经济管理专业英语
林业经济管理专业英语
第一部分：THE ABSTRACT（摘要）摘自于《Economic impact of enlarging the area of protected forests in Estonia 》-------Risto Sirgmet, Paavo Kaimre, Allar Padari Abstract:The article deals with the economic impact of increasing strictly protected forest areas from the current 8.2% level up to 10% from the total forest area in Estonia. Whereas there is no concrete selection of areas added in the group of strictly protected forests, the impact on annual lost income due to forest management not carried out in protected forests was assessed according to two different assumptions:1.changing the status of forest without management restrictions(formal commercialforests) into the strictly protected ones;2.changing the status of forests with management restrictions（formal protectionforests）into the strictly protected onesAchieving the target set by the Estonian Forest Development Program, increasing the share of strictly protected forests up to 10%, an additional 39,000 ha of forest land will be out management. Increasing the conservation area by 1.8% by forest without management restrictions, the reduction in potential net revenue will be 2% per year. Achieving the goal by conserving the forests with management restrictions, the total income will decrease by 0.76-1.9% per year. To realize the goal set by the Estonian Forestry Development Program until 2010 and 2020 to enlarge the protected forest area up to 10% form one side ,and the current economic recession on the other side, the economic solution could be enlarging the conservation of forests with management restrictions.评析：这是一篇关于《爱沙尼亚森林保护区扩大对经济的影响》的期刊论文，选择这篇论文的摘要的原因是以下几个方面：1.这篇论文体现了林业与经济之间的密切关系，与本专业研究领域相符。
经管专业英语词汇
第一单元Business 企业profits 利润economic system 经济体系capital 资本Factors of production 生产要素labor 劳动力entrepreneur 企业家physical resources 物质资源Information resources 信息资源planned economy 计划经济market 市场market economy 市场经济Input market 投入市场output market 产出市场capitalism 资本主义privatization 私有化Socialism 社会主义demand 需求supply 供给law of demand 需求法则Law of supply 供给法则demand and supply schedule 需求和供给表demand curve 需求曲线Supply curve 供给曲线market price 市场价格surplus 过剩shortage 短缺Private Enterprise 私有企业competition 竞争perfect competition 完全竞争monopoly 垄断Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争natural monopoly 自然垄断business cycle 商业周期aggregate output 总产出Standard of living 生活水平gross domestic product 国内生产总值productivity 生产率national debt 国有债务Stability 稳定inflation 通货膨胀unemployment 失业recession 衰退Consumer price index 消费者价格指数depression 萧条fiscal policies 财政政策monetary policies 货币决策Stabilization policy 稳定政策第二单元Ethics 道德ethical behavior 道德行为unethical behavior 不道德行为business ethics商业道德Managerial ethics 管理伦理social responsibility 社会责任consumerism 消费者至上主义collusion 串谋Organizational stakeholders 组织利益相关者whistle-blower 内部举报人check kiting 开空头支票insider trading 内幕交易Obstructionist stance 阻碍着立场defensive stance 防伪立场accommodative stance 顺应立场proactive stance 积极立场Social audit 社会审计第三单元Small business administration 小企业管理局small business 小企业entrepreneur 企业家business plan 商业计划Venture capital company 风险资本公司franchise 特许经营权corporation 公司sole proprietorship 独资企业Small-business investment company 小企业投资公司small business development center 小企业发展中心Unlimited liability 无限责任limited partnership 有限合伙关系limited partner 有限合伙人general partner 一般合伙人Limited liability 有限责任tender offer 股权收购double taxation 双重课税professional corporation 专业公司Closely held corporation 封闭型控股公司publicly held corporation 公众持股公司S corporation s 型公司limited liability corporation 有限责任公司multinational 跨国公司Corporate governance 公司治理stockholder 股东stock 股票preferred stock 优先股Common stock 普通股board of directors 董事会chief executive officer 首席执行官merger 兼并Strategic Alliance 战略联盟joint venture 合资企业institutional investor 机构投资者acquisition 收购Employee stock ownership plan 雇员持股计划divestiture 剥离spin-off 拆分第四单元Globalization 全球化import 进口产品export 出口产品General Agreement on tariffs and trade 关贸总协定North American free agreement 北美自由贸易协定Europe Union 欧盟world trade organization 世界贸易组织Absolute advantage 绝对优势comparative advantage 比较优势National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势balance of trade 贸易差额Trade deficit 贸易赤字trade surplus 贸易盈余balance of payments 国际收支平衡Exchange rate 汇率euro 欧元exporter 出口商Importer 进口商international firm 国际企业multinational firm 跨国企业Independent agent 独立代理商licensing arrangement 许可协议branch office 分支机构Strategic Alliance 战略联盟foreign direct investment 外国直接投资quota 配额Embargo 禁运tariff 关税subsidy 补贴Protectionism 保护主义local content law 本地内容法business practice law 企业业务法Cartel 卡特尔dumping 倾销第五单元Goal 目标strategy 战略corporate strategy 公司战略Business（or competitive ）strategy 经营（或竞争）战略functional strategy 职能战略Mission statement 使命陈述书long-term goals 长期目标intermediate goals 中期目标Short-term goals 短期目标strategy formulation 战略制定strategic goal 战略目标SWOT analysis SWOT 分析environmental analysis 环境分析organizational analysis 组织分析strategic plan 战略计划tactical plan 策略计划operational plan 经营计划contingency planning 应急计划crisis management 危机管理management 管理planning 计划organizing 组织directing 指挥controlling 控制top managers 高层管理者middle managers 中层管理者first-line managers 一线管理者technical skills 专业机能human relations skills 人际关系技能conceptual skills 概念思考技能decision-making skills 决策技能management skills 时间管理技能corporate culture 企业文化第六单元organizational structure 组织结构organization chart 组织图chain of command 指挥链job specialization 工作专业化departmentalization 部门化profit center 利润中心customer departmentalization 客户部门化product departmentalization 产品部门化process departmentalization 过程部门化geographic departmentalization 地区部门化functional departmentalization 职能部门化responsibility 职能authority 职权delegation 授权accountability 责任centralized organization 集权式组织decentralized organization 分权式组织flat organizational structure 扁平式组织结构tall organizational structure 直线式组织结构span of control 控制幅度line authority 直线职权line department 直线部门staff authority 参谋职权staff members 参谋人员committee and team authority 委员会和团队职权functional organization 职能组织divisional organization 事业部组织division 事业部matrix structure 矩阵结构international organizational structure 国际化组织结构informal organization 非正式组织grapevine 葡萄藤intrapreneuring 内部创业第八章Human resource management 人力资源管理job analysis 工作分析job description 工作描述job specification 工作规范Replacement chart 调配图employee information system 雇员信息系统recruiting 招聘internal recruiting 内部招聘External recruiting 外部招聘validation 确认on the job training 在职培训off the job training 工作外培训Vestibule training 模拟培训performance appraisal 绩效培训compensation system 薪酬体系wages 工资salary 薪水incentive program 激励计划bonus 资金merit salary system 绩效工资制pay for performance 按绩效付酬制profit sharing plan 利润分享计划gainsharing plan 收益分享计划pay for knowledge 按知识付酬计划workers’compensation insurance 员工工伤补偿保险cafeteria benefit 自助式福利计划equal employment opportunity 平等就业机会equal employment opportunity commission 平等就业机会委员会protected class 受保护阶层affirmative 平权措施计划sexual harassment性骚扰quid pro quo harassment 交易性性骚扰hostile work environment 不良工作环境骚扰employment at will 雇用自由workforce diversity 劳动力多样性knowledge workers 知识型员工contingent worker 临时员工labor Union 工会labor relation 劳资关系collective bargaining 集体谈判cost of living adjustment 生活费用调整方案wage reopener clause工资重新协商条款strike 罢工economic strike 经济罢工sympathy strike 同情罢工wildcat strike 自发罢工picketing 纠察boycott 联合抵制slow down 怠工lockout 停工strikebreaker 破坏罢工者mediation 调停voluntary arbitration 自愿仲裁compulsory arbitration 强制仲裁第十章Marketing 营销value 估价utility 效用consumer goods 消费品Industrial 工业品services 服务relationship marketing 关系营销external environment 外部环境Substitute product 替代品brand competition 品牌竞争international competition 国际竞争marketing manager 营销经理Marketing plan 营销计划marketing mix 营销组合product 产品product differentiation 产品差异化Distribution 分销target market 目标市场marketing segmentation 市场细分geographic variable 地里变量Demographic variables 