2020年英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及解析(6)
2020年6月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题
2020年6月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题（1）10 Ways Obama Could Fight Climate Change[A] One of the biggest surprises of President Barack Obama's inaugural address,on Monday was how much he focused on fighting climate change, spending more time on that issue than any other. "We will respond to the threat of climate change, knowing that the failure to do so would betray our children and future generations," Obama said. The President pointed out that recent severe weather supplied an urgent impetus for energy innovation and staked the nation's economic future on responding to a changing climate. "We cannot cede to other nations the technology that will power new jobs and new industries--we must claim its promise," Obama said. '" That's how we will maintain our economic vitality and our national treasure--our forests and waterways; our croplands and snowcapped (山顶积雪的) peaks. That is how we will preserve our planet, commanded to our care by God. " so what could the President reasonably do to deliver on that vow? Here are ten of their suggestions:Sunset coal with new incentives and regulations.[B] "Provide incentives to phase out the oldest, most polluting power plants," said Robert Jackson, a climate scientist at Duke University. It's already happening, to some degree, as more of the nation transitions to natural gas. Earth scientist Bill Chameides, dean of Duke's Nicholas School of the Environment and a former chief scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund, urges the administration to use its Clean, Air Act authority to promulgate (颁布)carbon regulations for existing power plants like it has for new ones: "Doing that will force fuel switching from coal to natural gas. "Invest federal stimulus money in nuclear power.[C] It's hardly a perfect fuel, as accidents like Japan's Fukushima fallout have shown, but with safety precautions new nuclear plants can meaningfully offset dirtier types of energy, supporters say."Nuclear is the only short-to medium-term way to really get away from fossil fuels," said Peter Raven. President emeritus of the Missouri Botanical Garden. He said the damage done by relentless global warming will far exceed the damage done by faults in the nuclear system.Kill the Keystone pipeline.[D] The controversial Keystone XL oil pipeline is up for review again by the White House this year. "The font thing he should do to set the tone to a lowercarbon economy is to reject the Keystone pipeline, “said Raymond Pierrehum Bert, a geophysical scientist at the University of Chicago. The pipeline was never going to be a major driver of global emissions, but Pierre humbert and some other environmentalists say that by killing it the President would send a clear message about America's intent to ramp down fossil fuels.Protect the oceans by executive order.[E] Land use is complicated, but large swaths of oceans can be protected by executive order. Just as President George W. Bush designated the world's largest marine monument northwest of Hawaii in 2006. Obama could single-handedly protect other areas. National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Sylvia Earle said the President should focus on parts of the Arctic that are under U. S. control, putting them off limits to energy production, commercial fishing, and mineral exploration. Marine sanctuaries (禁捕区) won't stop climate change, but they can give marine species a better chance of adapting to it by reducing the other man-made threats the animals face.Experiment with capturing carbon.[F] Huge untapped reserves of natural gas and oil make it unlikely that the U. S. will transition away from fossil fuels in the immediate future. Instead, said Wallace Broecker, geology professor at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, we should attack the atmosphere's carbon surplus directly. "Obama could make available funds to build and test prototype air capture units" to capture and store CO2, said Broecker. Removing some carbon from the atmosphere could buy valuable time as policy makers and scientists explore more permanent solutions.Grow government research for new energy sources.[G] The Department of Energy has a nimble program that's tasked with innovative energy research—the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy. The ARPA-E funds research in biofuels, transmission,and battery storage, with an annual budget of $ 275 million. Last year, DOE officials requested at least $ 75 million more. Increasing funding for ARPA-E, said Rare Pomerance, former deputy assistant secretary of state for environment and development and currently an environmental consultant, "you get new technologies that undercut coal, oil, and gas. " Plus, he said, yon get a competitive advantage if American researchersuncover the next big idea in new energy.Tax carbon.[H] Congress would have to agree, but many climate experts say that the most meaningful way to tackle emissions is to set a price on carbon. "We should be asking people to pay the cost of putting carbon into the atmosphere as they buy the fuel," said Josh Willis, climate scientist and oceanographer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. To gain political support for the idea, Obama would probably have to show that the tax wonld help accelerate technology, grow new industries, and pay down the deficit.Dial back the federal government's energy use.[I] With more than I. 8 million employees, $ 500 billion in annual purchasing power, and 500,000 buildings to operate, the federal government has been a leader in reducing energy use since Obama signed a 2009 executive order to cut waste. "I would urge him to keep using the power of government to promote energy conservation," said Syndonia Bret-Harte, an Arctic biologist who studies climate change at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks.Build a scientific clearinghouse for climate information.[J] "I advocate for building a better information system on what is happening and why," said Kevin Tren berth, head of the Climate Analysis Section at the U. S. National Center for Atmospheric Research. That involves compiling observations related to climate change from around the world and using the data to refine climate modeling. Think of it as a one-stop, user-friendly website that clearly demonstrates how weather data from around the globe are influenced by broader shifts in the planet's climate.Keep talking. Despite a consensus among top scientists, the world still needs some convincing on climate change.[K] A CNN poll last week found that just 49 percent of Americans agree that global warming is real and is due to human activities. "The most important thing the President can do is to build on his inaugural comments to heighten the sense of urgency about rapid climate destabilization and clarify its connection to virtually every other issue on the national agenda," said David Orr, environmental studies professor at Oberlin College. That means using the bully clergymen to show how a more volatile climate affects everything from agriculture totransportation to 21st-century warfare.46. The urge to promulgate carbon regulations is aimed at pushing power plants to replace coal by natural gas.47. Marine sanctuaries should be preserved because they help sea species adapt to climate alteration.48. The government should take the responsibility to raise Americans' awareness about climate change.49. Many climate experts believe that the most effective way to lower emission is to tax on carbon.50. Nuclear supporters argue that nuclear system failures are less challenging than global warming.51. Recent extreme weather made President Obama feel it is urgent to address climate change.52. Keystone pipeline should be rejected because it is a signal to reduce fossil fuels.53. Since Obama signed a 2009 executive order to cut waste, the federal government has taken the lead in saving energy.54. Lower carbon emission will be most likely to happen if research in new energy resources succeeds.55. Compared with turning to new energy, America prefers carbon capture and store as a temporary measure.2020年6月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题（2）How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint PresentationsA) Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic and business presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations.The TextB) Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words.Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu.C) Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than e only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body.D) Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: (1) On the File menu, click Save As. (2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only.E) Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background.F) Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using allcapital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.G) Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation.Don’t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to. Run “spell check” on your show when finished.The BackgroundH) Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select a dark-colored background and use any light color for text. Minimize the use of “bells and whistles” such as sound effects, “flying words” and multiple transitions. Don’t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read.The ClipsI) Animations are best used subtly; too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers. Do not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web-use specific words.J) When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships.The PresentationK) If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show. On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save astype list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you’re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu.L) Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible. If using a laser pointer, don’t move it too fast. For examp le, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience. Black out the screen (use “B” on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation.M) You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. To erase everything you’ve drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc] once.MiscellaneousN) Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide” will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers at the “master slide” level. First, go to the “View” menu. Pull down the “Master” menu. Select the “slide master” menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs.1. The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint.2. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should not be complicated.3. In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other.4. A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of the first word.5. Centering bulleted lists or text can not help to read.6. Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.7. When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes.8. When making the presentation, you should look at the audience as possible as you can.9. Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you've drawn.10. In order to meet your presentation needs, you can make changes at the “slide master”level.2020年6月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题（3）Paper--More than Meets the EyeA) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.Paper from WoodD) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greaterthan fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.Paper from RagK) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paperand card can contain undesirable additives.L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood, cotton and rags.3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made froma pulp of cellulose fibres.4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach.5. Liguin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.7. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials.8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive.9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.10. What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.2020年6月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题（4）Definitions of ObesityA: How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.B: The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person's height and weight. The "Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing the person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.C: However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.Health Effects of ObesityD: Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person's physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 ("mature onset diabetes") and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.CancerE: Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations beingwith breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.F: The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman's menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.G: The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!AgingH: Research published by St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman's biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.I: The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat, and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.DementiaJ: Recent research (2005) conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.K: Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk ofcontracting dementia.Other ProblemsL: The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency Caesarean section.M: This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.1. You can judge whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage according to the height-weight table.2. Using the "Body Mass Index"to define a person's weight ideal is limited, because it does not takes into account many variables such as age, gender and ethnic origin.3. A person's emotional well-being would be affected by obesity.4. Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.5. Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer.6. A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added7.4 years to her biological age.7. The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation.8. Obese people in middle age run an increased risk of dementia .9. The predictive test for dementia will help people to affect lifestyle changes that will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.10. The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, will possibly drain economies.。
2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读(网友版共三套)
2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读(网友版共三套) 2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读(网友版共三套)考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题实行核对。
第一套：C 46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.I 47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.E48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.K49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn’t succeed as expected.G 50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.A 51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.G 52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn’t lie in light sources but in their applications.J 53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.D 54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.B 55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.第二套：CLGPH DJBFO第三套：46．Many first-generation college-goers have doubts about their abilities to get a college degree.答案：H47．First-generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.答案：C48．The graduation rate of first-generation students at Nijay’s university was incredibly low.答案：B49．Some top institutions like Yale seem to providefirst-generation students with more support than theyactually need.答案：N50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.答案：A51．Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first generation students.答案：J52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don’t know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.答案：G53．Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first-generation students’ self-confidence.答案：O54. I’m First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.答案：D55. Elite universities distributes information to help first-generation students at a higher rate.答案：M相关推荐：2020年12月英语六级真题及答案专题2020年12月英语四级真题及答案专题2020年12月英语六级成绩查询专题2020年12月英语四级成绩查询专题。
2020年六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及解析(5)
2020年六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及解析(5) Passage OneWords： 1,036EarthquakesA) An earthquake is one of the most terrifying phenomena that nature can dish up. We generally think of the ground we stand on as “rock-solid” and completely stable. An earthquake can shatter (粉碎)that perception instantly, and often with extreme violence.B) Up until relatively recently, scientists only had unproven guesses as to what actually caused earthquakes. Even today there is still a certain amount of mystery surrounding them, but scientists have a much clearer understanding. There has been enormous progress in the past century. Scientists have identified the forces that cause earthquakes, and developed technology that can tell us an earthquake"s magnitude and origin. The next hurdle is to find a way of predicting earthquakes, so they don’t catch people by surprise. In this article, we’ll find out what causes earthquakes, and we’ll also find out why they can have sucha devastating effect on us.C) An earthquake is a vibration(震动)that travels through the earth’s crust. Technically, a large truck that rumbles down the street is causing a mini-earthquake, if you feelyour house shaking as it goes by; but we tend to think of earthquakes as events that affect a fairly large area, suchas an entire city. All kinds of things can cause earthquakes：volcanic eruptions, meteor(流星)impacts, underground explosions (an underground nuclear test, for example), collapsing structures (such as a collapsing mine). But the majority of naturally-occurring earthquakes are caused by movements of the earth’s plates.D) We only hear about earthquakes in the news every once in a while, but they are actually an everyday occurrence on our planet. According to the United States Geological Survey, more than 3 million earthquakes occur every year. That’s about 8,000 a day, or one every 11 seconds! The vast majority of these 3 million quakes are extremely weak. The law of probability also causes a good number of stronger quakes to happen in uninhabited places where no one feels them. It is the bigquakes that occur in highly populated areas that get our attention.E) Earthquakes have caused a great deal of property damage over the years, and they have claimed many lives. In the last hundred years alone, there have been more than 1.5 million earthquake-related fatalities. Usual ly, it’s not the shaking ground itself that claims lives; it’s the associated destruction of man-made structures and other natural disasters it causes, such as tsunamis, avalanches (雪崩)and landslides.F) The biggest scientific breakthrough in the history of seismology—the study of earthquakes—came in the middle of the 20th century, with the development of the theory of plate tectonics(筑造学).Scientists proposed the idea of plate tectonics to explain a number of peculiar phenomena on earth,such as the apparent movement of continents over time, the clustering of volcanic activity in certain areas and the presence of huge ridges at the bottom of the ocean.G) The basic theory is that the surface layer of the earth—the lithosphere—is comprised of many plates thatslide over the lubricating (润滑的)asthenosphere layer. At the boundaries between these huge plates of soil and rock, three different things can happen.H) Plates can move apart. If two plates are moving apart from each other, hot, molten rock flows up from the layers of mantle below the lithosphere. This magma (岩浆) comes out on the surface (mostly at the bottom of the ocean), where it is called lava (熔岩).As the lava cools, it hardens to form new lithosphere material, filling in the gap. This is called a divergent plate boundary.I) Plates can push together. If the two plates are moving toward each other, one plate typically pushes under the other one. This plate below sinks into the lower mantle layers, where it melts. At some boundaries where two plates meet, neither plate is in a position to push under the other, so they both push against each other to form mountains. Thelines where plates push toward each other are called convergent plate boundaries.J) Plates slide against each other. At other boundaries, plates simply slide by each other—one moves north and one moves south, for example. While the plates don’t drift directly into each other at these transform boundaries, they are pushed tightly together. A great deal of tension builds at the boundary.。
全国英语六级考试阅读临考冲刺题
全国英语六级考试阅读临考冲刺题全国英语六级考试阅读临考冲刺题Cunning proceeds from want of capacity.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的全国英语六级考试阅读临考冲刺题，希望能给大家带来帮助!We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could mot. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.11. Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ________.A) was strengthenedB) was not affectedC) was alteredD) was weakened12. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to ________.A) try to control unpleasant stimuliB) turn off the electricityC) behave passively in controllable situationsD) become abnormally suspicious13. The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin was that ________.A) they disliked its tasteB) it affected their immune systemsC) it led to stomach painsD) they associated it with stomachaches14. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader’s experiment was that ________.A) they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharinB) the sweetener was poisonous to themC) their immune systems had been altered by the mindD) they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning15. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals ________.A) can be weakened by conditioningB) can be suppressed by drug injectionsC) can be affected by frequent doses of saccharinD) can be altered by electric shocks参考答案：BCDCA。
英语六级冲刺阅读训练及答案(20篇)资料
