modern scienceB. modern science has been nourished by artC. artists can become scientists and scientists can become artistsD. the impacts of modern art and science are actually mutualPassage ThreeWhen I was a child in Sunday school, I would ask searching questions like "Angels can fly up in heaven, but how do clouds hold up pianos?" and get the same puzzling response about how that was not important, what was important was that Jesus died for our sins and if we accepted him as our savior, when we died, we would go to heaven, where we'd get everything we wanted. Some children in my class wondered why anyone would hang on a cross with nails stuck through his hands to help anyone else; I wondered how Santa Claus knew what I wanted for Christmas, even though I never wrote him a letter. Maybe he had a tape recorder hidden in every chimney in the world.This literal-mindedness has stuck with me; one result of it is that I am unable to believe in God.Most of the other atheists I know seem to feel freed or proud of their unbelief, as if they have cleverly refused to be sold snake oil. My husband, who was reared in a devout Catholic family, has served as an altar boy. So other than baptizing our son to reassure our families, we've skated over the issue of faith.Some people believe faith is a gift; it's a choice, a matter of spiritual discipline. I have a friend who was reared to believe, and he does. But his faith has wavered. He has struggled to hang onto it and to pass it along to his children. Another friend of mine never goes to church because she's a single mother who doesn't have the gas money. But she once told me a day when she was washing oranges as the sun streamed onto them. As she peeled one, the smell rose to her face, and she felt she received the Holy Spirit. "He sank into my bones," she recounted. "I lifted my palms upward, feeling filled with love."Being no theologian, and not even a believer, I am not in a position to offer up theories, but mine is this: people who receive faith directly, as a **bustion of the soul, have fewer questions. They have been sparked with a faith that is more unshakable than that of those who have been taught.51. From the first paragraph of the passage we know that______.A. the author was a Sunday school boyB. the author used to be puzzled at many thingsC. the school didn't teach the children enough knowledgeD. tape recorders were popular in daily life52. The word "his" in "a cross with nails stuck through his hands" (Line 6, Para.1) refers to______.A. Jesus'B. a child'sC. anyone'sD. Santa Claus'53. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A. the author believes in GodB. most people are atheistsC. most American families baptize their babiesD. the author hasn't a religious family background54. In the third paragraph the author uses the example of the single mother to indicate that faith______.A. is a giftB. is a choiceC. can be easily waveredD. is a spontaneous impulse55. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?A. The Issue of Faith.B. A Child's Fancy.C. The Belief in God.D. The Combustion of Soul.Passage FourThe growth of cell-phone users in the U.S. has tapered off from the breakneck pace of 50% annually in the late 1990s to what analysts project will be a 15% to 20% rise in 2002, and no morethan that in 2003. To some extent, numerous surveys have found, slower growth in demand reflects consumer disillusionment with just about every aspect of cell-phone service—its reliability, quality, and notorious customer service.The cooling off in demand threatens to cascade through the industry: The big four U.S. cell-phone carders—Verizon Wireless, Cingular Wireless, AT&T Wireless, Sprint imperil their timetables for becoming profitable, not to mention their efforts to whittle down their mountains of debt. As the carders have begun to cut costs, wireless- equipment **panies such as Lucent, Nokia, and Ericsson—have been left with a market that's bound to be smaller than they had anticipated. Handset makers have been insulated so far, but they, too, face a nagging uncertainty. They'll soon introduce advanced phones to the U.S. market that will run on the new networks the carders are starting up over the next year or two. But the question then will be: Will Americans embrace these snazzy data features—and their higher costs—with the wild enthusiasm that Europeans and Asians have?Long before the outcome in clear, the industry will have to adopt a new mind-set. "In the old days, it was all about connectivity." says Andrew Cole, an analyst with wireless consultancy Adventis. Build the network, and customers **e. From now on, the stakes will be higher. The new mantra: Please customers, or you may not survive.To work their way out of this box, the carders are spending huge sums to address the problem. Much of Sprint PCS's $ 3.4 billion in capital outlays this year will be for new stations. And in fact, the new high-speed, high-capacity nationwide networks due to roll out later this year should help ease the calling-capacity crunch that has caused many **plaints. In the meantime, **panies are using better training and organization to keep customers happy.The nation's largest rural operator, Alltel (AT), recently reorganized its call centers so that a customer's query goes to the first operator who's available anywhere in the country, instead of the first one available in the customer's home area. That should cut waiting time to one minute from three to five minutes previously.56. What is the text mainly about?A. The bad service in the U.S. cell-phone industry.B. The crisis in the U.S. cell-phone industry.C. The conflicts among cell-**panies in the U.S.D. The price of the U.S. cell-phone industry.57. The growth of cell-phone users declines because______.A. cell-phones are unreliableB. cell-phones usually have poor qualityC. the customer service is badD. customers are not satisfied with cell-phone service58. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A. the price war will reverse the present situationB. the wireless equipment makers will try to improve the original networksC. the handset makers will produce new phones with high technologyD. the Europeans are enthusiastic about the new advanced cell-phones59. According to the author, the cell-phone industry must adopt a mind-set in order to______.A. have better training and organizationB. become an indispensable part in people's lifeC. build more advanced and efficient networksD. help customers to choose proper service60. In order to work their way out of the box, Sprint PCS and Alttel are taking measures to______.A. design new advanced cell-phones in attractive formB. reduce costs and improve the efficiency of networksC. offer the customers better services and satisfy their needsD. arrange the call centers to reduce the customer's waiting timeSectiion Ⅲ TranlationPart ADirections: Put the following passages into Chinese.1. I think most of us would agree that the world is a shrinking place. On the one hand, this shrinking is highly beneficial. People around the world now enjoy economic, cultural and recreational opportunities which were previously not accessible. On the other hand, the rapid mobility of people, money, information, ideas **modities generally has provided new opportunities for crime, and new challenges for law enforcement agencies. This will require unprecedented cooperation between nations, and will inevitably generate tensions arising from differences in national values, even within nations, tensions between such values, as privacy and the imperatives of law enforcement will be high in the public agenda. Most probably new organizational forms will emerge to combat new manifestations of criminality.2. Viruses have been around longer than PCs, and are not without a certain mathematical and scientific interest. Indeed, not all viruses are malignant. Used properly, viral techniques are a valuable programming tool. Used improperly, they are pestilentially destructive. There's no perfect cure. Like the flu, computer viruses evolve. Last year's immunization isn't any good for this year's disease because every time someone invents a new medication, someone else invents a malady. Nonetheless, a few simple precautions will buffer you against all but the cleverest hacker.Part BDirections: Put the following sentences into English.1. 那位富有的女土再三要求签订婚前协议，令其未婚夫自尊心大大受损，结果以拒婚告终。
