美国英语特色论文
黑人学英语的利弊论文
黑人学英语的利弊论文一、引言民族的差异是引起语言社会变异的一个重要冈素。
无论是在英国或美国，尤其是在美国，不同民族的混合和不同文化的交融是一种极其重要的社会现象。
可以说，在引起语言社会变异的过程中。
民族因素往往是与地域和职业等闲索交织在一起的．具有各种民族背景的人在说英语的时候都难免不带上其本族对语言的影响或特点，这在受教育程度较低的人中尤为明显。
美国的黑人英语在以往几十年中逐步成为一种重要的社会方言．这主要是冈为美国黑人在社会生活中是一个令人注目的社会阶层。
非裔美国黑人英语曾被视为一种次等或低等的语言变体，这在语青学上是没有根据的。
黑人英语是从西非克单奥尔语发展而来的。
它既不同于西非英语，又不同于美国标准英语，它是一个独蕾的系统。
但是这种不同又呈现出一定的规律性。
它是美国英语许多变体中的一种，黑人英语在许多方面确实与别的变体有差异，但任何一种变体与别的变体之问总是存在筹异的。
这就是说，黑人英语在语音、句法等方面的变异有规律可循，并不是混乱或任意变化的。
要研究美国黑人英语概况，我们应当从美国黑人的历史，美国黑人英语与标准英语的差别，美国黑人英语的形成过程，美国黑人英语的特点以及美国黑人英语的影响几个方面出发研究探讨。
2、美国黑人的历史美国黑人的历史可以追溯到16世纪美洲沦为欧洲殖民地的时期。
16～19世纪，欧洲殖民者从非洲（主要是西非、刚果和安哥拉）劫运大批黑人奴隶到美洲，其中半数以上运入今美国境内，主要在南部诸州的棉花、甘蔗种植场和矿山当苦工，深受白人种族主义者的残酷剥削和虐待。
随着美国工业的发展，南方的黑人陆续迁往北方和西北方城市。
1861～1865年南北战争后，虽然从法律上废除了奴隶制度，但是黑人仍受种族歧视和压迫，三K党的暴行严重威胁着黑人的生命安全。
3、美国黑人英语的形成过程据官方统计，美国的黑人已有两千六百余万，约占美国总人口的12％之多。
他们多是被殖民主义者从非洲强行贩卖到美国的黑奴的后裔。
关于美国的英文作文200词
关于美国的英文作文200词English:The United States of America, commonly known as the , is a country located in North America. It is famous for its diverse culture, landscape, and opportunities. The is home to people from all over the world, making it a melting pot of different traditions, languages, and customs. From the bustling cities like New York City and Los Angeles to the serene natural wonders like the Grand Canyon and Yellowstone National Park, there is something for everyone in the The country is also known for its strong economy, technological advancements, and academic institutions, making it a desirable destination for many immigrants and students. With a rich history, vibrant arts and entertainment scene, and a strong sense of patriotism, the United States continues to be a global superpower and a beacon of freedom and opportunity.中文翻译:美利坚合众国，通常被称为美国，是一个位于北美洲的国家。
英语语言学论文(优秀9篇)
英语语言学论文（优秀9篇）《浅析美国英语与英国英语的区别及应用》摘要：标准现代英式英语和美式英语，虽然两者互相理解没有很多实质性的差异，但对两者的各方面进行一个大概的比较，还是有很多细微的差别的。
关键词：美国英语；英国英语；分析对比；区别及应用在全球一体化的背景下，英语已成为世界通用语言，在社会生活、交往或交流中都扮演着重要角色。
近年，美式英语风靡全球，尽管美式英语和英式英语都是英语，但是区别甚多。
相对来说美式英语便捷实用，英式英语较为复杂。
英式英语保守、严谨，美国人说英语则是另一种姿态，崇尚可见即可读。
1.两种语言在历史演变、地域文化、社会地位层面的区别。
英语是全世界几千种语言的其中一种，也是印欧语系一百多种语言之一、英国英语距今已有1500的历史了。
而美国英语是在英国英语的基础上发展而来的。
英国和美国在政治、经济、文化等方面的不断发展，造就了它们各自不同的语言特征。
美式英语起源于18世纪70年代，美国的独立战争爆发时，战乱的特殊原因导致绝大多数美国人来自欧洲移民，尤其以英格兰人为主，大多讲英国英语。
近几十年来，由于美国的贸易、军事、科技、国际地位等方面远远超过英国，再加上美国电影风靡全球，促使美国本土的俚语很多已经渗透到了口语之中。
很多因素导致美式英语成为强势语言。
2.发音方面存在的不同。
英语和美语的发音最具代表性的区别是对er的发音的不同。
英语中，短音的er是的浑元音，但长音的er是个拉长了的浑元音，听起来是一个介于“俄”和“啊”的声音。
而美语中，er听起来怎么都是个“儿”音。
ar：除了轻读短音（如singular）和者后连元音（如clarity），英语的ar全部清一色的长音[a：]，而美语中，是“阿尔”。
英语和美语的辅音基本是一致的，但在使用习惯上也有些差别。
如词组clear animosity，英语会读成clear，animosity，而美语会读成clear—ranimosity。
另一个比较明显的区别是d和t。
英语论文(中美文化差异)
英语论文(中美文化差异)英语论文(中美文化差异)一、引言英语作为一门全球通用语言，对于中美文化交流具有重要意义。
本篇论文旨在探讨中美文化差异，并分析这些差异对语言和交际的影响。
二、中美价值观差异在中美文化中，价值观差异是最明显的方面之一。
中美两个国家有着不同的历史、宗教和社会背景，这导致了他们在价值观上存在一定的差异。
1. 个人主义与集体主义美国文化倾向于个人主义，注重个体的独立和自主性。
而中国文化则强调集体主义，重视家庭和团体的集体利益。
这种差异在语言交际中表现明显，比如在表达感谢之情时，美国人更倾向于使用“I thank you”这样的第一人称表达方式，而中国人则更倾向于使用“We thank you”来强调团体的感谢之情。
2. 时间观念与未来导向美国人注重效率和时间观念，强调将时间用于创造价值。
相比之下，中国文化更加注重历史和传统，对未来的展望较为谨慎。
这种差异在商务交流中体现明显，美国人常常在商务会议上强调时间管理和准时守约，而中国人更注重人际关系的建立和发展。
三、语言差异中美文化差异也在语言使用上得到体现。
1. 礼貌用语中美两国在礼貌用语方面存在差异。
美国人更倾向于使用直接的表达方式，比如“Please pass the salt”。
而中国人常常使用委婉的方式，比如“麻烦你帮我递一下盐”。
这种差异反映了中美两国之间在社交场合中的不同习惯和礼貌观念。
2. 言语间断和暗示中美文化中存在着对言语间断和暗示的不同需求。
美国人更倾向于直接了当地表达自己的意图，喜欢在交流中保持比较连贯的语言流程。
而中国人更喜欢使用间接的方式表达自己的意图，有时候在表达上更多地依靠暗示和上下文的理解。
这种差异在商务谈判和日常社交中都能观察到。
四、沟通方式差异受到文化差异的影响，中美人民在交际中采用不同的沟通方式。
1. 非语言表达在非语言表达上，中美文化也存在着差异。
美国人更加直接和开放地表达情感，通过面部表情、肢体动作和眼神交流来表达自己的意思。
英语专业英美文学论文题目大全
论《雾都孤儿》的幽默艺术Tom Jones, a Dissipated but Kindhearted Man放荡而又善良的汤姆琼斯The Free Will and Rebellious Spirit in Paradise Lost《失乐园》中的自由意志和反叛精神On the Development of Shylock’s Character论夏洛克的性格发展Morality and Criticism in Tom Jones评《汤姆•琼斯》中的道德观与批评观On Imogen，the New Feminine Image in Cymbeline论《辛白林》中伊慕琴的新女性形象Burns’View on Love and Friendship论彭斯的爱情友谊观The Reflection of Art and Life in Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode on a Nightingale《希腊古瓮颂》与《夜莺颂》中艺术与生活的对照The Womanism in "The Color Purple"On the Differences between Chinese and Westerners in Non-language Communication谈中国人和英美人非语言交际的差异On the Contribution of the American Blacks during American Civil War美国黑人在美国历史上的贡献On American Black English浅谈美国黑人英语On the Differences of the Marriage Concept between Chinese and American浅谈中美婚姻观念的差异A Contrastive Analysis of Table Manners and Culture between China and Western Countries On the Ideological Content in Bacon’s Essays论培根散文的思想性Women's Movement in 1960s in American美国六十年代的妇女运动Analysis the negative effects of violent television and movie on children浅析影视暴力对青少年儿童的负面影响The Influence of Chinese Cultural Circumstances on English Learning汉语环境对英语学习的影响A Comprehension of Male Centrad Literature through A Doll’s House黑色的坚毅——小说《飘》主人公的性格分析Black Determination——An Analysis of the Personalities of the Main Character in Gone with the Wind从浪漫走向世俗的新型女性——《理智与情感》中玛丽安的性格分析人性的扭曲信任的危机--重读《奥》剧杂感Random Thoughts on Othello爱情叙写与人性魅力--论《红与黑》中两位女主角Love Account and Human Fascination-- On the Two Heroines in "The Red and the Black"风暴之女--艾米莉·勃朗特--评析作家经历和性格对作品的影响《荒野的呼唤》中"巴克"的多重性格分析Analysis of the Complicated Nature of Buck in ″The Call of the Wild″《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫扭曲性格分析《裸者与死者》中的受虐性格分析Analysis of the Masochistic Character Portrayed in The Naked and the Dead压抑与扭曲的灵魂——霍桑《红字》主人公人物性格分析The Constrained and Distorted Soul ——the Analysis of the Protagonists Disposition of "The Scarlet Letter"财经类院校英语专业"体验英美文学"教学模式探究On the Teaching Strategy of Experiencing British and American Literature英美文学虚拟教学课堂的架构设计The Architecture Designing of Virtual Classroom of British and American Literature高校英语专业英美文学课程的现代教学思路增强英美文学意识促进英语语言教学当代英美文学的存在主义解读Interpreting Contemporary British and American Literature From the Angle of Existentialism奈保尔的旁观者写作视角与象征写作手法Onlooker's Perspective and Symbolism ofV.S .Naipaul's Writing福克纳小说中象征隐喻手法微探On the Skill of Symbolic Metaphor in Faulkner' Novels詹姆斯·乔伊斯作品中象征主义手法的运用有组织的混乱,制度化了的疯狂——透视《第二十二条军规》的写作手法Organized disorder and the systemized chaotic society试析《这里的黎明静悄悄》小说的写作手法中国象征派诗歌与西方象征主义之关系浅探Relation between Chinese Symbolic Poetry and the Western Symbolism战争的棋子——茨威格笔下受战争戕害的人物分析The Chess of the War——The Analysis of the Victim in the War from Zweig沉重的背叛——《生命中不能承受之轻》主人公萨宾娜人物分析The oppressive betrayal——The character analysis of the heroine, Sabina, in The Unbearable Lightness of Being Hester and Dimmesdale’s Attitudes towards Love and life in The Scarlet Letter论《红字》中海斯特和丁梅斯代尔对爱情、罪恶、生活的态度On Sister Carrie’s Criticism upon American SocietyOn Scarlett’s Attitude towards Life关于斯佳丽的生活观On the Characterization of Picaresque Huck论哈克的流浪汉形象On the Moral Spirit in the Great Gatsby.论《了不起的盖茨比》中的道德观Thomas Hardy’s Pessimism in Tess of the D’urbervellesA Study of Tom Joad in the Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》的中汤姆•约德研究Mark Twain’s Linguistic Style in The Adventures of Tom SawyerOn the Characteristics of Uncle Tom汤姆叔叔的性格分析A Study of the Themes in a Farewell to ArmsThe Tragic Fate of “a Pure Woman”in the Conflict of the Individual and the Society“一个纯洁女人”在人与社会发展冲突中的悲剧命运On the Language Style of a Midsummer-Night's Dream论《仲夏夜之梦》的语言风格The Social Significance of Swift's Gulliver's TravelsThe Psychological Analysis in Macbeth论莎士比亚《麦克白》的心理刻画Inflexible Ada in Cold Mountain《冷山》中执著的艾达On the Romanticism and Realism of Alice in Wonderland论爱丽丝梦游仙境的童话性与现实性On the Tragicomedy of Rebecca in Vanity Fair论《名利场》中利蓓加的悲喜一生On the Humour of Oliver Twist英美文学论文题目1. A Study of The Gift of Magi2. A Brief Comment on An American Tragedy3.On Motif of The Call of the World4.Love Tragedy and War—An Analysis of A Farewell to Arms5. A Study of Sister Carrie6.The Evil of Mankind Portrayed in Moby Dick7.On Henry Heming in The Red Badge of Courage8.Emily Dickinson and her Poems9.Analysis of A Rose of Emily10.Analysis of the theme of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn11.On the symbolism of The Old Men and the Sea12.The Language of Shakespeare’s Sonnets13.Deep Love And Deep Hatred—A Brief Analysis of Wuthering Heights14.Psychological Descriptions In Hemingway’s The Snows Of Kilimajaro15.On Ernest Hemingway And His Novel The Sun Also Rises16.The Literature Characteristics in A Tale of Two Cities17.On the Symbolism of D.H. Lawrence’s The Rainbow18.Love and Loss in Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s Poetry19.How Emily Dickinson’s Lyrics Resemble Hymn20.The Humor of Robert Frost21.Folk Elements in the Poetry of Langston Hughes22.John Keats’s Sensuous Imagery23.The Vocabulary of Music in Poems of Wallace Stevens24.Non-free Verse: Patterns of Sound in three Poems of William Carlos Williamsngston Hughes, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Dudley Randall as Prophets of Social Chang26.What It Is to Be a Woman: The Special Knowledge of Sylvia Plath,Anne Sexton, andAdrienne Rich27.Popular Culture as Reflected in the Poetry of Wendy Cope, Michael B. Stillman, Gene Fehler,and Charles Martin28.The Complex Relations Between Fathers and Sons in the Poetry of Robert Hayden, AndrewHudgins, and Robert Philips29.Making up New Words for New Meanings: Neologisms in Lewis Carroli and Kay Ryan30. A Brief Analysis of the Heroine Personality in Jane Eyre 《简爱》的主人翁个性分析31. A Brief Comment on O’Henry Short Stories 亨利的短篇小说述评32. A Comment on Hardy’s Fatalism 评哈代的宿命论33. A Comparison between the Themes of Pilgrimage to the West and Pilgrim’s Progress 《西游记》与《天路历程》主题的比较34. A Probe into the Feminist Idea of Jane Eyre 《简爱》男女平等思想的探索35. A Study of Native American Literature 美国本土文学的研究36. About the Breaking of American Dream from the Great Gatsby 从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的破碎37. Humor and Satire in Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》的幽默与讽刺38.Influence of Mark Twain’s Works in China 马克吐温的作品在中国的影响39.Love Tragedy and War—An Analysis of A Farewell to Arms40.Sister Carrie and Jennie Gerhardt41.The Evil of Mankind Portayed in Moby Dick42.On Henry Heming in The Red Badge of Courage43.Emily Dickingson and her Poems44.Analy sis of “A Rose of Emily”45.The Aesthetic Interpretation of Ezra Pound's Poetry46.Symbolism in The Great Gatsby47.an Analysis of the theme of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn48.On the symbolism of The Old Men and the Sea49.Cultural Shocks in the English Language Textbooks50.Deep Love And Deep Hate—A Brief Analysis On Wuthering Heights51.Psychological Descriptions In Hemingway’s The Snows Of Kilimajaro52.On Ernest Hemingway And His Novel The Sun Also Rises53.Difference Between China And The West Reflected In Social Manners54.First Love, Lost Love in George Eliot’s Adam Bede55.鸟的赞歌--------评英国浪漫派诗歌56.《呼啸山庄》的悲剧分析57.海明威英汉形象和冰山风格58.《名利场》的现实意义59.苔丝的形象分析60.哈姆雷特的犹豫再探讨61.爱伦坡小说的艺术创作成就62.爱伦坡小说人物塑造63.O Neill剧作对美国戏剧的影响64.华兹华斯的语言风格65.华兹华斯的自然观66.诗人哈代67.简述哈代的悲剧性叙事艺术On Hardy's tragedy narrative art68.奥斯丁与勃朗特写作风格异同The comparison between Austen and Bronte in writing style69.杰克·伦敦(或某作家)《》(某作品)评述On Farewell to Arms of Hemingway70.浅析《失乐园》中撒旦的形象塑造71.《还乡》的悲剧艺术特色72.蓓基形象再解读73.蘩漪与伯莎梅森的比较研究74.爱玛形象的魅力75.海明威研究——浅析海明威笔下的女硬汉子76.《苔丝》的悲剧性与现代性Tragedy and Modernity in Tess of D’Urbervilles77.华兹华斯诗歌的和谐观On the View of Harmony in Wordsworth’s Poetry78.海明威小说的悲剧意识79.从《老人与海》看海明威的创作特点80.《红色英勇勋章》的叙述技巧分析81.论《白鲸》的象征含义82.论吴尔夫的《1间自己的房间》中的女权主义83.论简。
