儿子与情人论文

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儿子与情人中文论文

儿子与情人中文论文

论《儿子与情人》中的母子关系分析论文摘要:《儿子与情人》被誉为20世纪最具有创新精神的长篇小说之一。

劳伦斯在这本书中,描述了莫奈尔太太跟她的两个儿子,威廉和保罗之间的畸形关系。

由于莫奈尔太太有恋子情结,她像爱情人一样爱着她的儿子们;由于威廉和保罗有恋母情结,他们尤其是保罗都将莫奈尔太太视为自己的情人。

这种畸形关系导致了整个家庭的悲剧,破坏了莫奈尔太太、威廉、保罗和莫奈尔先生的幸福。

畸形的母子关系是这本书的重点之一,因此研究他们之间的关系及其成因是很有价值的。

论文关键词:儿子与情人;畸形关系;恋母情结;恋子情结劳伦斯,20世纪英国作家,是20世纪英语文学中最重要的人物之一,也是最具争议性的作家之一。

主要成就包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文、游记和书信。

生于一个煤矿工人家庭。

年轻时当过教师。

劳伦斯创作深受弗洛伊德心理分析学影响。

劳伦斯的作品过多地描写了色情,受到过猛烈的抨击和批评。

但他在作品中力求探索人的灵魂深处,并成功地运用了感人的艺术描写,因此,从他生前直到迄今为止,他的作品一直被世界文坛所重视。

《儿子与情人》是他的力作,也为劳伦斯赢得了广泛的声誉。

这是一部几乎作者本人自传体的小说。

小说的主人公保罗即为劳伦斯自我的影子。

这部作品以十九世纪中叶英格兰中部诺丁汉郡劳伦斯家乡一带煤、铁矿区与水乡阡陌纵横交叉的地带为背景,描述了一幅煤矿工人家庭的生活图景,真实而生动地传达了当时的历史和社会气息。

这部小说的前半部带有很大的自传性,真实地记叙了劳伦斯早年的生活经历。

劳伦斯生于1885年。

父亲是矿工,缺少教育;母亲出身上流社会,有良好的修养。

这种文化上的差异,使他们经常吵吵闹闹。

但这种差异使劳伦斯从父亲那里得到了丰富的社会经验,从母亲那里至高无上的关怀。

也许是母亲过分溺爱,劳伦斯有严重的恋母情结。

他在给朋友的信中说:“我们相互爱着,几乎像丈夫跟妻子那样的爱,同时又是母亲与儿子的爱。

我们俩就像一个人,彼此那样敏感,我们之间不要语言。

儿子与情人爱与禁忌的斗争母性与欲望的交错

儿子与情人爱与禁忌的斗争母性与欲望的交错

儿子与情人爱与禁忌的斗争母性与欲望的交错儿子与情人:爱与禁忌的斗争,母性与欲望的交错在人类社会中,情感与欲望从古至今一直是人们心灵最深处的秘密。

而在家庭中,尤其是父母与子女之间的关系更是一个微妙的存在。

本文将探讨一个稍具争议性的话题:儿子与情人之间的爱与禁忌,以及母性与欲望之间的交错。

在人们所熟知的西方文学中,这个主题得到了大量的创作,并被广泛探索。

从希腊神话中的俄狄浦斯与约卡斯忒,到莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》,儿子与母亲之间的情感纠葛一直是文学创作的经典题材之一。

而在现实生活中,虽然这些故事并不常见,但我们却无法否认这样的情感纠葛在一定程度上存在。

儿子对母亲的情感常常比其他亲属关系更为亲密,因为母性是人类最初、最基本的情感联系。

在儿子看来,母亲是爱与温暖的化身,是无条件的依赖。

然而,当情感的需求与性欲的冲动交织在一起时,问题就出现了。

在心理学中,存在着一种称为恋母情结的现象。

这一概念源于弗洛伊德的理论,指的是男性在儿童阶段时对母亲的特殊情感依赖。

这种依赖可能在成年后会转化为对异性的吸引,进而导致对母性的情感和欲望的冲突。

尽管这种情结在正常的母子关系中很少出现,但在某些情况下,儿子与母亲之间的爱与禁忌的斗争会浮现出来。

例如,当儿子成长到一定年龄,开始对异性产生兴趣时,他可能会受到对母亲的感情依赖的困扰。

同时,母亲在这个阶段也会面临着对儿子更正常的角色转变的挑战。

这样的情况可能导致两个极端的结果。

一方面,儿子会尝试远离母亲,寻找其他女性来满足自己的情感和性欲需求。

另一方面,儿子也可能选择留恋在母亲的身边,对其产生强烈的独占欲望。

在心理学中,这种现象被称为"替代性恋爱对象",并被认为是一种不健康的心理状态。

而在母亲的角度来看,她也面临着类似的情感斗争。

母亲在儿子的成长过程中,通常会感受到对其更为独占性的需求。

然而,她也明白了解儿子需要独立与发展的必要性。

这样的矛盾常常会让母亲感到困惑和无助。

儿子与情人英文论文

儿子与情人英文论文

英美文学课程论文论文题目:MY ANALYSIS OF POSSESSION ANDOEDIPUS COMPLEX IN SONS ANDLOVERS----对《儿子与情人》中占有欲以及恋母情结的分析学生姓名:学号:班级:完成日期:2010年11月22日My Analysis of Possession and Oedipus complex in Sons andLoversAbstractDavid Herbert Lawrence is one of the greatest English novelists of the 20th century. During his life-long literary career, he had written more than ten novels and several short stories. He wrote a lot of great works, one of his most popular novels is Sons and Lovers. This novel is about the life of the Morels’ family. Mr. Morel, Mrs. Morel, willwam, Paul, Miriam and Clara are the main characters in this novel. The author develops the story by portraying the relationships between these characters. But the end of the relationship is a tragedy. And nowadays we also can find this kind of tragedy there and here in the world. It’s because of the possession that cause the tragedy .This thesis will prove this view from the possession of different relationships. That’s the possession of wife to husband, the possession of mother to sons, and the possession of two girl friends to Paul and Paul's Oedipus complex to analyze the destruction of possession.Key words: Oedipus complex;tragedy;relationship;Possession对《儿子与情人》中占有欲以及恋母情结的分析摘要劳伦斯是20世纪最伟大的英国小说家之一。