南京大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
南京大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．As we know, blood types A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B.Type O can give to any other group; hence it is often called the______donor.A．commonB．universalC．generalD．popular正确答案：B解析：固定用法。
根据常识O型血的人是“万能献血者”，固定表达为universal donor。
故答案为B。
2．His total worldly possessions______little more than the clothes he stood up in.A．amounted toB．turned upC．settled forD．came at正确答案：A解析：动词词组辨析。
amount to“数量上达到，意义上等于”；turn up“到达，来到”；settle for“勉强接受，同意”；come at“扑向，冲向”。
根据句意，他所有的财产“就是”他身上穿的衣服。
故答案为A。
3．This course focuses on the ______ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behavior.A．introductionB．combinationC．applicationD．conception正确答案：C解析：名词词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：16
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A team of researchers（） the problem of diseases connected with contaminated milk.问题1选项A.addressB.interactC.wonderD.react【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。
address “处理” ;interact “相互作用” ;wonder “想知道”; react “反应”。
句意：一组研究人员把这种疾病和被污染的牛奶联系起来。
选项A符合题意。
2.单选题I’ll go to the airport tomorrow morning to （） a good friend who leaves for Australia. 问题1选项A.see offB.send offC.turn offD.say departure 【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。
see off“送别，送行”；send off“发送，派遣”；turn off“关掉，拐弯”；say departure“说离开”。
句意：明天早上我将去机场，跟我即将去往澳大利亚的朋友送别。
选项A符合题意。
3.单选题Grain production in the world is （）, but still millions go hungry.问题1选项A.staggeringB.shrinkingC.soaringD.suspending【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
stagger “蹒跚，使交错”；shrink “收缩”；suspend“延缓，推迟”，soar “高涨”。
句意：世界的粮食产量正在上涨，但是成百万人仍在挨饿。
选项C符合题意。
4.翻译题Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and what it can do for us now than formerly. Summer homes，European vacations, travel, BMW' s—such items do not seem less in demand than they did a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot admit their dreams as easily and openly as they once could, lest they be thought of as pushing, acquisitive, and vulgar. For such people and many more perhaps not so outstanding, the proper action seems to be, “Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles, while its public defenders are few and ineffective. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and cultivated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the UnitedStates. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its urges, but only that since it is no longer openly honored, it is therefore less often openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made devious.【答案】当然，相比于从前，人们对于成功以及成功给我们带来的东西兴趣似乎不会减少。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：92
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860’s to the mid-1880’s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half-dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive “Young Yale” movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard University simultaneously rallied to relieve the University’s poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standard in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty.The old-style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard University, where Dr. Charles Elliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard led the progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the five years of Dr. Elliot administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872-1873 and 1876-1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study or another was opened up —science, music，the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philosophy, and international law.1.The passage mainly deals with（）2.According to the passage, what can be inferred about Harvard University before the innovations?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about old-style classical education?4.Which of the following is not true?问题1选项A.innovations in the United States’ higher education in the late 1800s.B.Harvard University graduates’ success.C.the development of Harvard University.D.the aggressive “Young Yale” movement.问题2选项A.Courses were more practical.cators laid great stress on the maturity in student life.C.Admission standards were higher.D.Students were younger.问题3选项A.Most students majored in law.B.The courses were too difficult.C.The curriculum was not reasonable.D.Students could get Master’s degree in the liberal arts.问题4选项A.Several leaders in education made great efforts to promote the educational innovations.B.Church leaders influenced education a lot before the progressive change.C.College entrance requirements were elevated in the late 1800s.D.The sense of public duty was neglected in the late 1800s.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。
南京大学考博英语-5_真题-无答案
南京大学考博英语-5(总分78,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ V ocabularyPart A1. The editorial described drug abuse as the greatest calamity of our age.A. catalystB. disasterC. casualtyD. retaliation2. Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans the left half of the brain controls language.A. fields of studyB. groups of expertsC. seminarsD. regulations3. The new administration will adopt a policy of laissez-faire toward industry.A. encouragementB. limitationC. noninterferenceD. interference4. Even after ten years her name conjures up such beautiful memories.A. covers upB. revealsC. brings to mindD. makes up5. The conquerors stole not only the gold and silver that were needed to replenish the badly depleted treasure but also the supplies that were vital to the nation.A. substituteB. recollectC. restockD. resume6. The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions that occurred ______.A. the area in which dinosaurs roamedB. when dinosaurs roamed the areaC. did dinosaurs roam the areaD. dinosaurs roaming the area7. Until she was 11 years old, Elizabeth Barrett Browning was confined to her home by her tyrannical father.A. constrictedB. drawnC. tiedD. restricted8. ______ three times in a row, the boxer decided to give up fighting.A. Because having been defeatedB. Because being defeatedC. Having been defeatedD. Having defeated9. ______ initial recognition while still quite young.A. Most famous