关于美国迷信英文作文
关于美国迷信英文作文英文：Superstition is a common phenomenon in many cultures around the world, and the United States is no exception. Growing up in the US, I have witnessed many instances of superstition in the form of beliefs and practices that are not based on reason or scientific evidence.One common superstition in the US is the belief in the power of lucky charms or talismans. For example, some people believe that carrying a rabbit's foot or a horseshoe can bring good luck. Another common superstition is the belief in the power of certain numbers, such as the number 13 being considered unlucky.Another example of American superstition is the belief in ghosts and the paranormal. Many Americans believe in the existence of ghosts and haunted houses, and there are even TV shows and movies dedicated to exploring these beliefs.In addition, some Americans also believe in the powerof astrology and horoscopes. They believe that thealignment of the stars and planets can influence theirlives and personalities.Overall, superstition is a part of American culture,and while some may dismiss it as irrational, it isimportant to respect the beliefs of others and understand the cultural significance behind these beliefs.中文：迷信是世界上许多文化中普遍存在的现象，美国也不例外。
（英语毕业论文）浅析英式英语与美式英语之词汇差异
《美国丽人》中的伦理主题研究《麦田里的守望者》的当代启示从《红字》看十七世纪新英格兰清教主义风尚语用模糊及语用功能论初中英语教学中跨文化意识的培养论性别歧视论谭恩美《喜福会》中文化身份迷失与探寻(英语系经贸英语)浅析特许经营模式下受许人获得的优势－－以全聚德为例谈目的论视角下的商标翻译从《爱玛》中的言语反讽看乔拉的反讽理论从生态学角度解读《白鲸》浅析《德伯维尔家的苔丝》中造成苔丝悲剧的因素本我、自我、超我－－斯佳丽人物性格分析功能对等理论视域下的商标名称汉译试论《武林外传》与《老友记》中的中美文化差异试论英汉日常礼貌表达的异同浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森分析西方末世论在美国电影中的体现浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森中西方聚会文化差异比较研究从奥巴马演讲的不同译文看语域理论在翻译中的应用论《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》中三对人物关系及其象征意义《暮色》两中译本中文化缺省重构的对比研究A Study on English and Chinese Euphemisms from the Perspective of Cultural Difference 网络语言风格的性别差异《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读跨文化交际中的肢体语言目的论视角下公益广告的翻译从文体学角度浅析国际商务合同中的语言特点及翻译策略谈英汉文学作品中数字的模糊性及其翻译从生态视野解读狼图腾(日语系毕业论文)义务教育的发展—就择校问题进行的探讨论《看不见的人》的主人公的心理成长历程英汉白色词的文化象征意义及翻译新闻新词的文化内涵与翻译电影《死亡诗社》中的教育意义《无名的裘德》主人公人物形象浅析狄金森、席慕蓉爱情诗中隐喻现象对比研究耐克公司Ps营销策略对我国体育用品产业的启示中外教师教学体态语的意义差异研究论英语专业八级口语测试的内容效度中学英语教学活动的主要设计原则A Study of Pragmatic Failure in Politeness between Chinese and English论旅游英语的语言学特征试析《宠儿》中的象征手法从自然主义视角分析《嘉莉妹妹》语言艺术与目的性操纵的杂合——英文电影片名的翻译简析《黛西米勒》女主人公的悲剧《新成长的烦恼》影视字幕中文化负载词的英汉翻译策略《推销员之死》中美国梦破灭的主要原因The Influence of The New Policy of Export Tax Rebates用功能对等理论分析《经济学人》中的习语翻译论《兔子, 跑吧》中哈利的逃避主义英汉味觉词“酸甜苦辣”的比较分析从电影《喜宴》看中美婚姻观差异Color Words in Chinese and Western Literature论《傲慢与偏见》中简奥斯丁的女性意识成长与困惑——浅析托尼•莫瑞森《最蓝的眼睛》宗教在世界战争史中扮演的角色从英汉习语视角看中英文化差异《身着狮皮》中的话语、移民与身份英文电影字幕翻译的原则和技巧从校园官方网站角度对比研究中美校园文化比较约翰·邓恩与艾米丽·迪金森诗歌中奇思妙喻的艺术效果浅析《红字》中象征手法的运用《简爱》的女性主义解读《缅湖重游》之语义分析An Analysis of the Development and Future of Gothic Novel从中西思维差异角度看汉英翻译中的中式英语现象日常生活中隐喻的认知研究简析美国文学中的美国梦女性主义视野下林黛玉与简爱的比较研究《榆树下的欲望》之农场意象－－基于生态女性主义的分析文化差异对中西方商务谈判的影响The Developments of Marriage View over Three Periods in the West 对《儿子与情人》中的自然环境描写的研究从《少年派的奇幻漂流记》论人性与兽性英语体育新闻标题的特点及翻译对策任务型教学法在高中英语阅读中的使用初探Major Barriers in Listening Comprehension of College Students跨国企业广告语在中国本土化体现的文化价值观差异换位思考在商务信函中坏消息的运用及建议附带学习和有意识学习对英语词汇习得效果的比较研究论高中英语文化教学电影《功夫熊猫》中美文化融合现象分析浅析《飘》中女主人公斯佳丽的女性意识文学翻译中的对等从空间语言的角度分析中美隐私观念的差异试析《雾都孤儿》中的浪漫主义色彩广告英语的翻译论《爱玛》中的反讽The Analysis of the Narrative Style in Toni Morrison’s Beloved《珍珠》中的生态思想Women in the Roaring Twenties– A Comparative Study of Female Characters in The Great Gatsby and The Sun Also Rises野性的回归－－试析《野性的呼唤》中巴克的生存斗争《欲望号街车》女主人公悲剧性命运的女性主义解读小学英语课堂互动式教学研究初中英语词汇教学从弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫的《夜与日》看女性同性爱主题的写作模式跨文化交际中的移情及其能力的培养从中西方政治文化差异看中美关系《天使与魔鬼》中科学与宗教关系的分析从“老人与海”译本比较研究看理解在翻译中的重要性浅析《墓园挽歌》中意象的变化试析狄更斯小说《大卫科波菲尔》中大卫的性格发展The Analysis of Cultural Differences between Chinese and English Animal Idioms论华兹华斯的自然观《呼啸山庄》和它的四个版本电影的比较研究初中英语词汇教学中对策研究A Study on the Effective Ways to Improve Memory Efficiency in Consecutive Interpreting纳博科夫小说《洛丽塔》的爱情讽刺对《呼啸山庄》里所反映的人性的解读弗朗西斯培根论说文风格传译策略研究美国梦和中国梦的内涵对比研究《秀拉》中女主人公秀拉的女权主义解读英语中的性别歧视埃德加·爱伦·坡和蒲松龄恐怖小说的比较On the Differences of Rules for Eye Contact Between the East and the West论肢体语言在中国英语课堂教学中的合理应用论《荆棘鸟》中的女性意识英汉职业委婉语中“礼貌原则”之对比分析论《哈利波特》系列小说中的哥特元素英语阅读有效教学活动设计研究英汉动物词汇的文化内涵对比及其翻译从《一间自己的房间》分析弗吉尼亚伍尔夫的女性主义思想场独立和场依存对不同主题阅读材料的影响研究英语广告双关语的语用功能浅析哈代的悲观主义哲学对徐志摩诗歌创作之影响A Comparison of the English Color Terms中国英语在中国文化输出中的作用看《一间自己的屋子》中弗吉尼亚伍尔夫的女性主义思想人力资源管理浅谈《红字》中女权主义意识探析关联理论视角下《生活大爆炸》中言语幽默的汉译浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中的叙事艺术中美价值观的比较－－以《老友记》为例文化全球化语境下中英婚姻习俗的对比研究严歌苓小说《少女小渔》里中国移民的文化身份构建《傲慢与偏见》中的灰姑娘情节论《简爱》中伯莎梅森的疯癫《飞屋环游记》的人物设置特色分析合作原则在电影《暮光之城》人物心理分析中的应用德国功能目的论指导下广告口号的汉译从目的论角度比较研究《彼得潘》两个中文译本Research on the Expression of the Speaker’s Intention in English and Ch inese Conversation 朗读在中学英语教学中的作用从主位述位的角度阐述英语口语的连贯性《简爱》中的女性主义意识初探浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森个人主义与集体主义——中美文化碰撞背后的价值观差异研究简奥斯汀的婚姻观－－-根据分析她的著作《傲慢与偏见》论《傲慢与偏见》中的妇女地位问题英语政治新闻中委婉语的形式及语用功能研究论《纯真年代》的女性意识英汉谚语的文化对比及翻译The Elementary Stage Translation Teaching Design for Undergraduate English Majors从许渊冲“三美论”评析《声声慢》三个译本高中英语课堂教学中的口语教学The Gothic Elements in Edgar Allan Poe’s Works《法国中尉的女人》中对维多利亚时代的批判《哈姆雷特》中不言而喻的隐喻魅力(开题报告+论文+文献综述)从《野性的呼唤》看杰克伦敦自然主义观论修辞格在英语广告中的运用从《穿靴子的猫》看美国动画电影中的英雄主义国际商务英语合同翻译策略研究论关联理论在商业广告翻译中的运用《红字》中的丁梅斯代尔和齐灵渥斯谁更“恶”？从违反合作原则看电影语言的会话含义——以《最后的武士》为例论惠特曼的战争诗歌分析《嘉莉妹妹》中赫斯渥的人物形象高级英语课堂中教师角色研究《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读《荆棘鸟》中的三位女性形象——追寻荆棘的女人Oscar Wilde’s Aestheticism on The Picture of Dorian Gray中美篮球背后的青年文化Euphemism in English advertisements功能对等视角下的汉语数字成语英译策略研究动物词在中英文化中的喻义及其翻译英汉习语渊源对比及其常用分析方法《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿成长悲剧的成因分析以及对当今青少年的启迪哥特电影的黑暗之美-市场与文化的交接英汉基本颜色词的文化内涵对比研究浅析爱德华·摩根·福斯特《霍华德庄园》中的语言特色英汉语言与文化差异对广告翻译的影响美国电影中的英雄主义解析论高中生英语阅读技能的培养《哈利波特》中斯内普的人物分析从福斯特《天使不敢涉足的地方》看英国转型期中产阶级价值观浅析英汉基本颜色词之文化内涵－－以“白”与“黑”为例从文化负载词褒贬意义看中西文化差异商务英语翻译中的隐喻研究析《远大前程》主人公性格之路社会语言学视角下女性语言的特点从世纪后服饰发展比较中西文化差异荒岛主义在《蝇王》中的映射米兰•昆德拉《生命中不能承受之轻》的哲学体现从《汤姆索亚历险记》中分析马克吐温的幽默讽刺手法目的论与英文电影片名的翻译英汉日常礼貌用语在跨文化交际中的语用差异。
白鲸的象征意义英语毕业论文
本科毕业论文（设计）教学部专业名称英语专业年级学生指导教师摘要《白鲸》是美国伟大的象征主义大师麦尔维尔的一部重要作品，发表于1851年。
但是当时并没有引起人们的重视，直到1919年以后才被文学界重视。
我觉得《白鲸》之所以受到如此重视，不仅在于它生动细致的描写了捕鲸的壮观场面和过程，以及对人物心世界的深刻挖掘，在很大意义上还取决于它的象征意义，从而展现了作者对人类文明和命运的独特反思。
小说捕鱼的过程就是善与恶、人与自然之间无休止的战争的最好说明。
本文将对各个要素的象征意义进行探索分析。
实际上,小说里的多种人和物看似是作者编纂的，其实他们都具有一定的象征意义，都蕴含着作者对社会、对人生的独特见解。
对于小说的象征意义众说纷纭，有人认为白鲸是善的象征，有人又把它看作是恶的体现，还有人认为它代表着大自然，代表着资本主义，“一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特”，在作者的笔下白鲸颇有神秘色彩。
小说中所使用的象征手法还有很多,例如船长，船，伊什梅尔等，这种写作手法的使用使这篇小说意义深远,令人回味无穷。
所以它被称为是一部“可以让读者任意理解的”巨著,深受读者和现代评论家的赞美。
本文将对Moby Dick、Ahab、Ishmael and Pequod、Queequeq and the sea六个素材的象征意义进行探索分析。
关键词：莫比迪克;象征主义;自然ABSTRACTMoby Dick, published in 1851, is one masterpiece of Melville who is the noticeable symbolist master of American. But it failed to bring him the fame he had acquired in the 19th. There is no denying that Moby Dick attracted so seriously attention, not only lies in its vivid and detailed description of the spectacular process of whaling, as well as the deep excavation of the inner world of characters, to a great extent, it also depends on its symbolism which show unique reflection of human civilization and the fate. The course of whaling is the embodiment of the ceaseless conflicts between good and evil, of nature’s indifference to man.This thesis will explore the symbol of the various elements in the novel. A variety of elements in this novel appears to be made up by the author, in fact, they have a certain symbolic significance, which contains the unique insights into life and society. Melville makes this conflict live for the reader using symbols which invite various interpretations. The white whale, Moby Dick, some think it symbolizes good, the other regard it as embodiment of evil, while more insist it represents the nature, even the capitalism. “There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people’s eyes”, in author’s pen, Moby Dick is quite mysterious. There is a plethora of symbolic using, for instance, Captain Ahab, the ship, Ishmael, and so on. This writing techniques lead to a far-reaching significance. So it is known as “a book which readers can understand arbitrarily”, praising by the readers and modern critics, I will analyze the symbolism of Moby Dick, Ahab, Ishmael and Pequod, Queequeq and the sea six material here.Key Words：Moby Dick，symbolism，natureTable of ContentsChapter One INTRODUCTION (1)1.1 Background of Herman Melville (1)1.2 The plot of Moby Dick (1)Chapter Two MOBY DICK AND AHAB (3)2.1The Symbolic meaning of Moby Dick (3)2.2Moby Dick’s whiteness (4)2.3The Symbolic meaning of Ahab (4)Chapter Three OTHER SYMBOLIC (7)3.1The Symbolic meaning of Ishmael and Queequeq (7)3.2 The Symbolic meaning of Pequod (8)3.3Symbolic meaning of the sea (9)CONCLUSION (11)REFERENCES (12)THE SYMBOLISM OF MOBY DICK Chapter One INTRODUCTION1.1 Background of Herman MelvilleHerman Melville was born in New York, and his childhood was happy to the age of eleven when his father died in debt. He had little education and began to work early. He had be a bank clerk, a salesman, and a school teacher, and when these all failed to offer him a decent livelihood, he went to sea at about twenty. He was a Whaler, about the lowest of sailors. In that capacity he saw life from the bottom as did Mark Twain. He went to Liverpool, England, and the South Pacific, spending most of his young manhood on the sea. From his experiences and adventures on the sea