人口变量Psychographic variables 心理变量consumer behavior 消费者行为brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度Rational motives 理性动机emotional motives 情感动机data warehousing 数据仓库data mining 数据挖掘Industrial market 工业市场reseller market 经销商市场institutional market 机构市场feature 特征Value package 价值包convenience good 便利产品shopping good 选购产品specialty good 特殊产品Expense item 费用产品capital item 资本项目product mix 产品组合product line 产品线Speed to market 加速上市product life cycle 产品生命周期branding 品牌推广branding awareness 品牌意识National brand 全国性品牌licensed brand 特许品牌private brand 自有品牌packaging 包装第十三章Accounting 会计bookkeeping 记录controller 总会计师financial accounting system 财务会计系统Accounting information system 会计信息系统management accounting system 管理会计系统Certified public accountant 注册会计师audit 审计generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则Management advisory services 管理咨询服务private accountant 私人会计asset资产Certified management accountant 执业管理会计师liability 负债owners‘equity 所有者权益Double-entry accounting system 复式会计系统financial statement 财务报告balance sheet资产负债表Current asset 流动资产liquidity 流动性account receivable 应收账款merchandise inventory 商品库存Prepaid expense预付费用fixed asset 固定资产depreciation 折旧intangible asset 无形资产Goodwill 商誉current liability 流动负债account payable 应付账款long-term liability 长期负债Paid-in capital 实收资本retained earnings 留存收益income statement 损益表revenues 收入Cost of goods sold 产品销售成本gross profit 总利润operating expenses营业费用operating income 营业收入Net income 净收入statement of cash flows 现金流量表budget 预算solvency ratio 偿付能力比率Profitability ratio 获利能力比率activity ratio 活动比率liquidity ratio 流动比率current ratio 流动比率Working capital 营运资金debt ratio 负债比率debt-to-owners’equity ratio 权益负债比率debt 负债Leverage杠杆经营return on equity 权益回报率earnings per share每股收益inventory turnover ratio 存货周转率Foreign currency exchange rate 外币汇率。
经济学专业英语[汇总]
![经济学专业英语[汇总]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/19a2a6ed760bf78a6529647d27284b73f24236cc.png)
Unit one经济体系economic system经济目标economic goal经济活动economic activi ty经济增长economic growth经济萧条economic depressi on经济理论economic theory经济收益economic benefi t经济效益economic resul t s经济效益economic performance 经济效益economic effectiveness 经济环境economic environment经济政策economic policy经济欲望economic want s经济模式economic mound/model经济杠杆economic lever经济机构economic instituti on经济布局economic pattern经济命脉economic lifeline经济结构economic structure经济合同economic contract经济危机economic crisis经济奇迹economic miracl e经济实体economic entity经济制裁economic sancti on经济基础economic bas is/base经济复苏economic recovery Unit two有效需求effective demand市场需求market demand供大于求oversupply/gult(supply exceed s demand)供给曲线supply curve需求量quantity deman ded需求变化change in demanded需求定律law of demand需求曲线demand curve供不应求weak supply市场机制market mechanism需求分析demand analys is供给表supply schedule反向关系negative relationship市场价格market price均衡价格equilibrium pri ce实际价格actual priceUnit three讨价还价price bargai n价格可比性price comparability 时价表/行情表price current最低价（限度）price fl oor最高价（限度）price ceiling价格波动price fluctuation物价指数price index价格变动幅度price range价格暴涨price boom价格管制price control价格预测price expectation 提价price increase物价水平price level价格尺度price measure价格剪刀差price scissors物价稳定price stabili ty物价螺旋上升price spiral价格战price war价格调整price adjustment价格歧视price discriminationUnit four利润最大化profit maximizati on总收益total revenue机会成本opportunity costs显性成本explicit costs隐性成本implicit costs经济利润economic profi t会计利润accounting profit正常利润normal profi t固定成本fixed costs可变成本variable costs平均总成本average total costs边际成本marginal costs 私人成本private costs社会成本social costs经济决策economic decision maki ngUnit five进入壁垒barriers to entry潜在原因potential cause现实经济actual economy市场份额market share公共利益public interest收取较高价格charge high er price s赚取较多利润earn higher profi t s自然垄断natural monopol y垄断地位monopoly positi on竞争性市场competitive market增强竞争increase competition行政管理人员administrative staff成本-收益分析cost-benefit analys i s管制制度regulatory system无谓损失deadweight l oss筹款raise money集体所有制collective ownership利益集团interest group产业革命industrial revolution实际上（3个）in practice/effect/essence与此相比b y c ontrast简而言之put s implyUnit six不完全竞争imperfect competition市场结构market structure制造业manufacturing industry产品差异化product differentiation相互依赖mutual interdependence换句话说（3个）stated another waystated differently/in other word s标准化产品standardized product法律壁垒legal barrier非价格竞争non price competiti on运动鞋athletic shoe减价（2个）price cut/reduction涨价price hike做出定价决策make pricing deci si on s价格刚性price rigidity价格大战price war瓦解break up贫富差距the gap between the rich and the poorUnit seven国民收入核算national income account国内生产总值gross adj.总共的domestic product国民生产总值gross national product 国内生产净值net domestic product实际国内生产总值real gross domestic product名义国内生产总值nominal gross domestic product现值美元current dollar最终产品final good s增加值，附加值value added销售税sales tax市场价格market price净收入net income生产要素factor of product ion不变美元constant dollar中间产品intermediate good s本期产出current output货物税excise n. 消费税；货物税tax净价net price要素成本factor cost实际产出physical outputUnit eight资本积累capital accumulati on总生产函数aggregate production function劳动供给labor supply物质资本physical capital收益递减diminishing returns人力资本human capital资本存量capital stock劳动生产率labor product ivity劳动力labor force规模经济economi es n.节约（economy复数）of scale Unit nine抢购panic n. 恐慌buying基年base year加权法weight measurement物价指数price index收入分配income distribution需求拉上型通货膨胀demand-pull inflation 成本推动型通货膨胀cost-push inflation通货膨胀率inflation rate生产价值produc tion value货币供应量money suppl yUnit eleven外汇资产foreign exchange assets n. 资产外汇经纪人foreign exchange broker外汇负债foreign exchange liabilities负债外汇市场foreign exchange market外汇汇率foreign exchange rate资产结合平衡理论portfolio证券投资组合balance theory中央银行central bank干预市场intervene干涉in the market外汇银行foreign exchange bank外汇波动foreign exchange fluctuation外汇许可foreign exchange license外汇牌价foreign exchange quotati ons外汇储备foreign exchange reserve s n. 储备货币理论monetary theory增加需求increase demand以英镑标价的证券Sterling-denominated securitiesUnit twelve金融市场financial market金融中心financial center金融工具financial instrument金融资本financial capital金融体系financial system金融机制financial mechani sm金融危机financial crisis金融期货financial future金融机构financial institution金融风险financial risk金融债券financial bond金融政策financial poli cy国际储备international reserve国际结算international settlement国际汇兑international exchange国际金融international finance国际债务international debt国际租赁international leasing国际货币体系international monetary system 国际资本流动international capital movement国际外汇市场international foreign exchange market国际货币基金组织International Monetary Fund。
与经济管理有关的 几个m单词
与经济管理有关的几个m单词经济管理涉及各种各样的概念和术语，其中有许多以字母"M"开头。
下面是与经济管理有关的几个以"M"开头的词语，以及对它们的详细解释。
1. 市场经济（Market Economy）：市场经济是一种经济体系，其中资源的分配和生产决策是由市场上的供需关系和价格产生的。
在市场经济中，生产、消费和投资决策是由个体和企业自主决定的，而政府的干预仅限于维持市场顺利运转和提供公共产品。
2. 货币政策（Monetary Policy）：货币政策是指中央银行通过调整货币供应量和利率等手段来影响经济活动和稳定物价的政策。
货币政策的目标通常是维持价格稳定、促进经济增长和就业。
3. 营销（Marketing）：营销是指企业根据市场需求和竞争状况，通过市场调研、产品定位、市场推广等手段来满足顾客需求、促进销售和提高品牌价值的管理活动。
营销包括市场营销、品牌营销、数字营销等各个方面。
4. 管理（Management）：管理是一种协调和组织资源来实现组织目标的活动。
经济管理是在特定的经济环境下，对资源分配和利益协调进行决策和操作的过程。
它包括计划、组织、领导和控制等各个方面。
5. 宏观经济学（Macroeconomics）：宏观经济学是研究经济体整体表现和宏观变量（如国内生产总值、失业率、通货膨胀等）的学科。
它关注整体经济运行的规律和宏观经济政策的制定。
6. 人力资源管理（Human Resource Management）：人力资源管理是企业或组织通过招募、选用、培训、绩效评估等手段来管理和开发人力资源的过程。
它旨在提高员工的工作效能，促进组织目标的实现。
7. 国际贸易（International Trade）：国际贸易是指不同国家之间的商品和服务的交换活动。
它可以促进资源的有效配置和经济增长，并加强国家之间的经济联系。
8. 竞争策略（Competitive Strategy）：竞争策略是企业根据市场竞争和自身资源优势，制定并实施的长期发展方向和竞争优势的计划。
经济管理专业英文自我介绍