scientists achievedB. That most famous scientists schievedC. Most famous scientists who achievedD. For most famous scientists to achieve10. Human population growth is a menace to nonhuman life forms on our planet.A. hindranceB. misfortuneC. catastropheD. threatPart B1. Geologists (at) the Hawaiian V olcano Observatory (rely on) (a number of) instruments to (studying) the volcanoes in Hawaii.A. atB. rely onC. a number ofD. studying2. (Depictions) of animals and hunting scenes (can found) (in) the prehistoric cave paintings of (nearly every) continent.A. DepictionsB. can foundC. inD. nearly every3. Dams vary (in size) (from small rock barriers to) concrete structures (many feet) (height).A. in sizeB. from small rock barriers toC. many feetD. height4. (After having studied) (so hard) for more than two months, he (felt confidently) of (success).A. After having studiedB. so hardC. felt confidentlyD. success5. Dams vary (in size) (from small rock barriers to) concrete structures (many feet) (height).A. in sizeB. from small rock barriers toC. many feetD. height6. (Depictions) of animals and hunting scenes (can found) (in) the prehistoric cave paintings of (nearly every) continent.A. DepictionsB. can foundC. inD. nearly every7. Some (research) suggests (what) there is a (link between) the body"s calcium balance (and) tooth decay.A. researchB. whatC. link betweenD. and8. Dams vary (in size) (from small rock barriers to) concrete structures (many feet) (height).A. in sizeB. from small rock barriers toC. many feetD. height9. Perhaps the most typically American (types) of feature movie, the western, (has been) a resurgence (in) popularity (in recent years).A. typesB. has beenC. inD. in recent years10. Crustaceans, (alike) insects, are invertebrate animals (that) (possess) external (skeletons).A. alikeB. thatC. possessD. skeletonsPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionAs a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn"t the stuff of gloomy philosophicalcontemplations, but a fact of Europe"s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the "irresistible momentum of individualism" over the last century. **munications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans" private byes.Europe"s new economic climate has largely fosterd the trend toward independence, the current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe"s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today"s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twentysometing professionals or widowed senior citizens, while pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn"t leave much room for relationships. Pirnpi Arroyo, a 35-year-**poser who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn"t got time to get lonely becanse he has too much work. "I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult. Only an Iddeal Woman would make him change his lifestyle," he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called "The Single Woman and Prince Charming", thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expext morn and more of mates, so relationships don"t last long--if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbarthes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she"d never have wanted to do what her mother did--give up a career to raise a family. Instead, "I"ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life."1. More and more young Europeans remain single because ______.A. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageB. they are pessimistic about their economic futureC. they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism2. What is said about Europan society in the passage?A. It is getting closer to American-style capitalismB. It has limited consumer"s choice despite a free marketC. It is being threatened by irresistible privatizationD. It has fostered the trend towards small families3. According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are ______.A. negative and gloomyB. on either side of marriageC. healthy and wealthyD. warm and lighthearted4. The author quotes Eppendorf to show that ______.A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB. most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptableC. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day, Europe5. What is the author"s purpose in writing the passage?A. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualismB. To examine the trend of young people living aloneC. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationshipsD. To review the impact of women becoming high earnersIs language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand **mands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man"s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is **plex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brain"s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child"s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child"s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.6. The purpose of Frederick II"s experiment was______A. to prove that children are born with the ability to speakB. to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speechC. to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speakD. to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language7. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that______A. they are incapable of learning language rapidlyB. they are exposed to too much language at onceC. their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speakD. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them8. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?A. The faculty of speech is inborn in manB. Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learningC. Human brain is capable of language analysis at very early ageD. Most children learn their language in definite stages9. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will ______ in the future.A. have a high IQB. be insensitive to verbal signalsC. be less intelligentD. not necessarily be backwardThe growth of cell-phone users in the U.S. has tapered off from the breakneck pace of 50% annually in the late 1990s to what analysts project will be a 15% to 20% rise in 2002, and no more than that in 2003. To some extent, numerous surveys have found, slower growth in demand reflects consumer disillusionment with just about every aspect of cell-phone service—its reliability, quality, and notorious customer service.The cooling off in demand threatens to cascade through the industry: The big four U.S. cell-phone carders—Verizon Wireless, Cingular Wireless, AT&T Wireless, Sprint imperil their timetables for becoming profitable, not to mention their efforts to whittle down their mountains of debt. As the carders have begun to cut costs, wireless- equipment **panies such as Lucent, Nokia, and Ericsson—have been left with a market that"s bound to be smaller than they had anticipated. Handset makers have been insulated so far, but they, too, face a nagging uncertainty. They"ll soon introduce advanced phones to the U.S. market that will run on the new networks the carders are starting up over the next year or two. But the question then will be: Will Americans embrace these snazzy data features—and their higher costs—with the wild enthusiasm that