一The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate (硅酸盐) that are semi-molten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust There are two kinds of crust, a lower and denser oceanic crust and an upper，lighter continental crust found over only about 40 percent of the Earth's surface. The rocks of the crust are of very different ages. Some continental rocks are over 3,000 million years old, while those of the ocean floor are less than 200 million years old. The crusts and the top, solid part of the mantle, totaling about 70 to 100 kilometers in thickness, at present appear to consist of about 15 rigid plates, 7 of which are very large. These plates move over the semi-molten lower mantleto produce all of the major topographical(地形学的)features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occur are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contactof the plates.There are three main types of zones of contact: spreading contacts where plates move apart, converging contacts where plates move towards each other, and transform contacts where plates slide past each other. Newoceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth' s crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions (爆发) of lava (火山熔岩) at mid-ocean ridges. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents，a rift(裂缝) is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the tea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates moved in opposite directions. When two plates carrying continents collide, the continental blocks,too light to be drawn down, continue to float and therefore buckle (起褶皱) to form a mountain chain along the length of the margin of the plates.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.The Earth’s crust______.A.can be classified into two typesB.is formed along the margins of the platesC.consists of semi-molten rocksD.is about 70 to 100 kilometers thick2.The 15 plates of the Earth are formed from ___.A.the oceanic crusts and continental crustsB.the crusts and the mantleC.the crusts and the top and solid part of the mantleD.the continental crusts and the solid part of the mantle3.Seriously-deformed zones appear _______A.whenever the crusts move over mantleB.when the plates move towards each otherC.in the narrow boundaries where two plates meetD.to be the major topographical feature of the Earth4.According to the second paragraph, the formation of the Atlantic Ocean is the example of_______.A.spreading contactsB.the influence of volcanic eruptionsC.converging contactsD.transform contacts5.This passage is probably_______.A.a newspaper advertisementB.a chapter of a novelC.an excerpt from a textbookD.a scientific report of new findings二A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more.Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees,and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes. Insects are extremely usefulto humans, pollinating (授粉)our crops as well as flowers in meadows, forests, deserts and other areas. But licks and some insects, such as mosquitoes and fleas, can transmit disease.There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range, of natural and artificial foods—paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton，other insects, plants and animals Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.A strong, hard but flexible shell covers their soft organs and is resistant to chemicals, water and physical impact. Their wings give them the option of flying away from dangerous situations or toward food or males. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen (青苔),a seed or some other natural object Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signals that they taste bad,sting or are poison.Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.Insects can be found in large amounts in the following places EXCEPT_____.A.on the mountains with little airB.in the cold polar areasC.in the hot desert areasD.in the open oceans2.Insects protect themselves from chemicals by _______A.hiding in tiny spacesB.having a strong shellC.flying away when necessaryD.changing colors or shapes3.Some insects disguise like natural objects so as to ______A.frighten away their enemiesB.avoid being discoveredC.send warning signalsD.look bitter-tasting4.The passage mentions that insects ______.A.can be found in any extreme environmentsB.have survived longer than any other creaturesC.can be fed on any natural or man-made foodsD.are important for the growth of crops and flowers5.The passage is mainly about ______A.how insects survive in different placesB.why insects can survive so successfullyC.what insects can do to the environmentD.where insects can be found in quantity三The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: "Store in the refrigerator."In my fridge less Fifties childhood, 1 was fed well and healthy. The milkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed -- natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling...What refrigeration did promote was marketing --- marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price.Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house -- while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and mm off your fridge next winter. You may not eat the hamburgers(汉堡包), but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.The statement "In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily." suggests that______.A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties.B.the author was not accustomed to fridges even in his fifties.C.there was no fridge in the author's home in the 1950s.D.the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s.2.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?A. Inventors.B. Consumers.C. Manufacturers.D. Travelling salesmen.4.Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge's negative effect on the environment?A.“Hum away continuously”.B.“Climatically almost unnecessary”.C.“Artificially-cooled space”.D.“With mild temperatures”.5.What is the author's overall attitude toward fridges?A. Neutral.B. Critical.C. Objective.D. Compromising.四Moreover, insofar as any interpretation of its author can be made from the five or six plays attributed to him, the Wake field Master is uniformly considered to be a man of sharp contemporary observation. He was, formally, perhaps clerically educated, as his Latin and music, his Biblical and patristic lore indicate. He is, still, celebrated mainly for his quick sympathy for the oppressed and forgotten man, his sharp eye for character, a ready ear for colloquial vernacular turns of speech and a humor alternately rude and boisterous, coarse and happy. Hence despite his conscious artistry as manifest in his feeling for intricate metrical and stanza forms, he is looked upon as a kind of medieval Steinbeck, indignantly angry at, uncompromisingly and even brutally realistic in presenting the plight of the agricultural poor.Thus taking the play and the author together, it is mow fairly conventional to regard the former as a kind of ultimate point in the secularization of the medieval drama. Hence much emphasis on it as depicting realistically humble manners and pastoral life in the bleak hills of the West Riding of Yorkshire on a typically cold bight of December 24th. After what are often regarded as almost “documentaries”given in the three successive monologues of the three shepherds, critics go on to affirm that therealism is then intensified into a burlesque mock-treatment of the Nativity. Finally as a sort of epilogue or after-thought in deference to the Biblical origins of the materials, the play slides back into an atavistic mood of early innocent reverence. Actually, as we shall see, the final scene is not only the culminating scene but perhaps the raisond’etre of introductory “realism.”There is much on the surface of the present play to support the conventional view of its mood of secular realism. All the same, the “realism”of the Wake field Master is of a paradoxical turn. His wide knowledge of people, as well as books indicates no cloistered contemplative but one in close relation to his times. Still, that life was after all a predominantly religious one, a time which never neglected the belief that man was a rebellious and sinful creature in need of redemption, So deeply (one can hardly say “naively”of so sophisticated a writer) and implicitly religious is the Master that he is less able (or less willing) to present actual history realistically than is the author of the Brome “Abraham and Isaac”. His historical sense is even less realistic than that of Chaucer who just a few years before had done for his own time costume romances, such as The Knight’s Tale, Troilus and Cressida, etc. Moreover Chaucer had the excuse of highly romantic materials for taking liberties with history.1. Which of the following statements about the Wake field Master is NOT True?[A]. He was Chaucer’s contemporary.[B]. He is remembered as the author of five or six realistic plays.[C]. He write like John Steinbeck.[D]. HE was an accomplished artist.2. By “patristic”, the author means[A]. realistic. [B]. patriotic[C]. superstitious. [C]. pertaining to the Christian Fathers.3. The statement about the “secularization of the medieval drama”refers to the[A]. introduction of mundane matters in religious plays.[B]. presentation of erudite material.[C]. use of contemporary introduction of religious themes in the early days.4. In subsequent paragraphs, we may expect the writer of this passage to[A]. justify his comparison with Steinbeck.[B]. present a point of view which attack the thought of the second paragraph.[C]. point out the anachronisms in the play.[D]. discuss the works of Chaucer.五The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photograph’s fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art as distinct from merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defence of photography was identical with the struggle to establish it as a fine art. Against the charge that photography was a soulless, mechanical copying of reality, photographers asserted that it was instead a privileged way of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and no less worthy an art than painting.Ironically, now that photography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or irrelevant to label it as such. Serious photographers variously claim to be finding, recording, impartially observing, witnessing events, exploring themselves—anything but making works of art. They are no longer willing to debate whether photography is or is not a fine art, except to proclaim that their own work is not involved with art. It shows the extent to which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.Photographers’disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the harried status of the contemporary notion of art than about whether photography is or is not art. For example, those photographers who suppose that, by taking pictures, they are getting away from the pretensions of art as exemplified by painting remind us of those Abstract Expression ist painters who imagined they were getting away fromthe intellectual austerity of classical Modernist painting by concentrating on the physical act of painting. Much of photography’s prestige today derives from the convergence of its aims with those of recent art, particularly with the dismissal of abstract art implicit in the phenomenon of Pop painting during the1960’s. Appreciating photographs is a relief to sensibilities tired of the mental exertions demanded by abstract art. Classical Modernist painting—that is, abstract art as developed indifferent ways by Picasso, Kandinsky, and Matisse—presupposes highly developed skills of looking and a familiarity with other paintings and the history of art. Photography, like Pop painting, reassures viewers that art is not hard; photography seems to be more about its subjects than about art.Photography, however, has developed all the anxieties andself-consciousness of a classic Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the promotion of photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activity—in short, an art.1. What is the author mainly concerned with? The author is concerned with[A]. defining the Modernist attitude toward art.