经济管理专业英文自我介绍Hello, my name is [Your Name], and I am excited to share with you a brief overview of my academic journey,professional skills, practical experience, personal traits, future aspirations, English proficiency, hobbies, and a heartfelt conclusion.1. Academic BackgroundMy academic journey has been centered around Economicsand Management, two fields that have constantly fascinated me.I completed my Bachelor's Degree in Economics and Master's Degree in Management, focusing on areas such as macroeconomics, microeconomics, finance, marketing, and strategic planning. During my academic pursuits, I have been awarded several scholarships and honors for my academic excellence and contributions to the community.2. Professional Skills MasteryMy academic studies have not only equipped me with theoretical knowledge but also practical skills. I amproficient in data analysis, market research, financial modeling, and decision-making using economic principles. I am also skilled in using various software tools such as Excel, SPSS, and R for statistical analysis and data visualization.3. Practical ExperienceTo complement my academic learning, I have gained valuable practical experience through internships and part-time roles. I have worked with leading organizations in the industry, where I was responsible for managing projects, conducting market research, analyzing financial data, and developing strategic plans. These experiences have helped me apply my theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios, making me a well-rounded professional.4. Personal Traits and CapabilitiesI am a self-motivated individual with strong problem-solving skills. I excel in teamwork and am adept at leading and motivating teams towards achieving common goals. My communication skills are exceptional, and I am comfortable presenting ideas and strategies to diverse audiences. Additionally, I am detail-oriented, organized, and have the ability to handle pressure and tight deadlines effectively.5. Future Development PlansLooking ahead, I aspire to build a successful career in the field of Economics and Management. My goal is to work in a leading organization where I can contribute to strategic decision-making, manage projects, and lead teams towards achieving organizational objectives. I am also interested in furthering my studies by pursuing a PhD in Economics orManagement, specializing in areas such as behavioral economics or strategic management.6. English Proficiency DemonstrationEnglish has been an integral part of my academic and professional journey. I am fluent in both written and spoken English, which has enabled me to communicate effectively with international peers and professionals. My ability to read and understand complex economic literature and write clear, concise reports and proposals has been instrumental in my academic and professional success.7. Hobbies and Supplementary InterestsOutside of my academic and professional life, I have a diverse range of hobbies and interests. I enjoy reading books on history, philosophy, and economics, which help me broaden my perspective and understand the world better. I am also passionate about traveling, as it allows me to explore new cultures, meet people from diverse backgrounds, and gain insights into global trends and developments. Additionally, I am interested in fitness and maintain a healthy lifestyle by regularly exercising and following a balanced diet.8. Conclusion and Heartfelt ThanksI would like to conclude this introduction by expressing my sincere gratitude for the opportunity to introduce myself.I am excited about the future and look forward to applying myknowledge, skills, and experiences to contribute to the success of any organization I am associated with. Thank you for considering my application, and I am eager to discuss how I can contribute to your team.。
经济英语词汇大全掌握经济领域的专业术语
经济英语词汇大全掌握经济领域的专业术语经济英语词汇大全——掌握经济领域的专业术语经济英语是专门用于描述经济领域的语言。
掌握经济英语词汇对于从事经济学、国际贸易、金融等相关工作的人来说至关重要。
本篇文章将为您提供一个经济英语词汇大全，帮助您扩充经济领域的专业术语。
一、宏观经济学（Macroeconomics）宏观经济学研究整体经济活动，包括国家的经济增长、通货膨胀率、失业率等。
在宏观经济学中，以下术语是必须掌握的：1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)：国内生产总值，衡量一个国家或地区在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和服务的市场价值。
2. Inflation：通货膨胀，指货币流通量增加，导致商品和服务价格普遍上涨的现象。
3. Unemployment Rate：失业率，表示劳动力市场上正在找工作但找不到工作的人口所占的比例。
4. Fiscal Policy：财政政策，指政府通过调整税收和政府支出来影响经济活动的手段。
5. Monetary Policy：货币政策，指中央银行通过调整货币供应量和利率来控制经济增长和通货膨胀的手段。
二、国际贸易（International Trade）国际贸易是指不同国家之间的商品和服务交换活动。
了解以下国际贸易的专业术语可以帮助您更好地理解相关领域的内容：1. Import：进口，指从外国购买商品或服务并引入本国。
2. Export：出口，指本国商品或服务的销售给其他国家。
3. Trade Balance：贸易平衡，指一个国家或地区进口和出口之间的差额。
4. Tariff：关税，是对进口货物征收的税费。
5. Free Trade Agreement：自由贸易协定，是为促进成员国之间贸易自由化而签订的协议。
三、金融（Finance）金融领域涉及金融市场、投资、风险管理等综合性经济活动。
以下是一些金融方面常用的经济英语词汇：1. Stock Market：股票市场，指股票的买卖和交易所的场所。
经济类各专业课程英文名称
22
必修
投资银行理论与实务
TheoryandPracticesof InvestmentBank
孙浩
23
必修
外汇业务与管理（I）
FOREXOperation& Management（I）
廖尧麟
24
必修
财务管理（I）
FinancialManagement（I）
严 俊
25
限选
市场营销（II）
Marketing（Ⅱ）
阮建军
9
必修
经济法
EconomicLaws
王新周
10
必修
国际贸易（I）
International Trade（Ⅰ）
傅江景
11
必修
管理学（II）
Management（Ⅱ）
何苏华
12
必修
国际贸易实务（I）
Practices ofInternationalTrade（Ⅰ）
李军
13
必修
市场营销（II）
Marketing（Ⅱ）
Practices ofInternationalTrade（II）
郭影帆
31
任选
金融研究专题讲座
Special Topics on Finance Studies
尹祖宁
32
任选
国际经济与贸易前沿专题
SpecialTopicsonInternationalEconomy&Trade
罗良忠
33
任选
WTO（金融）专题
陆明祥
《会计学专业》课程英文名称
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类别
序号
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关于经济管理专业英语第四版部分翻译
第一部分 PART 1 MICROECONOMICS第一篇The Concept of Utility 效用的概念经济学家最开始研究消费者行为学是在一个多世纪前当心理学界流行一种说法：人们的很多行为可以解释为人们为了尽可能获得更多的幸福、规避更多的痛苦而做的努力。
这种苦乐心跳很快便被经济学家借用了并运用于消费者的消费行为中并使之成为解释消费者行为的第一个系统理论：基础的经济论点是理智的消费者会有意识的管理他们对于商品和服务的消费来时总体满意度最大。
经济学家把人们对商品和服务的需求与满足称为“效用”。
效用的概念侧重于拥有、使用、消费商品与服务或者从中获益相关的快乐和满足。
是商品固有的效用而且不管商品具有什么样的质量它都有满足幸福感的能力。
效用的来源和引发效用的原因是多种多样的，提一下最主要的：更加健康的身体、富有美感的外观和设计、简单的使用方法、风格和品位、耐用性、方便性、奢华度、舒适度、个性、快乐、威信、地位自尊、安全、自我满足还有权力。
因此效用既有客观特征又有主观特征尤其跟个人品味、偏好、感觉、个性的构成及思维的状态有关。
总的来说，商品拥有的或可识别的效用是可变的，并不是绝对的。
首先，对于同一件商品两个人不会拥有同样程度的满足感，一个人可能通过吸烟获得巨大的效用然而另外的人却觉得很讨厌；凯迪拉克对某些人而言可以说是重要的地位象征（因此获得巨大的效用），然而对已其他人却只有很少或几乎没有效用。
不同的人买同样一件商品的用途和目的有很大的不同。
以花生为例，有的人买了后放在鸡尾酒晚会上油的人买来做花生糖，还有人买来喂松鼠，有几种不同的情形就有几种不同的效用，而且一种商品产生的效用也会随着时间的不同而不同。
汽油价格的上升，很快的调整了人们对小型汽车的效用的看法，羊毛衣的效用或说需求满足的动力对于段冬气候下的人和长冬气候下的人而言就不一样。
不同的人队商品和服务的看法不同，如果这些因素都不考虑的话，对于人们买什么或卖多少，效用的概念提供了以个有意义的根据来解释人们的这种偏好。
经管专业英语词汇
第一单元Business 企业profits利润economic system 经济体系capital 资本Factors of production生产要素labor劳动力entrepreneur 企业家physical resources物质资源Information resources信息资源planned economy计划经济market 市场market economy市场经济Input market投入市场output market产出市场capitalism资本主义privatization私有化Socialism社会主义demand需求supply供给law of demand需求法则Law of supply供给法则demand and supply schedule需求和供给表demand curve 需求曲线Supply curve供给曲线market price市场价格surplus过剩shortage 短缺Private Enterprise私有企业competition竞争perfect competition完全竞争monopoly垄断Monopolistic competition垄断竞争natural monopoly自然垄断business cycle商业周期aggregate output总产出Standard of living生活水平gross domestic product国内生产总值productivity生产率national debt国有债务Stability稳定inflation通货膨胀unemployment失业recession衰退Consumer price index消费者价格指数depression萧条fiscal policies财政政策monetary policies货币决策Stabilization policy稳定政策第二单元Ethics道德ethical behavior道德行为unethical behavior不道德行为business ethics商业道德Managerial ethics管理伦理social responsibility社会责任consumerism消费者至上主义collusion串谋Organizational stakeholders组织利益相关者whistle-blower内部举报人check kiting开空头支票insider trading内幕交易Obstructionist stance阻碍着立场defensive stance防伪立场accommodative stance顺应立场proactive stance积极立场Social audit社会审计第三单元Small business administration小企业管理局small business小企业entrepreneur企业家business plan商业计划Venture capital company风险资本公司franchise特许经营权corporation公司sole proprietorship独资企业Small-business investment company小企业投资公司small business development center小企业发展中心Unlimited liability无限责任limited partnership有限合伙关系limited partner有限合伙人general partner一般合伙人Limited liability有限责任tender offer股权收购double taxation双重课税professional corporation专业公司Closely held corporation封闭型控股公司publicly held corporation公众持股公司S corporation s型公司limited liability