行株距配置对寒地水稻产量与品质的影响

行株距配置对寒地水稻产量与品质的影响

摘要：为明确寒地盐碱地区水稻高产栽培行株距和穴苗数配置及高产行株距配置下垦鉴稻5号产量及品质特征，采用裂区设计，于2009年对黑龙江大庆盐碱地区主栽水稻品种垦鉴稻5号进行不同行株距配置、群体结构优化研究。结果表明，大庆盐碱地区采用6株苗/穴、株距10 cm，行距30 cm的配置可以获得高产（9 896.90 kg/hm2），垦鉴稻5号理论产量较常规配置（4株苗/穴，30.0 cm

×13.3 cm）增产31.42%，差异达到极显著水平；株、行距与产量均呈负相关，达显著或极显著水平，株距是3个因子中对高产影响作用最大的；垦鉴稻5号不同处理随株距增大，粗蛋白质含量降低、直链淀粉含量增加；口感和综合评分均以每穴2株苗的处理最好，以每穴6株苗的处理品质最差。综合比较，处理16（6～8株苗/穴，30.0 cm×10.0 cm）产量和品质是最佳群体配置。

关键词：水稻；株行距配置；穴苗数；产量构成

中图分类号：s511.044 文献标识码：a 文章编号：0439-8114（2013）04-0758-05

influence of row and plant spacing on yield and quality of rice in cold area

wang xiu-zhi1，liu chong-wen2，xu yi-qiang2，l？譈

yan-dong1，qian yong-de1，zheng gui-ping1

（1. college of agriculture， heilongjiang bayi agricultural university/key laboratory of crop cultivation

in cold area of heilongjiang province， daqing 163319，heilongjiang， china；2. baoquanling 290 farm of heilongjiang，hegang 156202， heilongjiang， china）

abstract： the effects of plant and row spacing and seedling numbers per hill on the yield and quality of kenjiandao5 planted in daqing region were studied in 2009 adopting split-plot design method. the results indicated that， when the production patter were 6 seedlings per hill， 10 cm of plant spacing and 30 cm of row spacing， the yield of kenjiandao5 could reach 9 896.9 kg/hm2， its theoretical yield increased by 31.42% respectively compared with the conventional production pattern （4 seedlings per hill， 13.3 cm of plant spacing， and 30 cm of row spacing），difference reached very significant level. plant spacing and row spacing were negatively correlated with the yield， difference reached significant or very significant level. among plant spacing， row spacing， and seedling numbers per hill， plant spacing was the most important limiting factor for high yield. with the increase of plant spacing， the content of crude protein decreased while the content of amylose increased. the mouth feels and taste score were best when the seedling numbers per hill was 2， the poorest when the number was 6.

by comprehensive comparison， the pattern of 6～8 seedlings per hill， 10.0 cm of plant spacing， and 30.0 cm of row spacing were the best for kenjiandao5 in daqing region.

key words： rice； plant and row spacing； seedling number per hill； yield components

水稻是我国重要的粮食作物之一，对保证粮食安全具有举足轻重的作用。但随着耕地面积的不断减少以及对粮食需求的持续增长，粮食总产的增加只能依靠提高作物的单产来实现[1-6]。黑龙江省因粳稻生态环境好、品质优良而倍受关注，同时该省又提出“千亿斤粮食产能工程”，农业部开展“高产创建活动”，对该省水稻的产量提出更高要求，因此，为适应新形势对水稻产量的需要，开展寒地水稻群体结构优化研究具有重要意义。针对黑龙江省盐碱代表性地区大庆主栽品种垦鉴稻5号进行了群体结构优化研究，对不同行株距配置下的群体生态、产量及品质等方面进行系统研究，旨在阐述不同行株距配置的群体特征差异及高产群体的产量品质特点，明确盐碱地区高产群体的最适行株距和穴苗数配置，为水稻高产优质栽培提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 供试品种

供试品种为黑龙江八一农垦大学水稻中心选育的垦鉴稻5号。该品种主茎12片叶，需活动积温2 450～2 500 ℃，株高87～90 cm，平均穗长16.86 cm；每穗粒数90粒左右，千粒重27～28 g，子粒