英美文学复习
英美文学复习资料
2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature?
Chapter1. The Renaissance Period
一．重点
前言部分
4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.
A. spiritual----hero B. natural----leader C. spiritual----god D. natural----monster
二． 《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：
识记： 有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住
领会： 在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别
应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。
1． 文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征
2． 人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响
3． 文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征
练习：
Renaissance Period
1. Choose the best answer for each blank.
1). The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European ______ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.
英美文学选读复习资料
英美文学选读复习资料英美文学选读复习资料一、英国文学1、文艺复兴时期：莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》等，以及弥尔顿的《失乐园》。
2、17世纪：约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌，以及约翰·班扬的《天路历程》。
3、18世纪：启蒙时期，亨利·菲尔丁和理查逊的小说，以及亚历山大·蒲柏的讽刺诗歌。
4、19世纪：浪漫主义时期，包括拜伦、雪莱、济慈等人的诗歌，以及简·奥斯汀、爱米莉·勃朗特等的小说。
5、维多利亚时期：查尔斯·狄更斯、乔治·艾略特、托马斯·哈代等作家的小说，以及马修·阿诺德、约翰·罗斯金等人的诗歌。
二、美国文学1、浪漫主义时期：包括华盛顿·欧文的《睡谷传说》、爱伦·坡的短篇小说、以及纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》。
2、现实主义时期：包括马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》、亨利·詹姆斯的小说、以及艾米莉·狄金森的诗歌。
3、20世纪：包括F.斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》、欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》、杰克·凯鲁亚克的《在路上》等文学作品。
三、文学术语和概念1、象征主义：通过象征性的符号或形象来表达某种思想或情感。
2、叙事视角：从特定的角度来描述故事，常见的有第一人称、第二人称、第三人称等。
3、意象主义：通过形象和比喻来表达情感和思想。
4、文艺复兴：欧洲历史上的一次文化运动，强调人文主义和古希腊罗马文化。
5、玄学派：17世纪英国的一种文学流派，强调诗歌中的哲学思考和神秘主义。
6、悲剧：一种戏剧类型，通常表现英雄人物的悲惨命运。
7、喜剧：一种戏剧类型，通常表现幽默、讽刺等轻松愉快的主题。
8、自然主义：一种文学流派，强调对自然和社会现实的客观描写。
9、超验主义：一种哲学思想，强调个人经验和直觉，反对传统权威。
英国文学史期末复习笔记
英美文学史期末复习笔记英国美国1.伊丽莎白时期的文学 1.殖民地时期文学2.17世纪和18世纪的文学 2.浪漫主义文学3.浪漫主义时期 3.现实主义文学4.维多利亚时期 4.自然主义文学5.20世纪的小说与诗歌 5.20世纪20年代的诗歌与小说6.二战后的诗歌 6.二战后的诗歌与小说7.二战后的小说7.美国戏剧梳理8.少数族裔文学1.Definition of epicAn epic is a long narrative poem.2.Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里。
乔叟the father of English poetry(literature) 英国文学之父the heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵)lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)AA BB CC DD EE代表作:The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事（英国文学史的开端）文艺复兴时期The Renaissance(1500-1660)1.the definition of RenaissanceRenaissance first rose in Italy in the 14th century and came to a flowering in the 15th and then in the 16th century it spread to other countries, notably France and thence to Germany and England and Spain and the other countries.核心：humanism ：admire human beauty and human achievement.文艺复兴三杰：达芬奇，米开朗琪罗，拉斐尔2.William Shakespeare(1564-1616)He is actor, playwright;totally 37 playsFour great tragedies:Hamlet (哈姆雷特)Othello(奥赛罗)King Lear(李尔王)Macbeth(麦克白)Four great comedies:The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》A Midsummer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》Twelfth night 《第十二夜》Ben Johson dedicated a poem in praise of him:“…Soul of the age.He was not of an age, but for all time”.3.Sonnet(十四行诗）Sonnet is a lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length: iambic(抑扬格的) pentameters（五步格诗）in English. The English sonnet (also called the Shakespearen sonnet after its foremost practitinoner) comprises three quatrains (四行诗)and a final couplet（对句），rhyming ababcdcdefef. An important variant of this is the Spenserian sonnet (introduced by Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser ), which links the three quatrains by rhyme, in the sequence ababbabccdcdee. In either form, the turn comes with the final couplet, which may sometimes achieve the neatness of an epigram.4.metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌）The term “metaphysical poetry”is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The name given to a diverse group of 17th-century English poets whose work is notable for its ingenious (精致的)use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits(幻想), strange paradoxes, and far-reaching imagery, argumentative abruptness of rhythm and tone distinguishes his style from the conventions of Elizabethan love lyrics. T.S Eliot and others revived their reputation, stressing their quality of wit, in the sense of intellectual strenuousness and flexibility rather than smart humor.Its main features:①the diction is simple②The imagery is drawn from the actual life③The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God, or with himself.5.John Donne(1572-1631)View of poetry: A blend of emotion and intellectual ingenuity, characterized by conceit or "wit".The most striking feature of Donne’s poetry is its tang of reality, in the sense that it seems to reflect life in a real rather than a poetical world.Special features: Conceits;wit;imagery;dramatic and conversational style.代表作：the flea《跳蚤》6.Francis Bacon(1561-1626)He is the precursor of materialism英国唯物主义的始祖（马克思和恩格斯语）；also the founder of modern science；the first British essayist.作品：Essays《随笔》(of studies is the most famous one of them)7.John MiltonDefense for the English People为英国人辩护;blank verse 素体诗作品：Paradise Lost失乐园Paradise Regained复乐园18世纪的启蒙主义文学1.the definition of enlightenmentA general term applied to the movement of intellectual liberation that develop in Western Europe from the late 17th Century to the late 18th century.(the period is often called the Age of Reason), especially in France and Switzerland.The enlightenment culminated(使达到顶峰) with the writings of Jeans-Jacques Rousseau and the Encyclopedia（百科全书）, the philosophy of Immanuel(以马内利，基督的别称) Kant, and the political ideas of the American and French Revolutions while the forerunners in science and philosophy included Bacon, Descartes, Newton, and Locke. Its central idea was the need and the capacity of human reason to clearaway ancient superstition, prejudice, dogma and injustice.Literary features:①Classicism: As a critical term, classicism is a body of doctrine thought to be derived from or to reflect the qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture, particularly in literature, philosophy, art, or criticism. Classicism stands for certain definite ideas and attitudes, mainly drawn from the critical utterances of the Greek and Romans or developed through an imitation of ancient art and literature. ②Neoclassicism:it emphasized the classical artistic ideals of order, logic, proportion, restrained emotion, accuracy, good taste and decorum.③Sentimentalism came into being as the result of a bitter discontent among the enlightened people with social reality.4 Pre-romanticism: In the latter half of the 18th century, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival. It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewed interest in medieval literature. In England this movement showed itself in the trend of Pre-romanticism.Gothic novel is its most manifest expression.2.John Locke(1632-1704)one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers ;considered one of the first of the British empiricists经验主义者, following the tradition of Francis Bacon; best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer《荷马史诗》;He is the third most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations,after Shakespeare and Tennyson.3.Daniel Defoe(1661-1731)代表作：The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (英国文学史第一部小说)Moll Flanders《摩尔. 佛兰德斯》Robinson Crusoe celebrates the 18th-century Western civilization’s material triumphs and the strength of human rational will to conquer the natural environment. Robinson, apparently, is cast as a typical 18th-century middle-class tradesman, the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.The hero is practical, diligent, shrewd, courageous and intelligent to overcome all kinds of obstacles. In another sense, Robinson is Everyman struggling to master nature.This novel is the representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stages of its development.4.Jonathan Swift(1667-1745)乔纳森.斯威夫特作品：Gulliver’s Travels《格列佛游记》A Tale of a Tub 《木桶的故事》The Battle of Books 《书战》A Modest Proposal 《一个小小的建议》His writing features : Swift defines a good style as “proper words in proper places”. His language is always precise, simple, clear, vigorous as well as economical and concise.He is also a master satirist.5.Henry Fielding(1707-1754)The father of modern fiction(现代小说之父)代表作：《约瑟夫·安德鲁》Joseph Andrews《汤姆·琼斯》Tom Jones6.Oliver Goldsmith’s(1730-1774)代表作：The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德的牧师The Deserted Village 荒村浪漫主义时期English Romanticism(1798-1830)1.the definition of RomanticismIt is generally said to have began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth & Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill《改革法案》in the Parliament. English Romanticism is a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason. The French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution exert great influence on English Romanticism.Romanticists show in their works their profound dissatisfaction with the social reality and their deep hatred for any political tyranny, economic exploitation and any form of oppression, feudal or bourgeois. In the realm of literature, they revol t against reason, rules, regulation, objectivity, common senses, etc. and emphasize the value of feelings, intuition, freedom, nature, subjectivism, individuality, originality, imagination, etc.2.two schools of Romanticism①The lake poets湖畔派诗人（escapist romanticists）：William Wordsworth华兹华斯, Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治and Robert Southey骚塞.They three were known as Lake Poets because they lived and knew one another in the last few years of the 18th century in the district of the great lakes in Northwestern England.