would come the material for his Moby Dick.1.2 The plot of Moby DickMoby Dick, from which we can get to know the nineteenth-century American mind and American itself, is first a Shakespearean tragedy of man fighting against overwhelming odds indifferent and even hostile universe. And it is a sprawling colossus into which the author kept dumping everything he saw as necessary to prove his point.The story goes roughly as follows. Ishmael, feeling depressed，seeks escape by going out to sea on the whaling ship, Pequod. The captain is Ahab, the man with one leg. Moby Dick, the white whale, had sheared off his leg on a previous voyage, and Ahab resolves to hunt him to the kill. He hangs a doubloon on the mast as a reward for anyone who sights the whale first. The Pequod makes a good catch of whales but Ahab refuses to turn back until he has killed his enemy. Eventually the white whale appears, and the Pequod begins its doomed fight with it. On the first day the whale overturns a boat; on the second it swamps another. When the third day comes, Ahab and his crew manage to plunge a harpoon into it, but the whale carries the Pequod along with it to its doom. All on board the whaler get drowned, except one, Ishmael, who survives to tell the tale.Moby Dick is a highly symbolic work .If we only come to see the story from thesurface, the novel is no genius, but if we can see the structure under the story deeply, we can recognize the meaning is significant.Chapter Two MOBY DICK AND AHAB2.1The Symbolic meaning of Moby DickMoby Dick is the White Whale; the world’s largest creature. Moby Dick possesses various symbolic meanings for various individuals.To character Ahab, however, the whale represents only evil. Indeed, in the novel the whale is described as a destructive, hostile and mysterious being which is difficult to conquer. But such evil is not just totally in form. So, to some degree, the white whale is metaphor for the industrialization of the capitalism. In the 19th century, whaling is a very dangerous vocation, which can “being one into the abyss of future and time”. Only those impoverished and desperate would risk their life in such dangerous. The author makes a mysterious atmosphere in the novel and express human’s incapability in face to the fate. On one hand, it shows the fear and panic of Melville to the newborn capitalism, and the strength of capitalist social productivity. On the other hand reflects his sympathy and concerns to the fate and situations of people at this time.It symbolizes nature to human beings, for it is powerful, complex, mysterious, and dangerous. It swims peacefully in the sea until disturbed by humans, then shows a terrible fury and anger. Melville tries to convey to us such a faith: man cannot triumph over nature. In order to live a better life, one must follow certain principles, rather than doing absurd things like Ahab, who is obsessed with revenge. Ahab has no chance of killing Moby Dick, yet he engaged in his suicide plan to kill the whale. In the end the ship sank with the flag enfolding a sky-hawk from its natural home among the stars, indicating that if American keeps revenging on and going against nature, it is ironically seeking its own destruction. So when Ahab desperate to kill the white whale, the white whale also strike the crew. Symbolically, this is punishment of the nature. Ahab’s plan make the tragic fate fo r himself and the crew of the Pequod. Facts speak louder than words. A series example proved that while we are disrupting the order of the nature world, we are the ultimate victims, for nature is seeking its revenge.2. 2Moby Dick’s W hitenessTo some degree it is also symbol of good and purity because of its whiteness. Its whiteness is a paradoxical color, too, signifying as it does death and corruption as well as purity, innocence, and youth. It represents the final mystery of the universe which man will do well to desist from pursuing, as Howard P.Vincent observes. The white whale has lived a happy life in the nature and never intentionally hurt man. But the sailors want to conquer and kill it while at last be killed by it. At the same time, white symbolizes the mystery of the universe. To human, the secret of universe is white; people could see nothing except the white. This is one of the author's permissive opinions: man is so little in front of the strong nature that he could never know about the secret of the nature. We must realize that we are not the master of the earth. Men and nature are supposed to coexist in great harmony. Just as Darwin said “only obey nature, can conquer nature”.2.3The Symbolic Meaning of AhabAhab, the captain of the ship Pequod, is the other central character and the primary focus of the novel. Ahab is a typical Melvillean “isolato”. He cuts himself off from his wife and kid to hunt Moby Dick which makes him loss his leg. He hates Moby Dick which is an embodiment of nature. After the wound of his pride in his encounter with the white whale, he seems to hold God responsible for the presence of evil in the universe.He is an opponent of the white whale. He is a Symbol of solipsism.In order to settle his personal avengement, Ahab alternated kindness with profit, ignoring the crew’s interests and life, persist the sailors to hunt the white whale. At last the staffs except Ishmael are all buried in the sea. Ahab became a devil who is more exposed than Moby Dick here. He is the embodiment of the evil and darkness of human’s consciousness. What he doing is not in a rational and moral principle but chain by instinct and impulse, this is bound to lead to tragedy.The name Ahab in Moby Dick is symbolic and taken from the Bible, in which Ahab is described as a king who turns vile, having had someone killed so he could beking. This suggests that the Ahab of this novel will be a similarly conflicted leader. Melville many times in Moby Dick makes Ahab’s association with evil forces in the world apparent. He was called the Anti-Christ by the church Fathers. Ahab sets sail on Christmas Day, leaving when Christ’s life begins, symbolizing Ahab’s opposition to Christ like values.Ahab, on behalf of the evil, attempts to destroy the beauty and goodness. And he considers that Moby Dick bite off his leg out off a sinister motivation, is deliberately against him. Therefore, he must fight a decisive battle with it to get the psychological balance. For the sake of revenge, he can go against the interests of the owner to kill whales; in order to revenge, he spared no expense to reward, using sweet words to confuse personnel. To revenge, he threats the whole seaman bowing to his will absolutely ; To revenge, he even putting all the crew's lives in danger , betting all on a single throw, refusing to mend his way . He and his sailors' crazy seek for the white whale just means people whose state is out of control. When man is in such state, he will be controlled by the vicious side and destroy others, even himself. He is like a crazy beast, meeting the tragic ending step by step.However, he is also a man dare to against the gods, against the old custom rules, a man fear nothing, never gives up, and he is an experienced sea captain. Having fight with the terrible sea for forty years, He has a" noble soul, great and simple heart ".He exercises fish gun agile and accurate, he was stabbed numerous large whales .He suffered a contusion setbacks, but he will never be defeated. At this time, he is a Promethean Man, just like Byron's Cain rebelled against god's will, risked danger in desperation.Like Gerd's Faust, never satisfied, and explore with no end; He also likes Hamilton's Samson, proceeding without hesitation to perish together with the enemy. In the novel, the sailors spend nearly three years to complete the voyage, and during this period, they living in the shabby canvass in the ship, are merely on stocked food and seawater. They are exposed to the freezing storm from the polar areas, and their life is always on the verge of death. Even Ahab himself is ripped off one leg.With the above analysis, Ahab's character is multiple, contradictory. This image of the symbolic meanings is also complex, vague, difficult to grasp .To him, good, evil coexist, and beauty and ugly exist side by side.Chapter Three OTHER SYMBOLIC3.1The Symbolic Meaning of Ishmael and QueequeqIshmael is schoolteacher and part-time sailor; a Presbyterian, like Melville, he projects Calvinistic thinking tempered by his background in literature and philosophy. He discusses such issues as free will, predestination, necessity, and damnation. He is the sole survivor of the Pequod. He was controlled by a feeling of loneliness and estrangement, which is between man and man, nature and soul, which is one of the themes of the novel. The author thought that in 19th century, American was under the control of such loneliness. So He escaped from his living environment and got on the Pequod just want to find a new life that could make him feel happy and fulfilled. In this voyage, he gradually know the importance of love and friendship, which the author through is the guarantee of human life. This perspective we can see from the relationship between Ishmael and Queequeq.Queequeq was the first man that Ishmael met in his adventure. He was the son of a chief of a tribe. He represented the ancient society. He learned the knowledge of civilization from those passing ship then he began to imagine and yearn for the civilized world. To search for happiness and joy for his people, he landed on a ship whose purpose was to search for whale. When Ishmael first met Queequeq , he is afraid of that this black man must eat human. But with deep contracts with Queequeq, the first impression is quickly replaced by the impression of noble and trustworthy friend. What’s more, his behavior of saving a sailor established his heroic image in Ishmael’s heart. And he is the only man Ishmael want to sleep with. Their friendship proved that man can be happy and acceptable with his peers:It was a humorously perilous business for both of us. For, before we precede any further, it must be said that the monkey rope was fast at bothends; fast to Queequeg’s broad canvas belt, and fast to my [Ishmael’s]narrow leather one. So that for better or for worse, we two, for the time,were wedded; and should poor Queequeg sink to rise no more…whileearnestly watching his motion, I seemed distinctly toperceive that my own individuality was now merged in a joint stockcompany of two;….. But handle Queequeg’s monkey-rope heedfully as Iwould… Nor could I possibly forget that, do what I would, I only hadmanagement of one end of it. (玲玲.