《儿子与情人》的作文

《儿子与情人》的作文

《儿子与情人》的作文儿子与情人无论在何时何地,儿子与情人之间的关系都充满着诸多的纠纷和矛盾。

作为一个年轻而又有为的儿子,我想就这个话题进行一番探讨,以期能够更好地理解和处理这种复杂的关系。

回首过去,我认识到儿子与情人之间的矛盾来源于各种不同的因素。

首先,儿子通常与情人在兴趣爱好、价值观和生活方式等方面存在着差异。

作为一个成长中的年轻人,儿子自然会追求与时俱进、充满朝气和活力的生活方式,而情人则可能偏向于稳重和传统。

这种差异导致儿子与情人之间的交流和理解存在一定的障碍。

其次,家人的期望对儿子与情人关系的发展也有着重要的影响。

家人通常希望儿子能够与情人建立稳定而长久的关系,因此他们对情人的期望也更高。

然而,在满足家人期望的同时,儿子也需要考虑自己内心真实的想法和感受,这就增加了他们在处理与情人相处时的困难。

另外,文化和传统观念也在一定程度上决定了儿子与情人之间的矛盾。

在某些文化背景下,家庭的意志往往被认为是至高无上的,而儿子则应该将家庭责任放在首位。

然而,在现代社会中,个人的追求和发展也越来越重要,这使得儿子不得不在履行家庭责任和追求自己的幸福之间做出抉择。

面对这种矛盾和纠纷,儿子首先应该在沟通和理解上下功夫。

只有通过积极的沟通,双方才能更好地了解彼此的需求和期望。

儿子应该尊重情人的意见,并且试图与她建立共同的认知和共识。

同时,情人也应该学会倾听和理解儿子的想法,并且尊重他追求个人发展和幸福的权利。

同时,儿子也应该学会在家人期望和自己想法之间寻找平衡点。

他需要告诉家人自己的真实想法和感受,与他们进行建设性的对话和交流。

通过互相尊重和理解,儿子与家人之间的关系可以更加和谐,这也为儿子与情人之间的关系创造了更好的条件。

最后,儿子需要学会处理文化和传统观念对自己的影响。

他应该理解和尊重传统价值观,但也要明确表达自己的观点和追求。

这需要儿子具备独立思考和判断的能力,同时也需要他有足够的勇气去追求自己的幸福和发展。

儿子与情人家庭与情感的纠葛成长与自我救赎

儿子与情人家庭与情感的纠葛成长与自我救赎

儿子与情人家庭与情感的纠葛成长与自我救赎儿子与情人:家庭与情感的纠葛,成长与自我救赎一个家庭中的情感纠葛常常成为一个人成长道路上的拦路虎。

在这个故事中,我们将探讨一个儿子在家庭与情感纠葛中所经历的成长与自我救赎。

这个故事同时也是一个关于家庭与爱情之间微妙关系的思考。

儿子的童年充满了温暖,他与父母之间的关系亲密且融洽。

然而,随着时间的推移,他逐渐与父母渐行渐远。

他的注意力被其他事物所吸引,尤其是他那个迷人的情人。

情人是一个美丽而聪明的年轻女子,在她的魅力下,儿子被吸引得无法自拔。

他们之间的感情越发深厚,儿子开始将更多的时间和精力投入到情人那里,而不是和父母一起度过。

这种改变并没有立刻被父母察觉到,但渐渐地,他们意识到了儿子与情人之间的微妙关系。

就像许多父母一样,他们感到担忧和不满,因为他们觉得他们失去了对儿子的控制和影响力。

他们开始对情人抱有负面的看法,并试图将儿子与情人的联系断开。

然而,这种干涉只会引起儿子的反抗。

他感到被束缚和限制,他渴望自由和选择自己的爱人。

儿子开始和父母产生摩擦,与他们的关系逐渐变得紧张。

他觉得他们不理解他的感受,无法接受他与情人的关系。

他们的分歧逐渐演变成了一场家庭内部的斗争。

儿子在这个纠纷中变得越来越沮丧和困惑。

他对自己的感情感到内疚,对父母的期望感到压力。

他是一个善良而有责任感的人,他不想伤害他的父母,但同时他也不愿意放弃他的爱情。

在这个关键时刻,儿子开始对自己的选择和行为进行反思。

他意识到他正在伤害他最亲近的人,他的家人。

他深深地意识到家庭对他来说是多么重要,他希望能够修补他们之间的关系。

因此,儿子决定坚持自己的选择,但试图以不同的方式与父母沟通和妥协。

他努力表达自己的想法和感受,并试图让父母理解他的立场。

虽然这个过程充满挑战,但通过开放的对话和彼此的理解,他们渐渐地找到了一个平衡。

父母也开始看到儿子的成熟和独立,他们对他的爱情也开始接受和支持。

最终,这个家庭克服了他们之间的纠纷,重建了紧密的联系。

《儿子与情人》论文:《儿子与情人》中的男性气质

《儿子与情人》论文:《儿子与情人》中的男性气质

《儿子与情人》论文:《儿子与情人》中的男性气质【中文摘要】D. H.劳伦斯是20世纪英国的杰出文学家,《儿子与情人》是他的第三部小说,也是他的第一部重要的小说。

故事发生在19世纪工业化的英国,以一个名叫河川区的矿区为背景,描写了矿工莫瑞尔一家的生活以及他的几个子女的成长经历。

国内外许多专家学者从不同视角对《儿子与情人》进行了解读,但大多专注于心理分析或者文本解读,而针对莫瑞尔父子三人男性气质的研究的论文却不多见。

就国内外《儿子与情人》的研究现状而言,评论家主要以心理分析和文本分析为理论依据,围绕文本中的两个主要人物保罗和他的母亲莫瑞尔太太进行分析。

事实上,保罗的父亲莫瑞尔和兄长威廉在小说中也有很重要的地位,他们理应得到关注。

莫瑞尔及其子威廉和保罗的生活经历是三部不同的有关男性气质的历史。

莫瑞尔的经历是一部充满挫折及心酸的历史;威廉的经历是一部激情与不安并存的历史;保罗的经历则是一部有惊无险的历史。

本论文共分三个部分。

第一部分包括《儿子与情人》国内外研究现状的综述、本论文的研究问题、研究、研究方法、及论文的整体框架。

第二部分(论文的第一、二、三、四章)是论文的主干部分,分别论述了男性气质的理论,莫瑞尔,威廉及保罗的男性气质维护和建构历史。

第一章是男性气质研究的简要历史,介绍了这一概念的产生发展史及在不同历史时期的不同体现。

本章还介绍了澳大利亚社会学家康奈尔对不同类型男性气质的界定,说明了莫瑞尔、威廉和保罗分别代表了康奈尔划分的共谋性、支配性边缘性的男性气质。

第二章是关于莫瑞尔受伤的男性气质。

首先论述了莫瑞尔太太如何尽力将丈夫的男性气质消解,及莫瑞尔如何尽最大努力来维护其共谋性男性气质。

其次论述了莫瑞尔家的子女们,在其母亲的教唆下,如何伙同他们的母亲将父亲的男性气质消解掉,及莫瑞尔怎样维护自己作为男性的尊严的。

第三章分析了威廉建构支配性男性气质的过程。

威廉从小就有建立支配性男性气质的雄心,其雄心得到了母亲充分的挖掘与培养。

儿子与情人 文献综述 2014.4.16

儿子与情人 文献综述 2014.4.16

On the Image of Mother and Its Influences on Sons in S ons and Lovers 论《儿子与情人》中的母亲形象及其对儿子的影响Literature Review2010级11班熊亮亮Abstract: Sons and Lovers is the famous British writer Laurence’s autobiographical novel in the beginning of the twentieth century, is universally regarded as the masterpiece of Laurence. Since the advent of the book, it has given rise to much controversy in British society and literature. The novel gives unique perspective to reveal us the distortions between mother and son, deformity of love. This thesis paper chooses these two characters Mrs. Morel and Paul in S ons and Lovers as the objects of study. In order to reveal the abnormal attachment relationship between mother and children, here we will analyze the “Oedipus complex”, “Narcissism” and the influences the mother brings to the sons. By reading a lot of scholars’ comments, I have presented the title of my paper from their points of view: On the Image of Mother and Its Influences on Sons in Sons and Lovers.摘要:《儿子与情人》是二十世纪初英国作家劳伦斯的一部自传体小说,被公认为劳伦斯的成名作。