corporation有限责任公司multinational跨国公司Corporate governance公司治理stockholder股东stock股票preferred stock优先股Common stock普通股board of directors董事会chief executive officer首席执行官merger兼并Strategic Alliance战略联盟joint venture合资企业institutional investor机构投资者acquisition收购Employee stock ownership plan雇员持股计划divestiture剥离spin-off拆分第四单元Globalization 全球化import进口产品export 出口产品General Agreement on tariffs and trade 关贸总协定North American free agreement 北美自由贸易协定Europe Union 欧盟world trade organization 世界贸易组织Absolute advantage 绝对优势comparative advantage 比较优势National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势balance of trade 贸易差额Trade deficit 贸易赤字trade surplus 贸易盈余balance of payments 国际收支平衡Exchange rate 汇率euro欧元exporter 出口商Importer 进口商international firm国际企业multinational firm 跨国企业Independent agent 独立代理商licensing arrangement 许可协议branch office 分支机构Strategic Alliance 战略联盟foreign direct investment 外国直接投资quota 配额Embargo 禁运tariff 关税subsidy补贴Protectionism 保护主义local content law 本地内容法business practice law 企业业务法Cartel 卡特尔dumping 倾销第五单元Goal 目标strategy 战略corporate strategy 公司战略Business（or competitive）strategy 经营（或竞争）战略functional strategy 职能战略Mission statement 使命陈述书long-term goals 长期目标intermediate goals 中期目标Short-term goals 短期目标strategy formulation 战略制定strategic goal 战略目标SWOT analysis SWOT分析environmental analysis 环境分析organizational analysis 组织分析strategic plan 战略计划tactical plan 策略计划operational plan 经营计划contingency planning 应急计划crisis management 危机管理management 管理planning 计划organizing 组织directing 指挥controlling 控制top managers 高层管理者middle managers 中层管理者first-line managers 一线管理者technical skills 专业机能human relations skills 人际关系技能conceptual skills 概念思考技能decision-making skills 决策技能management skills 时间管理技能corporate culture 企业文化第六单元organizational structure 组织结构organization chart组织图chain of command 指挥链job specialization 工作专业化departmentalization 部门化profit center 利润中心customer departmentalization 客户部门化product departmentalization 产品部门化process departmentalization 过程部门化geographic departmentalization 地区部门化functional departmentalization 职能部门化responsibility 职能authority 职权delegation 授权accountability 责任centralized organization 集权式组织decentralized organization 分权式组织flat organizational structure 扁平式组织结构tall organizational structure 直线式组织结构span of control 控制幅度line authority 直线职权line department 直线部门staff authority 参谋职权staff members 参谋人员committee and team authority 委员会和团队职权functional organization 职能组织divisional organization 事业部组织division 事业部matrix structure 矩阵结构international organizational structure 国际化组织结构informal organization 非正式组织grapevine 葡萄藤intrapreneuring 内部创业第八章Human resource management人力资源管理job analysis工作分析job description工作描述job specification工作规范Replacement chart调配图employee information system雇员信息系统recruiting招聘internal recruiting内部招聘External recruiting外部招聘validation确认on the job training在职培训off the job training工作外培训Vestibule training模拟培训performance appraisal绩效培训compensation system薪酬体系wages工资salary薪水incentive program激励计划bonus资金merit salary system绩效工资制pay for performance按绩效付酬制profit sharing plan利润分享计划gainsharing plan收益分享计划pay for knowledge按知识付酬计划workers’ compensation insurance员工工伤补偿保险cafeteria benefit自助式福利计划equal employment opportunity平等就业机会equal employment opportunity commission平等就业机会委员会protected class受保护阶层affirmative平权措施计划sexual harassment性骚扰quid pro quo harassment交易性性骚扰hostile work environment不良工作环境骚扰employment at will雇用自由workforce diversity劳动力多样性knowledge workers知识型员工contingent worker临时员工labor Union工会labor relation劳资关系collective bargaining集体谈判cost of living adjustment生活费用调整方案wage reopener clause工资重新协商条款strike罢工economic strike经济罢工sympathy strike同情罢工wildcat strike自发罢工picketing纠察boycott联合抵制slow down怠工lockout停工strikebreaker破坏罢工者mediation 调停voluntary arbitration自愿仲裁compulsory arbitration强制仲裁第十章Marketing营销value估价utility效用consumer goods消费品Industrial工业品services服务relationship marketing关系营销external environment外部环境Substitute product替代品brand competition品牌竞争international competition国际竞争marketing manager营销经理Marketing plan营销计划marketing mix营销组合product产品product differentiation产品差异化Distribution分销target market目标市场marketing segmentation市场细分geographic variable地里变量Demographic variables人口变量Psychographic variables心理变量consumer behavior消费者行为brand loyalty品牌忠诚度Rational motives理性动机emotional motives情感动机data warehousing数据仓库data mining数据挖掘Industrial market工业市场reseller market经销商市场institutional market机构市场feature特征Value package价值包convenience good 便利产品shopping good选购产品specialty good特殊产品Expense item费用产品capital item 资本项目product mix产品组合product line产品线Speed to market加速上市product life cycle产品生命周期branding品牌推广branding awareness品牌意识National brand全国性品牌licensed brand特许品牌private brand自有品牌packaging包装第十三章Accounting会计bookkeeping记录controller总会计师financial accounting system财务会计系统Accounting information system会计信息系统management accounting system管理会计系统Certified public accountant注册会计师audit审计generally accepted accounting principles公认会计原则Management advisory services管理咨询服务private accountant私人会计asset资产Certified management accountant执业管理会计师liability负债owners‘equity所有者权益Double-entry accounting system复式会计系统financial statement财务报告balance sheet资产负债表Current asset流动资产liquidity流动性account receivable应收账款merchandise inventory商品库存Prepaid expense预付费用fixed asset固定资产depreciation折旧intangible asset无形资产Goodwill商誉current liability流动负债account payable应付账款long-term liability长期负债Paid-in capital实收资本retained earnings留存收益income statement损益表revenues收入Cost of goods sold产品销售成本gross profit总利润operating expenses营业费用operating income营业收入Net income净收入statement of cash flows现金流量表budget预算solvency ratio偿付能力比率Profitability ratio获利能力比率activity ratio活动比率liquidity ratio流动比率current ratio流动比率Working capital营运资金debt ratio负债比率debt-to-owners’ equity ratio权益负债比率debt负债Leverage杠杆经营return on equity权益回报率earnings per share每股收益inventory turnover ratio存货周转率Foreign currency exchange rate外币汇率。
经济学专业英语词汇整理
分享返回分享首页»分享经济学专业英语词汇整理来源：金相彬S.K.的日志1、Ability-to-pay principle（of taxation）（税收的）支付能力原则按照纳税人支付能力确定纳税负担的原则。
纳税人支付能力依据其收人或财富来衡量。
这一原则并不说明某经济状况较好的人到底该比别人多负担多少。
2、Absolute advantage 绝对优势如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
3、Accelerator principle 加速原理解释产出率变动同方向地引致投资需求变动的理论。
4、Actual, cyclical, and structural budget 实际预算、周期预算和结构预算实际预算的赤字或盈余指的是某年份实际记录的赤字或盈余。
实际预算可划分成结构预算和周期预算。
结构预算假定经济在潜在产出水平上运行，并据此测算该经济条件下的政府税入、支出和赤字等指标。
周期预算基于所预测的商业周期（及其经济波动）对预算的影响。
5、Adaptive expectations 适应性预期见预期（expectations）。
6、Adjustable peg 可调整钉住一种（固定）汇率制度。
在该制度下，各国货币对其他货币保持一种固定的或曰"钉住的"汇率。
当某些基本因素发生变动、原先汇率失去合理依据的时候，这种汇率便不时地趋于凋整。
在1944-1971年期间，世界各主要货币都普遍实行这种制度，称为"布雷顿森林体系"。
7、Administered（or inflexible）prices 管理（或非浮动）价格特指某类价格的术语。
按照有关规定，这类价格在某一段时间内、在若干种交易中能够维持不变。
（见价格浮动 price flexibility）8、Adverse choice/selection 逆向选择一种市场不灵。
经济学专业英语词汇