《白鲸》的象征意义.第16页)To Queequeq’s disappoint he has found the so-called civilized man is hypocrisy and insincerity until he is died. The contrast of the attitude of Queequeq towards the western world before and after he got on the ship was a bitter taunt from Melville. Melville used the form of words to criticize and reconsider the western civilization which centered on materialism. as novel went on, when the Pequod and the crew all died, Ishmael was saved by Queequeq’ coffin, which symbolized the remains of the ancient culture. On one aspect, Melville showed his wish to the development of western culture. On the other aspect, the passage proves that Ishmael and Queequeg are close enough that weare willing to die for each other. Melville emphasizes the importance of the friendship and the beauty of human’s soul, and also shows how the interdependency of mankind is unavoidable and how no person can control it. Melville asserts that life interwoven, whether it be one human connects to another human or one action connects to another action; everything it ultimately interdependent.3.2 The Symbolic Meaning of Pequod"Moby Dick" is a description about a whale catcher named Pequod led by the Capitan Ahab hunt the whale. On the surface, it seems that the whole book focus on the implacable hatred between Captain Ahab and Moby Dick, however in fact it is not only an odd adventure novel. The whole staff of Pequod approached to the whales step-by-step and their ultimate demise, which symbolized the fate of human beings in the society, nature and even the universe. And the author used symbolism to express his sense of concern for the fate of mankind.Obviously, the tragic fate of the Pequod and the crew was destined from the beginning. First of all, the ship's name itself is a symbol of death. Pequod is the name of a tribe in American Indian. After the white occupy American, many local Indian tribes and ethnic were killed by the white in their conflicts and Pequod was one of them. The author used it to name the ship just indicated the misery fate. Thus we can move naturally to the second aspect that, the narrator Ishmael of the whole story was the only survivor of this ship, he just retold the disaster. Just as Ishmael said: “The sailors have made great efforts to g o through the wide sea only to run to their death. They searched and pursued, only to look for the thing that finally destroyed them.”Melville used this kind of arrangement, only one survivor to tell the whole story, just imply the tragedy of the ship.Furthermore, the voyage of Pequod, in another word, represents the spirit of expansion of capitalism. Melville’s time is in the expansion oriented era, and whaling contributes to the affluence of people and the accumulation of capital. Even the development o f capitalism depends on the whaler’s toil and blood on the expansive sea. And at this time, the great Westward Expansion is so hot, especially the famous dictate “go west, young man” spreads all over the American nation. Industry gradually become the majority apart of American, and is the key to uplift the living standards and quality of life of the people.3.3Symbolic Meaning of the SeaThe author in the novel describes a fascinating and calm of the sea. It is quiet, magnificent and full of temptation. It is a stark contrast to the thick earth. It attracts people on this land with its extraordinary glamour. Just like a famous people says: Water is always linked with thought and the sea is the best place where Ishmael could think and explore life. It gives the tender call day and night with the crew back to its bosom.The sea has a charming and gorgeous scenery during the day and night. Its beautiful makes them feel amazing. The crew was deeply attracted by the unique charm of the sea. Of course, the sea is not always calm. It is also turbulent. Itsindignation makes the crew feel that death comes. The sea evokes the sadness of their lives and great hope for the future. In the description of the sea, the author not only points out that the unique charm of the sea, also showed the deep connotation of the sea represent. The sea is the call of the mother gives to her children far away, is the teacher to students carefully cultivated, and is the love of the land given by autumn leaves. It also like human's soul, have nothing to fear.The sea in the novel shows a mysterious force, that is the power of nature, powerful and irresistible. This power is endowed from the White Whale, but is presented by the unpredictable sea. It is sometimes calm dignity, sometimes sweet, sometimes gives a terrible storm. He let people like and unpredictable. No matter sunny day or night, under the calm seas are the unknown astonishing destructive power and deadly whale.At the end of the novel, the sea calm again, suggesting that it should be peaceful coexistence between human and other species. Human beings should live in harmony with nature, respect each other. At the same time, water represents the source of life, human cannot break away from water. So, the ocean is also a symbol of the unpredictable fate for the human. In our lives, we often have to face the challenge of life, the fate of the tease. Ocean represents the danger in our real life, ship is a symbol of our life protection. Sometimes people have to face life's challenges and unpredictable risk. We need to do is accept challenge bravely, take out your courage, struggle for ever.If we know these, we might have a better understanding of life. We should get rid of the old thought to learn to know the ocean again.CONCLOSIONMoby Dick is a comprehensive summary of the author’s understanding of society and life; it describes the whaling workers hard work and wisdom, revealed the cruelty Exploitation of capitalism. Since half a century of oblivion, Moby Dick Nowadays, becomes the first-class novel work in nineteen century around the world, and its influence is still far-reaching, even it has been adapted into movie and plays. The permanent charm and the transcend space’s value of it cannot be separated from the complex symbolism of the novel. And the symbolic meanings are still applicable in the modern society. In recent years, Moby Dick is so hot that many scholars committed to study it from every aspect. The symbolism of Moby Dick has been excavated multiple, however, it need to explore constantly. I believe more people can find illumination in it, and will attract by its charm.REFERENCES1.常耀信.《美国文学简史》[M].天津：南开大学，2008.92. Richard H. Brodhead..《白鲸新论》[M].：大学，20073.麦永雄.《美国现代史诗：〈白鲸〉四个世界的阐释》[J].《广西师大学学报.哲学社会科学版》.第33卷第3期，1997.94.金丽，亚青.《美国文学》[M].：外语教学与研究出版，19975.丞华.《文化与人格—对中西文化差异的一次比较》[M]. ：中国科技法学.，19956.左金梅.《美国文学》[M].：中国海洋大学，2006, 67.朱立元.《当代西方文艺理论》[M].：华东师大学，2005urence Macphee.《赫尔曼麦尔维尔的<白鲸>》[M].王克非，等译.：外语教学与研究，19979.朱永涛.《英语国家社会与文化入门》[M].：高等教育，199810.洁.《美国文学选读》[M].：高等教育，2002.。
美国课堂特点英文作文
美国课堂特点英文作文英文：When it comes to the characteristics of American classrooms, there are several things that come to mind. First and foremost, American classrooms tend to be very interactive. Teachers encourage students to participate in discussions and share their opinions on various topics. This not only helps students to develop critical thinking skills, but also fosters a sense of community within the classroom.Another characteristic of American classrooms is the emphasis on independent learning. Teachers often assign projects and assignments that require students to conduct their own research and come up with their own ideas. This helps to develop self-motivation and self-discipline, which are important skills for success in the real world.In addition, American classrooms tend to be verydiverse. Students from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds are often present, which creates a rich learning environment where students can learn from each other's experiences and perspectives.Finally, American classrooms are often equipped with the latest technology. Smartboards, laptops, and other devices are commonly used to enhance the learning experience and provide students with access to a wealth of information.中文：谈到美国课堂的特点，有几个方面需要提到。
英语专业本科论文《茶花女》
英语专业本科论文《茶花女》英语专业本科论文《茶花女》` An Analysis on Male-centered Consciousness in The Lady of the Camellias Acknowledgement In writing this thesis, I have benefited from the presence of my teachers and my classmates. They generously helped me collect materials I needed and made many invaluable suggestions. I hereby extend my grateful thanks to them for their kind help, without which the paper would notChen Ke, who guided me throughout my writing of this thesis. She carefully read the whole draft and offered painstaking and precious criticism. Her standards of academic excellence have made my revision an exciting and gratifying experience.without the help of those individuals and organizations hereafter mentioned with gratitude: the Foreign Language Department, the University Library and its staff. An Analysis on Male-centered Consciousness in The Lady of the Camellias Abstract The Lady of the Camellias was a masterpiece of world literature and even was presented on the stage for many times. And as we all know, The Lady of the Camellias was the first foreign novel that entered our country. It played an importantrole in modern Chinese literature. It was a tragic love story between Marguerite Gautier, a prostitute and a young bourgeois, Armand Duval. Marguerite was not only a prostitute but also a beautiful girl with pure heart. She sacrificed everything she had for love, even her own life. This essay analyzed the tragic story of The Lady of the Camellias from the prospective of male-centered consciousness. The paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the author, the writing background, story itself, and other basic information; the second part introduces the gender theory and male-centered consciousness which belongs to it; the third part analyzes the domination of Alexandre Dumas Fils’s male-centered consciousness on the Novel from different aspects, such as heroine’s identity, character, life experience, indication, women’s thoughts, the uneven relationship between woman and man, the author’s narrative technique; the fourth part sums up the paper and puts forward its practical significance. The tragic ending of the heroine was due to a multitude of reasons. But the main reason should be the domination of male-centered consciousness on the society and people’s thought. We should realize that the male-centered consciousness impacted not only literature works but also every aspects of people’s life. Key Words: Gendertheory; Male-centered Consciousness; The Lady of the Camellias 摘要《茶花女》是法国亚历山大·小仲马的代表作，是一部世界文学经典，曾被多次搬上舞台银幕。