②The Satanic school撒旦派（active romanticists):Byron, Shelly, and Keats.3.William Blake(1757-1827)十九世纪英国浪漫派诗人、画家、雕刻家作品：Songs of Experience《经验之歌》Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》The Marriage of Heaven and Hell《天堂与地狱的婚姻》The Chimney Sweeper《扫烟囱的孩子》The Lamb《羊羔》4.Robert Burns（1759-1796）（苏格兰著名农民诗人）作品：“A Red, Red Rose”《红红的玫瑰》5.William Wordsworth(1770-1850)He focused on the nature, children, the poor, common people, in his poem, he aimed at simplicity and purity of the language, so he used ordinary words to express his personal feelings.1843年获得桂冠诗人(Laureate)称号代表作：The Daffodils《水仙花》The Solitary Reaper《孤独的收割者》6.George Gordon Byron（1788-1824）Influence:(to world)Byron has enriched European poetry with an abundance of ideas, images, artistic forms & innovations. He stands with Shakespeare & Scott among the British writers who exert the greatest influence over the mainland of Europe.(to china)His revolutionary zeal and democratic ideals, as shown in his stirring lyricThe Isles of Greece and Childe Harold, strongly impressed the Chinese youth who were then waging struggles to overthrow the old feudal system.代表作Don Juan《唐璜》, 1818-1823When we two parted《当我们分手》She walks in beauty《她走在美的光彩中》Byronic hero：a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passions and powers,unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.(fiery passions unbending will, ideal of freedom, against tyranny(专制统治)and injustice, lonely fighters individualistic ends)7.Percy Bysshe Shelley（1792-1822）代表作：Ode To The West Wind《西风颂》Queen Mab 《麦布女王》8.John Keats（1795—1821）代表作：Ode to An Nightingale《夜莺颂》(“美即是真，真即是美”Beauty is truth, truth is beauty.是他的著名诗句。
英美文学史复习笔记5篇
英美文学史复习笔记5篇第一篇：英美文学史复习笔记英美文学复习时期划分——Early & Medieval literature 包括The Anglo-Saxon Period 和The Anglo-Norman Period ——Renaissance 文艺复兴——Revolution & Restoration 资产阶级革命与王权复辟——Enlightenment 启蒙运动——Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期——Critical Realism 批判现实主义——20th Modernism 现代主义传统诗歌主题：nature, life, death, belief, time, youth, beauty, love, feelings of different kinds, reason(wisdom), moral lesson, morality.修辞名称：meter格律, rhyme韵, sound assonance谐音, consonance和音, alliteration头韵, form of poetry诗歌形式, allusion典故, foot音步, iamb抑扬格, trochee扬抑格, anapest抑抑扬格, dactyl扬抑抑格, pentameter五音步文学体裁：诗歌poem,小说novel,戏剧novel起源：Christianity 基督教Bible圣经myth神话The Romance of king Arthur and his knights亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）一、1、The Anglo-Saxon period(496-1066)这个时期的文学作品分类：（pagan异教徒）（Christian基督徒）2、代表作：The song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》(national epic)（民族史诗）采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved.To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period(1066-1350)Canto 诗章受到法国影响English literature is also a combination of French and Saxon elements.1、romance传奇文学 Arthurian romances亚瑟王传奇2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight(高文爵士和绿衣骑士)是一首押头韵的长诗 knighthood 骑士精神三、Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里。
英美文学期末考试复习
第一章殖民主义时期的文学1、American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.American Puritanism influences on American literature:a. Idealism and optimism 理想主义和乐观主义b. Symbolism 象征主义c. Simplicity. 简洁清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记清教徒在美国的写作内容：1）their voyage to the new land2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops3) About dealing with Indians4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit清教徒的思想：1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。
英美文学选读复习
英美文学选读复习英美文学选读复习1．莎士比亚的生平2．莎士比亚的戏剧创作生涯3．莎士比亚戏剧的代表作品及其故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义（1）威尼斯商人4．莎士比亚的诗歌（1）叙事诗（2）十四行诗 185．莎士比亚戏剧的思想意义（1）对社会现实的批判（2）对人文主义的颂歌6．莎士比亚的艺术成就（1）人物塑造（2）情节结构（3）语言风格7．选读十四行诗 18 的主题、意象《威尼斯商人》的主题、人物性格、语言特点《哈姆雷特》的主题、人物性格、语言特点B约翰?弥尔顿1．弥尔顿的生平2．弥尔顿的文学创作3．《利西达斯》：挽歌及其特点4．选读史诗《失乐园》故事梗概、主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格、作品意义C亚历山大?蒲伯1．蒲伯的生平及创作生涯2．蒲伯的时代观与文学观3．蒲伯的主要作品介绍4．蒲伯的语言风格5．选读《论批评》第二部分（1）作品简介（2）作品体裁、结构、语言风格D丹尼尔笛福1．笛福的生平：个人事业和社会活动2．笛福的社会观3．笛福的主要作品介绍4．笛福的创作特点5．选读：《鲁滨逊漂流记》4故事简介作者的创作意义：时代精神的.写照1．华兹华斯的生平及创作生涯2．华兹华斯的诗歌创作主张3．华兹华斯的诗歌（1）抒情诗：《丁灯寺旁》4．华兹华斯诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5．华兹华斯诗歌的艺术成就6．华兹华斯的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响7．选读：《我孤独地漂泊犹如一片浮云》《作于西敏寺桥上》《她居住在人迹罕至的地方》《孤独的割麦女》主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等F珀?比?雪莱1．雪莱的生平2．雪莱的诗歌创作主张3．雪莱的主要作品抒情诗：《西风颂》《云雀颂》诗剧：《解放了的普罗米修斯》4．雪莱诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5．雪莱的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响6．选读：《西风颂》：主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色G约翰?济慈1．济慈的生平及创作生涯2．济慈的美学思想3．济慈的主要诗作《夜莺颂》《希腊古瓮颂》《安底弥翁》《伊莎贝拉》4．济慈诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5．济慈的诗歌对同时代英国文学的影响6．选读：《希腊古瓮颂》主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等H简?奥斯汀1．奥斯汀的生平及创作生涯2．奥斯汀的小说创作思想3．奥斯汀的小说《理智与情感》《诺桑觉寺》《曼斯菲尔德公园》《傲慢与偏见》《爱玛》《劝告》4．奥斯汀小说的主要特点及社会意义5．奥斯汀的小说对后世英国文学的影响6．选读：《傲慢与偏见》1 主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、表现手法等I查尔斯?狄更斯1．狄更斯的生平及创作生涯2．狄更斯作品中的批判现实主义思想与社会改良主义倾向3．狄更斯前期作品的思想与艺术特征4．狄更斯后期作品的思想与艺术特征5．狄更斯的创作特色与艺术成就（1）语言（2）3种人物的刻画（3）幽默与哀婉情感的交融6．狄更斯小说目录7．选读《雾都孤儿》第3章故事简介主题：济贫院J夏洛特?布朗蒂1．夏洛特的生平2．夏洛特的创作思想和主题3．选读《简?爱》第23章故事梗概作品的批判现实主义思想作品的社会意义作品女主人公的形象在逆境中求自我道德完善的主题K托马斯?哈代1．哈代的生平与创作2．哈代的创作倾向：传统观念与现代思想的并存3．哈代作品中的“宿命观”4．哈代作品中的批判现实主义思想5．哈代作品的艺术特色6．选读《德伯家的苔丝》19 故事梗概作品主题L威廉?勃特勒?叶芝1．叶芝的生平及文学生涯2．叶芝的诗歌创作思想3．叶芝诗歌的代表作品（1）早期诗歌：（2）中期诗歌（3）晚期诗歌4．叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义5．叶芝诗歌的艺术成就6．叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响7．叶芝的戏剧创作8．选读：《茵纳斯弗利岛》《在阔叶柳花园旁边》M D．T．S．艾略特1．艾略特的生平几创作生涯2．艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观点3．艾略特的主要诗歌作品（1）《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》（2）《荒原》4．艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义5．艾略特的戏剧6．艾略特的艺术成就7．艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对当代英国的影响8．《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义9．选读《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等 N戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯1．劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯2．劳伦斯的创作思想3．劳伦斯的主要小说（1）《儿子与情人》《虹》《恋爱中的女人》4．劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义5．劳伦斯的诗歌与戏剧6．劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响7．《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义8．选读《儿子与情人》人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等。
英美文学~~复习资料范文
《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一．课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。
主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。
选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。
二．《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。
三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。
Part 1 English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献二．练习：1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______.A. Old----RenaissanceB. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of EnglandC. Middle ---- RenaissanceD. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England2).. The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the ______ century.A. mid-13thB. mid-14thC. mid-15thD. mid-16th3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons.A. sonnetB. essayC. epicD. novel4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. William ShakespeareC. Francis BaconD. William Langland5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______.A. Geoffrey Chaucer----witsB. William Shakespeare----witsC. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanityD. William Shakespeare----humanity6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______.A. Old English, Greek, LatinB. Old English, French, LatinC. Old English, Greek, FrenchD. English, Greek, French7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______.A. coupletB. blank verseC. heroic coupletD. epic8). Thematically the poem “Beowulf” presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.A. spiritual----heroB. natural----leaderC. spiritual----godD. natural----monster9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come.A. manB. theoryC. doctrineD. era10). Geoffrey Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse.A. rhymedB. alliterativeC. socialD. visionary2. Explain the following literal terms.1). Romance2). Heroic Couplet3). Epic3. Answer the following questions.1). How many groups do the Old English poetry divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why?2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature?Chapter1. The Renaissance Period一．