Europeans and Asians have?Long before the outcome in clear, the industry will have to adopt a new mind-set. "In the old days, it was all about connectivity." says Andrew Cole, an analyst with wireless consultancy Adventis. Build the network, and customers **e. From now on, the stakes will be higher. The new mantra: Please customers, or you may not survive.To work their way out of this box, the carders are spending huge sums to address the problem. Much of Sprint PCS"s $ 3.4 billion in capital outlays this year will be for new stations. And in fact, the new high-speed, high-capacity nationwide networks due to roll out later this year should help ease the calling-capacity crunch that has caused many **plaints. In the meantime, **panies are using better training and organization to keep customers happy.The nation"s largest rural operator, Alltel (AT), recently reorganized its call centers so that a customer"s query goes to the first operator who"s available anywhere in the country, instead of the first one available in the customer"s home area. That should cut waiting time to one minute from three to five minutes previously.10. What is the text mainly about?A. The bad service in the UB. The crisis in the UC. The conflicts among cell-**panies in the UD. The price of the U11. The growth of cell-phone users declines because______.A. cell-phones are unreliableB. cell-phones usually have poor qualityC. the customer service is badD. customers are not satisfied with cell-phone service12. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A. the price war will reverse the present situationB. the wireless equipment makers will try to improve the original networksC. the handset makers will produce new phones with high technologyD. the Europeans are enthusiastic about the new advanced cell-phones13. According to the author, the cell-phone industry must adopt a mind-set in order to______.A. have better training and organizationB. become an indispensable part in people"s lifeC. build more advanced and efficient networksD. help customers to choose proper service14. In order to work their way out of the box, Sprint PCS and Alttel are taking measures to______.A. design new advanced cell-phones in attractive formB. reduce costs and improve the efficiency of networksC. offer the customers better services and satisfy their needsD. arrange the call centers to reduce the customer"s waiting timeAsk an American schoolchild what he or she is learning in school these days and you might even get a reply, provided you ask it in Spanish. But don"t bother, here"s the answer: Americans nowadays are not learning any of the things that we learned in our day, like reading and writing. Apparently these are considered fusty old subjects, invented by white males to oppress women and minorities.What are they learning? In a Vermont college town I found the answer sitting in a toy store book rack, next to typical kids" books like "Heather Has Two Mommies and Daddy Is Dysfunctional." It"s a teacher"s guide called "Happy To Be Me", subtitled "Building Self-Esteem."Self-esteem, as it turns out, is a big subject in American classrooms. Many American schools see building it as important as teaching reading and writing. They call it "whole language" teaching borrowing terminology from the granola people to compete in the education marketplace.No one ever spent a moment building my self-esteem when ! was in school. In fact, from the day I first stepped inside a classroom my self-esteem was one big demolition site. All that mattered was "the subject," be it geography, history, or mathematics. I was praised when I remembered that "near", "fit", "friendly", "pleasing", "like" and their opposites took the dative case in Latin. I was reviled when I forgot what a cosine was good for. Generally I lived my school years beneath a torrent of castigation so consistent I eventually ceased to hear it, as people who live near the sea eventually stop hearing the waves.Schools have changed. Reviling is out. For one thing more important, subjects have changed.Whereas I learned English, modem kids learn something called "language skills". Whereas I learned writing, modem kids learn something called "communication". Communication, the book tells us, is seven per cent words, 23 per cent facial expression, 20 per cent tone of voice, and 50 per cent body language. So this column, with its carefully chosen words, would earn me at most a grade of seven per cent. That is, if the school even gave out something as oppressive and demanding as grades.The result is that, in place of English classes, American children are getting a course in How to Win Friends and Influence People. Consider the new attitude toward journal writing: I remember one high school English class when we were required to keep a journal. The idea was to emulate those great writers who confided in diaries searching their souls and honing their critical thinking on paper."Happy To Be Me" states that journals are a great way for students to get in touch with their feelings. Tell students they can write one sentence or a whole page. Reassure them that no one, not even you, will read what they write. After the unit, hopefully all students will be feeling good about themselves and will want to share some of their entries with the class.There was a time when no self-respecting book for English teachers would use "great" or "hopefully" that way. Moreover, back then the purpose of English courses (an antique term for "unit") was not to help students "feel good about themselves," which is good, because all that reviling didn"t make me feel particularly good about anything.15. which of the following does the writer imply in paragraph 5 (starting with "Schools have changed.")?A. Self-criticism has gone too farB. Communication is a **prehensive category than language skillsC. Evaluating criteria are inappropriate nowadaysD. This column does not meet the demanding evaluating criteria of today16. Which of the following does the writer suggest in this passage?A. Grades should not be used to discourage studentsB. Reviling does not inevitably result in low self-esteemC. School subjects are treated more seriously todayD. Kids nowadays are encouraged to be self-critical17. How would you describe the writer"s attitude towards the new idea about journal writing?A. ApprovingB. IndifferentC. SarcasticD. Curious18. The writer"s intention in writing the passage is to______A. criticize the lowering educational requirements on kids todayB. introduce the educational reforms in the past generationC. make a comparison of the old curriculum and the new oneD. commend the progress achieved in school educationPerhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values that we unquestionably accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions ofscience; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satire method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because **monsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into **bination, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because the readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is hypocritical, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.19. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Difficulties of writing satiric literatureB. Popular topics of satireC. New philosophies emerging from satiric literatureD. Reasons for the popularity of satire20. Why does the author mention Don Quixote, Brave New World and A Modest proposal in the first paragraph?A. They are famous examples of satiric literatureB. They **monsense solutions to problemsC. They are appropriate for readers of all agesD. They are books with similar stories21. Which of the following can be found in satiric literature?A. Newly emerging philosophiesB. **bination of objects and ideasC. Abstract discussion of morals and ethicsD. Wholesome characters who are unselfish22. According to the passage, there is a need for satire because people need to be______A. informed about new scientific developmentB. exposed to original philosophies when they are formulatedC. reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurateD. told how they can be of service to **munitiesPart Ⅲ TranslationPart A1. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and what it can do for us now than formerly. Summer homes, European vacations, travel, BMW"s -- such items do not seem less in demand than they did a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot admit their dreams as easily and openly as they once could, lest they be thought of as pushing, acquisitive, and vulgar. For such people and many more perhaps not so outstanding, the proper action seems to be, "Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious." The attacks on ambition are many **e from various angles, while its public defenders are few and ineffective. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and cultivated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its urges, but only that since it is no longer openly honored, it is therefore less often openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made devious.Part B1. 当时我们所面临的最关键的问题是熟练劳动力的缺乏，用以培训这种劳动力的大学师资不足，以及我们的大学中由于用于教育和科研的师资和现代化设备短缺造成和研究能力衰退。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：33
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Some sociologists are worried about the （） throughout the whole society.问题1选项A.fraudulentB.generousC.dynamicpulsive【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。
fraudulent “欺诈的”；generous “慷慨的”；dynamic “动态的”; compulsive “极有趣的”。
句意：一些社会学家担心整个社会的欺诈问题。
选项A符合题意。
2.单选题The company made more profit in that one month than it made in the whole of the （） year. 问题1选项A.previouslyB.proceedingC.precedingD.unpreceding 【答案】C【解析】形近异义词辨析。
previously “以前”；proceeding “程序，诉讼”；preceding “在前的，先前的”；unpreceding “空前的，前所未有的”。
句意：公司在那一个月创造的收益比整个前年的多。
选项C符合题意。
3.翻译题这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。
【答案】Although this current visit to Taiwan for exchange was very cursory, we saw many places, visit old friends and make some new friends. The most important topic we talked about was how to build a prosperous China in the 21s when we got together. Teenagers living in our mainland and Taiwan have their own various life experience because of the different social environments, but the marks of our splendid traditions of Chinese culture are engraved in their innermost hearts. We all hold the common ideal of revitalizing the Chinese nation.4.单选题It is estimated that a scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decade before it drastically revised or replaced by newer information.问题1选项A.estimatedB.a life expectancyC.decadeD.it drastically【答案】D【解析】根据题中it is estimated可知，D项应该也为被动语态it is drastically revised，构成并列结构，句意：据估计，在一项科学原则被新的信息彻底地修改和更新之前，预期的寿命大概是十年。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：50
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Starting a new business can be a risky （）.问题1选项A.processingB.attemptingC.undertakingD.overhauling【答案】C【解析】名词词义解析。
processing “加工”，attempting “试图”；undertaking “事业”，overhauling “翻修”。
句意：开始一项新业务是件个冒险的事。
选项C符合题意。
2.单选题Doctors say that moderate drinking can have a beneficial （）on your health.问题1选项A.impactB.generationC.dispositionD.dependence 【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。
impact “影响”;generation “一代，产生” ; disposition “性情，处置”;dependence “独立”。
句意：医生说适当喝酒对你的健康有有利影响。
选项A符合题意。
3.单选题Freud derived psychoanalytic knowledge of childhood indirectly; he（） childhood processes from adult memory.问题1选项A.reconstructedB.incorporatedC.obstructedD.fostered【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。
reconstruct “重现，改造”；incorporate“包含，吸收”；obstruct “阻塞，妨碍”；foster “培养，养育”。
句意：弗洛伊德间接性地推断出了儿童精神分析知识，从成年人的记忆中修复了儿时的记忆。
选项A符合题意。
4.单选题The medicine（） his pain but did not cure his illness.问题1选项A.activatedB.alleviatedC.mediatedD.deteriorated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
南开大学考博英语阅读题及其解析
南开大学考博英语阅读题及其解析Part ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)Text1Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes:emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.“The burnt childfears the fire”is one instance;another is the rise of despotslike Hitler.Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes come from experience.In the one case the experience was direct and impressive;in the other it was indirect and cumulative.The Nazis were influenced largely by the speeches they heard andthe books they read.The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes.This is true partly becauseGeng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xiqing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liuliu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words arehighly regarded by them.Another reason it is true is that pupils often devote their time to a subject in school that has only been touched upon at hom e or has possibly never occurred to them before.To a child who h ad previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico his teacher s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome att itudes are innumerable.Social studies(with special reference to races,creeds and nationalities),science matters of health and safety,the very atmosphere of the classroom...these are a few o f the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reac tions.However,when children go to school with undesirable attitude s,it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelin gs by cajoling or scolding them.She can achieve the proper effec t by helping them obtain constructive experiences.To illustrate,first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will pr obably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neig hborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them.In th e same way,a class of older children can develop attitudes throu gh discussion,research,outside reading and all-day trips.Finally,a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be negative if she has personal prejud ices.This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis of all the fact s.(377words)Notes:point up(=emphasize)强调，突出。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：40
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As the world’s largest grain exporter, the United States has （） power over the world food distribution system.问题1选项A.assortedB.unrivaledpoundedD.intrigued【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。
Assorted “各种各样的”；unrivaled “至高无上的,无敌的”；compounded “复合的,”intrigued “好奇的，被迷住的”。
句意：美国作为世界上最大的粮食出口国，对世界粮食分配系统有着最高的权利。
选项B符合题意。
