2020年高考英语三轮冲刺3500词汇构词法词缀汇总

1.否定前缀

[un-]

unaware 不知道的uncertain 不确定的

uneasy 不安的unfair 不公平的

unhealthy 不健康的unimportant 不重要的

unnecessary 不必要的unpleasant 不愉快的

unreasonable 不合理的untidy 不整洁的

unusual 不寻常的unwise 不明智的

undress 脱衣unfold 打开

unload 卸车unlock 开……的锁

unfreeze 解冻unearth 出土，挖掘

uncover 揭露

①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr.Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences.

尽管酷孩子看起来令人羡慕，普林斯坦的研究显示了令人不愉快的结果。

②I felt uneasy at the presence of so many strangers.

面对这么多陌生人，我感觉很不自在。

③Although sparrows showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.

虽然麻雀数量没有减少的迹象，但食物链还是总体处于不健康的状态。

[in-，im­/il­，ir­]

inactive 不活跃的incomplete 不完整的

insignificant 不重要的incapable 无能力的

improper 不合适的inappropriate 不合适的

inaccurate 不精确的inconvenient 不方便的

indirect 间接的immature 不成熟的

impatient 不耐烦的imperfect 不完美的

impractical 不现实illogical 不合逻辑的

illegal 不合法的irregular 不规则的

irresponsible 不负责任的

①(2019·天津高考)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support.

汤姆很独立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否则他从不征求父母的意见。

②Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.

产品因使用不当而造成的损坏，第一年可享受免费维修。

[dis-]

disability 残疾disappear 消失

discourage 使气馁disclose 揭露

discover 发现disagree 不同意

disapprove 不赞成disobey 不服从

dishonest 不诚实的dissatisfied 不满意的

disadvantage 缺点disorder 紊乱

disuse 废弃

①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.

有些职位要求学生的年龄在15至24岁或残疾人士达到29岁。

②They made some experiments in a house disused for years.

他们在一间废弃多年的屋子里做了一些实验。

③(2019·江苏高考任务型阅读)As a result，humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. Yet walking upright has its disadvantage.

因此，人类可以用手执行非常复杂的任务。然而直立行走也有它的缺点。

2.错误前缀

[mis-]

miscalculate 误算mislead 误导

misunderstand 误解misuse 滥用

misspell 拼错mistrust 不信任

①If I am not miscalculating, there are 3 times in all.

如果我没算错的话，总共有3次。

②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.

把英语作为第二语言学习可能是一段痛苦的经历。你需要的是一个让你犯错的好老师。

3.方位前缀

[super-（也可表示程度）]

superhero 超级英雄superiority 优越；优等

superman 超人supermarket 超市

superstar 巨星；超级明星superstore 大型超市

①(2018·6月浙江高考阅读七选五) Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.

有时邻居可能会一起去超市购物。

②Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.

超级巨星们不能随意行动，因为他们不能不担心那些装备了高级相机的摄影师们。

③They should focus on the superiority of products.

他们应该关注产品的优势。

[sub-]

Suburb 郊区subway地铁

Substitute 代替

①With new subway lines built, it is very convenient for us to go travelling.

建成了新的地铁线路，我们去旅行很方便了。

②The baby monkeys picked the soft mother-substitutes as their favourites.

猴宝宝们挑了手感柔软的母亲替代物作为它们的最爱。

[over-]

overestimate高估overreact 反应过度

overuse过度使用overcrowded 过度拥挤的

①He could not help overreacting to different opinions against his.

对那些反对他的不同观点，他忍不住反应过度了。

②Healthy way of life also means avoiding overuse of medicine.

健康的生活方式也意味着避免用药过量。

③It is expected to carry 20，000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the centre of the city.