儿子与情人母爱与禁忌之间的挣扎与痛苦

儿子与情人母爱与禁忌之间的挣扎与痛苦

儿子与情人母爱与禁忌之间的挣扎与痛苦儿子与情人:母爱与禁忌之间的挣扎与痛苦母亲的爱是伟大而无私的,她们总是愿意为了子女的幸福而付出一切。

然而,在一些特殊的情况下,这份母爱却会与禁忌纠缠在一起,给儿子和母亲带来无尽的挣扎与痛苦。

在这篇文章中,我们将探讨儿子与情人之间的复杂关系,以及母亲在其中所经历的冲突与矛盾。

从儿子的角度来看,他身处于两个重要女性的关系之中:母亲与情人。

母亲是他成长过程中最亲近的人,她的爱是无条件地,充满关怀与保护。

然而,当情人出现在他的生活中时,他们之间的关系变得复杂而纠结。

他可能会感到内疚和迷茫,因为他不能很好地处理母亲和情人之间的关系。

母亲也会陷入一种矛盾的困境中。

她可能会感到儿子与情人之间的竞争与排斥,这将对她的母爱造成巨大的挑战。

她可能会抱怨自己付出了太多,却收获了太少。

她的心可能既充满爱,又充满愤怒和失望。

母亲会陷入一种纠结的思想中:应该放手让儿子独立发展,还是继续在他的生活中占据重要的位置?这种挣扎与痛苦的源头主要在于禁忌的存在。

母亲与儿子之间的爱是理所当然的,但与情人之间的关系则是禁忌的。

这种禁忌并不仅仅来源于道德观念,更深层次地根植于社会与文化中。

这样的禁忌经常体现为对母子恋爱的社会压力和道德谴责,使得母亲和儿子都不敢公开表达他们之间的情感。

然而,禁忌并不能阻挡母爱的流淌。

它仍然存在于他们的内心深处,产生了无法抵挡的吸引力。

母亲与儿子之间的情感纠葛使他们倍感痛苦,但也带来了某种特殊的快乐,一种无法言表的亲密关系。

他们在这个禁区内找到了一种独特的情感满足,虽然这种满足是暗含着解禁的危险。

在这种挣扎与痛苦中,母亲与儿子不得不做出艰难的选择。

他们也许会选择放弃这段禁忌的关系,选择向社会和文化的压力屈服。

他们可能会试图疏远彼此,寻找新的生活伴侣,以消除内心的困扰。

然而,放弃并不意味着解决,禁忌的诱惑仍然会存在,并持续对他们产生影响。

另一方面,他们也可能决定勇敢地面对这段复杂的关系。

劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》中保罗的悲剧 论文

劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》中保罗的悲剧  论文

An Analysis of Paul's Tragedy in Sons and LoversAbstract: Sons and Lovers (1913), the masterpiece of David Herbert Lawrence, is an autobiographical psychoanalytic novel. In Sons and Lovers, the abnormal relationship between Paul and his mother is actually accord with the symptoms of “Oedipus Complex”which is a term in psychoanalysis which was made by Freud. The thesis tries to analyze Paul's tragedy from the view of “Oedipus Complex”and provides the reasons that result in Paul's “Oedipus Complex”from many aspects and the consequence of it. The thesis points out that we should pay much more attention to the psychological health of people, especially the psychological health of children.Key words: Sons and Lovers; Paul's tragedy; Oedipus complex1.Introduction1.1. Brief Introduction on Lawrence and Sons and LoversDavid Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 –2 March 1930) is an English novelist, poet, playwright, essayist and one of the greatest figures in 20th-century English Literature. During his short period of literary career, he accomplished a great number of literary works. These works include 10 pieces of full-length novels, 7 pieces of medium-length novels, more than 50 pieces of short stories, and more than 1000 pieces of poems and so on.Lawrence was born in a miner's family of Eastwood Nottinghamshire on November 11th , 1885. His father Arthur John Lawrence, a barely literate miner, had a rough character and an addiction for alcohol, while his mother was a well-educated lady who was a former schoolteacher. Due to the poverty of the family and the class differences, the affection between his parents disappearing gradually. Then his mother gave all her love to him. This lopsided love, however, resulted in his relying on his mother for a long period and failed to form independent personality and perfect sex ability. It was not till the December of 1910 when his mother died of illness did he escape from this abnormal love.Sons and Lovers (1913), the third piece of the 10 pieces of full-length novels of Lawrence, is the most popular one of his novels. It is Sons and Lovers that laid his foundation of reputation as a writer and made him continuing his writing career. Sons and Lovers, the masterpiece of Lawrence, is an autobiographical novel and was written based on hisexperience of childhood and juvenile period.1.2 Literature ReviewSons and Lovers of Lawrence is one of the most controversial novels in western literature. After the novel was published, many western researchers studied the novel. They showed different attitudes toward Lawrence and his Sons and Lovers. Some researchers supported the novel and Lawrence, while others were strongly against the novel and Lawrence. T. S. Eliot, a female British writer, dislikes the sex in Sons and Lovers. She has ever said that the publishing of Sons and Lovers symbols the corruption of human beings was deepening. She and other critics criticized Sons and Lovers mainly for the sex theme in the novel. However; John Macy admires the language skills that Lawrence used in the novel. In the preface of Sons and Lovers which was published in 1992, he pointed out that this novel is master piece in which every word is wonderful. And as the Oedipus complex is one of most moving points in the novel, many foreign repay their attention to it. Since 1950, many researchers overseas tended to analyze the novel from two aspects: the language skills and the psychological view.Since Sons and Lovers were published in China, a lot of Chinese researchers have attached much attention to it. They insist that the industrial civilization damaged the relationships of Paul’s family and then leads to Paul’s tragedy. They grasped the key point to have a good understanding of the novel and tried to analyze the tragedy of Paul from three aspects: the social factors, the family factors and the Paul’s own weakness.Sons and Lovers depicted the life of the two graduations of the Morels in the early 20th century. It’s a window that we can have a good knowledge of the life of low class of the British men in the early 20th century. And Paul’s tragedy in the novel exposed the destruction of the Capitalist industrialization process toward the nature and the psychological health. Besides, in the novel, Lawrence used a great deal of psychological description. Thus, the study of the novel is meaningful.In a word, Sons and Lovers is a successful novel which paved the way for Lawrence’s successful literary performance. Both overseas and domestic researchers have done muchstudy on Sons and Lovers. They studied the novel from different aspects such as the language skills, the reasons which lead to Paul's Oedipus complex and the character analysis. This thesis will focus on Paul's tragedy, tracing the reasons that lead to it, so the reader will have a deeper understanding of Paul's tragedy and clear idea about the importance of psychological health.2. Paul's Oedipus ComplexThe Oedipus Complex of Paul was developed in a long period from his childhood to his adulthood. And it had affected not only his life but his affection affairs. The reasons include the harsh social environment, the abnormal love of his mother, Paul's own weakness.2.1 What is “Oedipus Complex”?In order to understand Paul's “Oedipus Complex”, we should give a definition of “Oedipus Complex”. Oedipus Complex means that a son loves his mother to an abnormal extent and he detests his father very much. Usually the one who has “Oedipus Complex” lives in a family without a balanced relationship among his parents and him. And he and his mother hate his father, he and his mother trend to love each other. Then he will find it difficult to love other girls for he actually love his mother.2.1.1 Origin of “Oedipus Complex”Oedipus Complex is a term in psychoanalysis which was made by Austrian psychologist, psychiatrist Freud and also one of his important theories. The term originated from the story of Oedipus in Greek mythology. Oedipus killed his father with no intention and got married with his mother.①It is said that the king of Thebe, Laius, was warned by a prophecy that predicted that he would be killed by his son. Thus, he decided to kill his son Oedipus by leaving him alone in mountains. Oedipus would had died if he hadn't been saved by a sheepherder. The sheepherder brought him to the Corinth and the king who didn't have any children adopted ①王毅.论《儿子与情人》中俄狄浦斯情结的悲剧[J].河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001,(3).him. When he grew up, he killed his father in a dispute. At that time, the people in Thebe was in danger because Sphinx, a enchantress would kill them if they could not answer her questions. Oedipus saved the people of Thebe for he had gave a correct answer to Sphinx's questions. Then Oedipus became the king of Thebe and got married with his mother. His mother killed herself and Oedipus blinded himself after they have known all the facts.2.1.2 Freud’s Theory of “Oedipus ComplexFrom the behavior of patient who got neurosis, Sigmund Freud found that the strong jealousy to either one of the parents may produce huge destructive power. This power may result in fear and may produce perpetual obstacle and influence on personality forming. Freud judged that that phenomenon is a universal phenomenon because Freud often observed it on the patient who got neurosis. Freud found that the Oedipus complex is the core of neurosis, and based on this he tried to explain complex phenomenon in other cultures.In Totem and Taboo (1913), Freud put forward that the early sexual object of a boy in early time is his mother. He always wants to occupy the position of the father and competes with his father for his mother's love. That is the Oedipus complex. Freud thinks Oedipus complex is an important factor in the development of personality, and uses it to explain the origin of the culture and society.2.2 Reasons for Paul's “Oedipus Complex”The reasons why Paul got Oedipus Complex are very complex. There are three reasons accounting for Paul's Oedipus Complex: the influence of social background, the influence of Paul's family, and Paul's own weakness. The three reasons tangled and act on Paul all together. And the origin of Paul's Oedipus Complex is the harsh social background. The unbalanced relationship results from the social background of that time result in Paul's Oedipus Complex. And the special family of Paul deepens his Oedipus Complex. Then Paul's own weakness made him unable to escape from the control of his mother. And he was plunged into the morass of the Oedipus Complex and couldn't get out of it.2.2.1 The Influence of Social BackgroundThe story is set in Victorian era. At that time, the development of Industrial Revolution reached its peak. The industry and commerce were booming at that time. However, the development of industry and commerce affected the life of people in many aspects. First of all, a great deal of labor force was urgently needed for. More and more factories were established in England. In order to gain labor force, enclosure movement was carried out in a larger scale than before. During the 18th and 19th centuries, 4763 pieces of legislation relating to the enclosure had been approved to occupy 2.69 million hectares of arable land and public land. The English farmers lost their land and farms and had to change their life. They had to leave their land and flooded into the city to work in the factories. Their lives were miserable. The new workers had to work hard to maintain their daily life and the only thing they wanted to do is making money. They had no time to relax themselves though they were working under great pressure. They had little time to care for their family or other people.In Sons and Lovers, the disharmony relationship between Mr. Morel and Mrs. Morel and the abnormal relationship between Mrs. Morel and her sons lead to Paul's and William's failing to escape from their psychological illness. The occurrence of that phenomenon is because the capitalist industrialization, the harsh working environment, tense life condition and relentless relationship distorted the inner world of people, damaged the harmony of families and harmed the physical and mental health. From this view, the broken marriage of Mr. Morel and Mrs. Morel and the tragedy of Paul stemmed from the progress of industrialization.①Thus, Paul's Oedipus Complex was more or less related with the social background of that time.2.2.2 The Influence of Paul's FamilyThere were 5 members in Paul's family: Mr. Morel, Mrs. Morel, William, Anna and himself. His father Mr. Morel was a miner who had a bad temper and addiction for alcohol. His mother Mrs. Morel however is an educated lady who came from the middle class. William is his elder brother who is a handsome and brilliant boy. Anne is his younger sister. His ①徐晓晴.从《儿子与情人》中的婚姻裂变看英国工业文明的悲剧[J].安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版),2002,(11).mother was very disappointed with the behaviors of his father after some days they have got married. She had nothing to share with her husband for they come from different classes. As a miner, the only way for his father to support the family was working hard and making much more money. And the only way his father could free himself from the great economic pressure of his big family was drinking. However, his mother who came from the middle class detested all those behaviors of his father. Then, the affection between his mother and father disappeared gradually. All the relationships in a family are closely related, all linked with one another, once one of those relationships is been damaged, all the relationship will change. Thus, one of the relationships changed, another will be changed, too.①All his mother's hopes were placed on his brother William. He was born when the marriage of his parents had broken. And after the death of William, his mother turned to Paul.Being brought up in such an abnormal family, Paul got little care from his father but too much attention from his mother. This unbalanced relationship among Paul and mother result in his Oedipus Complex. He loved his mother and relied on his mother. And his hatred towards his father distorted his psychology. He even regarded his mother as his lover. He even said, " At any rate, mother, I'll never marry", "But I shan't marry, mother, I shall live with you and we'll have a servant".②In the shadow of abnormal love of his mother, Paul lost his ability to love.③The abnormal family relationships result in his Oedipus Complex.2.2.3 The Influence of Paul's Own WeaknessApart from the influence of social background and family, Paul himself should also be responsible for his Oedipus Complex. From childhood on, Paul is especially sensitive, artistic and imaginative, and he becomes extraordinarily dependent on his mother.④It is Paul's own weakness that made Paul unable to be independent and his relying on his mother.On the one hand, Paul was sensitive to what other people felt and he especially cared about what his mother felt. He couldn't help to taking his mother's feeling into consideration before he did his own things. He tried to do whatever he could do to please his mother and①张文静.工业文明下的人际关系的扭曲----对《儿子与情人》的探讨[J].黄山学院学报,2009,(8)② [英]劳伦斯.儿子与情人[M].刘一之,张金玲译.北京:中国文联出版社,1999:423.③赵渭绒.畸形母爱:生命中不能承受之重----《孔雀东南飞》与《儿子与情人》之比较[J].广西民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2005,(9).④谭焕新.Character Analysis on Paul Morel in Son and Lovers[J].Overseas English,2011,(2).avoid doing the things which would hurt her feelings. He was bound by the feeling and the abnormal love of his mother. Then, he hated his father who always hurt his mother and even wanted to take place of his father. In fact, with his love to his mother, his hatreds to his father increased, Paul's Oedipus Complex become deeper and deeper.On the other hand, Paul was lacking of courage to free himself from the abnormal love of his mother. In fact, Paul realized that he was bound by his mother' love. And he has ever put forward his discontent to his mother for intervening his love affairs with Clara. However, he made a compromise and promised his mother he wouldn't get married. In fact, even if his mother didn't do anything to stop Paul's love affairs with Clara, he wouldn't have ability to seize his happiness. And this was caused by his weakness in character.①His Oedipus Complex became deeper.In one word, Paul' own weakness was closely related with his Oedipus Complex.3. The Consequence of Paul's Oedipus ComplexFrom his childhood to his adulthood, the Oedipus Complex had affected Paul's life in many aspects. Under the influence of Oedipus Complex, Paul became more and more sensitive and lost himself in his mother's love. He couldn't make any decision without his mother's advice. His girlfriends were more or less like his mother and he always worried about his mother's feeling about his girlfriend. He tried whatever he could do to please his mother. The relationship between him and his mother became abnormal. The strong control and attachment of his mother to Paul split his personality and made Paul a "Half Man" whose psychology is abnormal.②3.1 The Influence on Paul's LifePaul's Oedipus Complex changed his life a lot. As a man, he should have an independent life as other normal men and he should fall in love with a girl and get married with her. However, he regarded his mother as the center of life. He wanted to be excellent for his①陈瑜明.劳伦斯笔下的悲剧性人物保罗[J].菁田学院学报,2004,(12).②陈瑜明.劳伦斯笔下的悲剧性人物保罗[J].菁田学院学报,2004,(12).mother and wanted to protect his mother. Then, he couldn't live without his mother and independent. His mother even intervenes in his love affairs. He lost his ability to love a girl because of his Oedipus Complex. That is to say, Paul's life was deeply influenced by Oedipus Complex.3.1.1 The Influence on Paul's Individual LifePaul's individual life was totally ruined by his Oedipus Complex. He couldn't live without his mother. Thus, after his mother died, he lost his directions of his future. When his mother was alive, He didn't have the ability to arrange his life for his mother always helped him to arrange his life. He gave up painting, his hobby, and his life was in a mess.First of all, he couldn't arrange his daily life. The normal daily life of Paul became disordered without his mother. He lost his mother he relied on. He didn't know how to live a normal life and arrange his time. He addicted to alcohol and did nothing but drinking with some friends and strangers everyday.Secondly, due to the death of his mother; he gave up painting, his hobby and dream. A person who lost his dream is an utterly worthless person in the society. He didn't want to change anything or make any progress.3.1.2 The Influence on Paul's Family LifePaul's Oedipus complex had a great effect upon Paul's family life. His mother's strong attachment to Paul made his father feel envious. The stronger the attachment, the more envious his father was. And the envy made his father crazy and he behaved much worse than before. Then his bad behavior aroused the aversion of his mother. As a result, the relationship between Paul and his father became bad. Paul hated his father and his father also disliked Paul. In the eyes of the children, the father didn't play an appropriate role in the family. And under the influence of the mother the children were unable to treat their father with right attitude.①He left home after his mother died for he couldn't bear to stay with his father, In fact, sometimes Paul played a role as his mother's lover and distorted the family life. He always stayed with his mother as long as he had time. He was more of a husband than a ①张文静.工业文明下人际关系的扭曲----对《儿子与情人》的探讨[J].黄山学院学报,2009,(8).son. The relationship between his mother and him was also abnormal. He realized vaguely that he had never lived without his mother and it means that he had never lived a real life. The feeling that he couldn't live without his mother and the feeling of he couldn't live independently unless she died mixed in his brain. However, when his mother died, he cried painfully like a lover: " My love--my love--oh, my love!” he whispered again and again "my love--oh, my love!"①In a word, Paul's Oedipus complex has an effect on both the relationship between his father and between his mother.3.2 The Influence on Paul's Love AffairsPaul's emotional world was deeply affected by Paul's Oedipus complex. He had two girlfriends altogether, one was Miriam and the other was Clara. He ever fell in love with both the two girls. However, Paul's Oedipus complex separated Paul and his girlfriends. Paul was very painful in these two love affairs because of his mother's intervention.3.2.1 The Influence on Paul and MiriamMiriam was the first girlfriend of Paul. Miriam was a girl who thought highly of religious belief and spiritual love. And she often imagined herself as one of the famous ladies in the history. Paul acquainted with her when he was young. They loved each others at first. But they did not tell each other about their affection, for Paul was a sensitive man and Miriam was a conservative girl. The relationship between them was very delicate. They got along well and they had almost the same understanding of life. They were very happy when they stayed together.However, the intervention of Paul's mother and Paul's Oedipus complex changed the relationship between him and Miriam. Paul became anxious to date with Miriam for a long time for his mother had told him that she didn’t like Paul to stay with Miriam for a long time. So when Paul stayed with Miriam, he felt worried and wanted to torment Miriam. His attitude towards Miriam also changed. Controlled by the Oedipus complex and his mother's love, he①刘积源.论《儿子与情人》中保罗的“恋母情结”及形成的原因[J].西南科技大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005,(2).couldn't devote himself into his love affair with Miriam. In order to please his mother, he didn't allow Miriam to stay with him for a long time. Sometimes, he told his mother that he and Miriam were friends, not lovers. Once he thought about his mother was uneasy at home, he would torment Miriam. He didn't felt satisfied with the love affair with Miriam even after they had had sex.In fact, he had never loved Miriam by heart though Miriam loved him very much. Paul's love affair was bound to fail for the Oedipus complex had made him an abnormal man.3.2.2 The Influence on Paul and ClaraClara was the second girlfriend of Paul. She was a beautiful and hot lady who had got married. However, Paul accepted her and broke up with Miriam. The relationship between Paul and Clara was much stranger than the relationship between him and Miriam. In the daytime, he wouldn't care for Clare and he didn't felt Clara stayed with him in the same workplace. Clara, however, loved him very much. And Clara felt Paul didn't love her by heart. They were attracted by each others for sexual requirements. Their love concerned only about sex and noting more than that he only needed her at night.They didn't share the same interest and attitude towards life. Paul liked painting and he always showed his pictures to Miriam when they were lovers. As usual, he showed his new picture to Clara. But the reaction of Clara disappointed him. Clara didn't like his picture. The control of Paul's Oedipus Complex made him only gain satisfaction of sex from Clara.Paul had never thought of living with his girlfriends in the future. And he said that he only wanted to make much money and buy a house where he and his mother could live together with a servant.4. The Enlightenment of Paul’s TragedyPaul's tragedy was mainly caused by his Oedipus Complex. And the main reason is the harsh social environment and great social class differences. And the problems of psychological health of Paul changed his life and his love affairs totally. The enlightenment of Paul's tragedy is as the following:First of all, living in such a busy world and a society where money is first, we should set aside some time for entertainment and relax. And we should try to find some way to free us from the great pressures. And we had better not to regard making money as the only purpose why we live. Keeping a good feeling everyday and trying to avoid the problems of psychological health.Secondly, in order to have a harmonious family and society, we should pay more attention to each member in our family because one relationship will affect another relationship. If we wanted to have a healthier family, we should communicate with our families and let them know we are caring for them. And the love to children from both sides of parents should be balanced.5. ConclusionPaul's tragedy which took place in the period of Industrial Revolution of Britain mainly resulted from his Oedipus complex. And Paul's Oedipus complex was developed over a long period from his childhood to his adulthood. During the period, his Oedipus complex was deepened continuously. The harsh social environment was the origin of Paul's Oedipus complex. In such a society where the rich became much richer while the poor became much poorer, Paul's father and other people came from low class had to work hard in order to maintain the family's daily life. His father had no other way to free himself from the great economic pressure but to drink a lot. Paul's mother, a lady came from the middle class, hated the bad habits of the low class and looked down upon her husband. The class differences were the obstacles for their marriage. And the unbalance relationship between them made Paul's mother try to attaches her to his sons. After William died, his mother turned to Paul. Paul was such a sensitive person that he unable to free himself from his mother’s overwhelms attachment and his Oedipus Complex sprouted at the same time.The Oedipus Complex of Paul had great influence on his life in many aspects: first of all, it leads to Paul's failing to arrange for his daily life, he lost his ability to live independently without his mother. Secondly, the relationship between his father and him was ruined by his strong prejudice on his father and his strong attachment to his mother. The last but not least,he lost his ability to love a girl and failed in his two pieces of love affairs.The enlightenment we can learn from the tragedy of Paul is that the mental and psychological health of people is very important. And we should think about how to keep him mental and psychological health. What we should do to face the busy society and great pressures nowadays is learn to relax ourselves and free us from the great pressures. What's more, we should pay attention to the balance of our family relationship. We should care for our family members, especially the children.References[1]陈瑜明.劳伦斯笔下的悲剧性人物保罗[J].菁田学院学报,2004,(12).[2]蒋炳贤.《劳伦斯评论集》前言[J].杭州大学学报,1989,(2):79-86.[3]刘积源.论《儿子与情人》中保罗的“恋母情结”及形成的原因[J].西南科技大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005,(06).[4][英]劳伦斯.儿子与情人[M].刘一之,张金玲译.北京:中国文联出版社,1999.[5]任培红.现代文明的悲剧---从人物悲剧透视《儿子与情人》中莫雷尔一家[J].外国文学,2008,(3):107-109.[6]谭焕新.Character Analysis on Paul Morel in Son and Lovers [J].Overseas English,2011, (02).[7]王毅.论《儿子与情人》中俄狄浦斯情结的悲剧[J].河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001,(03).[8]席战强.精神的悲剧---论精神生态视域下的《儿子与情人》[J].贺州学院学报,2012,(06).[9]徐晓晴.从《儿子与情人》中的婚姻裂变看英国工业文明的悲剧[J].安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版),2002,(11).[10]赵渭绒.畸形母爱:生命中不能承受之重---《孔雀东南飞》与《儿子与情人》之比较[J].广西民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2005,(09).[11]张文静.工业文明下人际关系的扭曲---对《儿子与情人》的探讨[J].黄山学院学报,2009,(08).[12]周丽丽.浅析《儿子与情人》中保罗爱情悲剧的原因[J].泰州职业技术学院学报,2010,(04).论《儿子与情人》中男主人公保罗的悲剧摘要:戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯的代表作《儿子与情人》是一部带有自传体性质的精神分析小说。

论劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》中人性的异化-毕业论文

论劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》中人性的异化-毕业论文

---文档均为word文档,下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印--- 摘要:《儿子与情人》是劳伦斯早期的成名作。

历来人们对它的主题众说纷纭,不同于国外学者多从弗洛伊德的心理分析来研究作品。

本文主要从人物关系,尤其是家庭伦理关系的角度出发来探讨工业文明和物质文明的飞速发展对人的异化。

分别从人与他人、自我、社会几个方面来深入的探讨异化的表现以及异化的深层次原因。

所谓的物质文明的发展压抑束缚了人的自然个性将现代文明的罪恶和丑陋暴露了出来,这也表现这作者自己的道德观,呼吁着自然人性的回归对我们当今建设和谐社会,建立道德的评价尺度有重要的意义。

关键词:母子关系;异化;伦理Abstract:《Sons and lovers》is Lawrence's early works. Traditionally people opinions vary of its theme, is different from foreign scholars to come from Freud's psychoanalysis research works. This article explores the rapid development of industrial civilization and material civilization of human alienation mainly from the character relationship, especially the perspective of family ethics relationship. From people with others and self, social aspects to further explore the deep-seated reasons for the performance of the alienation and alienation. So-called the development of material civilization repressive shackles of man's natural character expose the evils of modern civilization and ugly, this is the author's own morality, calling for the natural humanity's return to our today's construction of a harmonious society, establish the moral evaluation scale has an important significance.Key words:The relationship between mother and son ,alienation, ethical绪论:整个西方自从二战以后面临着巨大的挑战,社会经济结构巨变。

英文论文关于(儿子与情人 )sons and lovers

英文论文关于(儿子与情人 )sons and lovers

The Interpretation of the flowers in Sons and Lovers左AbstractSons and Lovers, written by DH Lawrence, is an earlier works that reflects both penetrating social problem and psychological problem. The theme of the novel is Paul Morel's relationship with his mother and her influence upon his development. This paper will talk about the symbol meanings of the flowers. In this novel, different flowers symbolize the three main different women, and reveal their human qualities, such as white lily symbolizes the pure mother's love; white roses and narcissi imply Miriam's pure spirit, whereas Miriam's intimacy to the flowers indicates that her tendency of possessing objects including Paul's soul; The crimson flowers refer to the passion of Clara. Here, the paper studies the relationship between flowers and main characters, showing that analyzing the meaning of the flowers is important to help us have a better understanding of the theme in the novel.Key words: flowers, relationship, characterIntroductionLawrence's novels are always full of vivid descriptions of natural environment to show that human beings need to live in a healthy and natural world. Also the natural objects such as trees, flowers, the moon and evenings imply symbolic meanings to make the novel significant. To understand the novel better, this paper tries to use a Semiotics approach to interpret the main symbols, so as to reveal the theme of the novel.In Classics of Semiotics edited by Martin Krampen, Semiotics is thus defined: As a science of sign processes, semiotics investigates all types of communication and information exchange among human beings, animals, plants, internal systems of organisms. Thus it encompasses most of the subject areas of the arts and the social science, as well as those of biology and medicine. According to this theory, there should be some certain connections between the different flower symbols and thethree different kinds of women characters.Chapter one: The Flowers Related to Mrs. Morel Everything Paul does is for his mother. As it is, the flowers he picked can prove us that his mother is his only intimate and his only confidant. We can see this unnatural love at any occasion in the novel:Then Paul fished out a little spray. He always brought her one spray, the best he could find. (63)"Here's a bit of new-mown hay," he said; then, again, he brought her forget-me-nots. And, again, his heart hurt with love, seeing her hand, used with work, holding the little bunch of flowers he gave her. She was perfectly happy." (114)When Paul takes his mother to Lincoln, She was bright and enthusiastic as ever, but as he sat opposite her in the railway carriage, she seemed to look frail. He had a momentary sensation as if she were sleeping away from him. Then he wanted to get hold of her, to fasten, almost to chain her. He felt he must keep hold of her with his hand. And later he bought her some blue violets. (222)We know that the mother's love to the son is abnormal, but they are not aware of it. And even this feeling grows unconsciously just like the scyllas flowers growing quietly when Mrs. Morel doesn't know:Under the fence, in a little bed, was a ravel of poor grassy leaves, such as come from very immature bulbs, and three scyllas in bloom. Mrs. Morel pointed to the deep blue flowers."Now, just see those!" she exclaimed. "I was looking at the currant bushes, when, thinks I to myself, `There's something very blue; is it a bit of sugar-bag?' and there, behold you! Sugar-bag! Three glories of the snow, and such beauties! But where on earth did they come from?" (152)The white flowers are often related to Mrs. More to express her spiritual features. Let us examine the passage with which the first chapter of Sons and Lovers ends-where Mrs. Morel, pregnant with Paul, wanders deliriously in the garden, shut out of the house by Morel in his drunkenness. In the garden, she stands cold andisolated from the world, with great anguish, feeling the mystery of the nature and sensing the child within her womb:Mrs. Morel leaned on the garden gate, looking out, and she lost herself awhile. She did not know what she thought. Except for a slight feeling of sickness, and her consciousness in the child, herself melted out like scent into the shiny, pale air. After a time the child too, melted with her in the mixing-pot of moonlight, and she rested with the hills and lilies and houses, all swum together in a kind of swoon. (22)After getting back in the house, the moment she notices that her face is smeared with the yellow dust of the lilies, she gets relieved, thinking the overpowering scent of the lilies and strange cold light of the moon. It is such a mystical moment that she finds peace in the sensation of her unborn child. This scene is the first indication of a special bond between the mother and the son.Although it is very ordinary, sunflower in the novel is a symbol, too. It symbolizes the shelter that Paul seeks for. Wherever Paul goes, whatever he meets, he always seeks consolation from his mother, and his mother thinks so. We can see it from the following scenes:There was a lovely yellow ravel of sunflowers in the garden. She looked out of the window. "There are my sunflowers!" she said. (352)She sat propped in her chair, smiling, and so pretty. The gold wedding,ring shone on her white hand; Her hair was carefully brushed. And she watched the tangled sunflowers dying, the chrysanthemums coming out, and the dahlias. Paul and she were afraid of each other. He knew, and she knew, that she was dying. (357)When Mrs. Morel is alive, the sunflower is flourishing, and when she is dying, the sunflowers are dying.CHAPTER 2 :The Flowers Related to Miriam Miriam loves flowers, but her love is unnatural. She "caress it with her mouth and cheeks and brow" (201). To her, "flowers appeared with such strength she felt she must make them part of herself" (160). The description of Miriam's love to the flowers indicates two aspects: 1. It is not appreciation of nature, but a sense ofpossession. 2. A sense of religion. For her, "she was cut off from ordinary life by her religious intensity which made the world for her either a nunnery garden or a paradise, where sin or else are ugly, cruel thing" (138). As a result, the love between Paul and her is doomed to be a failure. We can see this view from the following.Paul passed along a fine row of sweet-peas, gathering a blossom here and there, all cream and pale blue. Miriam followed, breathing the fragrance. To her, flowers appealed with such strength she felt she must make them part of herself. When she bent and breathed a flower, it was, as if she and the flowers were loving each other. Paul hated her for it. There seemed a sort of exposure about the action, something too intimate. (160-1)Miriam loves the flowers in a very intimate way; she always embraces and breathes the flowers, as if they loved each other. It seems that she wants to possess them. Just as Paul said that she wants to “suck them”, it also shows Miriam's unusual love to things including Paul. The narration of Miriam always connects with white roses and Christian figures to show her pure spirit and religious emotions. However, all these behaviors make Paul feel annoyed, believing that she wanted the soul out of his body, and not him. “She wanted to draw all of him into her.” (179)Lawrence uses flowers to objectify the considerably milder sexual attraction of Miriam. In chapter VII:The place was decorated for Easter. In the front hundreds of white narcissi seemed to be growing. The air was dim and thrilled with a subtle scent of lilies and narcissi. In that atmosphere Miriam's soul came into a glow…Miriam turned to him. Her soul expanded into prayer beside him. He felt the strange fascination of shadowy religious places. All his latent mysticism quivered into life. She was drawn to him. He was a prayer along with her. (155)Lilies and narcissi in the scene indicate both Miriam’s virgin and her pure soul. And sex-consciousness always fills her with shame. But Paul is so attractive to her, so she would rather sacrifice herself to get the soul of him.In the book, I believe Miriam may be the most miserable figure. While she has no idea what the religion has influenced her, she fails to get Paul, no matter how hard shetries.Chapter three: The Flowers Related to ClaraClara is a woman different from Mrs. Morel and Miriam. If we say the latter are spiritual, the former is passionate.In the novel, being the symbol of passion, she is always connected with crimson. This is the first time that Paul meets Clara in formal occasion. The crimson nasturtiums that come out from the cool green shadow of their leaves predict the coming of Clara. What is more, it also gives hints that Paul will seek a sort of fire in passion. Here is the scene in which Paul picks flowers with Miriam and Clara:She was kneeling, bending forward still to smell the flowers. Her neck gave him a sharp pang, such a beautiful thing, yet not proud of itself just now. Her breasts swung slightly in her blouse. The arching curve of her back was beautiful and strong; she wore no stays. Suddenly, without knowing, he was scattering a handful of cowslips over her hair and neck, saying: "Ashes to ashes, and dust to dust, If the Lord won't have you the devil must." The chill flowers fell on her neck. She looked up at him, with almost pitiful, scared grey eyes, wondering what he was doing. Flowers fell on her face, and she shut her eyes. (220)The flowers in the novel stand for the Clara’s charm without doubt. And Paul is drawn into it completely.When Paul and Clara went out, "He bought her a bunch of scarlet, brick-red carnations. She put them in her coat, flushing. (284)When she arose, he, looking on the ground all the time, saw suddenly sprinkled on the black wet beech-roots many scarlet carnation petals, like splashed drops of blood; and red, small splashes fell from her bosom, streaming down her dress to her feet. (289)Paul and Clara are enjoying the joys. Clara gets aware that she is a woman again, feeling proud and content, and she begins to ask for more. She not only demands the combination of the fleshy body, but also eager to the communication of spirit. When Paul gives her a bunch of crimson carnation, thinking the color is fit her most, and tallies with her fervent personality, Clara says: "I'd rather have had something softer"(284). It indicates that she longs for spiritual communication besides passion. Although Paul hopes the harmony of reason and emotion, he ignores Clara's demand, thinking she is too shallow to hold him, and to understand him like Miriam.In all, Clara's indiscretion makes their first intimacy easy for Paul, despite the hazards. However, they only are able to have sexual connection rather than spiritual words. An old lady in the novel once presents Clara with "three tiny dahlias in full blow, neat as bees, and speckled scarlet and white" (291). And it is clear that their getting together is made "because we were jolly."ConclusionAs a writer, Lawrence has a great influence on Modern English literature, for he saw the empty soul of the flourishing society. The sons and loves is one of the great novels, and it is rich of all kinds of flowers between the lines, which, to some extent, is important for readers to understand the characters and the themes. After all, the symbolic interpretation of the main objects described many times in the novel has great benefits, and we should learn the flowers seriously in the future research of the sons and lovers.Works citedNeil Champion. D. H. Lawrence: Life & Works. Hove: Wayland Publications, 1989. Nigel Messenger, How to Study a D. H. Lawrence Novel.New York: Macmillan Publications, 1989.Martin Krampen and Klaus Oehler. Classics of Semiotics. New York: Plenum Publications, 1987.Terry Eagleton. Literary Theory: An introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwe11, 1983. Gamini Salgado. D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers. Houndmills: Macmillan, 1969. Dennis Jackson and Fleda Brown Jacson. “Critical Essays on D. wrence”G.K.H: Massachusetts, 1988.D. H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers(Beijing: China International Business and Economics Press, 2000)Robert Scholes. Semiotics and Interpretation. Haven: Yale University Press, 1982 Chen Zhi'an and Liu Jiarong. New Horizons in Language and Semiotics in China (Sichuan: Chengdu, 1999).Denny Jackson and Fleda Brown Jacson. Critical Essays on D. H. Lawrence (G.K.H: Massachusetts, 1988).。