AmericanHigherEducation美国高等教育英语论文
American Higher EducationKey words: higher education campus lifeSummary: education plays an important role in country’s development and has been drawn more attention. Aiming at American higher education, I make a brief introduction. Something about the education system of American higher education, reflecting on its characteristics, and more about the campus life.Education plays an important role in the development of a country and has been a sign of comprehensive strength. Due to the differences of political, economic, culture and other aspects, every country’s education system has its own characteristics, which can be more easily reflected by higher education. The following is a brief description of the American higher education.Americans attach great importance to education. Now there are about 3,300 high schools and 12 million students of the United States. Some schools are public and others are private. The difference is the manner in which the schools are supported and controlled. Public schools are supported by taxes and in charge of local government. They are not influenced by religion. Students in different religions can stay in one classroom and study, so there is no discrimination. Private schools are not in charge of government. It is independently funded, connecting with religious groups, and most of them are in charge of the Roman Catholic Church.Students can get higher education in college or university. College refers to the school where high school graduates can be admitted and learn knowledge. Compared to university, college is smaller in scale and not so professional. But in some certain aspects, college is also good. While university is relatively large in scale and is more comprehensive and complex. Usually, a university has several colleges, where students can learn some professional knowledge or skills. In general, a university is made up of science and engineering college and liberal arts college. Both of them have some branches, such as building, machine, information technology, language, economy and so on. After a student choosing his major, he will be a student of onecollege to learn professional knowledge. In universities, students not only take the necessary courses, but also to do some research in the field they major in. There are some famous universities, such as Harvard, Y ale, and Stanford University. With better facilities, more research, more teachers, and more branches of subjects, the famous universities develop more talents and make much progress in science and technology.In America, there is community college, two-year college, state college, institute of technology and so on. In a four-year university, there are four grades: freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior. In the first two years, students are taught basic courses, such as English, science, foreign, languages and social science. And later, they will learn something about their major and do some practice or research.What’s the American campus life like?Classroom Atmosphere. Every teacher has his own teaching style and the style is not fixed. Generally speaking, the classroom atmosphere is relax and active. Students are encouraged to talk, express their opinions, and do some actions to show their ideas. In the class, students are more creative and cooperative with students and teachers. Their interests and passion about one problem or question can be greatly improved. American higher education also carries out credit system. Students can decide when and which subject to learn, only to follow the flowchart of your major. When starting school in the first year, students receive a flowchart，something about the courses they must take and the lowest score they have to earn. But every term a student must get determinate score. Thus in one class students maybe from different majors and different grades. Also the classroom is not fixed. Sometimes there are 100 students in a class, which is crowed.Sometimes teachers may not rely on the textbook and they are student-centered. They care more about the creativity development and independent thinking of students. Such teaching style and classroom atmosphere is helpful for improving the ability and personal skills. Students are not required to memorize, listen, or write, they can acquire knowledge solidly. Meanwhile, they will be impressed by the way to solve the problem and the way of thinking.The Accommodation. In most universities, students can choose to live oncampus or live off campus. Both of them have advantages and disadvantages. Live on campus is convenient and fast to go to the classroom or library. Y ou can meet with students and communicate with each other more easily. Second, talking about the problems of study and life is a good way to develop friendship. Third, living on campus can be relatively cheap, so you can save money and time. But the space of the dormitory is limited, so you may feel not free.Live off campus. Y ou can choose to live with a family, but you have to do something yourself. In fact, it is a good way to practice yourself to be independent. Y ou can learn something about the local customs from the family and improve your ability to communicate with others. Obviously, it takes more time to go to school and clean house, so you should do things quickly and efficiently. Personally I think living off campus may be good for us, especially for a international student. Y ou can not only practice your speaking English, but also have a better understanding of the local culture.The library. Every university has its own library. It can be the best place to study and read some books you interested in. Usually, the library has a large collection of different kinds of books. In addition, many courses require students to read books and look up magazines or though the Internet to get the information they need. There is online library with all the information about the books. With the help of computers, it is much faster and convenient to find materials and books. Sometimes, students don’t have to go to the library, just through the online research, they can ge t the information, search the book they want to borrow and check the deadline of the books they have borrowed. Library has been a good place to study and research for the environment is quiet and comfortable.Homework. College students also have homework. The amounts and kind vary with the subject and teacher. After some chapters of lessons, students will receive homework to practice and solidify the knowledge. In some class, they are asked to do some activities, such as role play, finding resources or discussion. There is no fixed pattern. Meanwhile, the way teachers to check their homework may be through the Internet, in class, or do some program.Extracurricular activities. There are all kinds of extracurricular activities about college students. Sports activities are not only good for students’ health, but also improve friendship with each other. For example, football match is a common activity, which can enhance teamwork spirit. There are many clubs in universities aiming at developing student’s interes t and enrich their life. Other literature and art organization also attracted many students. It is not required to reach high level, but can adjust the atmosphere, let the students relax and have a good time during their leisure time. There is student union in college school. Student who are interested in and have the ability can have a try to do a job. In fact, it is a good way to improve one’s ability. Other social public welfare activities, such as helping the old and unable, blood donation, and other fo rms of activities is to improve students’ conscious of helping the person in need and doing what we can do to protect the world. On weekends, party is a choice for many students. It can take place in dormitory, off campus or other places to enjoy a happy time. The party maybe not formal, but the atmosphere is very high. As we all know, the tuition of American higher school is very high, some students choose to find a job in their part time to earn money for the expense.After the four-year study, students can get the Bachelor Degree. Off all the higher school graduates, many choose to continue studying for master and doctor degree. In order to be admitted by a good university, students must work hard and hard, because there are many students want to apply for the famous university. Some choose to find a job. It is not easy to find a suitable job. They have to do much practice and take part in many activities in school and in the part time to improve themselves. No matter working or studying, graduates will be faced with great challenge.For many students, university is the place where they improve their independence and ability, preparing for the social life. As people say, university is a small society, you will learn to deal with problems you may meet in the future. A wide variety of knowledge are available and students can also enjoy the campus life. To some extent, university is a window through which students can know more about the life and broaden their view of the world.Reference:美国文化与社会American culture and society 王恩铭编上海外语教育出版社2009.7英语国家社会与文化Exploring-English-speaking Countries梅仁毅主编外语教学与研究出版社2010.8美国文化教程胡敏编世界知识出版社2000.8美国大学校园英语与文化American Campus English and Culture 赵勇鄢波编清华大学出版社2005.9美国社会与文化吴斐编武汉大学出版社2003。