重点前言部分1．文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2．人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3．文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：Renaissance Period1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European ______ thinkers andscholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.A. Greek and RomanB. humanistC. religiousD. loyal2). Generally, the ______ refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.A. Medieval PeriodB. RenaissanceC. Old English PeriodD. Romantic Period3). ______ is the essence of the Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.A. Humanity---- William ShakespeareB. Humanism-----Francis BaconC. Humanity---- Geoffrey ChaucerD. Humanism----William Shakespeare4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and______.A. novel--- Geoffrey ChaucerB. poetry----Francis BaconC. drama----Ben JonsonD. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things.A. Roman ---- moralB. French---- reasonC. Roman---- manD. French---- God6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that peoplecould understand.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GreekD. Anglo-Saxon7). Wyatt, in the Renaissance period, introduced the Petrarchan ______ into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.A. drama----freeB. sonnet----blankC. terzarima----blankD. couplet----free8). In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and ______ were the most outstandingforms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel9). By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.A. humanistsB. ProtestantsC. CatholicsD. playwrights10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science inEngland.A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Ben Jonson2. Explain the following literal terms.1). the Renaissance Period2). blank verse3). Humanism3. Answer the following questions.1). Make a comment on the influence of Italian literary works upon the literature in the Renaissance England.2). Make a comment on humanism3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England?文艺复兴时期的主要作家。
英美文学复习
•Works:LyricalBallads,KublaKhan
•George Gordon Byron 1788-1824
•Works:DonJuan
•Percy Bysshe Shelly 1792-1822
•Works:Ode to the West Wind”,西风颂
•The Rise of the Realistic Novel
•Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记)
VI. The Romantic
•A: Poetry:
•William Wordsworth & Samuel Taylor Coleridge:Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集
Four Great Tragedies:5
Four Great Comedies:5
Poetry5
5.Romanticism浪漫主义6
6. English novel7
Jane Austen7
Works:7
Charles John Huffam Dickens7
7. A Brief Survey of American Literature8
Major Romantic Poets：
•William Blake 1757-1827
•Songs of Innocence
•William Wordsworth 1770-1850
•Works:Lyrical Ballads（marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature）,I wander Lonely as a Cloud
英美文学复习资料
英美文学复习资料英美文学I. 本期讲过的所有名家名作II．名词术语:Ode——in ancient literature, is an elaborate lyrical poem composed for a chorus to chant and to dance to; in modern use, it is a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings, often addressed to a person or celebrating an event.Alliteration——It is a form of initial rhyme, or head rhyme.It is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.e.g. He came on under the clouds, clearly saw at lastRage-inflamed, wreckage-bent, be ripped openKenning——a figurative language in order to add beauty to ordinary objects. It is a metaphor usually composed of two words, which becomes the formula for a special object.e.g. Helmet bearer—— warriorSwan road——the seaThe world candle—— the sunRepetition &Variatione.g. Grendel / The spoiler / warlike creature /the foe / horrible monsterA host of young soldiers / a company ofKinsmen / a whole warrior-bandCaesura——every line consists of two clearly separated half lines between which is a pause, called caesura.e.g. Grendel stalking; God’s brand was on him.the gold-hall of men, the mead-drinking placenailed with gold plates. That was not the first visitBallad——is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later the Americas, Australia and North Africa. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century it took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and the term is now often used as synonymous with any love song, particularly the pop or rock power ballad.Epic——is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primary, or original, epics. One such epic is the Old English story Beowulf. Epics that attempt to imitate these like Milton’s Paradise Lost are known as literary, or secondary, epics.The six main characteristics:1. The hero is outstanding. He might be important, and historically or legendarily significant.2. The setting is large. It covers many nations, or the known world.3. The action is made of deeds of great valor or requiringsuperhuman courage.4. Supernatural forces—gods, angels, demons—insert themselves in the action.5. It is written in a very special style.6. The poet tries to remain objective.Sonnet (Italian Sonnet, Shakespearean Sonnet, Spenserian Sonnet, Miltonic Sonnet)①Italian sonnetcreated by Giacomo da Lentini, head of the Sicilian School.Petrarch (1304-1374) most famous early sonneteerIt falls into two main parts:an octave rhyming “abbaabba” (set up a problem ) + volta followed by a sestet rhyming “cdecde” or some variant, such as “cdccdc” (answer)②English / Shakespearean sonnetThe greatest practitioner: William Shakespearethree quatrains followed by a coupletoften presents a repetition-with-variation of a statement in each of the three quatrains ?The final couplet in the English sonnet usually imposes an epigrammatic turn at the end.——a fourteen-line poem of iambic pentameters. This form is made up of 3 quatrains and a couplet, rhyming：ababcdcdefefgg③Spenserian sonnetA variant on the English form is the Spenserian sonnet, named after Edmund Spenserthree quatrains connected by the interlocking rhyme scheme and followed by a couplet ?the rhyme scheme is abab, bcbc, cdcd, ee——has the rhyme scheme ababbcbccdcdee and no breakbetween the octave (an eight line stanza) and the sestet( a six line stanza). It is named after the Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser.④Miltonic SonnetConceit——in literature, a conceit is an extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem. By juxtaposing, usurping and manipulating images and ideas in surprising ways, a conceit invites the reader into a more sophisticated understanding of an object of comparison. Extended conceits in English are part of the poetic idiom of Mannerism, during the later sixteenth and early seventeenth century. Simile—is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements ha ving at least one quality or characteristic in common.Simile is almost always introduced bythe following words:like,as,as…as,as it were,as if,as though,be something of,similar to, etc.Metaphor—is a figure of speech where comparison is implied.It is also a comparison between two unlike elements with a similar quality.But unlike a simile,this comparison is implied,n ot expressed with the word"as"or"like".Symbol——In literary usage, a symbol is a specially evocative kind of image: that is, a word or phrase referring to a concrete object, scene, or action which also has some further significance associated with it.Types of SymbolsI. Universal or cultural symbols/traditional symbolsare those whose associations are the common property of asociety or culture and are so widely recognized and accepted that they can be said to be almost universal.e.g. water—lifeSerpent—the DevilLamb—Jesus ChristII. Contextual, Authorial, or Private symbolsare those whose associations are neither immediate nor traditional; instead, they derive their meaning, largely if not exclusively, from the context of the work in which they are used.e.g. the albatross in Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”Synecdoche——a figure of speech in which a part is substituted for a whole or a whole for a part e.g.My baby woke for a bottle.