[B]. explaining how photography emerged as a fine art.[C]. explaining the attitude of serious contemporary photographers toward photography as art and placing those attitudes in their historical context.[D]. defining the various approaches that serious contemporary photographers take toward their art and assessing the value of each of those approaches.2. Which of the following adjectives best describes “the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism”as the author represents it in lines 12—13?[A]. Objective [B]. Mechanical. [C]. Superficial. [D]. Paradoxical.3. Why does the author introduce Abstract Expressionist painter?[A]. He wants to provide an example of artists who, like serious contemporary photographers, disavowed traditionally accepted aims of modern art.[B]. He wants to set forth an analogy between the Abstract Expressionistpainters and classical Modernist painters.[C]. He wants to provide a contrast to Pop artist and others.[D]. He wants to provide an explanation of why serious photography, like other contemporary visual forms, is not and should not pretend to be an art.4. How did the nineteenth-century defenders of photography stress the photography?[A]. They stressed photography was a means of making people happy.[B]. It was art for recording the world.[C]. It was a device for observing the world impartially.[D]. It was an art comparable to painting.六The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘Palaeolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’. Histories of the time will go something like this: ‘in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. ’The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world –or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deservesmention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: ‘I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.’The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there. ’You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ‘I’ve been there’–meaning, ‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ’When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers.1、Anthorpologists label nowaday’s men ‘Legless’because________.A people forget how to use his legs.B people prefer cars, buses and trains.C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.D there are a lot of transportation devices.2、Travelling at high speed means________.A people’s focus on the future.B a pleasure.C satisfying drivers’great thrill.D a necessity of life.3、Why does the author say ‘we are deprived of the use of our eyes’?A People won’t use their eyes.B In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless.C People can’t see anything on his way of travel.D People want to sleep during travelling.4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?A Legs become weaker.B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.C There is no need to use eyes.D The best way to travel is on foot.5. What does ‘a bird’s-eye view’mean?A See view with bird’s eyes.B A bird looks at a beautiful view.C It is a general view from a high position looking down.D A scenic place.七Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair forself-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s iniquitous,’they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may beseriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway bye laws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast program mes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or‘agony’column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!1. What is main idea of this passage?A. Advertisement.B. The benefits of advertisement.C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.D. The costs of advertisement.2. The attitude of the author toward advertisers is______.A. appreciative.B. trustworthy.C. critical.D. dissatisfactory.3. Why do the critics criticize advertisers?A. Because advertisers often brag.B. Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.D. Because customers pay more.4. Which of the following is Not True?A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.B. We can buy what we want.C. Good quality products don’t need to be advertised.D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.5. The passage is______.A. Narration.B. Description.C. Criticism.D. Argumentation.八Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or –independently of any course –simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspectiveon scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.1. According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’means _____.[A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists.[B] people whose knowledge of science is very limited.[C] the scientific community.[D] people who make good contribution to science.2. We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because_____.[A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.。
2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读答案（新东方版）
2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读答案（新东方版）2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读答案(新东方版) 2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读答案(新东方版)考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题实行核对。
长篇阅读Climate change may be real, but it’s still not easybeing greenHow do we convince our inner caveman to be greener?We ask some outstanding social scientists.A) The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions. Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions. But the most pervasive problem is less obvious：our own behaviour. We getdistracted before we can turn down the heating. We break our promise not to fly after hearing about a neighbor’s rip to India. Ultimately, we can’t be bothered to change our attitude. Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioral economics may be able to do that for us.B) Despite mournful polar bears and carts showing carbon emissions soaring, mot people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally. Recent polls by the Pew Research Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent of participants regarded climate change as an important issue. But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.C) This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling ofp owerle ssness. “When we can’t actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defense mechanisms,” says Tom Crompton, changestrategist for the environmental organization World Wide Fund for Nature.D) Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman. Evolution has programmed humans to pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact. “We worry most about now because if we don’t survive for the next minute, we’re not going to be around in ten years’ time,” says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Research on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University in New York.If the Thames were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners would face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly. But in practice, our brain discounts the risks—and benefits—associated with issues that lie some way ahead.E) Matthew Rushworth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford, sees this in his lab every day. “One of the ways in which all agents seem to ma ke decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future,” he says. “This is a very sensible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans for tho usands of years.”F) Not any longer. By the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate change, it could well be too late. And if we’re not going to make national decisions about the future, others may have to help us to do so.G) Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge：Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue that governments should persuade us into making better decisions—such as saving more in our pension plans—by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can makeuse of similar tactics. If, for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developers would be too lazy to challenge them.H) Defaults are certainly part of the solution. Butsocial scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality(心态). ”We need to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change,” says Professor Neil Adger, of the Tyn dall Centre fo r Climate Change Research in Norwich. ”It is actually about what their peers think of them, what their social norms are, what is seen as desirable in society.” In other words, our inner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to.I) The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in—and measuring us against—our peer group. “Social norms are primitive and elemental,” says Dr. Robert Cialdini, author of Influence：The Psychology of Persuasion. “Birds flock together, fish school together, cattle herd together … just perceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjust their behavior in the direction of the crowd.”J) These norms can take us beyond good intentions. Cialdini conducted a study in San Diego in which coat hangers。
2020年6月大学英语六级阅读速度与技巧提升真题及答案
2020年6月大学英语六级阅读速度与技巧提升真题及答案随着大学英语六级考试的临近，许多同学都开始准备考试，而其中最关键的部分是阅读理解。
阅读速度和技巧的提升对于顺利完成阅读理解题目来说至关重要。
本篇文章将介绍2020年6月大学英语六级阅读速度与技巧提升的真题及答案，供大家参考。
第一篇：The Way to SuccessSuccess in life is not a matter of luck or chance; it is mainly the result of consistent effort and perseverance. Here I would like to offer you some advice on how to be successful.Firstly, set clear and achievable goals. Successful people always have specific goals in mind, and they are determined to achieve them. A clear goal gives you a sense of direction and motivates you to work harder.Secondly, never stop learning. The world is changing rapidly, and those who constantly update their knowledge and skills will have a competitive edge. Attend workshops, read books, and learn from others. The more you learn, the better chance you have at success.Thirdly, develop a positive attitude. A positive attitude not only helps you overcome challenges, but also attracts opportunities. Believe in yourself and have faith in your abilities. Remember, success starts from within.Lastly, never give up. Failure is a part of life, and even the most successful individuals have encountered setbacks. The key is not to letfailure define you, but to learn from your mistakes and keep moving forward. Success takes time and effort, so keep going and never give up on your dreams.In conclusion, success is not an overnight achievement. It requires consistent effort, clear goals, continuous learning, a positive attitude, and the willingness to persevere. With these qualities, you can overcome any challenges and achieve great success in life.第二篇：Effective Reading StrategiesReading comprehension is a vital skill in the study of any subject. Here are some effective reading strategies to help improve your reading speed and comprehension.Firstly, skim the passage before reading it in detail. Skimming allows you to get a general understanding of the content and helps you determine the main ideas and structure of the passage. Look out for headings, subheadings, and topic sentences to guide your reading.Secondly, make use of context clues. Pay attention to the words and phrases surrounding unfamiliar vocabulary. They can often provide hints to the meaning of the words. Context clues can be found in the sentence itself, as well as in the surrounding sentences and paragraphs.Thirdly, practice active reading. Engage with the text by asking yourself questions as you read. What is the main idea? What evidence supports this idea? How does this information connect to what I already know? By actively interacting with the text, you will improve your understanding and retention of the material.Fourthly, take notes while reading. Jot down key points, supporting details, and any questions or thoughts you may have. This helps you organize and remember the information more effectively. Additionally, summarizing the main points in your own words after reading can reinforce your understanding.Lastly, practice time management. Set aside dedicated periods for reading and avoid distractions. Start with shorter passages and gradually increase the length as your reading speed improves. Remember to pace yourself and avoid rushing through the material.In conclusion, improving reading speed and comprehension requires practice and the implementation of effective strategies. By skimming, using context clues, practicing active reading, taking notes, and managing your time effectively, you can enhance your reading skills and perform better in exams and daily studies.以上就是2020年6月大学英语六级阅读速度与技巧提升真题及答案的相关内容。