儿子与情人论文

儿子与情人论文

试析《儿子与情人》中莫瑞尔太太的性格及其成1. 介绍大卫•赫伯特•劳伦斯(1885 - 1930)是一个站在二十世纪英国小说家,称为“一个最大的个性在英国历史”。

他出生在伊斯特伍德,Norttinghamshire,在英格兰中部。

他的第四个孩子一个苦苦挣扎的矿工。

和他的童年是由贫穷和摩擦他的父母。

1913年劳伦斯的小说《儿子与情人》受到了惩罚,这是一个quasi-autobiographical讲述了一个年轻人的锥形的年龄在20世纪初期。

设置在工人阶级在诺丁汉郡,它侧重于阶级冲突和性别问题作为年轻的保罗•莫雷尔是一个充满激情的母亲之间左右为难和其他女人。

和《儿子与情人》只是小说使劳伦斯是著名的英国文学中。

恋母情结是一个敏感的话题,在文学世界的研究并不多,弗洛伊德也缺乏明确的证据,形成了他。

在20世纪,《儿子与情人》的工作引起了巨大的轰动,文学世界,人们把他们的注意力转向恋母情结。

大多数人都认为,这是一个强有力的证据弗洛伊德的theory-Mother固定。

在《儿子与情人》的工作,格特鲁德•莫雷尔太太,母亲是一个女人的坚强的性格和细化。

她的丈夫是一个矿工大量饮酒的人,他是不负责任的,往往会导致可怕的争吵的家庭。

保罗•莫雷尔成长在一个如此悲惨的设置。

她的母亲对他的爱和慷慨的决心使他在煤矿的影子。

但当他在爱与米黎亚,莫雷尔太太很担心她会失去他,所以她尽量他们之间来。

最后,两个恋人互相离婚。

第二个附件,克拉拉,逐渐失败了,也很清楚,两个失败引起的占有欲的母亲来说,这不仅是直到母亲过世的儿子,开始认真找对真爱。

它是伟大的自传小说上世纪它是爱到广泛的在世界。

尽管劳伦斯对此予以否认,他的家庭背景是如此喜欢戏剧性的角色保罗的。

他在爱妻子的一个教授;三个孩子的女人是6岁的劳伦斯弥补了失去了他的母亲。

来自劳伦斯和他的作品《儿子与情人》我们应该学习的。

2. 莫雷尔太太的特征无助在19世纪的英国,人们被分成三个阶层。

他们是上层阶级、中产阶级和下层阶级。

儿子与情人论文

儿子与情人论文

Sons and Lovers----By D.H. Lawrence David Herbert Lawrence(1885-1930), the author of Sons and Lovers,was born in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, England. Young Lawrence attended Beauvale Board School (now renamed Greasley Beauvale D. H. Lawrence Infant School in his honor) from 1891 until 1898, becoming the first local pupil to win a County Council scholarship to Nottingham High School in nearby Nottingham. He left in 1901, working for three months as a junior clerk at Haywood's surgical appliances factory before a severe bout of pneumonia ended this career. During his early years he was working on poems, short stories and novels. At the end of 1907 he won a short story competition in the Nottingham Guardian, the first time that he had gained any wider recognition for his literary talents.Lawrence’s works are usually focus on the beauty of sensual sense, which is not accepted by the main stream and many of his works are said to be dirty books and banned for decades of years. It was not until 1960 that the i mportance of his works were fully recognized. Lawrence’s The White Peacock brought him his first success. And in the following years the productive writer published his most popular works Sons and Lovers,which is considered to be an autobiographical novel of his own life experience. After that, The Rainbow(1915), Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious(1921), The Plumed Serpent(1926) and Lady Chatterley’s Lover in 1928, which is the most controversial novel in the twentith century. It was not untill the year 1960 that Lawrance get what he deserves as a master in literature.The book Sons and Lovers tells us the life of Paul and family, and tells us Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis “Oedipus complex” through the description “love” between Paul and his mother.The life of the Morel family is unhappy, tense, and uneasy. The Morels live in a mining town in the countryside. Walter Morel is a miner, and he and his wife, Gertrude, have two children, William and Annie, and are expecting their third child. When their third child, Paul, is born, Mrs. Morel does not really want the new baby. She hates that she has to stay home with the children while her husband gets to go out and enjoy himself with alcohol. After the birth of their fourth child, Arthur, the Morel family is complete.Mrs. Morel transfers her affections from her husband to her first son, William, who is intelligent and active. Also William wins awards and does well in school. It is not difficult at all for him to find a good job after he leaves school . When William goes to London for a job, Mrs. Morel is devastated. William comes home, bringing with him his fiancee, a young lady who treats the Morels like servants. Having spent too much time at work and with his fiancee, William catches pneumonia and dies. After William's death, Mrs. Morel turns her love and attention to Paul.Paul, always sensitive and emotional, gets a job at Thomas Jordan's, a surgical applicances factory and begins a friendship with Miriam Leivers. Mrs. Morel does not like Miriam because in her view Miriam takes all of Paul's energy, desire, and feelings with nothing left of him for her. Miriam introduces Paul to Clara Dawes, whose mother is friendly with Mrs. Leivers and who is separated from her husband, Baxter Dawes.After Paul and Miriam have sex, he decides that they are not good for each other, and breaks off their relationship, which makes Miriam in much anger and bitterness. Paul heads into an intensely sexual relationship with Clara. Miriam is jealous that the Morels have accepted Clara as Paul's lover when they have not liked her at all. Paul and Clara share a passionate, sexual relationship. As much as Paul thinks that he is happy, his mother believes otherwise; she knows in her heart that Clara will tire her son out.Baxter Dawes and Paul have a fight; the fight leaves Paul in great pain and a great dislike for Clara's husband. Although both men severely hate each other, they feel connected to each other.Mrs. Morel falls gravely ill because of a tumor. The doctor who tends to her tells Paul that Dawes is in the hospital for his fever. Paul calls on Dawes in the hospital and the two men somewhat reconcile. When Paul tells Clara that Dawes is ill, Clara unexpectedly declares that her husband had treated her with more respect and had loved her more than Paul ever did. Clara returns to Dawes.Meanwhile, Mrs. Morel grows weaker. Knowing that she is prolonging her death to live for Paul, Paul and Annie fear that she will live longer than she can emotionally survive. Paul and Annie can not stand to see their beloved mother live in such pain that they give her an extra dosage of morphine. Mrs. Morel dies.Paul goes to see Miriam. They ponder getting married, but Paul confesses that he has no desire nor any intention of marrying her. Miriam decides to wait as long as it takes for him to come to her. Paul returns home, thinking about the bond he shares with his mother. Their love is still alive in him, even though she has died.As a son of a miner’s himself, we can feel t he pain he suffers in his early years from his family and his several unsuccessful love with women in his later life period. It is really a miracle that, as a man who has not got much knowledge from the school he should be able to creat so many masterpieces for us. I also admire his courage to write the kind of book as Sons and Lovers, Lady Chatterley’s Lover and his struggling to get these books published.指导老师:黄邦福代凤亮:0841051001。

汉语言文学论文 浅析《儿子与情人》的女性悲剧

汉语言文学论文 浅析《儿子与情人》的女性悲剧

前言英国作家劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》是一部极富自传色彩的著作,主要描写的是主人公保罗的个人成长经历,但它仍以鲜明的人物形象,深刻的文艺主题倍受文学评论者的关注。

在这部小说中,作者以细腻的笔触刻画了一系列真实生动的女性形象:莫瑞尔太太,米丽安,克莱拉等。

当时英国正处于社会大变革时期,农村自然经济濒于解体,资产阶级对工人的压榨也愈发加剧,人的自然性被现代工业文明逐渐的异化,现代人越来越沦为机械的附庸,煤矿工人沃尔特.莫瑞尔就是其中一员。

男权社会中的男性中心意识也深深影响着人们,同时,女权主义运动刚刚兴起,女性意识逐渐觉醒,小说中的三位主要女性,莫瑞尔太太,米丽安,克莱拉,就生活在这一环境下,她们都为自己的生活而努力奋斗,但最终都没能逃脱她们的悲剧性命运。

一从女性主体意识的觉醒中看女性悲剧命运女人是社会的重要组成部分,女性与男性一样在推动社会发展中起着巨大的作用。

但是长期以来,男尊女卑的观念深深影响着人们,女性处于受压迫的地位,是男性的附属品,长期以来形成的社会观念,社会制度束缚着女性,这促使女性自觉或不自觉的进行各种形式的反抗和斗争,以企图改变这种不合理的社会现象。

直到19世纪末,资本主义工业文明迅速发展,女性逐渐走向社会,女性意识觉醒。

小说中的莫瑞尔太太就是其中的一位,她出身中产阶级,受过良好的教育,她与莫瑞尔是在一次圣诞舞会上认识的,出身底层的莫瑞尔身上不加雕饰的自然美吸引了她,在婚后六个月的幸福生活后,紧接而来的是生活的压力,由于俩人受教育程度的差异,他们根本没有精神的交流,于是,精神上的抑郁,生活上的压迫,让莫瑞尔太太少女时期的梦彻底破灭了。

两人阶级的不同,也导致了他们价值观的不同,冲突是无可避免的。

莫瑞尔太太性格孤傲,倔强,是一个有抱负的新时代女性,但是维多利亚时期遗留下来的男权意识仍然影响着人们,乃至控制了整个社会,“在观念领域里,性格的社会差异表现为社会已经建构起并不断再生产着一系列男强女弱,男主外女主内以及女性应当从属于男性的两性关系的价值观念和意识形态,形成了一整套表达性别差异的象征和符号。

劳伦斯《儿子与情人》 文献综述

劳伦斯《儿子与情人》 文献综述

论《儿子与情人》中男主人公保罗的悲剧文献综述专业: 班级:姓名: 指导老师:摘要:本文客观、公正地综合整理了国内外关于英国二十世纪作家戴·赫·劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》中关于保罗的悲剧的相关研究资料,对小说中造成保罗悲剧的各种因素进行整理,试图从社会、家庭、个人三个方面归纳当前国内外关于《儿子与情人》中保罗的悲剧产生的原因研究的价值和不足之处,并指出继续研究的意义和价值。

关键词:《儿子与情人》;保尔;悲剧;研究《儿子与情人》是英国作家戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯(1885—1930)的重要代表作之一。

这部小说自1913年问世以来,就以其坦率、大胆的描写,深刻的心理分析吸引着千万读者,大受读者喜爱。

《儿子与情人》是劳伦斯的半自传体小说,正是劳伦斯的亲身经历使劳伦斯对人物的心理分析得淋漓尽致,给人以真实感。

《儿子与情人》通过对保罗的悲剧的描写,批判了工业文明对人的精神的压迫,对人性和家庭关系的扭曲。

保罗的悲剧是《儿子与情人》是小说的一个重要主题,保罗的悲剧是那个时代无数英国青年的缩影,是时代的悲剧。

而保尔的悲剧是多种因素导致的。

而这也是国内外作家对《儿子与情人》研究分析的一个重要方向,对于理解整部小说有极大的意义。

笔者主要通过阅读《儿子与情人》中英文版和译本,以及在网络(主要是中国知网),书籍,报刊上查找了将近80篇相关研究评论,根据自己对这一论文的想法对这些文章加以筛选,选出了12篇有直接参考价值的论文进行研读。