经济学常用英语词汇economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡更多词汇1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collectiveeconomy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holdingcompany 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozenassets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulatingcapital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolvingfund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account) current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no creditgiven 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill) to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率freeexchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hardcurrency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stockexchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stockbrokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格,票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券WallStreet 华尔街3、Credit 信贷short term loan 短期贷款long term loan长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务fundeddebt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、Pruduction 生产output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩5、Expenses 耗费cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overheadcosts 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenancecosts 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses分摊费用6、Profit 利润income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income,gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额netincome 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 税duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxableincome 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer纳税人tax collector 收税员8、Internal economic and trade orgnization国际经济与贸易组织China Council for the Promotion of InternationalTrade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association forthe Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会BritishCouncil for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union ofMarine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development,DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual EconomicAid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association,CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free TradeAssociation, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs andEconomic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community,WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries,OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries,OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic andMonetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American OrientalBanking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行TheChase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行UnitedBank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank ofTokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La CommunauteFinancieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金UnitedNations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织UnitedNations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Foodand Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织EconomicCommission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for LatinAmerica, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East,ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECW A 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas ChineseInvestment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所。
农林经济管理专业英语
农林经济管理专业英语English:The agricultural and forestry economics management major focuses on the study of economic theories and management practices related to agriculture, forestry, and resource utilization. Students in this major will learn about market analysis, financial management, and policy analysis within the context of agricultural and forestry industries. Additionally, they will also gain knowledge in natural resource management, sustainable development, and environmental protection. Graduates of this major can pursue careers in agricultural and forestry companies, government agencies, research institutions, and international organizations, working in areas such as production management, market development, policy formulation, and resource conservation.中文翻译:农林经济管理专业侧重于研究与农业、林业和资源利用相关的经济理论和管理实践。
该专业的学生将学习农林产业背景下的市场分析、财务管理和政策分析。
经济学专业英语术语表
经济学专业英语术语表专业简介: 经济学主要研究经济学、金融学、投资学、精算学等方面的基本知识和技能，在银行、证券、信托等金融机构进行经济分析、预测、规划、管理以及各类金融服务。
例如：债券、基金的投资前景分析，股票、投资的风险评估，汽车、房子的抵押贷款，企业破产时的资产清算等。
开设课程: 经济学主要课程：政治经济学、《资本论》、西方经济学、统计学、国际经济学、货币银行学、财政学、经济学说史、发展经济学、企业管理、市场营销、国际金融、国际贸易等1. 政治经济学 (Political Economy)术语术语术语术语术语生产力 (Productivity)生产关系 (ProductionRelations)经济制度 (EconomicSystem)社会主义市场经济(Socialist MarketEconomy)资本主义市场经济(Capitalist MarketEconomy)劳动价值论 (Labor Theory of Value)剩余价值 (SurplusValue)利润率 (Profit Rate)资本积累 (CapitalAccumulation)资本有机构成 (OrganicComposition of Capital)经济危机 (EconomicCrisis)货币 (Money)信用 (Credit)利息 (Interest)货币政策 (MonetaryPolicy)财政 (Fiscal)税收 (Taxation)政府支出 (GovernmentExpenditure)财政政策 (Fiscal Policy)公共债务 (Public Debt)国民收入 (NationalIncome)国内生产总值 (GrossDomestic Product,GDP)国民生产总值 (GrossNational Product, GNP)经济增长率 (EconomicGrowth Rate)经济发展水平 (EconomicDevelopment Level)2. 《资本论》(Capital)术语术语术语术语术语商品 (Commodity)使用价值 (Use Value)交换价值 (ExchangeValue)商品拜物教(CommodityFetishism)商品流通形式 (Forms ofCommodity Circulation)简单商品流通 (Simple Commodity Circulation)货币商品流通 (MoneyCommodityCirculation)货币转化为资本(Money Transformedinto Capital)资本循环过程(Circuit of Capital)资本周转时间 (TurnoverTime of Capital)不变资本 (ConstantCapital)变动资本 (VariableCapital)剩余价值率 (Rate ofSurplus Value)剥削率 (Rate ofExploitation)绝对剩余价值生产方式(Absolute Surplus ValueProduction Method)相对剩余价值生产方式(Relative Surplus Value Production Method)简单再生产(SimpleReproduction)扩大再生产(ExpandedReproduction)生产部门(Department ofProduction)消费部门(Department ofConsumption)资本主义生产方式(Capitalist Mode of Production)资本主义生产关系(Capitalist ProductionRelations)资本主义经济规律(Capitalist EconomicLaws)资本主义经济危机(Capitalist EconomicCrisis)资本主义的历史趋势(Historical Trend ofCapitalism)3. 西方经济学 (Western Economics)术语术语术语术语术语微观经济学(Microeconomics)宏观经济学(Macroeconomics)经济学方法论(EconomicMethodology)经济学思想史 (Historyof Economic Thought)经济学流派 (Schools ofEconomics)边际分析 (MarginalAnalysis)需求 (Demand)供给 (Supply)市场均衡 (MarketEquilibrium)弹性 (Elasticity)消费者行为(Consumer Behavior)效用 (Utility)预算约束 (BudgetConstraint)消费者选择(Consumer Choice)消费者剩余 (ConsumerSurplus)生产者行为 (ProducerBehavior)生产函数 (ProductionFunction)成本函数 (CostFunction)收益函数 (RevenueFunction)利润最大化 (ProfitMaximization)市场结构 (Market Structure)完全竞争市场 (PerfectCompetition Market)垄断市场 (MonopolyMarket)寡头垄断市场(Oligopoly Market)竞争性垄断市场(Monopolistic CompetitionMarket)4. 统计学 (Statistics)术语术语术语术语术语统计数据 (Statistical Data)数据来源 (DataSources)数据类型 (DataTypes)数据收集方法(DataCollection Methods)数据整理方法(DataProcessing Methods)频数分布表(Frequency Distribution Table)直方图(Histogram)频率多边形(Frequency Polygon)分位数(Quantile)箱线图(Boxplot)中心趋势度量(Measures of Central Tendency)平均数(Mean)中位数(Median)众数(Mode)几何平均数(GeometricMean)离散趋势度量(Measures ofDispersion)极差(Range)方差(Variance)标准差(StandardDeviation)变异系数(Coefficient ofVariation)相关分析(CorrelationAnalysis)散点图(ScatterPlot)相关系数(CorrelationCoefficient)回归分析(RegressionAnalysis)回归方程(RegressionEquation)5. 国际经济学(International Economics)术语术语术语术语术语国际贸易(InternationalTrade)国际收支(Balance ofPayments)汇率(Exchange Rate)国际金融(InternationalFinance)国际货币体系(International MonetarySystem)比较优势(Comparative Advantage)贸易政策(TradePolicy)关税(Tariff)非关税壁垒(Non-TariffBarrier)自由贸易区(Free TradeArea)关税同盟(CustomsUnion)共同市场(CommonMarket)经济一体化(EconomicIntegration)区域贸易协定(RegionalTrade Agreement)世界贸易组织(WorldTrade Organization)汇率制度(Exchange Rate Regime)固定汇率(FixedExchange Rate)浮动汇率(FloatingExchange Rate)管理浮动汇率(ManagedFloating Exchange Rate)汇率决定理论(ExchangeRate DeterminationTheory)汇率风险(Exchange Rate Risk)避险(Hedging)套利(Arbitrage)规模经济(Economies ofScale)产品差异化(ProductDifferentiation)贸易多样化(Trade Diversification)贸易创造(TradeCreation)贸易转移(TradeDiversion)贸易保护主义(TradeProtectionism)贸易自由化(TradeLiberalization)国际金融市场(International FinancialMarket)国际债券市场(International BondMarket)国际股票市场(International StockMarket)国际外汇市场(International ForeignExchange Market)国际金融危机(International FinancialCrisis)金本位制(Gold Standard System)布雷顿森林体系(Bretton WoodsSystem)特别提款权(SpecialDrawing Rights,SDRs)欧洲货币体系(EuropeanMonetary System, EMS)欧元(Euro)6. 货币银行学 (Money and Banking)货币的本质(Nature ofMoney)货币的功能(Functionof Money)货币的种类(Types ofMoney)货币供给(MoneySupply)货币需求(Money Demand)货币创造(Money Creation)存款准备金率(ReserveRequirement Ratio)存款货币乘数(DepositMoney Multiplier)银行的资产负债表(Bank's Balance Sheet)银行的盈亏表(Bank'sIncome Statement)银行的风险管理(Risk Management of Bank)银行的监管(Regulation of Bank)银行的稳健性(Soundnessof Bank)银行的效率(Efficiencyof Bank)银行的竞争力(Competitiveness of Bank)中央银行(CentralBank)中央银行的职能(Function of CentralBank)中央银行的独立性(Independence of CentralBank)中央银行的货币政策(Monetary Policy ofCentral Bank)中央银行的政策工具(PolicyTools of Central Bank)存款利率(Deposit Interest Rate)贷款利率(LoanInterest Rate)基准利率(BenchmarkInterest Rate)政策利率(PolicyInterest Rate)市场利率(Market InterestRate)7. 