[提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.]Oxymoron——is a figure of speech that juxtaposes elements that appear to be contradictory.Oxymora appear in a variety of contexts, including inadvertent errors (such as "ground pilot") and literary oxymorons crafted to reveal a paradox. The most common form of oxymoron involves an adjective–noun combination of two words. For example, the following line from Tennyson's Idylls of the King contains two oxymora: And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.e.g. painful pleasure a thunderous silencePun——The pun, also called paronomasia, is a form of word play that suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intendedhumorous or rhetorical effect. Puns are used to create humor and sometimes require a large vocabulary to understand. Puns have long been used by comedy writers, such as William Shakespeare, Oscar Wilde, and George Carlin.Puns can be classified in various ways:①The homophonic pun, a common type, uses word pairs which sound alike (homophones) but are not synonymous.②A homographic pun exploits words which are spelled the same (homographs) but possess different meanings and sounds.③Homonymic puns, another common type, arise from the exploitation of words which are both homographs and homophones.④A compound pun is a statement that contains two or more puns.⑤A recursive pun is one in which the second aspect of a pun relies on the understanding of an element in the first.⑥Visual puns are used in many logos, emblems, insignia, and other graphic symbols, in which one or more of the pun aspects are replaced by a picture.Personification——a figure of speech which represents abstractions or inanimate objects with human qualities, including physical, emotional, and spiritual; the application of human attributes or abilities to nonhuman entities.ExaggerationDramatic monologue—— a kind of poem in which the speaker is imagined to be addressing a silent audienceIrony——in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device,literarytechnique, or event characterized by an incongruity, or contrast, between what the expectations of a situation are and what is really the case.——A subtly humorous perception of inconsistency, in which an apparently straightforward statement or event is undermined by its context so as to give it a very different significance.Allusion——is a figure of speech, in which one refers covertly or indirectly to an object or circumstance from an external context. It is left to the reader or hearer to make the connection; where the connection is detailed in depth by the author, it is preferable to call it "a reference". Literary allusion is closely related to parody and pastiche, which are also "text-linking" literary devices. A type of literature has grown round explorations of the allusions in such works as Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock or T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land. James JoyceRomanticism——Romanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature.Modernism——Modernism is a rather vague term which is used to apply to the works of a group of poets, novelists, painters, and musicians between 1910 and the early years after the World War II. The term includes various trends or schools, such as imagism, expressionism, dadaism, stream of consciousness, and existentialism. It means a departure from theconventional criteria or established values of the Victorian age.The basic themes of modernism:1. Alienation and loneliness are the basic themes of modernism. In the eyes of modernist writers, the modern world is a chaotic one and is incomprehensible.2. Although modern society is materially rich, it is spiritually barren. It is a land of spiritual and emotional sterility.3. Human beings are helpless before an incomprehensible world and no longer able to do things their forefathers once did.The characteristics of modernism：1. Complexity and obscurity: (juxtaposition, no limitation of space)2. The use of symbols: (symbol: a means to express their inexpressible selves)3. Allusion: (Allusion is an indirect reference to another work of literature, art, history, or religion.)4. Irony: (an expression of one’s meaning by using words that mean the direct opposite of what one really intends to convey.)Rhyme scheme——the pattern in which the rhymed line-endings are arranged in a poem or stanza. Head rhyme: As busy as a bee End rhymeCrossed rhymeWill ye bridle the deep sea with reins, will ye chasten the high sea with rods?Will ye take her to chain her with chains, who is older than all ye Gods?Internal rhyme:“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary" Iambic meter/ trochaicmeter/anapestic meterIamb is a metrical unit (foot) of verseabout [?'ba?t] =?+'ba?t[?'ba?t]an unstressed syllable(?) +a stressed syllable(?)=one iambic foot/meterAbout about about about about=iambic pentameter抑扬格(iambic):如果一个音步中有两个音节，前者为轻，后者为重，则这种音步叫抑扬格音步，其专业术语是（iamb, iambic.）。
(完整word版)英美文学选读考前总复习
一.What is the theme of Beowulf?Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader。
The poem is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.二。
William Shakespeare （i）Name his four greatest tragedies。
（2)What are the characteristics of the four tragedies in common？（3）Briefly summarize each hero’s weakness of nature。
1.Shakespeare'sfourgreatest tragediesare：Hamlet，Othello,Kinglear,and Macbeth.2。
Eachportrays some noble hero，who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.3.Each hero has his weakness of nature;the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power;and Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes三. try to discuss William Shakespeare ‘s art of creations。
英美文学复习大纲与重点内容
《英美文学》复习大纲第一部分英国文学一、课程简介本课程简要介绍英国各个历史断代的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派,主要作家; 本课程要求学生掌握英国文学史上各个时期的文学特点，出现的文学流派以及该时期一至两位重要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及代表作品；并要求学生做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转换这能力，即能用有关知识和理论来分析英国文学中的相关问题。
二、课程重点章节简介：第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学1. <<贝尔武夫>>2. 乔叟及其代表作第二章: 文艺复兴时期1. 文艺复兴的定义2. 萨士比亚的戏剧及十四行诗3. 培根的代表作第三章: 十七世纪英国文学1. 弥尔顿的代表作<<失乐园>>、诗剧<<力士参孙>>的主要内容及<<失乐园>>选短第四章: 启蒙运动时期1. 新古典主义2. 伤感主义3. 笛福及代表作4. 蒲伯及代表作第五章: 浪漫主义时期1. 浪漫主义时期文学的特点2. 彭斯的创作特点及代表作3. 华兹华斯的创作特点及代表作4. 拜伦诗歌的特点及代表作第六章: 维多利亚时期1. 维多利亚时期的文学特点2. 布朗蒂姐妹的代表作第七章: 现代时期1. 现代主义文学2. 汤姆斯.哈代创作特点及代表作3. D.H.劳伦斯创作特点及代表作三、本课程重点和难点内容简介第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学：1．<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。
2．乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。
3．名词解释“骑士抒情诗”第二章: 文艺复兴时期：1. 文艺复兴时期的时间界定2. “文艺复兴”的名词解释3. “人文主义”的名词解释4. 莎士比亚的“Sonnet 18”的主题5. 哈姆雷特的性格分析6. 英语解释《论学习》中的句子第三章: 十七世纪英国文学：1. 英语解释弥尔顿《失乐园》选段中的句子2. 《失乐园》的主要内容和意义3. 《失乐园》中撒旦的人物分析第四章: 启蒙运动时期：1. 启蒙运动时期的界定2. 新古典主义的基本主张和特色3. 伤感主义的名词解释4. 《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的人物分析5. 蒲伯的《论批评》的主题6. 英文解释《论批评》第五章: 浪漫主义时期：1. 浪漫主义时期的界定及文学特点2. 彭斯的诗歌的特点及其诗作“红玫瑰”3. 华兹华斯和科勒律治合作的《抒情歌谣集》的重要意义4. 华兹华斯的诗歌特点5. 英文解释华兹华斯“我如行云独自游”中的句子6. 拜伦“致希腊”的主题并用英语解释其中句子7. 雪莱“西风颂”的主题并用英语解释其中句子第六章: 维多利亚时期1. 维多利亚时期的文学特点2. 艾米莉。
英美文学重点知识归纳
英美文学重点知识归纳一、英美文学的概念和特点英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌、剧本等。
它具有以下几个特点：1.多元化：英美文学以其丰富多样的风格和流派而闻名。
从古典主义到浪漫主义，从现代主义到后现代主义，英美文学不断演变和发展，展示了人类思想和情感的多样性。
2.自由和开放性：英美文学强调个体的自由和独立思考，在作品中反映了社会、政治和文化的变革。
自由主义和个人主义的精神贯穿在英美文学的历史中。
3.注重个人感受和情感表达：英美文学注重个人感受和情感表达，通过描写人物内心的矛盾和困惑，展示了人性的复杂和多样性。
二、英美文学的重要时期和代表作品1. 文艺复兴时期（16世纪）文艺复兴时期是英美文学的重要里程碑，代表作品有：•威廉·莎士比亚的剧作《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等，深刻地反映了人性的复杂性和命运的无常。
•约翰·米尔顿的史诗《失乐园》，通过对上帝、撒旦和亚当夏娃的描写，揭示了人类的原罪和思想的自由。
2. 浪漫主义时期（18世纪末至19世纪初）浪漫主义时期是英美文学的重要发展阶段，代表作品有：•威廉·华兹华斯的诗集《抒情诗选集》，强调对自然和个人感受的表达，展现了对自由和灵魂的渴望。
•简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》，通过对社会等级和女性地位的描写，呈现了封建社会的弊端。
3. 现代主义时期（20世纪初至中期）现代主义时期是英美文学的革命性时期，代表作品有：•弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说《至灵之泉》，以流动的意识流体式叙述，探索了心灵的迷茫和现代社会的困惑。
•T·S·艾略特的诗集《荒原》，通过对现代社会的批判和对个体灵魂的探索，反映了人类在现代社会中的孤独和迷失。
三、英美文学的重要作家和代表作1. 威廉·莎士比亚（1564-1616）威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的剧作家之一，代表作品有：•《哈姆雷特》：探讨了人性的矛盾和命运的无常，是世界戏剧史上最重要的作品之一。
英美文学史复习资料
英美文学史复习资料英国文学史资料I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫Artistic features:ing alliteration头韵ing metaphor暗喻and understatement含蓄陈述Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟The founder of English poetry.三个阶段：1 <The Romaunt of the Rose>玫瑰传奇2<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德longest complete poem3 <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：Significance :first time to use …heroic couplet‟(英雄双韵体) by middle EnglishII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Euro pe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.0. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
《英美文学》复习纲要