美国思想作文模板英文
美国思想作文模板英文英文：When it comes to American ideology, there are a few key principles that come to mind. First and foremost is the idea of individualism. Americans value their personal freedoms and the ability to make their own choices without interference from the government or other individuals. This is reflected in our political system, which is based on the idea of limited government and individual rights.Another important aspect of American ideology is the concept of equality. While we may not always live up tothis ideal, it is something that we strive for as a nation. This includes equality of opportunity, regardless of race, gender, or socio-economic status. It also includes the idea of equal treatment under the law.Finally, American ideology is often associated with the concept of the "American Dream." This is the idea thatanyone, regardless of their background, can achieve success and prosperity through hard work and determination. This concept has been a driving force in American culture for generations, and it continues to inspire people today.中文：说到美国思想，有几个关键原则会让人想到。
关于英美文学的论文
关于英美文学的论文英美文学作为世界文学史上的一颗璀璨明珠,不仅向世界文坛展示了英美文学的丰富内涵、人文主义情怀,还向世界民众呈现了英美民族悠久的历史和独特的文化传统。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英美文学的论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英美文学的论文篇1论英美文学作品鉴赏教学摘要：随着国际交流日益广泛，培养国际化人才已成为现代社会高等教育的一项重要任务。
本文阐述了英美文学鉴赏教学对于培养学生语言能力素养、跨文化意识和人文精神的重要作用，通过探索和改进文学教学方法，提出了调动学生积极性，建立以学生为主体、教师为主导，课堂面授与网络教学相结合的全新立体化教学思路。
关键词：英美文学教学跨文化人文精神近年来，在经济全球化浪潮的冲击下，我国英美文学教学面临着困境。
在“实用主义”影响下，许多院校注重开设与市场关系较大的实用性课程，如外贸英语、商务英语、旅游英语等，英美文学的教学内容和课时量都被大幅度地压缩，文学课程受到冷落已经是不可回避的事实。
文学语言具有艺术性、形象性，且精美凝练，是培养学生跨文化交际能力最好的选择，忽视语言文化内涵的英语教学，只会导致学生对语言的理解和把握只停留在比较肤浅的层次上。
高校英美文学鉴赏教学应该摒弃传统的教学模式，利用先进的多媒体技术增加教学的形象性与趣味性，形成一门大学生人文素质课程，通过对文学作品的鉴赏培养学生良好的语言应用能力、人文素质、文学修养和跨文化交际能力。
一、阅读英美文学作品的意义1.感受语言魅力文学是语言的艺术，是人类文化中最璀璨的珍宝，是语言大师经过加工提炼的语言，学生可以接触到小说、散文、诗歌、戏剧、传记等各种题材作品中最为丰富的语言现象。
英语表意功能强，或典雅深邃，或诙谐幽默;或含蓄婉约，或明快粗犷。
其凝练精美、形象生动的语言在英美作家作品里得到了淋漓尽致的体现。
通过阅读优秀的英美文学作品，学生可以感受英语音乐性的韵律美，品味作家的写作风格与语言特色。
作品本身的语言结构、修辞手段、韵律等特征让读者感受语言的多样性和丰富性，提高语言理解与表达能力和对作品的鉴赏力，使读者感受艺术的熏陶。
美国的教育 英语作文
美国的教育英语作文Education in the United States。
Education in the United States is a complex and diverse system that includes both public and private institutionsat all levels. The system is structured to provide students with a broad range of educational opportunities, from preschool through graduate school, and to prepare them fora variety of careers and life experiences.The foundation of the American education system is the public school system, which is funded and administered by state and local governments. Public schools are free and open to all students, regardless of their social or economic background. They are required to provide a basic education to all students, including instruction in reading, writing, math, science, social studies, and physical education.In addition to public schools, there are many privateschools in the United States, which are funded by tuition and donations. Private schools vary widely in their size, curriculum, and philosophy, and can be religious or secular in nature. Some private schools offer specialized programsin areas such as the arts, technology, or international studies.Higher education in the United States is also diverse and includes a wide range of institutions, from community colleges to research universities. Community colleges offer two-year associate degrees and are often a more affordable option for students who want to complete their general education requirements before transferring to a four-year university. Four-year universities offer bachelor's degrees, and many also offer graduate programs that lead to master's or doctoral degrees.One of the unique features of the American education system is its emphasis on extracurricular activities. Students are encouraged to participate in sports, clubs,and other activities outside of the classroom, which can help them develop leadership skills, social connections,and a sense of community.Despite the strengths of the American education system, it also faces many challenges. One of the most significantis the achievement gap, which refers to the disparity in academic performance between different groups of students, particularly those from low-income and minority backgrounds. Other challenges include funding disparities between schools, teacher shortages, and the need to adapt torapidly changing technology and workforce demands.In conclusion, education in the United States is a complex and diverse system that provides students with a broad range of opportunities and prepares them for avariety of careers and life experiences. While there are many strengths to the system, there are also significant challenges that must be addressed in order to ensure thatall students have access to a high-quality education.。
英式英语和美式英语的差异 英语毕业论文
英式英语和美式英语的差异目录摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)1.英式英语和美式英语的基本差异 (1)1.1语言 (1)1.2词汇 (2)1.3语法 (3)2.英式英语与美式英语的历史及演变 (5)2.1英式英语的历史 (5)2.2美式英语的历史 (5)2.3美式英语对英式英语的影响 (6)3.两者产生差异的原因 (8)3.1政治经济 (8)3.2社会生活 (8)3.3国家历史 (9)4.英语的发展前景 (10)4.1当前形式方面 (10)4.2国际地位方面 (10)结论 (12)参考文献 (13)致谢 (14)摘要英语现在已经发展成一个在全球范围内使用最广泛的语言。
英语作为英美化信息的载体和表现形式，深深地烙上了英美独有的文化印记。
本文从英式英和美式英语两种语言在音、形、意三个方面语言的差异追溯其变化原因。
由于英语本身具有词汇量大、包容性大、表达简洁的特点，英语语言的发展趋势将向着共同语言与多样化并存的方向发展。
在漫长的岁里，英语逐渐成为了世界这个大家庭的主要语言。
而英语本身在进化当中也出现了分化,出现了美式英语与英式英语两大语系。
由于英美两国政治经济、社会生活和国家历史的因素导致两种英语语系在语言、词汇和语法上存在诸多差异。
关键词：英式英语；美式英语；前景；因素；原因AbstractNowadays English has been developing into a global language. As a message carrier, English fully reflects the unique cultures possessed by the British and American countries.The first part of this paper investigates the differences between the British English and its American counterpart from phonetic sound, vocabulary and gramma . Then the underlying causes of the differences are exposed in the second part which from politics and economy, social life and national history. And the last part predicts the future of English according to the trend of its development. All in all, since English is characterized by its huge vocabulary, great tolerance, and conciseness, it leaves little room for argument that English will be well on its way to be a diversified common language.Key Words：British English；American English；cause of change；furture1.英式英语和美式英语的基本差异语言总是随着社会的发展和人们生活方式的改变而不断变化。
（英语毕业论文）分析埃里森《隐形人》中美国的种族歧视
1 人文主义思想在《皆大欢喜》中的运用2 杰克的悲剧与海明威的世界观3 成功智力理论对英语素质教育的启示4 A Journey through Harsh Reality: Reflections on Gulliver’s Travels5 A Popular Form of Subtitles Translation by Fansub Group on the Internet6 (英语毕业论文)由个性反映出爱—《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观7 (英语毕业论文)分析埃里森《隐形人》中美国的种族歧视8 论《麦田里的守望者》的“非乐观性”9 浅析艾米莉•狄金森诗歌中的认知隐喻10 中西方文化差异对广告翻译的影响11 从植物词看英汉文化差异12 A Research on V ocabulary Learning Strategies Employed by Non-English Majors in the CALL Environment13 谈某些颜色词的翻译14 (英语毕业论文)英汉语中恐惧隐喻的认知分析（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）15 (英语毕业论文)从生态女性主义的角度解读《喜福会》（开题报告+论文+文献综述）16 (英语毕业论文)从顺应论的角度谈英文电影片名的汉译（开题报告+论文）17 (英语毕业论文)《嘉莉妹妹》中女主人公美国梦的幻灭(开题报告+论文)18 初中生英语词汇教学策略19 (英语毕业论文)奈达“功能对等”理论在中国电影片名英译中的运用分析（开题报告+论文+文献综述）20 撒旦和孙悟空的形象和文化内涵对比21 论英语自然地理术语的汉译22 论中美商务谈判中个人主义和集体主义价值观冲突及对策23 (英语毕业论文)论《海上扁舟》中的美国自然主义24 (英语毕业论文)《老人与海》中桑迪亚哥的硬汉形象探析（开题报告+论文）25 霍桑的矛盾心理及其体现在《红字》中的对比描写26 (英语毕业论文)Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese by Analyzing Brand Names27 (英语毕业论文)观电影《刮痧》简析中西文化价值冲突(开题报告+论文)28 古诗词英译关于夸张的翻译策略研究29 解读二十世纪二十年代美国商业社会——对《巴比特》的人物性格及讽刺手法的分析30 论小说与电影《最后的大亨》的叙事特征31 英文电影中俚语的翻译策略32 论《最蓝的眼睛》中的黑人文化传统33 《阿Q正传》中文化负载词的翻译34 学生写作中中式英语的表现形式及其改进方式35 Investigation of Cultural Difference in English-Chinese Advertisement Translation from Rhetoric Perspective36 生态视角下解读《荒野的呼唤》37 美国宗教文化及价值观在其外交政策中的体现38 概念隐喻视角下看莎士比亚十四行诗39 The Major Characters in Wuthering Heights under the Perspective of Ethics40 The Horror Elements in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone41 (英语毕业论文)试比较中美中学历史教育中历史思维的培养（开题报告+论文）42 On the Sufferings of the Protagonists in Wilde’s Fairy Tales from the Aesthetic Perspective43 中美礼貌用语的跨文化对比分析44 浅析《汤姆叔叔的小屋》对美国内战爆发的影响45 《德伯家的苔丝》中亚雷形象分析46 从传播美学分析国内畅销知名化妆品广告中的译文47 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的象征及其作用48 An Analysis of Scarlett’s Character49 《女勇士》的后殖民女性主义解读50 跨文化交际中的语用失误及其对策51 (英语毕业论文)中国与日本茶文化的比较(开题报告+论文+文献综述)52 《围城》英译本中文化负载词的翻译53 The Gothic Love in Wuthering Heights54 文艺复兴及浪漫主义时期希腊神话对英国文学的影响55 中西方祭祀文化之异同56 从合作原则看《傲慢与偏见》中的会话含义57 (英语毕业论文)女性主义家园乌托邦思想的构建－－论夏洛特•吉尔曼在《戴安莎的作为》58 萧伯纳的费边思想在芭芭拉少校中的体现59 母语正迁移在初中英语教学中的研究与应用60 解读《金色笔记》中的女性主义61 英语听力自主学习方法探究62 中西方婚礼习俗的差异和融合63 道林格雷——《道林格雷的画像》中华丽外表下的丑恶心灵64 论小组学习在英语教学中的应用65 论《德伯家的苔丝》中的女性主义意识66 双重文化下的文化选择——解析电影《刮痧》中中国移民的文化身份危机67 中英酒吧文化对比68 论《老友记》幽默字幕翻译69 《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克形象新析70 身势语在国际商务谈判中的应用71 (英语毕业论文)中国与美国家庭教育的差别72 霍桑在《红字》中对人的罪恶的探究73 英语财经报道中的词汇衔接研究74 Listening in Interpretation75 英语文学课外学习活动组织方式的探讨76 (英语毕业论文)浅析《觉醒》中艾德娜自杀的必然性77 教师身势语在英语口语教学中的应用78 论《爱玛》的反讽艺术79 (英语毕业论文)《夜访吸血鬼》中的模糊性别观（开题报告+论文）80 (英语毕业论文)Study on the Basic Principles of Legal English Translation81 中英死亡委婉语翻译的跨文化研究82 民族文化差异与广告语言创意83 迷信思想起源研究84 案例教学法在英语口语教学中的应用85 英语学习中语法的功能86 (英语毕业论文)功能文体学视角下的商务合同文体分析及翻译87 Film Translation in the Horizon of Relevance Theory—Based on the Film Dead Poets Society88 论《隐形人》中的象征主义89 论托尼•莫里森《宠儿》的哥特式元素90 《雾都孤儿》中的善与恶91 Cause Analysis of Pragmatic Failure in Cross-cultural Communication92 (英语毕业论文)英语广告双关语的语用分析（开题报告+论文）93 从“硬汉”角度分析《丧钟为谁而鸣》中的皮拉尔94 浅析《傲慢与偏见》中的几种婚姻模式95 英语广播新闻与报纸新闻的文体比较96 高中生英语学习成败归因现状调查及对策97 杰克•伦敦《野性的呼唤》中人生哲学的主题分析98 英语课堂中的非传统学习策略99 为爱而叛逆——简·爱对爱的渴求的分析100 (日语系毕业论文)义务教育的发展—就择校问题进行的探讨。
美国教育的英语作文
美国教育的英语作文Education in the United States。