一、国外研究现状劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》是西方文学史上最具争议的小说之一。

西方文学界对《儿子与情人》的态度褒贬不一,有些批评家甚至公开批评劳伦斯及其作品。

英国女作家艾略特曾说过:“《儿子与情人》的出版标志着一种人类堕落的逐步深化过程。

”T·S·艾略特遗责他在感情上是个异教徒, “呆头呆脑的歌唱赞美诗的虔信主义”或腐败的新教徒教义的产物。

但是,也有很多西方学者很欣赏劳伦斯的作品,特别是《儿子与情人》。

儿子与情人家庭爱情与自我认同的纠结

儿子与情人家庭爱情与自我认同的纠结

儿子与情人家庭爱情与自我认同的纠结儿子与情人:家庭爱情与自我认同的纠结呼吸进了一天忙碌的空气,我踏进家门的那一刻,感受到别样的静谧。

卧室里的灯光并不明亮,但却足以映衬出家里的平静与温暖。

我细声问道:“儿子,你在家吗?”这是一个温馨的家,里面有我深爱的妻子、可爱的女儿和正在成长的儿子。

然而,我与我的家庭之间始终存在着一个难题,那便是我与我的情人之间的关系。

我深知我的行为扎扎实实地冲击着家庭的稳定,可我又无法抗拒情人给我带来的力量和满足感。

作为一个成功的商人,我负有巨大的压力和责任,而情人则成为我脆弱时的精神寄托。

这是一个让我感到矛盾的世界。

儿子是我家庭中十分重要的一员,我希望他能够感受到嫉妒的情绪。

然而,不可避免的是,孩子终究是能看到家庭中的问题。

他开始变得沉默寡言,似乎对家庭并不感到快乐,他的表情逐渐失去了往日的光彩。

我深深地感到羞愧,因为我的自私正在让儿子失去了幸福的童年。

我开始担心儿子的情绪问题,于是我找了一个心理咨询师来帮助他。

在咨询师的指导下,儿子逐渐表达出他对我的失望和不满。

他认为我没有尽到做父亲的责任,经常不在家陪伴他,而是把大部分时间和精力投入到了工作和与情人的关系中。

儿子对我的指责让我痛心疾首,我深深意识到我的所作所为已经伤害到了孩子的心灵。

我深爱着我的家庭,却又控制不住与情人之间的纠缠。

在那一刻,我决定要改变。

我首先找到了我的妻子,坦诚地向她道歉。

我告诉她,我的心中想要挽回我们家庭的完整和幸福,我愿意尽一切努力来修复我们之间的关系。

妻子流露出了既失望又希望的表情,她答应给我一次机会,但也警告我这将是我们最后一次处理这个问题的机会。

为了更好地与儿子沟通,我特意调整了工作时间,并尽量在家陪伴他。

我陪他玩游戏、听他讲学校里发生的趣事,尽我所能去建立父子之间的默契。

这些改变不是一蹴而就的,但我深信只要我坚持下去,我们的关系会有所改善。

在我和儿子的沟通过程中,我也不断反思自己对情人的依赖和寄托。

英语专业毕业论文—《儿子与情人》的主题分析

英语专业毕业论文—《儿子与情人》的主题分析

毕业论文题目 On the Theme of Sons and Lovers 院系外国语学院专业英语年级 2008级学生姓名学号指导教师On the Theme of Sons and Lovers论《儿子与情人》的主题学生指导教师摘要:《儿子与情人》是劳伦斯早期作品中最著名的一部,也是他的成名作。

尽管此书曾遭受过被禁的厄运,但在其解禁至今的几十年内引起了读者的关注,并获得了文学上的肯定。

书中,劳伦斯逼真地再现了20世纪初英国矿工家庭的生活,并揭示了在工业文明的影响下,人们为争取更高的经济和社会地位所付出的惨痛代价。

小说以主人公保罗的家庭本身及自己的情感生活为中心,着重描写了人物内心强烈深沉的情感,以及人与人之间在那个社会环境下不能自已的爱恨情仇。

本论文试图从莫瑞儿一家的不幸生活来对《儿子与情人》的主题进行较为详细深刻的分析,比如:夫妻失和导致莫瑞尔太太的情感转移;一直引以为傲的大儿子的死带给母亲的巨大打击;保罗接替威廉成为莫瑞尔太太生命的全部;由于母亲从小对儿子们倾注所有,并在其思想上有一定的控制,因此导致儿子们无法拥有一段正常的,成功的恋爱生活等等。