大学英语六级阅读考试冲刺练习题及答案
大学英语六级阅读考试冲刺练习题及答案Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women 11 professors. In 1985, Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System administration for not 12 women. The University was rated among the lowest for the system. In a 1587 update, Milburn 13 and praised the progress that was made and called for even more 14.Examw.One of the positive results from her study was a system-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean, Patricia Witherspoon, said it is important that woman be 15 when it es to relocating if they want to 16 in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly 17 on campus, many times in order for her to sueed, she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater 18 of the senior positions in the University and all academia, inequalities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University. " Spirduso said. "If they do that they will be 19 in this system. If they spend their time in littlegroups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are 20 wasting valuable study time. "A. fullB. recalledC. improvementD. riseE. encouragingF. flexibleG. recognizedH. idlyI. ratioJ. persuadingK. movableL. possiblyM. suessfulN. climateO. percentage11. A 12. E 13. G 14. C 15. F 16. D 17. N 18. O 19. M 20. H。
2020年大学英语六级阅读理解预测题及答案5
2020年大学英语六级阅读理解预测题及答案5The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing (把…固定)legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon (放任). Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been net by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays—not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there anyinitiative for change. Where is industry’s and our recognition that protecting mankind’s great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federalboundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.16. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because ________.A) they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doingB) they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interestsC) time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itD) it is difficult for them to take effective measures17. The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is ________.A) to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasionB) to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC) to take radical measures to control environmental pollutionD) to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards18. The word “tunnel-visioned (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means “________”.A) narrow-mindedB) blind to the factsC) short-sightedD) able to see only one aspect19. Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?A) Legislation and government intervention.B) The industry’s understanding and support.C) The efforts of environmental health professionals.D) The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.20. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A) Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.B) More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.C) Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.D) Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.参考答案：BBDCC。
2020年英语六级阅读理解预测题及答案(6)
2020年英语六级阅读理解预测题及答案(6)阅读文章：I live in the land of Disney， Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a glamorous， fun-filled place are happier than others. If so， you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper， moreabiding emotion.Going to an amusement park or ball game， watching amovie or television， are fun activities that help us relax，temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. Butthey do not bring happiness， because their positive effects end when the fun ends.I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a roleto play， it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich， beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties， fancy cars， expensive homes，everything that spells “happiness”。
大学英语CET6长篇阅读训练题及答案
大学英语CET6长篇阅读训练题及答案高校英语CET6长篇阅读训练题及答案try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value，以下是我为大家搜寻整理的高校英语CET6长篇阅读训练题及答案，期望能给大家带来帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!Preparing for Computer DisastersA: Summary: When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.B: Fires, power surges, and floods, theyre all facts of life. We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news. We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck. We also shake our heads at the digital consequencesmelted computers, system failures, destroyed data. Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial: It wont happen to me. Well, the truth is, at some point youll probably have to deal with at least one disaster. Thats just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it. We buy insurance. We stow away provisions. We even make disaster plans and run drills. But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us. It shouldnt be. Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain ourdata survives a disaster should be a priority. Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption. Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household. We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and theyre even more vital to home office users. When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward. With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters. And, should a major calamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.Offsite Storage: Major DisastersC: House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction. Thats why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential. Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn. Thats because they keep their backups in relatively close to their computers. Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computerstucked away in a closet or even the garagebut theyre not nearly far enough away should a serious disaster strike. So, its important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.D: There are many ways to approach offsite storage. It starts with choice of backup tools and storage medium. Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldnt add to that stress. They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files ina pinch. They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium. Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk typesfrom CDs to Jaz drives to remote network servers. Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.E: Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need to find a remote place to store your backups. The options are endless. However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home. You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service. More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage. Of course, before using one of these services, make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods. Whatever you do, schedule backups regularly and store them far away from your home.Come What May: Handling the Garden Variety Computer CrisisF: Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster. Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information. Systems crash, kids rearrange data, adults inadvertently delete files. Although these events might not seem calamitous, they can have serious implications. So, once again, its important to be prepared. As with physical disasters, regular backups are essential. However, some of these smaller issues require a response thats more nuanced thanwholesale backup and restoration. To deal with less-than-total disaster, your tool set must be both powerful and agile. For example, when a small number of files are compromised, you may want to retrieve those files alone. Meanwhile, if just your settings are affected, youll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup. Yet, should your operating system fail, youll need a way to boot your computer and perform large-scale recovery. Computer crises come in all shapes and sizes, and your backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to meet each challenge.The Right Tools for the Right Job: Gearing up for DisasterG: When disaster strikes, the quality of your backup tools can make the difference between utter frustration and peace of mind. Symantec understands this and offers a range of top quality backup and recovery solutions. Norton GoBack is the perfect tool for random system crashes, failed installations, and inadvertent deletions. With this powerful and convenient solution, its simple to retrieve overwritten files or to bring your system back to its pre-crash state. Norton Ghost is a time-tested home office solution. Equipped to handlefull-scale backups, its also handy for cloning hard drives and facilitating system upgrades. A favorite choice for IT professionals, its the ideal tool for the burgeoning home office. You can buy Norton Ghost and Norton GoBack separately, or get them both when you purchase Norton System Works.H: Lifes disasters, large and small, often catch us by surprise. However, with a little planning and the right tools, you can reduce those disasters to bumps in the road. So, dontwait another day. Buy a good set of disaster recovery tools, set up an automatic backup schedule, and perform a dry run every now and again. Then, rest easy.1. You should take steps to recover from computer disasters so as to minimize their effects.2. For some reason, computer disaster recovery is always ignored by many of us.3. You can bounce back quickly and easily minor computer disasters with the help of a good offsite storage plan and the right tools.4. The most devastating causes of personal computer destruction includes house fires and floods.5. Its necessary for us to back up our systems to some transferable medium and to put it somewhere else.6. You should find a distant place to store your backups after selecting your tools and a suitable medium.7. Not only physical disaster can damage your computer.8. The backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to deal with various computer crises.9. The quality of your backup tools determines whether you are frustrated or have a peaceful mind when disaster strikes.10. You should prepare for your computer disasters now and again.答案解析1. A依据题干中的信息词recover from computer disasters定位到本文的第一段。