Education in the United States is highly valued and considered a key factor in achieving success. The education system in the U.S. is divided into three levels: elementary, secondary, and higher education.Elementary education, also known as primary education,is typically for children between the ages of 5 and 11. Children attend elementary school for six years and learn basic skills such as reading, writing, and arithmetic. Elementary schools often have a strong emphasis on socialization and character development.Secondary education, also known as high school, is for students between the ages of 12 and 18. High school is typically four years long and students are required to take a variety of courses including English, math, science,social studies, and physical education. High schools alsooffer elective courses in areas such as art, music, and foreign languages.In the U.S., higher education is not mandatory, but itis highly encouraged. Higher education includes collegesand universities, which offer a variety of degree programs such as associate's, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Higher education is often seen as a means to achieve higher paying jobs and greater career opportunities.The U.S. education system places a strong emphasis on standardized testing, which is used to evaluate student performance and determine school funding. The most well-known standardized tests are the SAT and ACT, which are college entrance exams.One of the biggest challenges facing the U.S. education system is the achievement gap, which refers to thedisparities in academic performance between different demographic groups such as race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Many efforts have been made toaddress the achievement gap, including increased fundingfor schools in disadvantaged areas and the implementation of programs aimed at improving academic performance.Overall, education in the United States is highly valued and seen as a key factor in achieving success. While there are challenges facing the education system, efforts are being made to address them and improve the quality of education for all students.。
美国传统文化英文作文
美国传统文化英文作文英文：Traditional American culture is a diverse and complex concept that can be difficult to define. However, there are several key aspects that are commonly associated with American culture.Firstly, individualism is highly valued in American culture. Americans tend to place a strong emphasis on personal freedom and self-reliance. This can be seen in the country's political and economic systems, as well as in everyday life. For example, Americans are often encouraged to pursue their own goals and dreams, and to take responsibility for their own success or failure.Another important aspect of American culture is a strong work ethic. Americans are known for their hardworking nature and dedication to their careers. This can be seen in the long hours that many Americans work, aswell as in the importance placed on education and career advancement.Finally, American culture is often associated with a sense of optimism and positivity. Americans tend to be upbeat and enthusiastic, and are often encouraged to look on the bright side of life. This can be seen in the country's popular culture, such as its movies and music, which often celebrate the American Dream and the possibilities of success and happiness.中文：传统的美国文化是一个多样化而复杂的概念，往往难以定义。
英语硕士学位论文从《了不起的盖茨比》中看美国梦的破灭.doc
浙江大学硕士学位论文从ltlt了不起的盖茨比gtgt中看美国梦的破灭The Collapse of The American Dream Represented in The GreatGatsby姓名：赵婉清申请学位级别：硕士专业：英语语言文学指导教师：殷企平谭惠娟20041201 TheCollapseoftheAmericanDreamRepresented intheGreatGatsby Abstract AmericanDreamex istedineveryAmerican’sheartbutitwasintangible.American people were proud of their American dreams and Americanmysteries fromone generation to another generationtherefore therewere alarge number of works in American literature’s history describing AmericanDream. F. Scott. Fitzgerald is famous American writer of The Lost Generationwho is also the spokesman of “Jazz Age’’. His masterpiece The Great Gatsbyfully revealed the realization and the collapse of American Dream in1920s.ThereareseveralreasonstoexplainthecollapseofAmericanDream:withtheunprecedent ed economical prosperity after WWI influencedby the AmericanDreamnumerouspeopleswarmedintotheurbanarea.Thevariousstagesofsocietyare runningformoneyandachievingtheirpurposesbydifferentwaysmany American people stuck into confused helpless idle confused mentalstate. The over fanatics of materialism was vibrating the root of traditionalconceptofAmericanDreamThereforethepursuitofultra‐highenjoymentofthe material corruption of individual moral and social reasons such as WorldWarIthrowingtheyoungmenintoanageofalienationdissentienteconomicbloomaffecti ngthepromisingmenandcorruptionofsocialmoraleventuallyled to Gatsby’s dreams and the sacred American Dream in every Americanheartshattered. This paper would briefly analyze the development American dream onthis basis people would perceive the theme of the American dream in themajor works of Fitzgerald moreover it also would analyze the rootwhichcausestheAmericandreamshattered.Keywords:AmericanDreamGayGatsbycollapser oot AcknowledgementsThecompletionofthisthesisisduetothecontributionandeffortsofseveralp eopletowhomIoweagreatdealofgratitudeandappreciation．Firstofall，1wouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltthankstoProfessorYinQipingandProfessorTanHuijuan，whohavebeengivingmeinvaluableinstructionandencouragementthroughoutthewholeproces s．Theysqueezedtimeoutofpressingschedulestoprovidemewithenlighteningsuggestionsan dtimelyhelpwithgreatpatience．Withouttheirguidanceandsupport，itscompletionwouldbeimpossible．IshouldalsoexpressmysinceregratitudetoProfessorZhu Jiongqiang，ProfessorGaoFen，ProfessorWangLiyun，ProfessorChenGang，forthevariousinsightfullecturesandconstructiveinstructionstheyhavegivenme．IRITIespec iallygratefultomycolleaguesatZhejiangNormalUniversityWangWeixin，LiHuihuaandZhengLianzhong，fortheirvaluablesuggestionsandpainstakingcorrectionsonmyoutlineanddraft．Ialsowishtot hankXuQiuhongandHuangWeizhengwhohavesearchedand copiedimportantreferencematerialsfromBeijingand Shanghairespectively．4 TheCollapseoftheAmericanDreamRepresented inTheGreatGatsby OutlineThesisStatement:JayGatsbywasahighlysymbolismofthemostAmericanson1920swhonotonlywastryinghisbesttorealizetheir American Dreams but also experienced the collapse of the Dream in an era of unprecedented economic prosperityandmaterialexcess.I. IntroductionII. DefinitionofAmericanDreamsIII. RealizationandCollapseofGatsby’sAmericanDreamsinhisWhole Life A.TheDreamofBecomingaUsefulManinChildhood B. TheDreamofBecomingarichandUpper ‐classPersoninYouth C. TheDreamofLovingaCharmingGirlIV. OriginsofCollapseofAmericanDream A. IndividualReasons‐CorruptionofIndividualMoral B. SocialReasons 1. World War I Throwing the Young Men into an Age of AlienationandDissentient 2. EconomicBloomAffectingthePromisingMen 3. CorruptionofSocialMoral V. Conclusion 5 TheCollapseoftheAmericanDreamRepresented inTheGreatGatsbyI.Introduction F. Scott. Fitzgerald is famous American writer of The Lost Generationwhoisalsothespokesmanof“JazzAge’’.HismasterpieceTheGreatGatsbyfully revealed the realization and the collapse of American Dreamin1920s.thehistoryofAmericandreamcouldbedatedbackto17thcentury.Atthattimeeveryone believedthatifheworkedbyhisowncouragevigorandefforthewouldsucceednomatterwhohew as.TheherointhenovelofTheGreat Gatsby whose name was Gatsby experienced the realization andcollapse of his three dreams‐the dream of becoming a useful man inchildhood the dream of becoming a rich and upper class person and thedreamoflovingacharminggirl.ThefailureofGatsby’sdreamwasnotcausedbysinglefactor. OnGatsby’ssidehispursuitofultra‐highenjoymentofthematerial led to the collapse of his dreams however some factors in thesociety such as degrading morality excessive material and overemphasizedopportunist influenced him and eventually caused the collapse of hisAmericandreams.II.DefinitionofAmericanDreams Generally speaking American dream was in the bud when Columbusdiscovered the new continent of America. When Nick the narrator in thenovelreferredhistwolivingplaces‐WestEggvillageandEastEggvillagehemade a metaphor: “they are not perfect ovals‐like an egg in the Colu mbusstory they are both crushed flat at the contact end”1 In this sentence thewriterreferredColumbuswhowasasymbolismasthegreatestandthelastdream of human being was beginning to develop when he first stepped onthispromisingland. In17th century Western Europe was undergoing great changes. Thepuritan migrants passed across the Atlantic Ocean and finally reachedMaryland by May Flower. At that time American dream began to sprout.What impressed the world is the freedom that America could grantforeveryone.Thenewcontinentwasapromisinglandandifsomeoneworkedbyhisownbeliefco uragedeterminationandmoralrighteousnesshecouldachievegreatsuccess.Nomatterwhomyo uareandwhereveryouwerebornyou only need to devote yourself to hard working you will find the life’sbounty. The Ameri can dream promised the deepest and richest selffulfillment for those who would make the nature abilities. American dreamalso tellspeoplethat they shouldn’t give up easily and do your best. IntheAmerican history Benjamin Franklin was the fist one to embody theAmerican Dream in his work his works as the autobiography and PoorRichardsAlmanacadvocatedtheindividualdiligentandgavesomeadvicetoAmerican people to realize their American Dream. Another example wasAbraham Lincoln who was regarded as the greatest president inAmericanhistory.AbrahamLincolnwasborninKentuckyinahousewithonlyoneroom.Hisfami lywasoneofthepoorestfamiliesinthearea.Hehadworkedallhislife.WhenhewasayoungmanLi ncolnmadeextraordinaryeffortstoattainknowledge while working on a farm splitting rails for fences and keepingstoreatNewSalemIllinois.HewasacaptainintheBlackHawkWar spenteightyearsintheIllinoislegislatureandrodethecircuitofcourtsformanyyears. After somany years’ hard work he became the president of US andmade his American dream come true. This is the original meaning ofAmericanDream. HoweverasifAmericanDreambetweengoldenpastandgoldenfuturealways suffered from the realistic betrayal and crush—the realistic worldappearing in front of people was bleakness and dejection. With the 2development of the society and blooming economy American Dreamgradually faded its own color and excessive material and overemphasizedopportunist occupied the heart of the American people and thesedegeneratedthoughtsbegantoerodetheAmericanDream.