《英美文学》复习纲要I. Define the following terms1. Lake poets:2. Pre-romanticism:3. Romanticism:4. Byronic heroes5.: Critical Realism:6. Dramatic monologue7. Neo-romanticism8. Naturalism9. Aestheticism10 Stream of consciousness11. .Imagism12. American PuritanismII. Reading comprehension：Passage1O my luve is like a red, red rose,That‟s newly sprung in June;O my luve is like the melodieThat‟s sweetly played in tune.2As fair thou art , my bonie lass,So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a‟ the seas gang dry.3Till a‟ the seas gang dry, my dear ,And the rocks melt wi‟ the sun;And I will luve thee still , my dear,While the sands o‟life shall r un.4And fare thee weel,my only luve,And fare thee weel awhile;And I will come again, my luve,Tho‟it were ten thousand mile!Questions:1.The poem is entitled____________, written by ______________.2.The theme of the poem is about ________.3.The poem is written in _________dialect.4.The rhythm used in the odd-numbered lines is ______ while that used in the even-numbered lines is __________.5.The rhyme scheme employed in the first two stanzas of the poem is ____ and that employed in the last two stanzas is ___6.List two rhetorical devices used in the poem with one example each.Passage 2For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude,And then my heart with pleasure fillsAnd dances with the _______.…”Questions:1. Identify the poet and the title of the poem. (2 points)2. What is the last word at the end of the line? (1 points)3. What is the metrical pattern and rhyme scheme of the above excerpt? (4 points)4. Please paraphrase this stanza. (3 points)Passage 3She lived unknown, and few could knowWhen Lucy ceased to be;But she is in her grave, and oh,The difference to me!1) Who was the writer?2) What is the name/ title of the poem?3) What does “and oh, /The difference to me!” imply?4) Why the writer use “unknown” and “know” in the same line?Passage 4I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket bear a second part;They kept one tune and played on the same string.Seeming to glory in their little art.Small creatures abject thus their voices raise,And in their kind resound their Maker' s praise,Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higher lays?Questions:1.This is the ninth of the "Contemplations" written by an early American womanwriter. What is her name?2.Make a brief comment on this short poem.Passage 5HuswiferyMake me, O Lord, thy spinning wheel complete.Thy holy word my distaff make for me.Make mine affections thy swift flyers neat,And make my soul thy holy spool to be.My conversation make to be thy reel,And reel the yam thereon spun of thy wheel. Questions:1. Identify the poet of this poem.2. Make a brief comment on this poemPassage 6Sunset and evening star,And one clear call for me!And may there be no moaning of the bar,When I put out to sea,But such a tide as moving seems asleep,Too full for sound and foam,When that which drew from out the boundless deepTurns again home.Twilight and evening bell,And after that the dark!And may there be no sadness of farewell,When I embark;For though from out our bourne of Time and PlaceThe flood may bear me far,I hope to see my Pilot face to faceWhen I have crossed the bar.Questions:1.Who is the author and what is the title of the poem?2. What are the images of the end of life in the poem?3. What is the theme of the poem?Passage 7"Standing on the bare ground—my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted in to infinite space—all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparenteye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal being circulatethrough me; I am part or particle of God. "1. Which work is this selection taken from?2. How do you understand the philosophical ideas in these words?Passage 8The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.Questions:1.Who is the writer of this poem? _______________2.What is the title of this poem? _______________3.What images in this poem suggest Haiku poetry and what images are “modern”?4.What is the effect of the parallel between lines one and two of the poem? And whatfeeling and meaning does the poem express to you?III. Questions and Answers.1. What is the significance of Preface to Lyrical Ballads?(In the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth set forth his principles of poetry. He based his own poetical theory on the premise that good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. He appealed directly to individual sensation as the foundation in the creation and appreciation of poetry. Ordinary peasants and children may be used as subjects in the poetic creation. As to the language used in poetry, Wordsworth endeavored to bring language near to the real language of men.)2. What does “She” (referring to Lucy) in“She Dwelt Among the Untroden Ways” imply?3. What is the theme of “She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways”?4. “I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!/ A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed/ One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.” The a bove quotation is taken from Shelley‟s poem …Ode to the West wind”. What does the underlined part mean?5. Why did Shelley wish to be “a dead leaf”, “a swift cloud” and asked the West wind to “lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud”?6. What is the image of “nightingale” in Keats‟“Ode to a Nightingale”?7. What are Austen‟s writing features Jane Austen?(She is one of the realistic novelists. She drew vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the country society in her novels. Austen‟s work has a very narrow literary field. She confines herself to small country parishes, whose simple country people became the characters of her novels, but within her own field, she is unrivaled. Her novels show a wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire. Her pots are straight-forward; there is little action. Her characters are like real living creatures, with faults and virtues mixed as they are in real life. Her prose flows easily and naturally. Her dialogue is admirably true to life.)8. Why does William Makepeace Thackeray give one of his novels the title Vanity Fair and the subtitle “Novel without a Hero”?9. What is the character Rebecca Sharp?What is your opinion on the character Rebecca Sharp?10. What are the major contributions made by the 19th century critical realists?(The major contribution is their perfection of the novel. Like the realists of the 18th century, the 19th century critical realist made use of the form of novel of full and detailed representations of social and political events, and of the fate of individuals and of whole social classes. However, the realistic novels of the 19th century went a step further than those of the 18th century in that they not only pictured the conflicts between individuals who stood for definite social strata, but also showed the broad social conflicts over and above the fate of mere individuals. Their artistic representation of vital social movements such as Chartism, and their vivid description of the dramatic conflicts of the time make the 19th century realistic nov el “the epic of the bourgeois society”.)11. What is the significance of American Puritanism in American literature?12. Please make a brief statements of English critical realism.13. Please summarize the main principles of Mathew Arnold‟s literary criticism .14.Pease make a brief summary of the principles of Imagist movement .15.What are the main features of New England Transcendentalism.IV. Topic Discussione examples from Oliver Twist to illustrate the major themes of the novel.2.Please retell the story of The Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens , andthen make comments on it on the terms of its theme and characterization.3.Please retell the story of Vanity Fair written by W. M. Thackeray , and then makecomments on it on the terms of its theme and characterization.4.Please retell the story of Jane Eyre, and then make comments on it on the termsof its theme and characterization.5.Please retell the story of Wuthering Height, and then make comments on it on theterms of its theme and characterization.6.Please retell the story of Scarlet Letter, and then make comments on it on theterms of its theme and characterization.。
英美文学复习总结资料.docx