2020年英语六级考试标准阅读(6)
2020年英语六级考试标准阅读(6)The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures， but created what might be called “the heroic age of Antarctic exploration”。
By their tremendous heroism， men such as Shakleton， Scott， and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows， and yet that heroic age， little more than a century old， is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance， future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than onthe dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable.Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America， and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted， and the maping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed， it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known， and almost inexhaustible sources of copper， coal，uranium， and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practicalexploitation of the Antarctic wastes.The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light，and make possible the establishing of air-fields for thefuture inter-continental air services by making these areasas light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed， for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5，000 miles journey.The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem，for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditionsinto those frozen wastes. Some of his parties were men whohad never seen snow before， and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably， so that， provided that the appropriate installations are made，we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world， for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent， andrendered it absolutely germfree， with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies， for the latter keepindefinitely without any signs of deterioration； it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarcticas the natural storehouse for the whole world.Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases onthe shores of this continent， and what so few years ago was regarded as a “dead continent” now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.1.When did man begin to explore the Antarctic？A.About 100years ago.B.In this century.C.At the beginning of the 19th century.D.In 1798.。
2020年六级长篇阅读练习及答案详解(6)
2020年六级长篇阅读练习及答案详解(6) Passage TwoWords： 1,103How Ozone Pollution WorksA) The weather report on the radio or TV tells you thatit is going to be sunny and hot and that an orange ozonealert has been issued. What is ozone? What does an orange alert mean? Why should you be concerned about it? In this article, we will examine what ozone is, how it is produced, what health hazards it poses and what you can do to reduce ozone pollution.B) Ozone is a molecule of three oxygen atoms bound together (O3). It is unstable and highly reactive. Ozone is used as a bleach, a deodorizing agent, and a sterilization agent for air and drinking water. At low concentrations, itis toxic. Ozone is found naturally in small concentrations in the stratosphere, a layer of Earth’s upper atmosphere. In this upper atmosphere, ozone is made when ultraviolet light from the sun splits an oxygen molecule (O2), forming two single oxygen atoms. If a freed atom collides with an oxygen molecule, it becomes ozone. Stratospheric ozone has been called “good” ozone because it protects the Earth’s surface from dangerous ultraviolet light.C) Ozone can also be found in the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere. Tropospheric ozone (often termed “ bad ” ozone) is man - made, a result of air pollution from internal combustion engines and power plants. Automobileexhaust and industrial emissions release a family of nitrogen oxide gases (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), by-products of burning gasoline and coal. NOx and VOC combine chemically with oxygen to form ozone during sunny, high- temperature conditions of late spring, summer and early fall. High levels of ozone are usually formed in the heat of the afternoon and early evening, dissipating during the cooler nights.D) Although ozone pollution is formed mainly in urban and suburban areas, it ends up in rural areas as well, carried by prevailing winds or resulting from cars and trucks thattravel into rural areas. Significant levels of ozonepollution can be detected in rural areas as far as 250 miles downwind from urban industrial zones.E) You can make ozone test strips to detect and monitor ozone levels in your own backyard or around your school. You will need corn starch, filter paper (coffee filters work well) and potassium iodide (can be ordered from a science education supplier such as Carolina Biological Supply or Fisher Scientific). Basically, you make a paste from water, corn starch and potassium-iodide, and you paint this paste onstrips of filter paper. You then expose the strips to the air for eight hours. Ozone in the air will react with the potassium iodide to change the color of the strip. You will also need to know the relative humidity, which you can getfrom a newspaper, weather broadcast or home weather station.F) When you inhale ozone, it travels throughout your respiratory tract. Because ozone is very corrosive, it damages the bronchioles and alveoli in your lungs, air sacsthat are important for gas exchange. Repeated exposure to ozone can inflame lung tissues and cause respiratory infections.G) Ozone exposure can aggravate existing respiratory conditions such as asthma, reduce your lung function and capacity for exercise and cause chest pains and coughing. Young children, adults who are active outdoors and peoplewith respiratory diseases are most susceptible to the high levels of ozone encountered during the summer. In addition to effects on humans, the corrosive nature of ozone can damage plants and trees. High levels of ozone can destroyagricultural crops and forest vegetation.H) To protect yourself from ozone exposure, you should be aware of the Air Quality Index (AQI) in your area every day—you can usually find it in the newspaper or on a morning weather forecast on TV or radio. You should also be familiar with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guide for ozone-alert values.I) What do the numbers in the AQI mean? The AQI measures concentrations of five air pollutants： ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. The EPA has chosen these pollutants as criteria pollutants, but these are not all of the pollutants in the air. These concentrations are compared to a standard set out in federal law. An index value of 100 means that all of the criteria pollutants are at the maximum level that is considered safefor the majority of the population. To reduce your exposureto ozone, you should avoid exercising during afternoon and early evening hours in the summer.。
2020年大学英语六级长篇阅读练习及答案解析
2020年大学英语六级长篇阅读练习及答案解析大学英语六级考试阅读要求考生能顺利读懂语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章、掌握中心大意以及说明中心大意的事实和细节，并能进行一定的分析、推理和判断。
下面小编为大家整理了六级长篇阅读练习题及答案解析，希望对您有所帮助，祝大家备考顺利I大学英语六级长篇阅读练习及答案解析（6）Section B（原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变.篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题.每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落.）Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why Are Airlines Withholding Seats?Behind the screen indeed[D]An awful plot goes on behind airline and travel booking screens,and nuch of it is strictly off-linits to consumers.What we do know is that for decades now airlines have becone nasters of what the industry calls yield management,offering millions of conbinations of fares based on advance purchase patterns and other booking trends,so nearly everyone pays a different price based on when they buy.But now that paying extra for your seat selection has become cotmon practice, securing your reservation is just half the battle.[E]Some industry experts have connected the dots."They're trying to get people to buy premium seats,"says George Hobica,*s Fly Guy colunnist and the founder of・“They want to increase revenue.And we're getting more complaints about it."He notes that it“really annoys* passengers who want to sit together,particularly when traveling with snail children.[F]He's echoed by Kevin Mitchell,chairnan of the Business Travel Coalition（联盟）:“With yield management,consumers are aware and they know that airlines are constantly changing prices on seats.But if this is true,it is unethical—they're grossly misleading us.The thing that I find so offensive is conveying to me that I have no options,but if I wait a week or two then I do have options."[G]According to the airlines,the reason for ancillary（附加的）revenue is unbundling（分类计价）ticket prices,so passengers who desire a given service―say checking a bag or ordering在［M］段出现，该段第五句引用Mitchell的原话，指出这一问题亟待公开、透明.由此可见，题干是对原文的同义改耳，故答案为［M］.题干中的urgent need对应原文中的sore need,carriers!seat assignment代指原文中的this.50.［I］.题干意为，尽管霍比卡把主要贵任归咎于各大航空公司，他也提到，低成本的运营商们同样使得座位的获得变得困魔.注意抓住题干中的关键词Hobica,the main responsibilities,thenajor airlines和the low-cost carriers.原文段落中，提及Hobica和低成本的运营商使获得座位变得困难的内容在［I］段出现，该段第一句话提到，霍比卡认为各大航空公司是造成这种状况的罪魁祸首，低成本的运营商也起到了推波助澜的作用.由此可见，题干是对原文的同义改写，故答案为［I］.题干中的ascribes...to...和nain responsibilities分别对应原文中的cites…as…和prine culprits.51.［明题干意为，一些人认为，为了解决航空公司保留座位的问题，美国交通运输部应该采取一些措施.注意抓住JS干中的关键词the.Departnent of Transportation.文章段落中，论及美国交通运输部的内容在［M］段出现，该段第三、四句话提到，通常作者会就如何应对航空公司的这类政策给出一些策略，但是在这种情况下，可选择的策略非常有限.这就是为什么一些人认为美国交通运输部应该对此类做法进行调查的原因.由此可见，人们认为交通运输部应该有所行动，故答案为［M］.52.［N］.题干意为，人们在为买机票制定预算的时候，应该把行李的费用和附加的选择座位的费用都考虐在内.注意抓住题干中的关键词budget,airfares,baggage fees和the added cost of seat selection.文章段落中，论及制定机票Bi算的内容在［N］段出现，该段第(1)点提到，预算票价的时候，确保自己不仅格行李费用考虑在内，还要考虑为选择座位而支付的额外费用.由此可见，题干对原文进行了同义改写，故答案为［N］.53.［F］.题干意为，凯文・米切尔认为所谓的收益管理是不道德且具有误导性的.注意抓住题干中的关键词Kevin Mitchell,yield nanagenent,unethical和misleading.文章段落中，提到Kevin Mitchell 和航空业收益管理的内容在［F］段出现，该段引用米切尔的原话中提到，对于收益管理，消费者心里有数,他们知道航空公司经常改变座位的价格.但是如果情况果真如此的话，航空公司的做法确实是不道德的他们在严重地误导人们.由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为［F］.54.［K］.题干意为，达美航空公司发言人的话表明，经济舱优等座在飞机起飞前24小时内可获得.注意题干中的关键词the spokesman of Delta,the preferred econony-class tickets,available 和the plane's departure.文章段落中，论及达美航空公司发言人的内容在［K］段出现，该段第二句提到，优等座主要是为奖章成员预留的，在飞机起飞前24小时内无需支付额外费用就可获得.由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答窠为［K］.55.［N］题干意为，应对航空公司这类行为的最后策略是和其它乘客商量调换座位.注意题干中的关键词the last strategy,exchange seats和negotiating.文章段落中，论及与其它乘客商量调换座位的内容在［N］段出现，该段第(4)点提到，量后一个应对策略，即霍比卡所说的讨价还价”，是和其它乘客商量一下调换座位.由此可见，题干是对原文的同义改写，故答案为［N］.题干中的the last strategy 和exchange seats with other passengers by negotiating with them分另'］对应原文中的the last resort和negotiating seat svaps with other passengers.。
六级英语冲刺阅读练习附答案解析