财政学 (Public Finance)术语术语术语术语术语公共部门(PublicSector)公共财政(Public Finance)公共财政的功能(Function of PublicFinance)公共财政的目标(Objective of PublicFinance)公共财政的原则(Principleof Public Finance)公共支出(Public Expenditure)公共支出的结构(Structure of PublicExpenditure)公共支出的效果(Effect ofPublic Expenditure)公共支出的决策(Decisionof Public Expenditure)公共支出的评价(Evaluation of PublicExpenditure)公共收入(Public Revenue)税收(Tax)税收的分类(Classification of Tax)税收的效果(Effect of Tax)税收的原则(Principle ofTax)税制(Tax System)税率(Tax Rate)税基(Tax Base)税负(Tax Burden)税收弹性(Tax Elasticity)财政赤字(FiscalDeficit)财政平衡(Fiscal Balance)财政盈余(Fiscal Surplus)财政政策(Fiscal Policy)财政乘数(FiscalMultiplier)8. 经济学说史 (History of Economic Thought)术语术语术语术语术语经济思想(EconomicThought)经济思想家(EconomicThinker)经济思潮(EconomicTrend)经济范式(EconomicParadigm)经济方法论(EconomicMethodology)古典经济学(Classical Economics)亚当·斯密(Adam Smith)大卫·李嘉图(DavidRicardo)托马斯·罗伯特·马尔萨斯(Thomas Robert Malthus)约翰·斯图亚特·穆勒(John Stuart Mill)新古典经济学(Neoclassical Economics)威廉·斯坦利·杰文斯(William StanleyJevons)卡尔·门格尔(CarlMenger)列昂·瓦尔拉斯(LeonWalras)阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔(Alfred Marshall)凯恩斯主义(Keynesianism)约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯(John Maynard Keynes)总需求(TotalDemand)总供给(Total Supply)有效需求(EffectiveDemand)马克思主义(Marxism)卡尔·马克思(Karl Marx)弗里德里希·恩格斯(Friedrich Engels)剩余价值(Surplus Value)剩余价值理论(Theory ofSurplus Value)9. 发展经济学 (Development Economics)术语术语术语术语术语发展(Development)经济发展(EconomicDevelopment)社会发展(SocialDevelopment)人类发展(HumanDevelopment)可持续发展(SustainableDevelopment)发展中国家(Developing Countries)发达国家(DevelopedCountries)最不发达国家(LeastDeveloped Countries)新兴市场国家(Emerging MarketCountries)发展中欧洲和中亚国家(Europeand Central Asia DevelopingCountries)发展指标(Development Indicator)经济增长率(EconomicGrowth Rate)人均国民收入(PerCapita NationalIncome)贫困率(Poverty Rate)不平等系数(InequalityCoefficient)发展理论(Development Theory)进化论(Evolutionism)扩散论(Diffusionism)追赶论(Catch-upTheory)结构主义(Structuralism)发展战略(Development Strategy)进口替代战略(ImportSubstitution Strategy)出口导向战略(Export-oriented Strategy)自力更生战略(Self-reliance Strategy)开放型战略(Open Strategy)10. 企业管理 (Business Management)术语术语术语术语术语企业(Business)企业的目标(Objective ofBusiness)企业的环境(Environment ofBusiness)企业的组织(Organization ofBusiness)企业的管理(Management ofBusiness)管理的定义(Definition of Management)管理的功能(Function ofManagement)管理的原则(Principle ofManagement)管理的过程(Process ofManagement)管理的效果(Effect ofManagement)计划(Planning)计划的类型(Type ofPlanning)计划的步骤(Step ofPlanning)计划的工具(Tool ofPlanning)计划的评价(Evaluationof Planning)组织(Organizing)组织的类型(Type ofOrganizing)组织的结构(Structure ofOrganizing)组织的设计(Design ofOrganizing)组织的变革(Change ofOrganizing)领导(Leading)领导的类型(Type ofLeading)领导的风格(Style ofLeading)领导的技能(Skill ofLeading)领导的效果(Effect ofLeading)11. 市场营销 (Marketing)术语术语术语术语术语市场(Market)市场营销(Marketing)市场营销的概念(Conceptof Marketing)市场营销的目标(Objective ofMarketing)市场营销的原则(Principle ofMarketing)市场营销环境(Marketing Environment)微观环境(Microenvironment)宏观环境(Macroenvironment)竞争环境(CompetitiveEnvironment)法律环境(LegalEnvironment)市场营销信息系统(Marketing InformationSystem)市场调查(MarketResearch)市场分析(Market Analysis)市场预测(MarketForecast)市场控制(MarketControl)市场细分(Market Segmentation)目标市场(TargetMarket)市场定位(MarketPositioning)市场选择(MarketSelection)市场组合(Market Mix)产品(Product)产品生命周期(ProductLife Cycle)产品策略(ProductStrategy)产品创新(ProductInnovation)产品品牌(ProductBrand)12. 国际金融 (International Finance)术语术语术语术语术语国际金融(InternationalFinance)国际金融市场(International FinancialMarket)国际金融机构(International FinancialInstitution)国际金融体系(International FinancialSystem)国际金融秩序(International FinancialOrder)国际收支(Balance of Payments)经常账户(CurrentAccount)资本账户(Capital Account)官方储备账户(OfficialReserve Account)国际收支平衡(Balanceof Payment Equilibrium)汇率(Exchange Rate)汇率制度(ExchangeRate Regime)汇率决定理论(ExchangeRate DeterminationTheory)汇率风险(ExchangeRate Risk)汇率政策(ExchangeRate Policy)国际债务(InternationalDebt)外债(Foreign Debt)内债(Domestic Debt)多边债务(MultilateralDebt)双边债务(Bilateral Debt)国际金融危机(International FinancialCrisis)金融全球化(FinancialGlobalization)金融自由化(FinancialLiberalization)金融监管(FinancialRegulation)金融稳定(FinancialStability)13. 国际贸易国际贸易是指不同国家或地区之间进行的商品和服务的交换活动。
经济管理专业英语——戴贤远(1——7)精华版
经济管理专业英语（1—7）（第四版）——戴贤远第一部分 PART 1 MICROECONOMICS第一章 The Concept of Utility 效用的概念经济学家最开始研究消费者行为学是在一个多世纪前当心理学界流行一种说法：人们的很多行为可以解释为人们为了尽可能获得更多的幸福、规避更多的痛苦而做的努力。
这种苦乐心跳很快便被经济学家借用了并运用于消费者的消费行为中并使之成为解释消费者行为的第一个系统理论：基础的经济论点是理智的消费者会有意识的管理他们对于商品和服务的消费来时总体满意度最大。
经济学家把人们对商品和服务的需求与满足称为“效用”。
效用的概念侧重于拥有、使用、消费商品与服务或者从中获益相关的快乐和满足。
是商品固有的效用而且不管商品具有什么样的质量它都有满足幸福感的能力。
效用的来源和引发效用的原因是多种多样的，提一下最主要的：更加健康的身体、富有美感的外观和设计、简单的使用方法、风格和品位、耐用性、方便性、奢华度、舒适度、个性、快乐、威信、地位自尊、安全、自我满足还有权力。
因此效用既有客观特征又有主观特征尤其跟个人品味、偏好、感觉、个性的构成及思维的状态有关。
总的来说，商品拥有的或可识别的效用是可变的，并不是绝对的。
首先，对于同一件商品两个人不会拥有同样程度的满足感，一个人可能通过吸烟获得巨大的效用然而另外的人却觉得很讨厌；凯迪拉克对某些人而言可以说是重要的地位象征（因此获得巨大的效用），然而对已其他人却只有很少或几乎没有效用。
不同的人买同样一件商品的用途和目的有很大的不同。
以花生为例，有的人买了后放在鸡尾酒晚会上油的人买来做花生糖，还有人买来喂松鼠，有几种不同的情形就有几种不同的效用，而且一种商品产生的效用也会随着时间的不同而不同。
汽油价格的上升，很快的调整了人们对小型汽车的效用的看法，羊毛衣的效用或说需求满足的动力对于段冬气候下的人和长冬气候下的人而言就不一样。
不同的人队商品和服务的看法不同，如果这些因素都不考虑的话，对于人们买什么或卖多少，效用的概念提供了以个有意义的根据来解释人们的这种偏好。
管理学英语专业词汇
目标mission/ objective 内部环境internal environment 外部环境external environment 集体目标group objective 计划planning 组织organizing人事staffing 领导leading 控制controlling步骤process 原理principle 方法technique经理manager 总经理general manager 行政人员administrator 主管人员supervisor 企业enterprise 商业business产业industry 公司company 效果effectiveness效率efficiency 企业家entrepreneur 权利power职权authority 职责responsibility 科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management 行为科学behavior science生产率productivity 激励motivate 动机motive法律law 法规regulation 经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function 产品product 服务service利润profit 满意satisfaction 归属affiliation尊敬esteem 自我实现self-actualization 人力投入human input盈余surplus 收入income 成本cost 资本货物capital goods机器machinery 设备equipment 建筑building 存货inventory 经验法the empirical approach 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach 系统法the systems approach 随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach 人际关系human relation心理学psychology 态度attitude 压力pressure 冲突conflict招聘recruit 鉴定appraisal 选拔select 培训train报酬compensation 授权delegation of authority 协调coordinate 业绩performance考绩制度merit system 表现behavior 下级subordinate 偏差deviation检验记录inspection record 误工记录record of labor-hours lost 销售量sales volume 产品质量quality of products 先进技术advanced technology 顾客服务customer service 策略strategy结构structure 领先性primacy 普遍性pervasiveness 忧虑fear 忿恨resentment 士气morale 解雇layoff批发wholesale 零售retail 程序procedure 规则rule规划program 预算budget 共同作用synergy 大型联合企业conglomerate 资源resource 购买acquisition 增长目标growth goal 专利产品proprietary product 竞争对手rival 晋升promotion 管理决策managerial decision 商业道德business ethics 有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier 小贩vendor 利益冲突conflict of interests 派生政策derivative policy 开支帐户expense account 批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave 休假vacation 工时labor-hour 机时machine-hour 资本支出capital outlay 现金流量cash flow 工资率wage rate 税收率tax rate 股息dividend 现金状况cash position 资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget 资产负债表balance sheet 可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment 生产能力capacity to produce 实际工作者practitioner 最终结果end result 业绩performance个人利益personal interest 福利welfare 市场占有率market share 创新innovation 生产率productivity 利润率profitability 社会责任public responsibility 董事会board of director 组织规模size of the organization 组织文化organizational culture 目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool 激励方法motivational