姜（8夂禽1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明•富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard's Almanack 穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth 致富之道；The Autobiography 自传2、Thomas Paine托马斯•潘恩1737-1809Common Sense 常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man 人的权利：The Age of Reason 理性时代4> Washington Irving华盛顿•欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史.... 美国人与的龙部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book 见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡谷的传说---- 使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家5、James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯•费尼莫尔•库珀1789-1851 The Spy 间谍;The Piloi•领航者;Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer 拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans 最后的莫希干A;The Prairie 大草原;The Pathfinder 探路者;The Deerslayer 杀鹿者7、Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加•爱伦•坡1809-1849 （以诗为诗;永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人——叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 怪诞奇异故事集;Tales 故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌；Annabel Lee安娜贝尔•李 .. 歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头The Raven and Other Poems 乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven 乌鸦；To Hellen 致海伦8、Ralf Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然一-一新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul 论超灵;Self-reliance 论自立;The Transcendentalist 超验主义者Representative Men 代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn 康考德颂;The Rhodo 杜鹃花;The Humble Bee 野蜂;Days 日子■首开自由诗之先河9・ Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔•霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales 尽人皆知的故事:Mosses from an Old Manse 古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown 年轻的古徳曼•布朗;The Scarlet Letter 红字;TheHouse of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子 ---------- 心理若们罗曼10、Henry David Threau 亨利•大卫•梭罗1817-1862 Wadden.or Life in the Woods 华腾湖或林中生活Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience 抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers11、Walt Whitman沃尔特•惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass 草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe 阔斧之歌;T hear America Singing 我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom'd 小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas 民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question 流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌12、Herman Melville 赫尔曼•梅尔维尔1819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale 莫比•辿克/白鲸；Typee 泰比;Omoo 奥穆;Mardi 玛地;Redburn 得本;White Jacket 白外衣:Pierre 皮尔埃；Piazza 广场故事；Billy Budd比利•巴徳13 、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利•沃兹沃思•朗费罗1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌——美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night 夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens 民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems 布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗:Tales of a Ways ide Inn路边客栈的故事…诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Reveres Ride保罗•里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish边尔斯•斯坦迪什的求婚——叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇…反蓄奴组诗14、John Greenleaf Whittier 约翰•格林里夫•惠蒂埃1807-1892 Poems Written During the Progress of the Abol计ion Question 废奴问题;Voice of Freedom 自由之声;In War Time and Other Poems 内战时期所作;Snow-Bound 大雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems 海滩的帐篷Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬口 E园诗17、Emily Dickinson 埃米莉•迪金森1830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson 埃米莉•迪金森诗集--- ''Tell all the truth and tell it slant0迂回曲折的，玄学的18、Mark Twain 马克•吐温(Samuel Longhorne Clemens) ■一美国文学的一大里程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocenfs Abroad 傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆•索耳B历险记;The Prince and the Pauper 王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利•费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court 亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Puddnhead Wilson 傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉哒克;The Man That Corr叩ted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事一-对美国早期幽默文学的总结19、Francis Bret Harte 哈特1836-1902The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿 ---- 乡土文学作家23、Henry James享利澹姆斯1843-1916 小说：Daisy Miller 苔瑟•米乐；The Portrait of a Lady 贵妇人画像；The Bostonians 波士顿人;The Real Thing and Other Tales 真货色及其他故事; The Wings of the Dove 鸽翼；The Ambassadors 大使；The Golden Bowl 金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits 不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews 札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays 小说艺术29、O Henry 欧•享利（WilliamSidney Porter） 1862-1910The Man Higher Up 黄雀在后;Sixes and Sevens 七上八下38、Theodore Dreiser 西奥多•德莱塞1871-1945 Sister Carrie 嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt 珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲（Financer 金融苑The Titan 巨人,The Stoic）;An American Tragedy 美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）；Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗40Jack London 杰克•伦敦1876-1916 The Son of the Wolf 狼之子“The Call of the Wild 野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf 海狼;White Fang 白礫牙;The People of the Abyss 深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel 铁蹄;Marti Eden 马丁•伊登;How I become a Socialist 我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命:Love of LJfe热爱生UP；The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下45^ Robert Frest罗伯特•弗罗斯特1874-1963 A Boy's Wish 少年心愿；North of Boston 波士顿之北（Mending Wall 修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之后）;Mountain Interval 山间（成熟阶段）（The Road Not taken没有选择的道路）；West-running Brook 西流的溪涧;A Further Range 又一片牧场;A Witness Tree 一株作证的树46、Sherwood Anderson 舍伍德•安德森1876-1941 Windy McPhersons Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Men前进屮的人1fJ;Mid-American Chants 美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White穷苦的白人;Many Marriages多种婚姻;bark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories 鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories 林屮之死及其他故事;]Want to Know Why 我想知道为什么50、William Carlos Williams 威廉•卡罗斯•威廉斯1883-1963 收入Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第一部诗选）诗集:Sour Grapes;Spring and All 春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love 爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel 布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson 佩特森（5 卷长诗）;AsphodaLThat Green Flower 常青花日光乂（长诗）名诗：Red Wheelbarrow 红色手推车;The Widow's Lament in Spring 寡妇的春怨；The Dead Baby;The Sparrow z to My Father 麻雀一致父亲proletarian Portrait 无产阶级画像（from An Early Martyr 先驱）；The Great American Novels 伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain 美国性格;Autobiography 自传56、Katherine Anne Porter 凯瑟琳•安•波特1890-1980 Flowering Judas 开花的紫荆花（Maria Conception;The Jitting of Granny Weatherall ） ;Pale Horse.Pale Rider;Leaning Tower and Other Stories ------------- TheCollected Stories of K A PorterShip of Fools 愚人船（唯一的一部长篇小说）;The Never Ending Wrong 千古奇冤（回忆录）59、E Cumings 肯明斯1894-1962 Tulips anddd Chimneys 郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room 人房间;XL】Poems 诗41 首;Viva 万岁;No, Thanks 不，谢谢;Collected Poems 诗集;Eimi 爱米（访苏游记）63、William Faulkner 威廉•福克纳1897-1962 The Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）jSoldiers* Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣:As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）65、Ernest Hemingway 欧内斯特•海明威1899-1961 （”迷惘的一代“的代表人物）In Our Time 在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring 春潮;The Sun Also Rises 太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms 永别了,武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing 月生者无所获;The Fifth Column and First FortStories 第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论：To Have and Have Not 贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast 到处逍遥68、Langston Hughes 詹姆斯•兰斯顿•休斯1902-1969 Mulatto 混血儿（剧本）;The Weary Blues 疲倦的歌声:bear Lovely Death 亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander 我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普尔精选87.Saul Bellow 索尔•贝娄1915・长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The Victim受害者;TheAdventure of Augie March 奥基•马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King 雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr Summlars Planet塞姆勒先生的行星jHumboldfsGift洪堡的礼物中篇小说:Seize the bay且乐今朝88、Arthur Miller 阿瑟•米勒1915- Situation Normal 情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck 吉星高照的人;All My Sons 都是我的儿子;The Death of a Salesman 推销员;The Crucible 严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A View from the Bridge桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays 两个星期一的冋忆:After the Fall 堕落之后incident at Vichy 维希事件;The Price 代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business 创世及其他;The Archbishop's Ceiling 大主教的天花板;The American Clock 美国时钟89、Robert Lowell 罗伯特•洛厄尔1917-1977 诗：Lord Wearys Castle威尔利老爷的城堡;Life Studies人生探索名篇：For Sale;Walking in the Blue;For the Union Dead 献给联邦死难士f 自白诗运动90、J D Salinger 杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格1919- 短篇小说：The Young Folks年轻人短篇小说集：Nine Stories故事九篇屮篇小说：Franny 弗兰尼;Zooey 卓埃;Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters 木匠们，把屋梁升高:Seymour：An Introduction 两摩其人长篇小说：The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者102^ Allen Ginsburg 艾伦•金斯堡1926- 诗集：Howl and Other Poems 嚎叫及其他（America）（The Beat Generation 垮掉的一代的宣言书和代表作）；Kaddish and Other Poems卡第绪及其他;Plannet News行星消息;The Fall of America美国的衰弱105> Martin Luther King Jr 马丁•路德・金1929-1968 I Have a Dream；Stride Toward Freedom 迈向自由;Strength to Love 爱的力量;Why We Cant Wait?;Where Do We Go from Here,Chaos or Community?今后我们何去何从，纷争还是团结？111、Sam Shepard萨姆•谢泼德1943・剧本：Cowboys牛仔;The Rock Garden岩石花园;Cowboys #2牛仔第二号［Chicago 芝加哥Operation Sidewinder 响尾蛇行动;Meloddrama 情节剧112. Sylvia Plath西尔维亚•普拉斯1932・1963（confessional school自白派）诗集：The Colossus巨人集:Ariel阿里尔集（Daddy;Lady Lazarus拉扎勒斯夫人）;The Uncollected Poems 杂诗集［Crossing the Water 涉水;Winter Trees 小说：The Bell Jar钟形玻璃罩（自传体小说）名诗：Death & Co死亡公司114、Le Roi Jones勒罗依•琼斯1934・诗集:The Dead Lecturer已故的讲师;Black Magic黑色魔术（Incident事件）剧本：Dutchman;The Slave;The Motion of History 历史的运动117> Alice Walker 沃克1944-长篇小说：TheThird Life of Grange Copeland格兰治科普兰的第三次生活;Meridian 梅丽迪安;The Color Purple 紫色名文：The Civil RightsMovement： What Good Was It?短篇小说集:In Love and Trouble 相爱与苦恼;You Cant Keep a Good WomanDown 好女人永不屈服散文集：In Search of Our Mothers*Gardens诗集：Once有一次Revolutionary Petunias革命的牵牛花传记：。