六级英语冲刺阅读练习附答案解析六级英语冲刺阅读练习原文Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness ofadvertisements. However. federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than theprogramming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound levelallowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive. no difference exists in thepeak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information. whydo commercials sound soloud?The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its peak level. Advertisersare skilful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. Onemajor contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that much less variation insound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of sound variesover a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels.Other "tricks of the trade" are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higherfrequency sounds. advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message.In addition, the human voice hasmore auditory (听觉的) impact in che middle frequencyranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such afrequency band. Another approach is to write the script so that lots ofconsonants(辅音) areused, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel (元音) sounds. Finally,advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of theprogramming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to thetype of sounds coming from programming. a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewerattention. For example. notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.The attention-getting property of commercials can be seen by observing one-to-two-year-oldchildren who happen to be playing around a television set. They may totally ignore theprogramming. However. when a commercial comes on.their attention is immediately drawn toit because of its dramatic sound quality.六级英语冲刺阅读练习题目1. According to the passage, the maximum intensity of sound coming fromcommercials________.A) does not exceed that of programsB) is greater than that of programsC) varies over a large range than that of programsD) is less than that of programs2. Commercials create che sensation of loudnessbecause____________________.A) TV stations always operate at the highest sound levelsB) their sound levels are kept around peak levelsC) their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency rangesD) unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range3. Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kindbecause_________________.A) pop songs attract viewer attentionB) it can increase their loudnessC) advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programsD) advertisers want to merge music with commercials4. One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention isthat_____________.A) the human voices in commercials have more auditory impactB) people like cheerful songs that change dramatically in sound qualityC) high-frequency sounds are used to mask sounds that drown out the primary messageD) they possess sound qualities that make the viewer feel that something unusual ishappening5. In the passage, the author is trying to tell us________________.A) how TV ads vary vocal sounds to attract attentionB) how the loudness of TV ads is overcomeC) how advertisers control the sound properties of TV adsD) how the attention-getting properties of sounds are made use of in TV ads六级英语冲刺阅读练习答案1.根据*的内容，电视广告中最高强度的声音_____________。
大学英语六级长篇阅读专项强化真题试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语六级长篇阅读专项强化真题试卷6(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Can societies be rich and green?[A]”If our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends. “That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie(环保主义者), but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say? Perhaps: though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972, and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]”The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,” read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.[F]If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising: the single word “environment” has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy—environment relationship would be almost impossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asia: it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of theworld alike, whether through unregulated mineral extractions, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people, sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry. More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence: and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain: we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this “ecological overshoot of the human economy”, and found that we are using 1. 2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.[K]Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues: while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer. Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous. “In the developing countries,”it says, “ most of the environmental problems are caused by underdevelopment. “So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily. “In the industrialised countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,” it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world, but for different reasons. It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.[M]Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food. They also, however, use far more natural resources—fuel, water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a country’s wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use: not all nations have released up-to-datedata, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases: and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.[O]Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.1．Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.正确答案：I2．Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.正确答案：C3．It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.正确答案：L4．The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.正确答案：D5．Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.正确答案：K6．It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.正确答案：E7．Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.正确答案：G8． A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.正确答案：A9．Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’economic development.正确答案：N10．One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.正确答案：JReform and Medical Costs[A]Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achieved only through trial and error and incremental(渐进的)gains.[B]The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term. As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded,”Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures. “[C]Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.[D]Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problems, and why it is hard to know how well they will work.[E]Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals, nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medicare more than $ 100 billion over the next decade. If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook(放过). That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong “pay-go” rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.[F]The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税)on health insurance plans that cost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely cause insurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to paymore money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages. The House bill has no similar tax. The final legislation should.[G]Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money.When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law.[H]The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted. This requires open investments to help doctors convert. In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.[I]Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient’s needs over a year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient’s needs with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly. For the most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.[J]Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare’s payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.[K]The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare. To get access to millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.[L]The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save much money. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather than using Medicare rates, as many reformers wanted.[M]The president’s stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate(前列腺)cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pending billswould spend additional money to accelerate this effort.[N]Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care.(That would be true only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.)As a result, the bills do not require, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.[O]Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.[P]The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. It does in other countries.[Q]Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in “defensive medicine”by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.11．With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from health expenses into wages.正确答案：F12．Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influence lawmakers.正确答案：J13．It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.正确答案：A14．Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses.正确答案：G15．Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan.正确答案：L16．Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminateredundant tests and prevent drug interactions.正确答案：H17．The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses.正确答案：C18．One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect.正确答案：I19．Contrary to analysts’doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.正确答案：P20．Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.正确答案：K。
六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及参考答案