techniques 控制手段control device 个人价值personal worth 优势strength 弱点weakness 机会opportunity 威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility 顾问counselor 定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective 可考核目标verifiable objective 优先priority 工资表payroll 策略strategy 政策policy 灵活性discretion 多种经营diversification 评估assessment 一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation 价值value 抱负aspiration 偏见prejudice 审查review 批准approval 主要决定major decision 分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix 明星star 问号question mark 现金牛cash cow 赖狗dog 采购procurement 人口因素demographic factor 地理因素geographic factor 公司形象company image产品系列product line 合资企业joint venture 破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy 战术tactics 追随followership 个性individuality 性格personality 安全safety 自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic 静止的static 乐观的optimistic 动态的dynamic 灵活的flexible 抵制resistance 敌对antagonism 折中eclectic 激励motivation 潜意识subconscious 地位status 情感affection 欲望desire 压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要esteem needs 归属的需要affiliation needs 安全的需要security needs 生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance 保健hygiene 激励因素motivator 概率probability 强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback 奖金bonus 股票期权stock option 劳资纠纷labor dispute 缺勤率absenteeism 人员流动turnover 奖励reward 特许经营franchise 热诚zeal 信心confidence 鼓舞inspire 要素ingredient忠诚loyalty 奉献devotion 作风style 品质trait适应性adaptability 进取性aggressiveness 热情enthusiasm毅力persistence 人际交往能力interpersonal skills行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence 专制式领导autocratic leader 民主式领导democratic leader 自由放任式领导free-rein leader 管理方格图the managerial grid 工作效率work efficiency 服从obedience 领导行为leader behavior 支持型领导supportive leadership 参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadershipAutomated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction (HCI)人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering 人因工程human information processing 人类讯息处理human-machine system design 人机系统设计human resource management 人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement 人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation 工业环境评估industrial organizations and management 工业组织与管理industrial safety 工业安全information technology 信息技术intellectual property laws 智慧财产权法knowledge engineering 知识工程linear algebra 线性代数manufacturing automation 制造自动化manufacturing engineering 制造工程manufacturing management 制造管理manufacturing process 制造程序manufacturing systems and management 制造系统与管理market and marketing 市场与行销material flows automation 物流自动化mathematical programming 数学规划multicriteria decision making 多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods 多准则决策分析network analysis 网络分析numerical analysis 数值分析organization and management 组织与管理product and technology development management 产品与技术开发管理production management 生产管理production planning and control 生产计划与管制quality control 质量管理quality engineering 品质工程quality management techniques and practice 品质管理queueing theory 等候线理论reliability engineering 可靠度工程research，development and innovation management 研究发展管理semiconductor production management 半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling 排序与排程simulation 模拟分析statistical method 统计方法stochastic processes 随机系统strategic management of technology 技术策略system analysis and design in large scale 大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation 系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange)Clerk 外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/ President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff 项目策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购进货员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research＆.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer 计算机软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive电讯（电信）员Telephonist / Operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator 文字处理操作员Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视action research 动作研究adjourning 解散adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用Ccomputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturing(cad/cam)计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processing(edp) 电子数据处理employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者general manager 总经理globalization 全球化gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构Hhawthorne effect 霍桑效应heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理income statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格least preferred co-worker(lpc)最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力liability 负债liaison 联络者line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性liaison role 联络员角色long-linked technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管management champion 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) 物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司moral rules 道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) 走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) 跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义mechanistic system 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nnaïve relativism 朴素相对主义need-achievement 成就需要norming 规范化norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术niche 领地Ooff-the-job training 脱产培训on-the-job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统organizational development(OD) 组织发展orientation 定位outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率participative management 参与式管理path-goal model 路径目标模型peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) 政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) 实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术retention 保留rational approach 理性方法rational model 理性模型rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统subunits 子单位synergy 协同system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度sequential interdependence 序列性依存self-directed team 自我管理型团队specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论two-boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子variety 变量valence 效价variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin-lose situation 输赢情境win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零---和zone of indifference(area of acceptance) 无差异区域(可接受区域)。
企业管理 经济管理专业英语名词
企业管理经济管理专业英语名词Activity-Based Costing 业务量本钱法/作业本钱法 ACRS (Aelerated cost recovery system) 快速本钱回收制度Action Message 行为/措施信息 AIS (Aounting information system) 会计信息系统Allocation 已分配量 Anticipated Delay Report 拖期预报A/P (Aounts Payable) 应付帐款 APICS (American Production & Inventory Control Society) 美国生产及库存控制协会AQL (Aeptable quality Level) 可承受质量水平 A/R (Aounts Receivable) 应收帐款Automatic Rescheduling 自动重排产 Available To Promise (APT) 可签约量Backflush 倒冲法 Backlog 未完成订单/未结订单Back Scheduling 倒序排产 BE analysis (Break-even analysis)盈亏临界点分析，保本分析Bill of Material (BOM) 物料清单 Business Plan 经营规划B/V (Book value) 帐面价值 Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP) 能力需求方案CBA (Cost-benefit analysis) 本钱效益分析 CEO 首席执行官CFO (Chief Financial Officer) 财务总裁 Closed Loop MRP 闭环物料需求方案CPM (Critical path method) 关键路线法 CPP aounting (Constant purchasing power aounting) 不变购置力会计Cumulative Lead Time 累计提前期 Cycle Counting 周期盘点Demand 需求 Demand Management 需求管理Demonstrated Capacity 实际能力 Dependent Demand 非独立需求DFL (Degree of financial leverage) 财务杠杆系数 Direct-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing 直接增减库存法Dispatch List 派工单 DOL (Degree of operating leverage) 经营杠杆系数ELS (Economic lot size) 经济批量 EOQ (Economic order quantity) 经济订货批量FIFO (Fist-in,Fist-out) 先进先出法 Firm Planned Order 确认方案订单FISH/LIFO (Fist-in,Still-here) 后进先出法 Fixed Order Quantity 固定订货批量法Flow Shop 流水车间 Focus Forecasting 集中预测Full Pegging 完全跟踪 Generally Aepted Manufacturing Practices 公认生产管理原那么Independent Demand 独立需求 Inpu/Output Control 投入/产出控制。