英美文学复习
英美文学复习–掌握重点文学术语、文学潮流、文学形式各个时期的重要作家和作品重要作品的主题、人物和写作特点–学会分析人物从人物外表、言论、行动、态度、内心思想活动及其矛盾冲突等方面去分析，适当地结合作品的主题、结构及人物在作品中所处的地位学会分析作品–分析诗歌时重点注意：speaker, tone, images, metaphors, symbols, themes and rhetorical devices等方面的内容–分析故事或小说要注意：setting, plot, character, structure, point of view, style and themes 等方面的内容。
注意比较分析–英美文学的比较英美的浪漫主义比较英美的自然主义比较现实主义与自然主义比较等–作家的比较马克.土温与詹姆斯的比较–作品人物的比较Hester Prynne and Sister Carrie 注意作品、作家辨认题–从作家的语言风格着手：diction, syntax, figures of speech, etc.– My thoughts were now wholly employed about securing myself against either savages, if any s hould appear, or wild beasts, if any were in the island; and I had many thoughts of the method how to do this and what kind of dwelling to make, whether I should make me a cave in the earth or a te nt upon the earth: and, in short, I resolved upon both, the manner and description of which it may not be improper to give an account of.– I have not broken your heart—you have broken it—and in breaking it, you have broken mine. So much the worse for me, that I am strong. Do I want to live What kind of living will it be when you—oh, God! would you like to live with your soul1 in the grave– With Blue—uncertain stumbling Buzz—– Between the light—and me—– And then the Windows failed—and then – I could not see to see—。
英美文学复习提纲
英美文学复习一、连线（重点）1.Benjamin Franklin（The Autobiography）2.Ralph Waldo Emerson（Nature；Self-Reliance）3.Henry David Thoreau（Walden）4.Edgar Allan Poe（The Raven）5.Nathaniel Hawthorne（the Minister’s Black Veil；The Scarlet Letter）6.Herman Melville（Moby Dick）7. Emily Dickinson (Wild Nights-Wild Nights!; A Bird Came down to the Wall; I Died for Beauty—But Was Scarce; Because I could Not Stop for Death)8.William Faulkner（A Rose for Emily）9. Arthur Miller (Death of a Salesman)1. Jonathan Edwards——Sinner in the Hands of Angry God/ freedom of will/the doctrine of original defended/the nature of true virture2. Benjamin Franklin——The Autobiography3. Ralph Waldo Emerson-Nature/ Self-Reliance/ the conduct of life/ representing men4. Henry David Thoreau-Walden/ civil disobedience/5. Edgar Allan Poe-The Raven/ annabel lee/ ulalume6.Nathaniel Hawthorne-the Minister’s Black V eil/ The Scarlet Letter/mosses from an old mansion/ the house of the seven gables/ twice-told tales/the marble faun7. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow--A psalm of life/ Evangeline/ the courtship of miles standish8. Herman Melville-Moby Dick/redburn/ Typee/Mardi/Billy Budd/9. Emily Dickinson-Wild Nights-Wild Nights! /Because I could Not Stop for Death/ a bird came down the walk/ I died for beauty-But was scarce10.Walt Whitman-When I heard the learn'd astronomer11. Stephen Crane- The Red Badge of Courage/ cavalry crossing a Ford12.Jack London-The Law of Life/the peope of the abyss/ war of the classes/the iron heel/revolution/the sea wolf/ the call of the wild13.Ezra Pound-In a station of the Metro/personae/ hugh selwyn/ the cantos/14. Robert Frost-The Road Not T aken\ Fire and Ice\ Mending Wall\Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening15. Thomas Stearns Eliot--the love song of J. Alfred Prufrock16. Sherwood Anderson--Sophistication, concering Helen White17.Ernest Hemingway-A Clean, W ell-lighted Place18. William Faulkner-death of a Salesma/ A rose for Emily二、填空独立前：1、早期英国殖民文学时期(1620-1820)Early colonial American literatureLiterature of Puritan New EnglandThe literature of hte age of reason and Enlightenment (1721-1826)美国独立战争之后：2、美国浪漫主义和超验主义时期（1820-1865）重点美国浪漫主义背景：主要战争///西进运动////工业化进程American Romanticism:American transcendentalism:（哲学化的浪漫主义）3、美国现实主义和自然主义(1865--1914)背景：美国内战(civil war)、达尔文进化论(Darwin's theory of evolution)、镀金时代（the gilded age）经济发展、移民(immigration)American realism :and American naturalism4、美国现代主义（1914-1945）背景：一战、城市化、移民、科技进步、现代科学的增长、弗洛伊德、德国卡尔马克思的影响1910s:Imagism意象主义1920s: Lost generationHarlem Renaissance 哈莱姆复兴运动（体现黑人意识觉醒）1930s: The Depression 大萧条The New Deal 罗斯福新政The Leftists 左派5、战后美国文学（1945-）背景：1960s counterculture movement反正统文化运动1970s Stagflation 经济滞涨The Me Decade1980s 科技进步，互联网技术Late 20th century the Beats :"beat generation" 垮了的一代Postmodernism 后现代主义三、名词解释(书上没有确切的概念，老师说尽量多答点，每个至少要答5-6句话) Transcendentalism: T is an idealistic philosophical and social movement which developed in New England around 1836in Platonism, ad Kantian philosophy, it taught that divinity pervades all nature views or feminism and communal living. Ralph Wwaldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were central figures.Naturalism：under the influences of Charles Darwin's evolution theory and Herbert Spencer's application of Darwin's theory in social relations, naturalists are especially concerned with how human being strives to find meaning in their experiences, how people fight against environment and other external forces, and what elements make people who and what they are.PuritansIndividualismLost generation: this is a term "applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the yearsfollowing the WWI, who rebelled against former ideals and values, but could replace them only by despair or a cynical hedonism ".American Realism: R reacts against romanticism and sentimentalism. It express the concern for the commonplace, and for the familiar and the low. Features: versimilitude of detail derived from observation; a reliance on the representative in plot, setting and character; an objective rather than an idealizedview of human nature and experienceThe Gilded Age:In American history, the Gilded Age refers to the era of rapid economic and population growth in the United States during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction eras of the late 19th century. The name refers to the process of gilding an object with a superficial layer of gold and is meant to make fun of ostentatious display while playing on the term "golden age." American Enlightenment:it was a time when people gradually turned cool toward organized religion and became critical of governments. They palced their faith in the achievement of a new science. Its percepts can be found in the philosophy of Descartes and the wiritng of V olaire. American Romanticism四、问答5选21、Self-Reliance 表达的思想：Emerson believes in goodness and divinity in man who has access to God, the Universal Self. Since man is particle of God, he is able to rely on himself that is transcendental, noble and independent of external influence.2、浪漫主义的特点Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies a source of corruption.1. Romanticism is characterized by a rejection on formal classical approaches to literature. It emphasizes sentiment over reason and views art as essentially an expression of the artist's thought and feeling.2. Romanticism has a tendency to exalt the individual and an increasing interest in the value. It views the individual at the very center of all life and all experience and tends to place him at the center of art.It regards literature as an expression of his thought ad feelings, and values it accuracy in portraying his experience.3. Romanticism emphasizes the individual's natural genius and his power of imagination,seeing art as a formulation of initiative imaginative perceptions that tend to speak a nobler truth than that of fact and logic.4. Romanticism sees nature as the relation of God to the individual.3、超验主义的特点P51The ultimate characteristic of transcedentalism is "the belief that man can intuitively transcend the limits of the scenes and those of logic, and the mundane methods of knowing". T has been defined philosophically as the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.4、富兰克林的The AutobiographyTemperance节制eat not to dullness. Drink not to ElevationSilence沉默speak not but what benefit others or yourself. Avoid trifling conversationOrder生活秩序let all your things have their places. Let each of your business have its timeResolution决心resolve to perform what you ought. Perform without fail waht you resolve.Frugality俭朴make no expense but to do good to others or yourself: i.e, wasted nothingIndustry勤勉lose no time. Be always employed in something useful. Cut off al unnecessary actions.Sincerity诚恳use no hurtful deceit. Think innocently and justly; and, if you speak, speak accordinglyJustice公正wrong none, by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty Moderation中庸适度avoid extremes. Forbear resenting. Injuries so much as you think they deserve.Cleanliness清洁tolerate no uncleanliness in body, cloths or habitationsTranquility镇静be not disturbed at trifles, or accidents common or unavoidable. Chastity贞节rarely use venery but for health or offspring. Never to dullness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.Humility谦虚imitate Jesus and Socrates.5、nature 人与自然的关系：还没找到诶。