而这一系列情感悲剧的真实根源来自于工业文明下诸多的社会问题以及不和谐的人际关系,这也同样是本文的最终主题。

关键词:劳伦斯;《儿子与情人》;畸形母爱;恋母情结;工业文明ABSTRACTSons and Lovers is the one of the most significant works of David Herbert Lawrence as well as his first big success. Although this book once suffered being prohibited, it drew readers' attentions and gained recognitions in literature rapid ly in a few decades after being rescind the prohibition. In this book, Lawrence realistically reproduces a British miner's family life in the twentieth century with realistic technique, and exposes that in order to strive for higher economic and social sta tus, people needs to pay a heavy price under the influence of industrial civilization. The novel mainly depicts the deep and intense emotion in people's inner world, and focuses on the love and hatred between people which they cannot control under that social circumstance, with the protagonist's family itself and his love life as its center. Therefore, this thesis attempts to analyze the theme of Sons and Lovers in detail from the Morels' misfortunes, such as the failed marriage results in Mrs Morel's shift in sentiment; the death of William who is always the hope of his mother brings about a huge blow to Mrs. Morel; Paul becomes the whole of his mother's life instead of William; Mrs.Morel's devotions to her sons and controls of their minds result that they fail to possess normal and successful love lives and so on. While, the roots of the series of tragedies are the social problems and disharmonious relations brought about by the industrial civilization , which is also the theme of Sons and Lovers.Key W ords: wrence; Sons and Lovers; deformed Love; Oedipus complex; industrial civilizationContentsIntroduction (1)Part I A Failure in Marriage (4)1.1 Mrs. Morel's Dream of Marriage (4)1.2 A Marriage of Love and Hatred (4)1.3 Mrs Morel's Changed Attitude to Her Husband (5)Part II Mrs Morel, William and His Girl Friend (7)2.1 William's Social Success (7)2.2 William and His Girl Friend (7)2.3 Mrs. Morel's View of William's Death (8)Part III Mrs. Morel, Paul and Miriam (10)3.1 Mrs. Morel's Expectation of Paul (10)3.2 Miriam's Influence on Paul (11)3.3 Mrs. Morel's Dislike of Miriam (12)Conclusion (14)Bibliography (16)Acknowledgments (17)四川大学锦江学院本科毕业论文论《儿子与情人》的主题IntroductionDavid Herbert Lawrence is one of the most unique and controversial English writer s in the twentieth century, whose masterpieces are Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, Women in Love, and Lady Chatterley's Lovers. He was born in a miner family without notable reputation and high diploma. What makes him so distinctive is his talent. His creations are deeply influenced by family background and Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis, which result in the fact that his works are mostly exploring family, marriage and sex. What is more, Lawrence’s bold descriptions of sex in his books once triggered off a tremendous splash and were forbidden for a long time. Therefore, he complained that nobody could understand his writings in three hundred years (wrence). For Lawrence, he insisted that the fade of sex led to spiritual barrenness and un-civilization of English, and Britain would not come back to life until letting sex return to its natural condition (毕冰宾). After the prohibition against his works was rescinded, he soon became popular and welcomed by general public.Sons and Lovers is one of Lawrence's most important novels, which is regarded as an autobiographical novel and breaks the writing conventions of the former writers. He depicts the protagonists' complicated inner world from his special view, lyrical style, vivid details, and bold idea s. It is not only a novel presenting the author's real life, revealing the ugliest aspect s of society in nineteenth and twentieth centuries, of all round dirty mines and miners' miserable conditions, but also exposing various contradictions and problems arising with the development of capitalistic industrial civilization, of distorted human relationships and negative physical and mental influence on human beings (张文静). Therefore, this novel is a masterwork in English literary history and world literature that is worth exploring.Some scholars focus on Mrs. Morel's deformed love for Paul. Mrs. Morel is a well-educated woman from a middle class family, so her marriage with Mr. Morel – a miner with coarse speech and bad temper –dooms to be a failure. After her disappointment of her husband and desperation of her marriage, Mrs. Morel devotes1all her love to her children. Therefore, Paul becomes her only hope and emotional trust after William's death. She not only continuously encourages and supervises Paul to edge into the middle classes and polite society, but also controls him in spirit and interferes with his courtship. Because in her eyes that Paul is her lover, and is part and parcel of her life, which satisfies her emotional need of not just being a mother, but also a wife and a woman. However, both of them are suffering from this kind of possessive love (甄桂英;尹树文;杨琳).Some scholars focus on Paul's Oedipus complex. As a psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, Oedipal Complex means a boy's desire to possess his mother sexually and oppose to his father in an unconscious way. Oedipus Complex derives from a Greek mythology in the fifth century B. C.. It tells that the king of Thebes, Oedipus, unwittingly kills his father and marries his mother, then brings disaster on his city and family (Oedipus). While, in Sons and Lovers, it mainly depicts the lingering feeling of love between the mother and the son. Paul’s emotional attachment to his mother is generally regarded as Oedipus complex. Mrs. Morel's control of Paul's soul and feelings, and her abnormal mother love accepted by Paul result in that he is largely dependent on his mother. On one hand, he is a boy who is sensitive to mother's troubles and likes staying even sleeping with her. He is also full of responsibility to her. Because of this, he often curses his father to die. On the other hand, he indulges in the Oedipus complex too deep to get rid of his mother's fatal influences when he dates with his girl friend. And he cannot really fall in love with anyone. Therefore, he gradually realizes that he is unable to get married only if his mother is alive (刘国英;李晋瑜;程明静, 卓杨;王毅).Some scholars focus on the root of family tragedy of the industrial civilization. The early twentieth century of Britain was a period of industrial revolutio n. At that time, the majority of people were happy for the huge profits and economy growth. D.H. Lawrence, however, realized the destructiveness. He believed that industrial civilization improved the human beings' material civilization, but at the same time seriously destroyed the original harmonious relation between people,suppressed the human nature, ruined the person's physical and mental health. In Sons and Lovers, allkinds of distorted human relationships are resulted from those unharmonious elements of modern civilization. And a series of tragedies are produced like the "domino effect". The industrial civilization puts Mr. Morel, a miner, in a tough living conditions. Under the great pressure of life, his marriage is at risk. Facing the massive differences between the before-marriage and the after-marriage, as well as the ideal and the reality, Mrs. Morel estranges her husband but gets close to her sons, which leads to excessive intimate mother-child relationships. Then the intricate family ties deprive the sons of abilities to fall in love with other girls normally. Therefore, the tragedy of last generation extends to the next generation. That's why we can say industrial civilization is the evil root (刘国英;张文静;武瑞).In my opinion, the theme of Sons and Lovers is involved in the abnormal interrelationships and their main causes.Part I A Failure in Marriage1.1 Mrs. Morel's Dream of MarriageMrs. Morel is a well-educated lady with pious faith. In a Christmas ball, she falls in love with the handsome and humorous Walter Morel, and then they get married. Because of different family and educational backgrounds, they are also different in outlook on life (覃艳容)."Mrs. Morel came of a good old burgher family, famous independentswho had fought with Colonel Hutchinson, and who remained scoutCongregationalist...Gertrude resembled her mother in a small build. Buther temper, proud and unyielding, she had from the Coppards "(Lawrence6).What's more, Mrs. Morel's ideal type husband should like her father who is a cultured gentleman with masculinity and belief. "Her father was to her the type of all men "(Lawrence 8). Therefore, she is fascinated when she meets the "well set-up, erect, and very smart"(Lawrence 7). Walter Morel. And she expects to marry a miner who is full of charm and vigor, with independent economy, own house and bank savings. But at the seventh month after marriage, she finds that her husband is a poor and indebted man. This accidental discovery shatters her dream (覃艳容).1.2 A Marriage of Love and HatredIt seems that the marriage between Mr. Morel and Mrs Morel is a tragedy, because both of them are suffering from it. On one hand, Mrs. Morel is disappointed with her husband who reconciles to ordinary life, wallows in enjoying life and makes no efforts to improve the living conditions and gain respects. She also hates him for drinking heavily, and being rude to her as well as the children."The pity was, she was too much his opposite. She could not be contentwith the little he might be; she would have him the much that he ought tobe. So, in seeking to make him nobler than he could be, she destroyedhim"(Lawrence 12).On the other hand, Mr. Morel can't withstand the request, arrogance and aggressiveness of his wife. He is just an ordinary miner who wants to live freely without too much luxury."She fought to make him undertake his responsibilities, to make himfulfill his obligations. But he was too different from her. His nature waspurely sensuous, and she strove to make him moral, religious. She tried toforce him to face things. He could not endure it-it drove him out of hismind"(Lawrence 11).However, we can still find couple's warmth and affection between them. For example, she defends for him before neighbors; she feels silly after quarreling with him for cutting William's hair; she experiences warmth and peace on the bed hearing the sound he made in the garden; she wants a kiss from him when she is giving birth; she still speaks highly of his nice figure even he is already a middle-aged man; she is so grieved for his illness."...she was almost a fanatic with him, because she loved him, or had loved him"(Lawrence 12). As for Mr. Morel, he is attracted by his wife all the time. Most times, he is afraid of her, and follows her directions. He feels sorry for scolding and beating her, sympathizes with her laborious business."During his illness his wife had spoilt him a little. Now he wanted her tocontinue. He often put his band to his head, pulled down the comers ofhis mouth, and shamed pains he did not feel"(Lawrence 32).For theses reasons, there are not only fights and contradictions, but also pleasant memories in this relationship. And just because love and hatred both exist in the marriage, their emotions are complex and agonizing.1.3 Mrs Morel's Changed Attitude to Her HusbandAfter marriage, the cruel reality shatters Mrs. Morel's dream as a young girl. She maintains the essential family living and raises her children up in a dreadful condition. At the same time, Mr. Morel is not a gentle and thoughtful man any more.With heavy manual work and burden of family life, he begins to drink heavily, be rude and unreasonable, and vents his anger on his wife and children. This triggers of a discordant and hostile relationship. Mrs. Morel gradually changes her attitudes to her husband along with the birth of children and the broken love.The first time she starts to change her attitude is that she sees through her husband's lies and knows what they live in now is a rented house. "She said very little to her husband, but her manner had changed towards him. Something in her proud, honorable soul had crystallized out hard as rock" (Lawrence 10). She is extremely lonely and sad for the disillusioned dream. So she despises her husband, and turns from him to the child. She cares very little that he does. Only, she scathes him with her satire on his return . And then they become emotionally estranged from each other.With the birth of their second child, Mrs. Morel doesn't crate trouble for herself by not fighting with him like before and not thinking of his hateful behaviors. Therefore, "there was a state of peace in the house for some time. Mrs. Morel was more tolerate of him, … Neither knew that she was more tolerate because she loved him less"(Lawrence 32). At this moment, Mrs. Morel's calm attitude is not yielding to her husband or marriage, but giving up, because love is ebbing in an unspectacular way.The last change is the end of their love and marriage. Mrs. Morel no longer spends time in arguing uselessly with him. She shows him completely indifference and unconcern which drives out him from her world, then devotes to two sons with her life. As one proverb says that the opposite of love is not hatred, but unconcern. This time, Mr. Morel has a feeling of being abandoned, and realizes that "it was really over between them"(Lawrence 33).Part II Mrs Morel, William and His Girl Friend2.1 William's Social SuccessWilliam is the eldest son in the Morel family who is brilliant and excellent. He is always the proud of his parents from childhood, and gains social success by tirelessly pursuing his ideal life. At the age of thirteen, he begins his first job. Then he becomes one of the best stenographers and bookkeepers. In his nineteen, he gets a job in Nottingham for thirty shillings a week which is admired by neighbors,but he still studies till very late. Finally he finds a job in London with one hundred and twenty pounds per year which is a huge amount of income."In London he found that he could associate with men far above hisBestwood friends in station...so he began to fancy himself as a great gun.He was, indeed, rather supervised at the ease with which he became agentleman"(Lawrence 63).Although his living environment is rather poor, and family is unhappy, he enters into the gentry class all the same by his own. He can make friends everywhere for his extroverted character, and challenge authority for his sense of justice. He can do all the things that men do-the decent things (Lawrence 37). What's more, he can give dual attention on enjoyment and learning. All of these contribute to his social success.2.2 William and His Girl FriendWilliam is deeply loved by Mrs. Morel for his excellence, and wants to get rid of the trammel of motherly love. So the courtship becomes the only way to save him. He begins to pursue a Gypsy girl, Lily, who is beautiful in appearance but simple in mind, and is even engaged with her despite his mother's opposition. William should be happy at this moment, but he feels a strong sense of complications and contradictions in the love between his girl friend and him.On one hand, William is always accompanied by his mother and influenced by her complicated character, arrogance and stubbornness. In addition to that he reads alot of books, and he looks down upon the foolishness and decadence of the upper class. Lily understands nothing except for amorism and following fashion. "But often he got irritable. She had brought, for an eight-days' stay, five dresses and six blouses".(Lawrence 91) So William has a deep aversion to his fiancée with the expectation of a kindred spirit, not a noisy lover who just regards him as a machine to pay her bills. Besides, he never makes disguise of his disdain and scorn to Lily in front of his mother, and even digs at her to his mother's face. "Read a book! Why, she's never read a book in her life" (Lawrence 92). On the other hand, he inherits his father's emotional side which let him yearn for the ardent and passionate love life. He can't resist Lily's fantastic appearance and treats her tenderly (刘芳).Just because William fails to reach the balance between reason and emotion, the love between his girl friend and him is also contradictory and torturous. We can get this from the description of Lawrence."William was silent, and later he repented, kissed and comforted the girl.Y et it was true, what he had said. He hated her...All summer longWilliam's letters had a feverish tone; he seemed unnatural and intense.Sometimes he was exaggeratedly jolly, while usually he was flat andbitter in his letter"(Lawrence 94).2.3 Mrs. Morel's View of William's DeathMrs. Morel gives lives to her sons who also naturally become the spokesmen of her life. So she takes for granted that sons' successes are her triumph. It likes a guaranty that sons' lives are mortgaged to their mother for being taught and guided. Then William is accepted by London's upper class soon which brings comfort and honor to her mother who is struggling in adversity. However, fate always likes to push people into the abyss when he is full of hope. William's short life is gone with wind without blossoming. After his death, Mrs. Morel is in a trance. And her hopes come to naught."In the house she was the same-small, white, and mute. She noticednothing, she said nothing...then she relapsed into the same mute lookinginto space...Mrs. Morel could not be persuaded, after this, to talk and takeher old bright interest in life. She remained shut off"(Lawrence 97-99).Although she is extremely upset, she never realizes the real cause of her son's death. She just thinks that he dies from overwork. Because, she knows that he is a hard-working boy, "and she knew he sat up afterwards in his cold bedroom grinding away at Latin, because he intended to get on his office, and in the law as much as he could".(Lawrence 64) Even the whispered words he says when he is dying is about his work.In fact, it's Mrs. Morel's excessive demand of emotion and dominance that causes this tragedy. And she never knows that her aggressive interference and sentimental infiltration give rise to the departure. On the one hand, he has to bear his profligate fiancée in material, and doubts her loyalty of love in spirit; on the other hand, he must endure his mother's control and occupation of his mind. This kind of pressure from body and mental leads to his death (章学文).Part III Mrs. Morel, Paul and Miriam3.1 Mrs. Morel's Expectation of Paul"Paul was rather a delicate boy, subject to bronchitis. The others were all quiet strong, so this was another reason for his mother's difference in feeling for him"(Lawrence 46). Especially, after the death of William, Paul becomes the only hope of Mrs. Morel who gives him all her love. "In him was established her life now. After all, the life beyond offered very little to Mrs. Morel. She saw that our chance for doing is here, and doing counted with her"(Lawrence 158). In addition to that she has a certain degree of cultural cultivation, so she eagerly hopes that her son can gain higher economic and social status. She urges him to work hard, be free of mining areas, and encourages him to prefer niceness, such as flowers, sunset or some beautiful gadget (刘积源). Besides, Paul also turns into her target of venting the inner world's anguish. Every night, she waits for his coming, unburdens herself and tells him what occurs in the whole day. She has mind control on him to stop him from loving another people, which can make up for her regret of having a disappointing husband and unhappy marriage that only exist in name. Therefore, Paul is not just his mother's son but also a lover to satisfy her both in material and spirit. Mrs. Morel expects Paul to realize all her unfilled dreams.With regarded to Mrs. Morel's expectations, Paul gives her enthusiastic response. He is largely dependent on her and extremely sympathizes with her sufferings from childhood. As long as he stays with her, he is full of love and responsibility. "...he also could not bear to go home to his mother empty. That, he felt, would disappoint her, and he would have died rather" (Lawrence 48). For these reasons, he hates his father who is an incapable husband, irritable drunkard, and destroys the family's happiness. Sometimes, he even curses his father to die. His ambition is that living with he mother in a small house where is not far away from home after her father passing away. Mrs. Morel occupies the most important place in Paul's heart and is the one he really loves.3.2 Miriam's Influence on PaulMiriam is Paul's first love who is a beautiful girl with curly black hair. She is shy and sensitive with strong religious faith. Even the slightest vulgar behaviour is an agony for her. Although she defies men, Paul commands her respect with a brand new image and a little learning. She is fascinated by him. Hence, she wants to build up a genuine and platonic relationship with Paul.There are pure appearance and source of ideas what an artist needs upon Miriam. Paul is always eager to show her his every piece of work after getting it done on account of that she will speak highly of his works all the time, even sometimes they are unintentional. Meanwhile, he can acquire a lager imaginary space when he is discussing the works with her. And with Miriam's encouragement, Paul's desire to paint is much more intense (张慧军). Plus, he also can talk about celebrities, poems and culture, exchange ideas with her, which enhances his insight and lets him have a more profound understanding of other things. In this regard, Miriam is different from Mrs. Morel who does not care about Paul's art but himself and his achievement. Miriam pays attention to the art itself, and his personality.In the process of dating with Miriam, Paul absorbs pure sense and soul exchange from her which are needed by personal growth. We can say that her love helps him heading for maturity in spirit (张慧军). Miriam is Paul's soul mate who gives him the spiritual comforts. But about sex, her religious faith leads her to consider it dirty and stick to the concept of virginity."...because of the continual business of birth and of begetting which goeson upon every farm, Miriam was the more hypersensitive to the matter,and her blood was chastened almost to disgust of the faintest suggestionof such intercourse" (Lawrence 115).So, Paul follows her and restrains his desire by all means. He is always in a detached state to transform his fire of love into the subtle consciousness. He would rather suffer from it than hurt her feelings, because the sacred sentiment of his mother is offended by his father. He won't let it happen again. However, in the bottom ofPaul's heart, the true love is not only in mind, but also in body. Hence, he is tortured by their platonic love and decides to leave her.3.3 Mrs. Morel's Dislike of MiriamMrs. Morel rests her hopes and affections on her sons through her disillusion of her husband. After the death of her beloved William, she devotes all efforts in Pa ul, which develops into a deformed motherly love. She takes great care of him in life, and regards him as a love object in spirit. She attempts to possess all his emotions. And she is very pleased to go out with him after freshening up shyly, which is the happiest moment in her life. In her eyes, Paul is her lover to fill her emotional vacancy and fulfill her aspirations. As a result, she is always on the alert to prevent anybody and anything from tempting him to deviate from the goal of life which is set by her. But before long, Miriam enters into their world and falls in love with Paul. Mrs. Morel has a feeling of hurt about Paul and hatred about Miriam immediately when they are together. So "She could not bear it when he was with Miriam. William was dead. She would fight to keep Paul" (Lawrence 158).Miriam is a girl with religious and charming temperament. Her platonic love controls Paul's mind to a certain degree. He goes to her home frequently and goes back late at night. He likes to stay and chat with her which let them grow very close. Mrs. Morel is irritated by all of these. She complains to Paul that "...I am old. And therefore I may stand aside; I have nothing more to do with you. Y ou only want me to wait on you-the rest is for Miriam"(Lawrence 151). And she hates Miriam who wants to possess Paul as she does. She feels that her son's soul is taken away by this girl and "She's not like an ordinary woman, who can leave me my share in him. She wants to absorb him"(Lawrence 136). Hence, she often bad-mouths Miriam before Paul and pours out her anguish. Besides, she even tells him that she never has a real husband to profess her love bluntly. In order to defeat Miriam completely, she does not oppose strongly to the fact that Paul is dating with another girl who is a couple of years older than her, because this woman presents no threat to her.Paul becomes increasingly impatient and sullen, as he is caught in the middle between Miriam and Mrs. Morel. He is cruel to Miriam and quarrels with his mother. Both of them are hurt. However, Mrs. Morel blames these negative changes on Miriam. She hates Miriam because she believes that this vicious girl changes Paul into this and destroys their happiness.Miriam is a devote believer and has an unrealistic attitude about life, which is contradictory to Mrs. Morel again who is a practical woman. Just as on the matter of Paul's artistic development, Miriam focuses on his art itself, while Mrs. Morel pays attention to the achievement that the art brings. Gradually, Paul begins to depend solely on Miriam along with his enhanced artistic level and excludes her mother in this respect, which turns into Mrs. Morel's another reason to hate Miriam (张思武).Mrs. Morel is an arrogant woman for her family background. So she hopes that her son can marry a notable maiden who is well-matched with him to consolidate his social position in the middle class. Miriam has a humble origin which is disdained by Mrs. Morel. And at last, Paul indeed doesn't marry Miriam and breaks up with her for several reasons. But Mrs. Morel's strong dislike for Miriam and her pressure on Paul must be much harder to ignore as their separation factors.ConclusionBritain experienced an industrial revolution in the nineteenth century, and entered into the era of industrial civilization. In society at that time, people's natural living environment was damaged, while flesh and spirit were suppressed and damaged. So the relations between people, especially the gender relations lost balance. Sons and Lovers mainly depicts a series of tragedies caused by the disharmonious gender relations under the industrial civilization in nineteenth century (庞炜).Mr. Morel is a miner who is struggling for a minimal living. After a long time of hard work bay by day, he is reduced to a slavery of industrial society without dignity and happiness. He becomes rude, insolent and an alcoholic binge. However, he marries a lady who is well-bred from middle class. She is resentful about her husband's rudeness and the family condition. Then couple's conflicts and unhappy marriage distort the relations between family members.The imbalanced gender relations in the era of the industrial civilization were also represented by gender inequality. At that time, female is at the bottom of society. But they were called "angle in the house". Although they were in low position, they are priority in morality(陆伟芳). In the novel, Miriam is often humiliated by her brothers at home. So she thinks that all men are savages. She longs for a meaningful life, but there is no space to let satisfy her in reality. She only can hold unpractical imagines. Hence, she just wants to have a platonic love with Paul, and rigorously avoids everything about sex. Then conflicts come into being because Paul eventually can't bear Miriam's traditional concept of sex. He is a common people with sexuality awareness. And this is the major cause of their separation.The highly industrialized society urges more and more people to promote their economic and social status by all means. And Mrs. Morel is one of them. Her dissatisfactions about her husband's income and status make her put all hopes on her sons. William dies at a young age which is a fatal blow for her. So she devotes all her love to Paul. At last, she can't live without him for her excessive attachment. As for。