管理学英语专业词汇
目标mission/ objective内部环境internal environment 外部环境external environment 集体目标group objective计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle 方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management 行为科学behavior science生产率productivity激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach 社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost 销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate 资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product 竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility 顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective 可考核目标verifiable objective 优先priority工资表payroll策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadership Automated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction HCI人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering 人因工程human information processing 人类讯息处理human-machine system design 人机系统设计human resource management 人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement 人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation 工业环境评估industrial organizations and management 工业组织与管理industrial safety 工业安全information technology 信息技术intellectual property laws 智慧财产权法knowledge engineering 知识工程linear algebra 线性代数manufacturing automation 制造自动化manufacturing engineering 制造工程manufacturing management 制造管理manufacturing process 制造程序manufacturing systems and management 制造系统与管理market and marketing 市场与行销material flows automation 物流自动化mathematical programming 数学规划multicriteria decision making 多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods 多准则决策分析network analysis 网络分析numerical analysis 数值分析organization and management 组织与管理product and technology development management 产品与技术开发管理production management 生产管理production planning and control 生产计划与管制quality control 质量管理quality engineering 品质工程quality management techniques and practice 品质管理queueing theory 等候线理论reliability engineering 可靠度工程research,development and innovation management 研究发展管理semiconductor production management 半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling 排序与排程simulation 模拟分析statistical method 统计方法stochastic processes 随机系统strategic management of technology 技术策略system analysis and design in large scale 大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation 系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人. Foreign ExchangeClerk 外汇部职员. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/ President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff 项目策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购进货员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research＆.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer 计算机软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive电讯电信员Telephonist / Operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator 文字处理操作员Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视action research 动作研究adjourning 解散adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用Ccomputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturingcad/cam计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processingedp 电子数据处理employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者general manager 总经理globalization 全球化gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构Hhawthorne effect 霍桑效应heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理income statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格least preferred co-workerlpc最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力liability 负债liaison 联络者line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性liaison role 联络员角色long-linked technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管management champion 管理倡导者materials-requirements planningMRP 物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司moral rules 道德准则management by walking aroundMBWA 走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构multinational enterpriseMNE 跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义mechanistic system 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nnaïve relativism 朴素相对主义need-achievement 成就需要norming 规范化norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术niche 领地Ooff-the-job training 脱产培训on-the-job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统organizational developmentOD 组织发展orientation 定位outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率participative management 参与式管理path-goal model 路径目标模型peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committeesPACs 政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job previewRJP 实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术retention 保留rational approach 理性方法rational model 理性模型rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统subunits 子单位synergy 协同system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度sequential interdependence 序列性依存self-directed team 自我管理型团队specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论two-boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子variety 变量valence 效价variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin-lose situation 输赢情境win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零---和zone of indifferencearea of acceptance 无差异区域可接受区域。
国民经济管理专业英语教学大纲
《国民经济管理专业英语》教学大纲(Specialized English for National Economy Management, 112071)一、前言1、课程性质：国民经济管理专业外语是国民经济管理管理专业课程的有机组成部分，公共管理学院专业选修课。
本课程教学是在公共管理各学科背景下，以英语语言知识与应用技能、学习策略和跨文化专业交际为主要内容，兼顾专业课程和外语教学方法和手段的教学体系。
2、教学目的：国民经济管理专业英语课程的教学目的旨在培养学生用英语进行相关专业阅读理解及口头、书面交流的能力，并帮助学生进一步过渡到适应英语环境里从事专业工作。
同时，由于国民经济管理专业大量借鉴西方发达国家的观点和经验，并设计国外相关教材及专著，训练学生直接用英文进行专业阅读和思考的能力对拓宽学生视野，促进专业学习不无益处。
3、使用对象：本科生。
4、基本教学要求：1）听力理解能力：能够基本听懂来自英语国家人士有关专业的谈话和讲座及相关广播电视节目，能掌握相关术语、概念，并能抓住其中心大意、要点。
能听懂专业环境下的相关英语交流。
2）口语表达能力：能够在相关专业环境下和来自英语国家的人士进行基本会话，较好地掌握会话策略，能从专业角度基本表达和陈述事实、事件、理由等。
3）阅读理解能力：能够基本读懂自己专业方面的综述性文献，并能正确理解中心大意，抓住主要事实和有关细节。
能基本阅读英语国家报刊杂志的专业性题材的文章，能够读懂相关环境下的办公及管理文档，能就阅读材料进行略读或寻读。
4）表达能力：能写日常应用文，能写自己专业论文的英语摘要，能借助参考资料写出与专业相关、结构基本清晰、内容较为丰富的报告和论文，能描写各种图表，能就一定的话题在半小时内写出160词的短文，内容完整，条理清楚，文理通顺。
5）翻译能力：能借助词典及所学中文版专业知识摘译所学专业的英语文章，论文摘要等。
英汉译速为每小时350英语单词，汉英译速为300个汉字。
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AD2
14.0 14.2
contractionary monetary policy (紧缩性货币政. 策）
实际GDP(美元）
fiscal policy
1. Controlled by the executive branch of the government(政府行政机构)
2. Change the tax rates (税率）and the government spending（政府支出）
contractionary monetary policy
Consumption,Investment and the Net Exports
AD move to left
GDP and the price
.
monetary policy
价格水平 2005=100
102
LRAS A
SRAS
100 B
实际GDP
衰退开始
实际GDP长期趋势
2014年8月
开始使用扩张性政策， 未意识到衰退已经结束
2015年6月
.
translation
• 政策制定者可以自由地运用两大类政策影响经济。货币 政策由联邦储备系统管理，其政策工具是调节货币储备， 调节利率——贴现率——联邦储备系统借款给银行的利率 和一些经由银行系统实施的控制。财政政策由国会控制， 通常通过政府行政机构发挥作用，它的政策工具是税率和 政府支出。
.
monetary policy
价格水平 2005=100
LRAS
SRAS
100
B
A
98
AD2 AD1
13.8
14.0
expansionary monetary policy (扩张性货.币政策）
实际GDP(美元）
monetary policy
economy
the stock of money discount rate
.
However,the policies
are not alaways effective, the businness cycle is difficult to predict,and our reflects of the economy are often delay.
.
扩张性ry policy
economy
the stock of money discount rate
expansionary monetary policy
Consumption,Investment and the Net Exports
AD move to right
GDP and the price
• 宏观经济政策的核心问题之一就是货币与财政政策对宏 观经济政策的影响难以充分预测，他们并不是在一定的时 间和范围内来影响需求和供给的。这两个不确定是平衡政 策的核心问题。平衡政策就是被计划用于缓和经济波动— —尤其是经济增长率、通货膨胀率和失业比率波动的货币 和财政政策。
• 最近的通货膨胀率和失业率的波动强烈地表明平衡政 策还没有完全成功地在一定范围控制住通货膨胀和失业。
Macroeconomic Policy
——Chen Mengxin
.
policy makers
monetary policy
(货币政策）
.
fiscal policy
（财政政策）
monetary policy
1. Controlled by the fed（美联储）
2. Change the stock of money（货 币存量） or the discount rate（贴现率）
.