六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及参考答案六级长篇阅读冲刺练习1：How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint PresentationsA Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic and business presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations.The TextB Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words.Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below, then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu.C Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than e only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body.D Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be usedfor the presentation. To embed the fonts: 1 On the File menu, click Save As. 2 On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only.E Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You may use one color forall the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background.F Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title ofslides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letterof the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the firstword and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lowercase lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.G Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation.Don’t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to. Run “spell check” on your show when finished.The BackgroundH Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select a dark-colored backgroun d and use any light color for text. Minimize the use of “bells and whistles” such as sound effects, “flying words” and multiple transitions. Don’t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read.The ClipsI Animations are best used subtly; too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers. Do not rely too heavily on those images that wereoriginally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easilyfind appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web-use specific words.J When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships.The PresentationK If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show. On the File menu, click Save As. In the Saveas type list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you’re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open onthe File menu.L Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible. If using a laser pointer, don’t move it too fast. For example, if circling a num ber onthe slide, do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience. Black out the screen use “B” on the keyboard after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation.M You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. To erase everything you’ve drawn, press the E key. To turnoff the Pen tool, press [Esc] once.MiscellaneousN Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide” will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers at the “master slide” level. First, go to the “View” menu. Pull down the “Master” menu. Select the “slide master” menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs.1. The ways in which academic and business presentations are made havebeen changed by Microsoft PowerPoint.2. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should not be complicated.3. In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text shouldcontrast with each other.4. A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of the first word.5. Centering bulleted lists or text can not help to read.6. Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.7. When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes.8. When making the presentation, you should look at the audience as possible as you can.9. Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you've drawn.10. In order to meet your presentation needs, you can make changes at the “slide master”参考答案：1.AA段讲到了微软的PowerPoint对学术及商业陈述形式的改变，可以直接定位到文章的首段。
2020年英语六级考试阅读训练题(6)
2020 年英语六级考试阅读训练题（ 6 ）It being not only possible but even easy to predict which ten-year-old boys are at greatest risk of growing up to be persistent offenders, what are we doing with the information? Just about the last thing that we should do is to wait until their troubles have escalated in adolescence and then attack them with the provisions of the new Criminal Justice Bill.If this bill becomes law, magistrates will have the power to impose residential care orders. More young people will be drawn into institutional life when all the evidence shows that this worsens rather than improves their prospects. The introduction of short sharp shocks in detention centers will simply give more young people a taste of something else they don't need; the whole regime of detention centers is one of toughening delinquents, and if you want to train someone to be anti- establishment, “I can 't think of a better way to do it, ” says the writer of this report.The Cambridge Institute of Criminology comes up with five key factors that are likely to make for delinquency ：a low income family a large family, parents deemed by social workers to be bad at raising children, parents who themselves have a criminal record, and low intelligence in the child. Not surprisingly, the factors tend to overlap. Of the 63 boys in the sample who had at least three of them when they were ten, half became juvenile delinquents —compared with only afifth of the sample as a whole.Three more factors make the prediction more accurate ：being judged troublesome by teachers at the age of ten,having a father with at least two criminal convictions and having another member of the family with a criminal record. Of the 35 men who had at least two of these factors in their background 18 became persistent delinquents and 8 more were in trouble with the law.Among those key factors, far and away the most important was having a parent with a criminal record, even if that had been acquired in the distant past, even though very few parents did other than condemn delinquent behavior in their children.The role of the schools emerges as extremely important. The most reliable prediction of all on the futures of boys came from teachers ' ratings of how troublesome they were at the age of ten. If the information is there in the classroom there must be a response that brings more attention to those troublesome children ：a search for things to give them credit for other than academic achievement, a refusal to allow them to go on playing truant, and a fostering of ambition and opportunity which should start early in their school careers.1. According to the author, delinquency should be tackledA. before adolescenceB. during institutional treatmentC. during adolescenceD. when the problem becomes acute2. The number of young offenders could be reduced by the wayof ___.A. new legal measuresB. better residential careC. brief periods of harsh punishmentD. examination of their backgrounds3. What is the outcome result of putting young offenders into detention centers?A. They become more violentB. They receive useful trainingC. They become used to institutionsD. They turn against society4. Ten-year-old children likely to become offenders areusually___.A. spoilt children from small families.B. bright children in a poor family.C. dull children with many brothers and sisters.D. children whose parents have acquired wealth dishonestly.5. The writer concludes that potential offenders could be helped by ___.A.spending more time at schoolB.more encouragement at school。
2020年12月英语六级长篇阅读答案(文都版)
2020年12月英语六级长篇阅读答案(文都版)2020年12月英语六级长篇阅读答案(文都版)考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题实行核对。
长篇阅读46.IShe criticized me when I included little-known...47.C My mother, who is just shy of five feet tall...48.K Somewhere along the way i set aside my hopes...49.E Criticism, at its best, is deeply personal,and gets to the ....50.B When good students turn in an essay, they dreamof ....51.E Criticism, at its best, is deeply personal,and gets to the ....52.F Franz Kafka once said：“writing is utter solitude...53.H My mother said she would help me with my writing...54.I She criticized me when I included little-known references...55.H My mother said she would help me with my writing...相关推荐：2020年12月英语六级真题及答案专题2020年12月英语四级真题及答案专题2020年12月英语六级成绩查询专题2020年12月英语四级成绩查询专题。
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2020年英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及解析(6)Passage TwoWords： 1,103How Ozone Pollution WorksA) The weather report on the radio or TV tells you thatit is going to be sunny and hot and that an orange ozonealert has been issued. What is ozone? What does an orange alert mean? Why should you be concerned about it? In this article, we will examine what ozone is, how it is produced, what health hazards it poses and what you can do to reduce ozone pollution.B) Ozone is a molecule of three oxygen atoms bound together (O3). It is unstable and highly reactive. Ozone is used as a bleach, a deodorizing agent, and a sterilization agent for air and drinking water. At low concentrations, itis toxic. Ozone is found naturally in small concentrations in the stratosphere, a layer of Earth’s upper atmosphere. In this upper atmosphere, ozone is made when ultraviolet light from the sun splits an oxygen molecule (O2), forming two single oxygen atoms. If a freed atom collides with an oxygen molecule, it becomes ozone. Stratospheric ozone has been called “good” ozone because it protects the Earth’s surface from dangerous ultraviolet light.C) Ozone can also be found in the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere. Tropospheric ozone (often termed “ bad ” ozone) is man - made, a result of air pollution from internal combustion engines and power plants. Automobileexhaust and industrial emissions release a family of nitrogen oxide gases (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), by-products of burning gasoline and coal. NOx and VOC combine chemically with oxygen to form ozone during sunny, high- temperature conditions of late spring, summer and early fall. High levels of ozone are usually formed in the heat of the afternoon and early evening, dissipating during the cooler nights.D) Although ozone pollution is formed mainly in urban and suburban areas, it ends up in rural areas as well, carried by prevailing winds or resulting from cars and trucks thattravel into rural areas. Significant levels of ozonepollution can be detected in rural areas as far as 250 miles downwind from urban industrial zones.E) You can make ozone test strips to detect and monitor ozone levels in your own backyard or around your school. You will need corn starch, filter paper (coffee filters work well) and potassium iodide (can be ordered from a science education supplier such as Carolina Biological Supply or Fisher Scientific). Basically, you make a paste from water, corn starch and potassium-iodide, and you paint this paste onstrips of filter paper. You then expose the strips to the air for eight hours. Ozone in the air will react with the potassium iodide to change the color of the strip. You will also need to know the relative humidity, which you can getfrom a newspaper, weather broadcast or home weather station.F) When you inhale ozone, it travels throughout your respiratory tract. Because ozone is very corrosive, it damages the bronchioles and alveoli in your lungs, air sacsthat are important for gas exchange. Repeated exposure to ozone can inflame lung tissues and cause respiratory infections.G) Ozone exposure can aggravate existing respiratory conditions such as asthma, reduce your lung function and capacity for exercise and cause chest pains and coughing. Young children, adults who are active outdoors and peoplewith respiratory diseases are most susceptible to the high levels of ozone encountered during the summer. In addition to effects on humans, the corrosive nature of ozone can damage plants and trees. High levels of ozone can destroyagricultural crops and forest vegetation.H) To protect yourself from ozone exposure, you should be aware of the Air Quality Index (AQI) in your area every day—you can usually find it in the newspaper or on a morning weather forecast on TV or radio. You should also be familiar with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guide for ozone-alert values.I) What do the numbers in the AQI mean? The AQI measures concentrations of five air pollutants： ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. The EPA has chosen these pollutants as criteria pollutants, but these are not all of the pollutants in the air. These concentrations are compared to a standard set out in federal law. An index value of 100 means that all of the criteria pollutants are at the maximum level that is considered safefor the majority of the population. To reduce your exposureto ozone, you should avoid exercising during afternoon and early evening hours in the summer.。