论《儿子与情人》中不正常的家庭关系

论《儿子与情人》中不正常的家庭关系

论《儿子与情人》中不正常的家庭关系摘要:本文通过对国内外研究的对比,综合分析前人对这部小说和恋母情结理论的研究。

进一步介绍了莫雷尔家庭中不正常的家庭关系,旨在研究恋母情结在《儿子与情人》中的体现,分析造成莫雷尔家庭中恶化的夫妻关系、异常的母子关系和陌生的父子关系的背景,并在最后的章节中从作者的角度和社会的角度出发论述畸形家庭关系的成因。

关键词:劳伦斯;《儿子与情人》;家庭关系《儿子与情人》是英国作家戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯创作的一部长篇小说,是作者半自传体作品。

该作品写于19世纪晚期的英国,作者劳伦斯描写了19世纪末英国工业社会中下层人民的生活,以及特定环境下母子之间、两性之间复杂而变态的心理。

小说中,作者通过现实主义和心理分析的写作手法,描写了十九世纪末英国工业社会的场景,并对英国工业化物质文明和商业精神进行了批判。

一、《儿子与情人》中不正常的家庭关系1.丈夫与妻子关系的恶化遇见莫雷尔先生之前,莫雷尔太太是小资产阶级家庭中养育的独立女性,她腼腆但自信,相信自己有能力成就一番事业。

在遇到莫雷尔先生之后,莫雷尔太太困于小资产阶级家庭的身份和所受的教育。

但是,由于与丈夫太过于不同,使其婚姻破裂。

这其中既有人为的心理因素,也有社会因素,是畸形的英国工业社会的缩影。

莫雷尔先生在婚前热情开朗,在婚后与莫雷尔太太失去感情中后,最终因为妻子对自己的仇恨、疏远以及对整个家庭强烈的控制,莫雷尔在整个家庭中的地位边缘化,他成了个多余的人,为了融入这个家庭,他以不和谐的方式耍粗暴力来宣泄,铸就后面一系列的悲剧。

2.母子关系的异化作为莫雷尔夫妇第二个儿子,如果威廉是莫雷尔夫妇爱情的结晶,那么,保罗的出生就是一个错误。

作为小说中的主角之一,保罗与其母亲的血缘纠葛与伦理约束是极其复杂的。

莫雷尔太太对保罗有强烈的负罪感,所以对保罗倾注了更多的爱来弥补保罗自小体弱多病和性格怪异。

保罗在母亲的影响之下,也很能理解母亲的心情与情感。

论《儿子与情人》中俄情结的悲剧

论《儿子与情人》中俄情结的悲剧

论《儿子与情人》中俄情结的悲剧一、概述《儿子与情人》作为英国作家D.H.劳伦斯的代表作之一,以其深刻的心理剖析和细腻的情感描绘,展现了工业革命背景下英国社会家庭关系的复杂纠葛。

在这部小说中,俄情结作为一种重要的情感线索,为整个故事增添了浓厚的悲剧色彩。

源于古希腊神话中俄狄浦斯与母亲之间的禁忌之恋,后被弗洛伊德等心理学家引申为个体对母亲过度依赖、爱恋的情感倾向。

在《儿子与情人》这种情结以不同形式在多个角色身上得以体现,使得原本就充满矛盾和冲突的家庭关系更加复杂。

小说以保罗的成长经历为主线,通过他与母亲莫瑞尔太太之间扭曲的依恋关系,展现了俄情结对个体成长和家庭关系的破坏力。

保罗在成长过程中,深受母亲的影响,对母亲产生了过度的依赖和爱恋。

这种不正常的情感关系,不仅阻碍了保罗的自我成长和独立,也导致了他与女友米莉安和克拉拉之间的爱情关系陷入困境。

小说中其他角色也在不同程度上受到俄情结的影响。

莫瑞尔太太对儿子的过度保护和控制,反映出她对丈夫的失望和对家庭的无奈;而保罗的父亲,则在家庭中失去了应有的地位和作用,成为了俄情结悲剧的牺牲品。

通过对《儿子与情人》中俄情结的探讨,我们不仅可以深入理解小说中的情感纠葛和人物关系,更能从中窥见当时英国社会家庭关系的普遍问题和矛盾。

这种悲剧性的情感表达,不仅是对个体命运的揭示,更是对整个社会现象的深刻反思。

1. 简要介绍《儿子与情人》的作者D.H.劳伦斯及其文学地位《儿子与情人》是英国作家戴维赫伯特劳伦斯(D.H.劳伦斯)的杰作,他在英国文学史上占据着举足轻重的地位,被誉为二十世纪最独特和最有争议的作家之一。

劳伦斯以其敏锐的洞察力、独特的叙事风格和对人性深度的探索,在文学界独树一帜。

他的作品充满了对人性的深入挖掘和对社会现象的深刻剖析,深受读者和评论家的喜爱。

劳伦斯出生于矿工家庭,他的成长经历与《儿子与情人》中的许多情节有着惊人的相似之处,这也使得他的作品充满了自传色彩。

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河北师范大学毕业论文论文题目A Tentative Analysis of the Character of(英文)Mrs. Morel in son and lovers and the Causes 论文题目试析《儿子与情人》中莫瑞尔太太的性格及(中文)其成因A T entative Analysis of the Character of Mrs. Morel in son and lovers and the Causes1.IntroductionDavid Herbert Lawrence (1885—1930) is an out standing English novelist in the twentieth century, and called “one of the greatest personalities in the English history”. He was born in Eastwood, Norttinghamshire, in central England. He was the fourth child of a struggling coal miner. And hischildhood was dominated by poverty and friction between his parents.In 1913 Lawrence’s novel Sons and Lovers was punished, which was a quasi—autobiographical account of a young man’s coning of age in the early y ears of the twentieth century. Setting in working class in Nottinghamshire, it focuses on class conflicts and gender issues as young Paul Morel was torn between a passionate mother and other women.(毕业论文参考网原创论文)And Sons and Lovers is just the fiction that makes Lawrence be famous in English Literature.Mother Fixation was a sensitive subject in the literature world that research about it was not much; Freud was also lack of specific evidence for it that was posed by him. In the 20th century, the work sons and lovers aroused a great sensation in the literature world that people put their attention to Mother Fixation. Most people believed that it was a strong evidence for Freud’s theory-Mother Fixation.In the work sons and lovers, Mrs. Gertrude morel, the mother, was a woman of strong character and refinement. Her husband was a miner who drank heavily and he was irresponsible which often led to terrible quarrels in the family. Paul Morel grew up in such a miserable setting. The mother lavished her love on him and determined to save him from the shadow of the coal mine. But when he was in love with Miriam, Mrs. Morel was afraid that she might lose him so she did her best to come between them. Finally, the two lovers had to divorce from each other. A second attachment, to Clara, gradually fizzled out, too clearly, both failures were caused by the possessive mother, it was not only until the mother died that the son began to find for his true love earnestly. It is one of the greatest autobiographical novels of the last century and it is loved far and wide in the world.Although Lawrence denied this, his family background was so like the dramatic persona Paul’s. He was in love with the wife of a professor; the woman of three children was 6 years older than Lawrence made up for the loss of his mother. From Lawrence and his work Sons and Lovers we should learn something about it.2. Character of Mrs. Morel2.1HelplessIn the 19th century of England, the people were divided into three stratums. They were the upper class, the middle class and the lower class. People from different classes had different goals andthey were treated differently. So that families of equal standing were regarded seriously.As we know, it is a tragedy for a woman to marry a wrong man, so was Gertrude .Because of a sudden passion, the girl, Gertrude from a rich and powerful family married the poor miner. When the passion disappeared she found the man was very rough and he could not be relied on .The endless quarrels made her dream broken that she lavished her love on her second son, Paul, after the death of the oldest son. There was so much hope on her son that she wanted to control his son including behavior and soul, so that he would never turn the back on her and went with another girl.2.2. Strong-willed ,intelligent2.3AmbitiousConclusionAlthough Mother Fixation was a sensitive subject in the literature world that people seldom refer to. It exists in the society as a common phenomenon that it has distorted the soul of mothers and sons, even damaged the family, which also obeys the ethics of human being. As to the author of Sons and Lovers, wrence, Mother Fixation made him so blind that he did not take care of the moral principles and did not know that he had come to the woman’s family a nd left it broken. The novel Sons and Lovers also ended with a tragedy with the death of being mentally and physically exhausted of Mrs. Moreland the failure of Paul’s love.In our daily life, Mother Fixation is a common phenomenon, even if many people do not want to mention it or they do not accept the definition of Mother Fixation. The son who has Mother Fixation is lack of his own thoughts and enterprising spirit because he believes that his mother is his sanctuary and sunshine that never declines. Even when he gets married, his mother is the only person he can rely on not other person. So when there is conflict in his mother and wife he will stand with his mother, go against his wife. As to the mother who has Mother Fixation lavishes her lover upon her son, she controls his behavior and thoughts that she wishes that her son will never go against her. The son is her everything that she is afraid of losing him. As in China, most of the family conflict cause between the mothers and the daughters-in-law. One of the most important reasons is to fight for the domination of the husbands or sons. Once the daughters-in-law come to the family, the mothers will have a sense of tension that the daughters-in-law will take their place to love or control their sons that they are losing their sons. Gradually, the mothers will do something difficult for the daughters-in-law and say something to slander them before their sons, and then the family conflict arouses and the tragedy appears. In order to create a happy life and a harmonious society, we should pay our attention to Mother Fixation and deal with it well because Mother Fixation is a kind of abnormal human beings’ love and we should pursue normal love. Bibliography[1] Bernard Knox. Oedipus the King. Pocket Press, 1994.[2] Fan Cunzhong. History of English Literature [M]. Sichuan People’s Press,1983.[3] A Modern Chinese-English Dictionary. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2003.[4] Guo Qunying. British Literature [M]. Foreign Language Teaching and Education Press,2001.[5] /[6] Wang Shouren. Selected Readings in British Literature [M]. Higher Education Press,2001.[7] Brenda Maddox.有妇之夫—劳伦斯的生活[M].海邹伦,李传家,蔡曙光译.中央编译出版社,1999.[8] D.H.Lawrence.Sons and Lovers.贺广贤注释,西安:世界图书出版西安公司,2005.[8] 巴金.寒夜.上海文艺出版社出版,2005.[10] 弗洛伊德.图腾与禁忌.文[M].良文化译,中央编译出版社,2005.[11] 弗洛伊德.精神分析引论[M].高觉敷译,商务印书馆,1984.[12] 基思•萨嘉.被禁止的作家--D.H.劳伦斯传[M].王增澄译,辽宁教育出版社,1998.[13] 诺埃尔.文学文本的精神分析[M].李红书译, 天津人民出版社,2004.[14] 张定全.新编简明英国文学史[M].上海外语教育出版社,2002.[15] 吴伟仁.英国文学史及选读[M].外语教学与研究出版社,1998.[16] 王佐良,祝玉,李品伟欧洲文化入门[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2004.。

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