英美文学复习资料
英美文学复习资料英美文学复习资料英美文学是世界文学史上的重要组成部分，包含了许多经典的文学作品和作家。
通过复习英美文学，我们可以更好地了解西方文化和思想，同时也能够提升自己的语言表达能力和文学素养。
本文将为大家提供一些英美文学复习资料，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
一、英国文学1. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》。
这些作品被誉为世界文学的瑰宝，展现了莎士比亚独特的戏剧才华和对人性的深刻洞察。
2. 简·奥斯汀的小说：《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。
奥斯汀以细腻的笔触和幽默的描写，刻画了当时英国社会的风貌和女性的处境，成为英国文学的代表作家之一。
3. 查尔斯·狄更斯的小说：《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等。
狄更斯以其对社会问题的关注和对人性的揭示而闻名，他的作品揭示了当时英国社会的黑暗面，对社会改革产生了深远影响。
4. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说：《达洛维夫人》、《到灯塔去》等。
伍尔夫以其独特的意识流写作风格和对女性问题的关注，开创了现代主义小说的新篇章。
二、美国文学1. 马克·吐温的小说：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。
吐温以其幽默风趣和对美国社会的讽刺洞察而受到广泛赞誉，他的作品展现了美国南方的风土人情和对奴隶制度的批判。
2. 埃米莉·迪金森的诗歌：迪金森的诗歌充满了哲思和深度，她以其独特的写作风格和对生死、爱情等主题的探索而成为美国文学的重要代表。
3. 威廉·福克纳的小说：《喧哗与骚动》、《押沙龙，押沙龙！》等。
福克纳以其复杂的叙事结构和对南方社会的描绘而被誉为美国文学的巨匠，他的作品展现了南方社会的衰落和黑暗。
4. 托尼·莫里森的小说：《亲爱的》、《宠儿》等。
莫里森以其对种族、性别和身份问题的关注而成为美国文学的重要代表，她的作品揭示了美国社会的不公和歧视。
三、阅读技巧和复习建议1. 阅读经典作品时，要注重对文本细节的理解和分析。
英美文学复习题
英美文学复习题英美文学是一门丰富而广阔的学科，涵盖了众多经典作品和重要的文学思潮。
以下是一些常见的英美文学复习题，帮助您巩固和加深对这一领域的理解。
一、英国文学部分1、简述《坎特伯雷故事集》的主要内容和艺术特色。
《坎特伯雷故事集》是英国文学史上的经典之作，作者是杰弗雷·乔叟。
这部作品以一群朝圣者在前往坎特伯雷的旅途中讲故事为框架，展现了 14 世纪英国社会的各个层面。
故事内容丰富多样，包括爱情、冒险、宗教、道德等方面。
其艺术特色在于生动的人物刻画、多样化的故事题材和幽默风趣的语言。
乔叟通过不同人物的讲述，展现了他们的性格特点和社会地位，使读者能够深入了解当时的社会风俗和人性。
2、分析莎士比亚悲剧作品中主人公的命运和性格特点。
莎士比亚的悲剧作品如《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》等闻名于世。
以哈姆雷特为例，他是一个充满矛盾和思考的人物。
他优柔寡断，一方面对复仇犹豫不决，另一方面又有着强烈的道德责任感和对真理的追求。
这种性格特点最终导致了他的悲剧命运。
而奥赛罗则是一个被嫉妒和轻信所蒙蔽的人物，他的冲动和盲目自信使他失去了理智，酿成了悲剧。
李尔王的刚愎自用和对权力的错误认知，使他在晚年遭受了巨大的痛苦。
3、谈谈弥尔顿的《失乐园》对宗教和人性的探索。
《失乐园》是弥尔顿的代表作之一。
这部作品以史诗的形式讲述了亚当和夏娃被逐出伊甸园的故事。
弥尔顿在其中对宗教进行了深入的思考，探讨了上帝的意志、人类的原罪以及自由意志等问题。
同时，也展现了人性的弱点和挣扎，如撒旦的骄傲和叛逆，亚当和夏娃的欲望和犯错后的忏悔。
4、 18 世纪英国现实主义小说的发展和代表作家。
18 世纪是英国现实主义小说兴起的时期，代表作家有丹尼尔·笛福、乔纳森·斯威夫特和亨利·菲尔丁等。
笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》讲述了主人公在荒岛上的生存经历，展现了人类的坚韧和智慧。
斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》通过奇幻的冒险故事讽刺了当时的社会现实。
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英国文学Multiple Choice1. ____refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality.A. AllegoryB. ConflictC. IronyD. Flashback2. Shakespeare’s four great tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, ______ and ___.A. King Lear…Romeo and JulietB. King Lear…MacbethC. King John…Julius CaesarD. King John…The Merchant of Venice3. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT____A. DublinersB. A Potrait of the Artist as a Y oung ManC. Jude the ObscureD. Ulysses4. Which of the follwing poets is different from the others?A. John DonneB. John KeatsC. Lord ByronD. Percy Bysshe Shelley5. William Wordsworth is an English ____A. poetB. novelistC. playwrightD. critic6. Hardy’s best local-colored works are very known as “novels of character and _____.”（）A. personalityB. natureC. domestic lifeD. environment7. My Last Duchess is a monologue poem written by ____A. William ShakespeareB. Robert BrowingC. Ben JonsonD. Robert Herrick8. "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by ____A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe Shelley9. Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by ____A. Christopher MarlowB. John MiltomC. William ShakespeareD. Ben Johnson10. James Joyce mostly wrote about his hometown ____A. LondonB. DublinC. New Y orkD. Edinburgh11.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is not such an event?A. The rediscovery of ancient Rome and Greek culture.B. England's domestic rest.C. New discovery in geography and astrology.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.12.Which of the following is regarded as the most successful religious allegory in the English language.A. The Pilgrim's ProgressB. Grace Abounding to the Chief ofSinnersC. The Life and Death of Mr. BadmanD. The Holy War13. It is alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Martin LutherC. William LanglandD. John Gower14. In “Araby”, Joyce’s diction evokes a sort of ______ quality that characterizes the boy on this otherwise altogether ordinary shopping trip. ( )A. moralB. sentimentalC. vulgarD. religious15.It is generally regarded that Keats's most important and mature poems are in the form of .A. elegyB. odeC. epicD. sonnet16.Daniel Defoe's novels mainly focus on .A. the struggle of the unfortunate for mere existenceB. the struggle of the shipwrecked persons for securityC. the struggle of the pirates for wealthD. the desire of the criminals for property17. In Beowulf, ( ) fought against the monster Grendel and a fivebreathing dragon.A. the Anglo-SaxonsB. BeowulfC. the ScandinavianD. the Winter Dragon18.Francis Bacon is best known for his ( ) which greatly influenced the development of this literary form.A. essaysB. poemsC. works D plays19 Most of Thomas Hardy's novels are set in Wessex .A. a crude region in EnglandB. a fictional primitive regionC. a remote rural areaD. Hardy's hometown20. "Blindness", "partiality", "prejudice", and "absurdity" in the novel "Pride and Prejudice" are most likely the characteristics of .A. ElizabethB. DarcyC. Mr. BennetD. Mrs. Bennet21.Who is not the major figure of modernist movement?A. EliotB. JoyceC. Charles DickensD. Pound22. Who is considered to be the best known English dramatist since Shakespeare?A. Oscar WildeB. John GalsworthyC. W.B. YeatsD. George Bernard Shaw23. Of the following poets, which is not regarded as "Lake Poets"?A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SouthyC. William WordsworthD. John Byron24. In the first part of Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver told his experience in .A. LilliputB. BrobdingnagC. HouyhnhnmD. England25. Which of the following cannot describe "Byronic hero"?A. proudB. mysteriousC. noble origin D progressive26. In the history of literature, Romanticism is generally regarded as .A. the thought that designates指定 a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience.B. the thought that designates man as a social animalC. the orientation that emphasizes those features which men have in commonD. the modes of thinking27. The term "metaphysical poetry" is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of .A. John MiltonB. John DonneC. John KeatsD. John Bunyan28. Which of the following plays by Shakespeare is history play?A. Julius CaesarB. The Merry Wives of WindsorC. Henry IVD. King Lear29. Who is regarded as a "worshipper of nature".A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Jane Austen30. Which of the following writing is not the work by Charles Dickens?A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. Hard TimesC. Oliver TwistD. Sons and LoversDefinition:Romanticism: English Romanticism is a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason. The French Revolution and the English Industrial Revolution exert great influence on English Romanticism. The romanticists express a negative attitude towards the existing social or political conditions. They place the individual at the center of art. The key words of English Romanticism are nature and imagination. English Romantic Period officially began with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge.Critical Realism:Critical realism is one of the literary trends that flourished mainly in the 19th century. The great critical realists described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint. They often start with a powerful exposure of the ugliness of the bourgeois world in theirworks,but end their novels usually with happy endings or an impotent compromise.Dramatic Monologue:Dramatic monologue in poetry, also known as a persona poem, refers to a lyric poem in which a speaker addresses himself to one or several listeners who don’t reply. Such poems not only tell stories but also reveal the personality of each character. Modernism: an international literary trend, prevailed in the main Western capitalist countries from 1890 to 1950. 1.This literary trend reveals a breaking away from established rules, traditions and conventions.2. The modernist works express the crisis of Western culture and the thought of innovation and stress on expressing the inner world of people. 3.The major representatives of modernism in English literature include T. S. Eliot, W. B. Yeats, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, etc.Metafiction:refers to a fiction about fiction or about making a fiction. On the one hand, it tells the reader the story, on the other hand, it tells the reader how the story is made.Stream of consciousness:The style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them.1.C2.B3.C4.A5.A.6.C.7.B.8.A.9.B 10.B. 11.B. 12. A 13.A14.C 15.B16.B 17.B 18.A 19.D 20. D 21.C 22.D23.D 24.A 25.D 26.A 27. B 28.C 29.C 30.D。