高三英语专题复习 状语从句

高三复习状语从句

【专题眺望】

知能目标：①状语从句中从属连词的正确使用。

②主从句动词时态的一致性。

③状语从句中的省略现象。

④状语从句与其他从句、非谓语动词作状语之间结构上的区别和相互转换。

命题规律：状语从句在单项选择中的比重有所增大。侧重考查状语从句中的连词的选用，尤其是一些较特殊的连词、连词词组的含义和用法，如in case, on condition that, the moment, however等，主从句的时态呼应也是考查的重点。

【知识结构】

【重难点透析】

1.时态呼应注意点

①状语从句用一般现在时表将来、用现在完成时表示将来完成时。如：

She will get married when she meets the right man.

We won't climb up the mountain until rain has stopped.

②在表示“刚……就……”的句型hardly…when… 和no sooner …than …中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时，如果否定词置于句首，主句可用倒装结构。如：

Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.

③It is +段时间+since从句，从句里用过去时，It was +段时间+since从句，从句里用过去完成时，since与短暂性动词连用时，表示动作的开始，since与延续性动词连用表示该动作的结束，翻译时通常译成该动词的反义词。

How have you been since I saw you last time? (自从我上次见到你以后，你一向还好吗? )

It is (has been) just a month since he arrived here. (他来这里已经有一月了。)

It is five years since I lived in Nanchang. (自从我不住在南昌以来已经5年了。)

It is five years since I began to live in Nanchang. (自从我住在南昌以来已经5年了。)

I haven't heard from him since I lived in Nanchang. (自从我离开南昌以来，已经5年了。)

2. before的翻译较灵活，现将其译法归纳如下

①“在以前”，这时主句的动作发生在前，从句的动作在后

②“（后）才”，此时强调从句动作发生得晚或慢，主句的动作延续时间较长

③“就；便；快”，此时主句中的谓语动词为否定形式

④“未就；还没来得及就”，强调从句动作发生之前主句动作已经发生

⑤“趁着”⑥在某些习语中还可译成“先…（然）后；先…再”。如：

Before I go to the cinema, I must finish my homework. 我必须在去看电影之前做完作业。

We had sailed for two days before we saw land. 我们航行了两天才看见陆地。

It was not long before the Swiss rose up and drove the Austrian soldiers out of their country. 不久，瑞士人就举行起义，把奥地利人赶出了他们的家园。

The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. 他还没来得及冲进屋子去救他的孩子，房顶就塌下来了。

I must write it down before I forget it. 趁我还没忘记，我得把它写下来。

Think before you leap. 三思而后行。

3. 原因状语从句的引导词because, since 和as 的用法

because 引导原因状语从句，语气最强，用来回答why的提问，放在主句的前后均可。

as 引导原因状语从句，语气比because弱，常译为“由于”，只是附带说明，一般放在主句前面。

since 表示已知的或众所周知的原因，常译为“既然”，相当于now that。

注意在强调句中，只能用because。because of后边跟名词或代词。

关于表原因并列连词for 引导的分句，主要是补充说明原因，解释另一分句，不可回答why 的问句。例如：

I married her, not because she was rich, but because she was good –natured, clever and beautiful.

Since you don't understand, I will explain it again.

He felt no fear, for he is brave.

4. 比较while, when, as

①as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。

Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.

②当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或while。

When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

③从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。

As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。

5. 比较until和till

此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

Wait till I call you.等着我叫你。

否定句：She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。

1) Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。

2) Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。

---Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候？--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。

注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

1). Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

2). It is not until… that… 强调句

It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.

6. though的用法

① though conj.“虽然；尽管”（不与but连用，但可以跟yet, still连用）；表示“然而”时是副词（在句尾），如：

Though we are poor, we are still happy. 虽然我们穷，我们还是很幸福。

Though it’s hard work, I enjoy it. 尽管是个苦差事，我喜欢。

He promised to phone. I heard nothing, though. 他答应打电话的，然而我什么也没听到。

②as/though引导的让步状语从句用部分倒装。可以把表语提前，也可以把状语提前，有时把谓语提前。若表语是名词时，名词前常省略冠词。如：

Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，他懂得许多。

Much as/though I like it, I don’t want to buy it.尽管我很喜欢，我还是不会买的。