Ⅲ.RealizationandCollapseofGatsbysAmericanDreamsinHisWholeLife GayGatsbywhowasaveryrichmanlivedinalavishmansion.EverySaturdaynighthewouldhold greatpartyinhishouse.AyoungmannamedNickCarawayrentingahouseintheWestEgginvolve dhimselfinthelifeofGatsbywhotoldNickthathefellinlovewithNickscousinDaisybeforetheW WI. Because he was very poor atthattime Daisy married Tom Buchananwho is a rich and arrogant man. However he was still in love with her. HepersuadedNicktobringhimandDaisytogetheragain.WiththehelpofNickhewasrekindlingt herelationshipwithDaisyandhetriedtoconvinceDaisytoleaveher husband Tom who in turnrevealedthat Gatsby has madehismoneybybootlegging.WhenDaisyhesitatedtochoosebetweenGatsbyandTom she was driving Gatsbys car unintentionally hitting and killing Tomsmistress Myrtle Wilson. Gatsby kept this secret to protect Daisy. Tom toldMyrtles husband Wilson that it was Gatsby who killed his wife. WilsonmurderedGatsbyandthencommittedsuicide.AtlastNickwastheonlyonewholefttoarra ngeGatsbysfuneral. Nick considered Gatsby as a great and magic person as he had everrealizedhisdreamsinhislife.Gatsbydiedintheageof32butinhisshortlifejourneyhehadexp eriencedtherealizationandcollapseofhisthreedreams.A.TheDreamofBecomingaUsefulMan inChildhood Gatsby was born in a poor family of centre‐western region. In thefuneralN ickencounteredGatsby’sfatherHenryC.Gatzwhowasproudof 3his son and saved a picture of his house. He also told Nick aboutGatsby’searlylifeshowinghimabookinwhichyoungGatsbyhadwrittenaschedulefor self‐improvement: “Rise from be 6.00 A.M Dumbbell exercise anda ll‐scaling 6.15‐6.30A.M Study electricity…..7.15‐8.15A .MWork8.30‐4.30P.MBaseballandsports4.30‐5.00P.M.Practiceelocutionpoiseandhow to attain it 5.00‐6.00P.M Study needed inventions7.00‐9.00P.M.” 2 Above‐mentioned show that on the last fly‐leaf of Hopolong CassidyGatsbywasrecordedhisdecisionandapieceofstricttimetableforworking.As everyone knows many famous people depended on the struggle bythemselvesandgotasuccessatlastandtheirstorieswhichmadeeveryonebelieve that each youth could become a useful and wealthy person in thefuture. If one person was loyal to their family and friends patient andindependent he would have the same opportunity as other persons to doanythingthatistosayitispossibleforhimcomingfromthepoorfamilytobecomearichandnobl epersonsoGatsbywasoneofthebelieversofit.Thedream was so magic with endless infinite power that encouragedGatsbystruggleforitbyhisalleffort.ItmadeanimplicationthatGatsbywouldmakea fortune rely on personal virtues diligence and frugality. In hischildhoodGatsbyusedtoabidebyFran klin’steachingandfollowhisowndreamatthebackgroun dof20‐centurysocietyinU.S.OversomanyyearsGatsbyalwayspersisted in it and observed it. In brief in Gatsby early age he presentedapositiveattitudetowardhislife.Ifhewasnotinfluencedbythesocietywhichwas immoral in 20th century he would realize his American dream andbecomeapromisingperson.B.TheDreamofBecomingaRichandUpper‐classPersoninYouth Even if his dream originated from American dream the essence ofGatsby’sdreamistheessenceofAmericandream.WithhisgrowingGatsby’sAmericanDrea m wentby an evolution whenhewas young. Hedreamed ofmaking a good fortune transcending common people and getting rid ofpoornessasmuchastheheroesdescribedbyBenFranklin. Hewasbornona4NorthDakotafarmwhowasnamedJamesGatsbyandheenteredcollegeatSt. Olaf in Minnesota. He dropped out after two weeks for he loathed thehard and laborious work In the age of seventeen he met Dan Cody whowas a pirate in the Superior Lake. And then he changed his name as GayGatsby and became an assistant of Dan Cody. Traveling with Cody to theBarbaryCoastandWestIndiesGatsbyfellinlovewithmoneyandluxury. Hishumiliationathavingtoworkasajanitoratthecollegecontrastedwiththepromisehemetwith DanCodywhorepresentedtheachievementsof everything that Gatsby wants. As Gatsby was aware of his poverty theyoung Gatsby developed a powerful obsession with amazing wealth andstatus. He changed his name which symbolized his desire to jettison hislower ‐class identity and recast himself as the wealthy man he imaged. Hebelieved that he could discard his past and his background completely；howeveritwasimpossible.Hislargefortunehadnotbeenobtainedhonestly.Gatsbydidbusiness withWolfsheim—agambler.Gatsbymadelotsofmoneyalso from distributing illegal alcohol and trading in stolen securities. Aftergetting money Gatsby got luxurious possessions. “He saw me looking withadmirationathiscarRollsRoyce…itwasrichcreamcolorbrightwithnickelswollenhereand thereinitsmonstrouslength…”3Fromthattimehebegantogetridofthehisearlyagedreamwhilet heAmericandreamhadbecomecollapsed. On his way to obtain wealthy he gradually lost his innocent anddiligent characters and sake everything onhisdreams notrealizingthathisdreams are unworthy of him. However he became fabulously wealthy andrealizedhismoneydream.C.TheDreamofLovingaCharmingGirl Though Gatsby always wanted to be rich his main motivation inacquiringhisfortunewashisloveforDaisyBuchananwhomhemetwhenhewas a young military officer in Louisville before leaving to fight inWWII.GatsbyimmediatelyfellinlovewithDaisyforherluxuryelegancyandcharm.HeliedtoDa isyabouthisbackgroundinordertoconvinceherthatafterwar5shewouldmarrywithhim.BecauseofhisliesDaisypromisedtowaitforhimwhen he was left for the war. But she married Tom Buchanan in 1919.However Gatsby still loved with her in Gatsby’s mind the only way shouldGatsbywinbackdaisyistogetalotofmoneybutitwasverydifficultforanormal soldier to earn. In order to win Daisy Gatsby dared to have illegaltrade of alcohol to make a fortune because he clearly knew that he mustofferDaisyabetterlifewhichwasluxuriantifhewantedtowinDaisy. InsomedegreeGatsby’slovetoDaisyreflectedhismemoryofthepast.Four years before he met her and then loved her. During the long timeGatsby remembered that Daisy wasfantastically like a miracle story in hismind an unforgettable event with wonderful experiences and afairymeadowinamysteriousVail.TogetbacktheloveofDaisyheneededmakealargeamountof moneyandraisehisownstatueandhealsomadehimselfnoble and elegant‐‐‐he studied in Oxford University. After doing whatmentioned before he made him become a famous people He had heldparties every weekend at his mansion. The party is almost unbelievablyluxurious he made friends who are famous. When Daisy went to his partyandexclaimedshenevermetsomanycelebrities Situated at the end of Daisy’s east egg dock an d barely visible fromGatsby’s west egg lawn the green light symbolized Gatsby’s hopesanddreamsforthefuture.ThegreenlightmeantthatGatsbyhadassociatedhisAmericandreamwi thhisformalloverDaisy. Nevertheless after five years when Gatsby met Daisy again themiracleDaisyhadlostheroriginalglory.ShelivedintheeasteggdistrictofLong Land. She had become superficial and cynical with unbelievablebehaviorinordertomaskherpainathishusband’sunmorally.Daisywasnotasperfe ctasGatsbyalwaysimaginingandinhismindDaisywasagoddess.HoweverinrealityDaisywasj ustGatsby’sidealpersonificationthatwasonlyabadlyworldlybeautywithagoodappearancean demptysoul.Shewastherepresentativeofmoneyworshipers.MaybeshelovedGatsbyoncebuth er6lovewasnotrealnotpersistentshewantedherlifeshapedimmediatelyandthedecisionmustbem adenotbythepoweroflovebutthepowerofmoneythat was the most real in her world. So naturally after he met Gatsby shewouldliketoloveGatsbyagainbecauseatthistimeGatsbywaswealthyandfamous. In such a situation she w.。
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美国英语的特色
1.美国英语的简介
美国英语（american english或u.s. english ,又称美式英语）是在美国使用的一种英语形式。
它在美国是最主要的语言。
美国英语规范了第一代英国英语british english ,是现代英语发展史上第二代英语美国英语和英国英语为第三代国际英语world english 的产生奠定了基础。
美国语言体现了美国社会特征，多样性体现多元的文化特征，俚语是美国英语生动的体现。
美国英语源于伊莉莎白时期的英语，其历史和美国的移民史有着非常密切的联系，美国移民史可以追述到300多年前。
美国英语是英国英语的一种区域语言变体，它起源于17~18世纪的英国英语。
从1607年英国人在美洲建立第一个殖民地——詹姆士城到1775年美国独立战争爆发为止，英国在北美地区先后建立了13个殖民地，同时英国殖民者也把莎士比亚(shakespeare)和弥尔顿(milton)的英语带到了美洲。
此时，人们通常称之为“北美英语”(english in north america)或殖民地英语(colonial english) 。
这种古老的语言在新的环境中吸收了印第安人的土语和其他欧洲移民的语言，在新大陆继续发展最终形成了一种成熟的语言混合体——美语。
2.美国英语的特色
美国英语也是英语，最早也来自英国。
所以，在谈美国英语的特色时，其中有一部分是相对于英国英语来说的，因为美国英语源于英国英语，只是在不断地发展和变化中产生了属于美国的独特
性。
简单地说，美国英语的特色可以分为五大类：第一，美国英语和英国英语在语音上有相当明显的差别，但拼写的差别则不是很大。
第二，美国英语在片语、用字方面和语法上与英国英语的差异。
第三，数字表达方面也存在差异。
第四，商务英语书信方面的差异。
第五，独特有趣的美国俚语。
2.1美国英语的语音特色
美国英语的语音和英国英语的语音是有差别的。
这一点，只要是经常看英文原声电影的人都会有所发现。
美国电影中人物的对白和英国电影中人物的对白是不一样的，他们也有口音之分，好比中国的山东与河南，虽然都讲汉语，但两种方言的语音却明显不同。
(1)元音
美国英语元音的发音中最具有特色的是[o]音：短音的o（如often），英语中发音仅仅为一个缩短了的长音o（如or），而美式的短音o听起来和英语的短音[/\]很像，同时长音o后面如果有r 都通常像上一段里说的那样儿化了，没有的话（如
plausible ,applause）就自动变成了一个短音的o的发音。
美语的发音最具代表性的是对er的发音的不同。
英语中，短音的er是如上所述的浑元音，但长音的er也不过是个拉长了的浑元音，听起来是一个很夸张的介于“俄”和”啊”的声音。
而美语中，er听起来怎么都是个”儿”音（例外是一些俗语中发成浑元音）。
ar：也是美国英语元音发音的一大特色。
英语的ar全部清一色
的长音[a:]，而美语中，是”阿尔”。
事实上，凡是有r在一个音节尾部的时候，美英发音通常都是不一样的，如tour(英：吐啊，美：吐儿)，tear(英：踢啊，美：踢儿)，pair（英：pe啊，美： pe 儿）。
另外对u，i和其他元音组合的浑元音化。
(2)辅音
美音最近具特色的辅音有以下两个：
r：字母r简直是代表了英美两国的所有差别，到处都是它。
在做辅音时，其实差别也就是当r在第一个词的词尾，而第二个词以元音开头，英语把r完全当作元音处理，而美语会把r连读当作后面一个词的开头元音的辅音，如词组clear animosity ,英语会读成clear animosity,而美语会读成clear-ranimosity。
另一个比较明显的区别是d和t。
在一部分非重读音节中(如paddle,rattle, actuality)，英语会清楚地发音这两个字母，但在美语中d和t常常会被模糊成一个很难解释的音，跟其它的语言比较，如果你知道西班牙语或者意大利语，它跟短弹音r很接近;如果你懂日语，那么らりるれろ行的辅音很像。
如果你都不知道，那么最接近的解释就是边音l了，但是差了那么一节。
还有一点，history, factory这些词，大家可能都发现o的发音（是一个浑元音）在很多音标标注中都是打了括号的。
在英国，英语受文言文的影响喜欢省略这个o，而在美国，这个o常常是发了音的。
2.2片语、用字方面
英语和美语中所用的词语不同，涉及到生活中许多细小方面。
再例如：在教育方面，英国人称之为public school的学校，在美国则叫prep school,指的是由私人赞助，多为富家子弟就读的私立学校，其目的是准备学生日后进入高等学府深造。
美国由政府出资兴办的public school在英国则称作council school,因为这类学校统归education committee of the county council管辖。
英国学校中的班级称作form,在美国学校中则叫grade或class。
英国大学中的男生被称作university men,在美国大学中则被叫做college boys。
英国大学中的教师叫staff,统称之为dons,而在美国大学中则叫faculty。
再如：人行道在英国叫pavement,在美国叫sidewalk。
英国人把钱包叫做purse或wallet，美国人则叫做pocketbook。
而英国叫做 pocketbook的记事本或备忘录，在美国则叫memorandum book。
吃饭时美国人称最后一道食品为
dessert(甜食)，英国则只把其中的水果叫dessert,其余的叫pudding。
英语和美语中对股份有限公司的说法也不一样，英国叫limited liability,写作ltd.,如matsushita electric trading. co. ltd.美语中则叫incorporated,写作inc.如tandem manufacturing inc.。
2.3美国英语在数字表达方面的特色
在日期方面，美英的表达方式具有特色。
以日为先，月份为后，此为英国式，美国式则与此相反。
如一九九六年三月二日的写法：
2nd march， 1996(英)march 2， 1996(美)。
在美式的写法中，1st， 2nd， 3rd的st， nd， rd是不使用的。
由于日期书面表达不同，读法也不一样。
如1987年4月20日，英式的写法是20th april， 1987，读成the twentieth of april，nineteen eighty-seven；美式的表达是april 20， 1987，则读成april the twentieth， nineteen eighty-seven。
同样，全部用数字表达日期时，英美也有差别。
1998年5月6日按照英国式应写成6/5/98，而按照美国式应写成5/6/98；01.08.1998是英国式的1998年8月1日，按照美国的表达方式却是1998年1月8日，美国的1998年8月1日应写成08，01，1998。
因此，全部使用数字来表示日期时，往往发生误解，在商务活动中必须谨慎使用。
在数字口头表达方面也别具特色，(175美元)美语读成one hundred seventy five dollars，常省略and；表达连续同样数字的号码时，如电话号码320112，美语读成three two zero one one two,999 234美语则读成nine nine nine two three four，不过美国人也把连续三个相同的号码读成three加上这个数字的复数形式，如999读成three nines。