专业英语翻译第一章.doc

PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC ENGINEERING

Chapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals

第1部分的电气工程基础

第1章电路原理

1.1 Electrostatic Charges

1.1 静电荷

Protons and electrons are parts of atoms that make up all things in our world. The positive charge of a proton is similar to the negative charge of an electron. However, a positive charge is the opposite of a negative charge. These charges are called electrostatic charges. Each charged particle is surrounded by an electrostatic field.

质子和电子部件的原子构成一切事物在我们的世界。正电荷的质子是类似于负电荷的电子。然而,一个正电荷的反面是一个负电荷。这些指控被称为静电荷。每个带电粒子周围是一个静电场。

The effect that electrostatic charges have on each other is very important. They either repel (move away) or attract (come together) each other. It is said that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.

这个效应,静电指控对方是非常重要的。他们要么排斥(离开)或吸引(一起)每个其他。据说,同种电荷排斥和异种电荷吸引。

The atoms of some materials can be made to gain or lose electrons. The material then becomes charged. One way to do this is to rub a glass rod with a piece of silk cloth. The glass rod loses electrons ( - ) , so it now has a positive ( + ) charge. The silk cloth pulls electrons ( - ) away from the glass. Since the silk cloth gains new electrons, it now has a negative ( - ) charge. Another way to charge a material is to rub a rubber rod with fur.

原子的一些材料可以获得或失去电子。材料然后变成带电。一个办法是摩擦玻璃棒用一块丝绸。玻璃棒失去电子(-),所以它现在有了一个积极的(+)费用。丝绸布拉电子(-)远离玻璃。因为丝绸布获得新电子,

现在有一个负(-)费用。另一种方式收取材料是磨橡胶棒带毛皮。

It is also possible to charge other materials because some materials are charged when they are brought close to another charged object. If a charged rubber rod is touched against another material, the second material may become charged. 2 Remember that materials are charged due to the movement of electrons and protons. Also, remember that when an atom loses electrons ( - ), it becomes positive ( + ). These facts are very important in the study of electronics.

也有可能收取其他材料,因为一些材料费用当他们带来了接近另一个带电物体。如果一个带电橡胶棒是感动与另一个材料,第二材料可能成为带电。2记住材料被指控由于电子和质子的运动。同时,也要记住,当一个原子失去电子(-),它成为积极的(+)。这些事实是非常重要的在学习电子产品。

Charged materials affect each other due to lines of force. These imaginary lines cannot be seen. However, they exert a force in all directions around a charged material. Their force is similar to the force of gravity around the earth. This force is called a gravitational field.

带电材料互相影响由于力线。这些假想的线不能被看到。然而,他们施加一个力向四面八方围绕一个带电材料。他们的力量是类似于重力围绕地球。这个力称为引力场。

Most people have observed the effect of static electricity. Whenever objects become charged, it is due to static electricity. A common example of static electricity is lightning. Lightning is caused by a difference in charge ( + and - ) between the earth's surface and the clouds during a storm. The arc produced by lightning is the movement of charges between the earth and the clouds. Another common effect of static electricity is being "shocked" by a doorknob after Walking across a carpeted floor. Static electricity also causes clothes taken from a dryer to cling together and hair to stick to a comb.

大多数人已经观察到效果的静电。每当对象成为带电,这是由于静电。一个常见的例子,静电是闪电。