2.单选题They did not realize that they had （）a crime by cutting down the tree.问题1选项A.performedB.undertakenC.mademitted【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。
perform “履行”; undertake “从事” ; make “制造”;commit “犯罪，承诺”。
句意：他们没有意识到砍树这件事情使他们犯罪了。
选项D符合题意。
3.单选题If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to（1 ）that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science（2 ） it can make informed decisions and not （3 ） them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public has a rather ambivalent attitude（4 ）science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of（5 ） that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn’t understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon （6 ） of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important （7 ） behind support for the Green parties.What can be done to（8 ）this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools. But in schools science is often（9 ） in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don’t see its（10 ）to the world around them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Although equations are a concise and accurate way of describing mathematics ideas, they frighten most people.问题1选项A.assessB.discernC.ensureD.anticipate问题2选项A.becauseB.so thatC.despite thatD.though问题3选项A.clutchB.leaveC.fabricateD.nurture问题4选项A.aboutB.withC.uponD.toward问题5选项A.livingB.lifeC.survivalD.lives 问题6选项A.literatureB.personC.artD.figure问题7选项A.roleB.conceptC.elementD.index问题8选项A.constrainB.harnessC.fosterD.extinguish问题9选项A.presentedB.conductedC.portrayedD.utilized问题10选项A.meaningB.contributionC.applicationD.relevance【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：78
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A visitor to a museum today would notice （）changes in the way museums are operated.问题1选项A.cognitiveB.rigorousC.conspicuousD.exclusive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
cognitive “认知的”；rigorous “严格的，严厉的”；conspicuous “显著的”；exclusive “唯一的，独有的”。
句意：如果今天去博物馆参观，就会注意到博物馆的经营方式发生了显著的变化。
选项C符合题意。
2.单选题“Tear’ em apart “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee!”These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.The dic tionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”，“enemy”，“one who opposes your interests. ’，Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every ac tion, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” c ould be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”；“friend”；“companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term 1.“associate” rather than “opponent.”Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?2.Harsh words are spoken during games because the players （）3.What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?4.According to the passage, players in a game may （）.问题1选项A.Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.B.The words people use can influence their behavior.C.Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.D.Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.问题2选项A.are too eager to winB.are usually short-tempered and easily offendedC.cannot afford to be polite in fierce competitionD.treat their rivals as enemies问题3选项A.He refused to continue the game.B.He angrily hit the referee with a ball.C.He claimed that the referee was unfair.D.He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.问题4选项A.deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their wayB.keep on screaming and shouting throughout the gameC.lie down on the ground as an act of protestD.dash with the ball across the court with force【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：42
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Her jewelry （）under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball.问题1选项A.glaredB.glitteredC.blazedD.glowed【答案】B【解析】考查近义词动词辨析。
四个动词都有发光的意思，glare强调发出耀眼的强光；glitter强调闪闪发光选；blaze强调火焰燃烧发出的强光；glow多指冶炼铁和钢时发出的光。
题目中提到的是珠宝闪闪发光。
选项B符合题意。
2.单选题I am （） to Mr. Morrison because of the kindness and concern that he showed me when I first got here.问题1选项A.gratifiedB.indebtedC.dueD.desirous【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。
gratified “称心的，宽慰的”；indebted “感激的，受惠的”；due “到期的，应付的”；desirous “渴望的，想要的”。
句意：因为当我第一次到这儿时莫里森先生的友善和关心，我对此是感激的。
选项B符合题意。
3.翻译题在中国人的心目中，似乎没有一部书可以与《红楼梦》比肩，它既可以拥有亿万的读者,也带有众多的谜团。
它是中国古典小说的巅峰之作，有一般文化的人都可以读懂它，但是即便很有学问的人也不敢说尽解某奥妙……也正因为如此，近一百多年来，它被翻译成多种文字，在国外赢得越来越多的读者，为传播中国文化起到了积极的作用。
【答案】As for Chinese people, “A Dream of Red Mansions” is the greatest book that no book can compare with and hundreds of millions of people like to read. And there are also many mysteries in this book. It represents the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels and people who are half educated can read and understand it. But some learned people don’t dare to explain subtleties contained in it…Thus, it has been translated into various languages for about 100 years and accepted more and more foreign readers, which plays an active role in spreading Chinese culture.4.单选题The famous inventor was awarded an（）_ doctorate by the university.问题1选项A.honoraryB.honorableC.honoredD.honorific【答案】A【解析】形近异义词辨析。
兰大考博英语试题
2001年兰州大学2007年招收攻读博士学位研究生英语考试试题Section I1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food from large animal carcassesA. destroyB. identifyC. RemoveD. compare2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urbanaffairsA. outlandishB. Remote C exempted D. exclusive3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap-making either would do.A. advantageousB. convenientC. identifiableD. equivalent4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on Earth may be unique in the systemwas strengthenedA. continuationB. beginningC. expansionD. Outcome5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age the five Great Lakes of North America were formedA. meltedB. advanced C evaporated D. exploded6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of money in elegant department storesor rifle though goods displayed on street barrowsA. a fortuneB. a dimeC. MuchD. quite lot7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from onearea and arbitrarily deposit it in another.A. lawfullyB. SubsequentlyC. RandomlyD. mercilessly8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension plans each year.A. nongovernmentalB. unauthorizedC. confidentialD. nontransferable9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are dormantA. unchartedB. unpredictableC. MinorD. inactive10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to the fine blood vessels.A. independent ofB. nearC. obscured byD. within11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply.A. criticalB. unusualC. PersistentD. unexpected12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Indian languages and at leastas many cultures, each different in some respect from all the others.A. prospectB. StagesC. AspectD. activity13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the outer ear from the inner ear.A lightly tinted B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made14.It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 was foolish.A. requiringB. sendingC. buyingD. applying15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.A dominate B. rebuild C. invade D. tend16.In frogs and toads，the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting it at somedistance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects.A proscribing B. Protruding C. Provoking D. protracting17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light passes.A. in addition toB. in spite ofC. because ofD. with regard to18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey.A. attackerB. nourishmentC. enemiesD. victims19.It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter,A. absurdB. NourishmentC. tragicD. unpardonable20.How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of twohundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A. onlyB. at leastC. exactlyD. fewer thanSection II (20%)21.Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy.A. when scientists began to appreciateB. did scientists begin to appreciateC. scientists who were beginning to appreciateD. the appreciation of scientists began22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ninety percent tin with copper orbismuth added for hardness.A. widely used itB. was widely usedC. which widely usedD. widely used23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office ____by a woman, Judge SarahTilghman Hughes.A. was administeredB. being directedC. was accomplishedD. of administration was24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine.A. whenB. whileC. AndD. because25.___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of Texas has remained heavilydependent on oil and gas.A. AsB. DespiteC. ThoughD. In case26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too.A. increasedB. brought aboutC. EvolvedD. resulted27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park surrounded by a number ofimpressive government buildings.A. located B- secluded C formed D. Spotted28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the North; now, ____ to cross-bredflocks, the reverse is the case.A. in increase attentionB. with increasing attentionC. with attention increasingD. in attention29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it toact more effectively.A. have brought aboutB. had set up C have established D. had put up30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one another and ___ where we insociety.A. to determineB. determineC. to the determinationD. by determining31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause theonset of an ice age in about fifty years time.A. withB. inC. ByD. at32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were fewer calories in every slice.A. messageB. the messageC. MessagesD. information33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.A. being as more firmlyB. as more firmlyC. as being more firmlyD. as is more firmly34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing expansion credited largely to theMorrill Act of 1862.A was B. because C. to which D. an35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when exposed to air, and thusextend their shelf life.A. from becomingB. becomingC. to becomeD. to becoming36. Parents should realize that ……example is better than ____”A. statementB. lessonC. ProverbD. precept37.Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, _____sometimes they are white,various shades of brown or black.A but that B. though C. however D. therefore38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.A. EvenB. WhyC. AlthoughD. Nevertheless39.___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.A Plants are widely spaced B. The wide spacing of plantsC. The spacing of plants is wideD. Plants to be spaced widely40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, _____interrupt previously continuous layers.A. by whichB. which itC. where theyD. thus it。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：38
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Science and technology actually help to （） the useful and pleasant parts of traditional culture.问题1选项A.preserveB.prevailC.reserveD.precede【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。
句意:科学技术实际上有助于保存传统文化中有用的和讨人喜欢的部分。
选项中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。
preserve强调保护东西完好无损;reserve指保存储备留作后用。
根据句意可知，选项A更符合语境。
2.单选题The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U. S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more affected by women’s liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs are careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties, introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.These circumstances—women working outside the home and the instability of marriage一tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries in the near future. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century.Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of 1998 and 1999 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue, with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2010. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspiration will exceed resources. All this will lead to a population in the new century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control, the news is encouraging.1.What influences the birth rate most in the United States is （） .2.The sentence “From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive” implies that （） .3.A chief factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century is （） .4.The population in the new century, according to the writer, （） .问题1选项A.highly paid jobsB.women’s desire for independenceC.expenses of child raisingD.high divorce rate问题2选项A.food and clothing for babies are becoming incredibly expensiveB.prices are going up dramatically all the timeC.to raise children women have to give up interesting and well-paid jobsD.social development has made child-raising inexpensive问题3选项A.birth controlB.the desire to seek fortune in citiesC.the instability of marriageD.the changed place of women问题4选项A.will be smaller than a few years agoB.will not be as small as people expectC.will prove to be a threat to the worldD.will not continue as serious a problem as expected【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。
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兰州大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生英语考试试题Section I (20%)1. To con trol in tellige nee in the attempt to in sure only ben evole ntcon seque nces would sentence the huma n race to ignoran ce, stag nati on and decadence, and probably would be impossible.A. decepti onB. decli neC. revelatio nD. disclosure2. During the 1800s and early 1900s the academic discipli nes such aschemistry and physics made great headway.A. sacrificeB. progressC. forefro ntD. prec on cepti ons3. The purpose of the law is to preve nt discrim in ati on on the grounds of.SexA. n atio nalityB. raceC. gen derD. professi on4. The governor's helicopter hovered over the field for a long time beforelanding.A. stayedB. adjustedC. confron tedD. subdued5. The no ise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was oreve n where it came from.A. loudB. frighte ningC. gen eralD. in disti net6. A n understanding of the quantum theory is vital in the study of solid-state physics.A. helpfulB. aliveC. acquiredD. esse ntial7. No Ion ger is the populati on of that county as n early homogeneous as itonce was.A. un ited in political outlookB. uni form throughoutC. i ncli ned toward cooperati onD. politically con servative8. It is not possible for people to remember everything that they havethought, felt, or done.A. appreciateB. recallC. repeatD. discuss9. Much to Michael's surprise, his professi onal compete nee and languidmanner attracted clients to his law practice.A. show ing un dersta ndingB. sharp and preciseC. lack ing vigorD. positive and un swerv ing10. Probably the on ly protecti on for contemporary man is to discover howto use his intelligence in the service of love and kindness.A. moder nB. simulta neousC. meditativeD. con sideri ng11. But even more scandalous is the treatment the society inflicts on themajority of people during their youth and their maturity.A. imposesB. suffersC. affectsD. brings12. To the astonishment of his colleagues, he appeared to regard hesuggesti on as a panacea.A. uni versally welcome thoughtB. practical soluti onC. remedy for all difficultiesD. laughable idea13. The American lost the nuclear weapon monopoly when the Sovietsexpioded their first atomic bomb.A. bus in essB. con trolC. superiorityD. pribilege14. Migrant worker have difficulty finding steady employment.A. eligibleB. tran sie ntC. dilige ntD. Unm otivated15. The campaign seemed to signal a switch in the paper's editorial policy.A. orie ntati onB. reversalC. adjustme ntD. cha ngeover16. A darkened sky in the daytime is usually an indication that a storm isimmi nent.A .expected to be severe B. close byC. about to take placeD. possibly coming17. During the 1800s, hunters and trappers returned from the Yellowstoneregi on with reports of stra nge n atural wonders.A. marvelsB. occurre ncesC. thoughtsD. surprises18. Because of harsh weather conditions, more than a dozen states in theUn ited States wer declared disaster areas in 1977.A. improbableB. bizarreC. moistD. Severe19. The fun dame ntal eleme nt of a word is known as its root.A. finalB. basicC. importa ntD. simple20. Flying may be classified as en ergy tech no logy, but moder n aviati onwould be impossible without elaborate electro nic com muni cati ons and con trols.A. sophisticatedB. skillfulC. in flamedD. powerful Section II (20%)21. A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, _____ he is likely tosmile and reach out to ano ther infant.A. ifB. whe neverC. whereasD. so that22. When he arrived, he found ______ the aged and the sick at home.A. no other tha nB. none other tha nC. no thi ng butD. none but23. Great as Newt on was, many of his ideas ____ today and are beingmodified by the work of scientists of our time.A. are challe ngingB. are to challe ngeC. may be challe ngedD. have bee n challe nged24. Man has bee n profo un dly concerned and an xious about his ability tosurvive in the face of his comparative physical weaknessesand the multiple dan gers of his en vir onment.A. positivelyB. wiselyC. extremelyD. in creas in gly25. The new appointment of our presiden __________ from the verybegi nning of n ext semester.A. takes effectB. takes partC. takes placeD. takes tur ns26. Lightning is a ________ of electrical current from a cloud to theground of from one cloud to ano ther.A. ribb onB. rain bowC. rackD. rush27. It has been revealed that some government leaders _______ theirA. sophisticatedB. skillfulC. in flamedD. powerfulauthority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.A. abuseB. employC. takeD. overlook28. A healthy life is frequently thought to be _________ with the opencoun tryside and homegrow n food.A. tiedB. associatedC. boundD. invo lved\29. Jea n does n't want to work right away because she thi nks that if she___ a job she probably would n't be able to see her friends veryofte n.A. had gotB. has to getC. were to getD. could have got30. They took ________ measures to prevent poisonous gases fromesvap ing.A. fruitfulB. effectiveC. ben eficialD. valid\31. She was so _______ in her job that she did n't hear an ybodyknocking at the door.A. draw nB. attractedC. absorbedD. concen trated32. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that noamount of money could _______ .A. make up forB. sta nd up toC. come up withD. put up with33. You will want two tress about ten feet apart, from ____ to suspendyour tent.A. thereB. whereC. whichD. them34. It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparationshave bee n made.A. is not to be startedB. is not startedC. will not be startedD. not be started35. He decided to make further improveme nts on the computer's desig n____ the light of the requirements of customers.A. onB. inC. forD. with36. ______ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Had it n ot bee nB. Not bei ngC. Without bei ngD. Not havi ng bee n37. We don't need air conditioning ______ .A. nor can we afford itB. and nor we can afford itC. n either can afford itD. and we can n either afford it38. We _______ to start our own bus in ess, but we n ever had eno ughmon ey.A. have hopedB. had hopedC. would hopeD. should hope39. He made such a _____ contribution to the university that they arenaming one of the new buildi ngs after him.A. gen erousB. genuineC. mini miumD. modest40. We desire that the tour leader _____ us immediately of any changein pla nts.A. has in formedB. i nformsC. i nformedD. i nformPart Two Tran slation (40%)Section I (From English into Chinese)Directi ons: Read the followi ng passage carefully and the n tran slate the un derli ned senten ces into Chin ese. (20%)What does the phase Stats War/ mean? (1) Stats Warg is a United States research program desig ned to determ ine whether a defe nse system can be built to block intercontinentai ballistic missiles. Its official name is the Strategic Defense In itiative. The Ion g-ra nge goal is the erecti on of a space shield” to de stroy enemy warheads after the are launched, while they are in space flight or as they re-e nter the atmosphere.Space-based and Ian d-based weap ons would in clude several varieties of X-ray and other lasers; non explosive projiectiles called smart rocks”, and other devices. (2) The weap ons would require adva need computers and other tech no logies to detect the missiles and computers their paths, to ditect intercepting weapons over great distances and to maintain constant com muni cati ons betwee n the many comp onent parts of the overall system.Where did the idea come from? (3) In March 1983, in a speech proposing that nuclear weapons be made impotent and obsolete.” President Reagan stepped up the pace of missile-defense research. HeA. has in formedB. i nformsC. i nformedD. i nformwas urged on by , among others, Dr. Edward Teller, who led developme ntof the hydroge n bomb.What is the status of the program? (4) The administration has suggested spending $33 billion on Star Wars' over six fiscal years, spending would probably rise sharply later. Some preliminary lasers have, in fact, been tested and have hit targets in space; and an anti-satellite weap on, which represe nt a related eleme nt of missile defe nse, has bee n fired at and destroyed a satellite.Few of the basic building blocks of a sonce network are now available, (5) and the best estimate are that it will not be before the late 1980's that an assessme ntcan be made as to whether a defe nse shield would actually work.Section H (From Chinese into English)Directi ons: Read the followi ng passage carefully and the n tran slate the un der lined senten ces into En glish. (20%)我为乘客服务(6)有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一个女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。