标准电极电势表
电极电势表
备注 气体 (g) 水溶液 (aq) 注释 1 注 1 注 1 注 1 注 1 注 1 注 1 注 1
+2+
+
+
-
+ 2e = Mg
- -
-
Ce3 + 3e = Ce H 2(g) + 2e = 2H H + e = H(g) Sc
3+
+ -
注 2
-2.23 -2.107 -2.077 注 3
- + - - - - + - + - -
-
0.2476 0.268 0.308 0.337 0.354 0.3572
HAsO 2 .H2O
SO42 + 8H + 6e = S+4H 2 O
2 Ag 2 CrO 4+ 2e = 2Ag + CrO 4
+ - -
0.447 0.449 0.4647 0.521 0.5355
2+
+ 2e = Cr
+ - + -
H 3BO 3+ 3H + 3e = B + 3H 2O SiO2 + 4H + 4e = Si+2H2O SiO + 2H + 2e = Si+H2O Te + 2H + 2e = H2Te Zn 2 + 2e = Zn Cr 3 + 3e = Cr H2SeO3 + 4H + 4e = Se+3H2O As + 3H + 3e = AsH 3 H3PO2+ H + e = P+2H2O H 3PO3 + 2H + 2e = H 3PO 2+ H 2O
3 Fe + 3e = Fe 2S Ag 2 S+ 2H + 2e = 2Ag +H
+ - + - - - + -
+
-
-0.12 -0.063 -0.0405 -0.037 -0.0366 0.00 气体 (g)
标准电极电势表
标准电极电势表标准电极电势表,又称为标准还原电极电势表,是用于测量化学反应中电极对的电势的参考表。
它由国际电化学会(IUPAC)制定,用于比较不同电极对的电势大小。
标准电极电势是指在标准状态下,即温度为298K、气体为1标准大气压、物质浓度为1mol/L的情况下,电极对所具有的电势差。
标准电极电势表中,以氢电极为参考电极,将其电势定义为0V,其他电极对的电势相对于氢电极进行了测量。
标准电极电势表是按照电势从高到低排列的。
表中的电势值表示了不同物质的氧化还原能力,具有负值的电极对可以进行自发的氧化还原反应,而具有正值的电极对则不会进行自发的氧化还原反应。
标准电极电势表中常见的电极对包括:1. 氢电极(H^+ / H2):作为参考电极,其电势为0V。
2. 铂电极(Pt / Pt2+):作为惰性电极常常出现在其他电极对中。
3. 银电极(Ag+ / Ag):电势为0.7996V。
4. 铜电极(Cu2+ / Cu):电势为0.337V。
5. 铁电极(Fe2+ / Fe):电势为-0.440V。
6. 锌电极(Zn2+ / Zn):电势为-0.764V。
标准电极电势表可以用于计算化学反应的电动势。
根据标准电极电势表,当一个电极对的电势大于0时,反应是非自发的,需要提供外部电能才能进行。
当一个电极对的电势小于0时,反应是自发的,可以自发地进行。
标准电极电势表对于研究化学反应的方向性和电动势的计算非常重要。
它在化学工业生产、化学分析和电化学领域都有广泛的应用。
通过标准电极电势表,我们可以更好地了解化学反应的本质,并且对于电化学能量转化和储存等方面的研究也起到了重要的参考作用。
标准电极电势表
3十—
Al +3e =Al
AlF36+3e =Al+6F
CIO4+8H十+7e=1/2CI2+4冲0
AaO+61■十+6e—=2As+3HO
HAsO+3H++3e—=As+2H0
CIO4+8H++8e—=CI—+4H2O
HAsO+21■十+2e—=HAsO+2HO
CO+2e=Co
Au十+e—=Au
CcT+e一=C6+(2mol・L—1H2SO)
Au3++3 e—=Au
CQ+2H++2e—=HCOOH
AuCl4+3e=Au+ 4Cl
2+—
Cr+2e=Cr
Au3++2e—=Au+
3+—―2+
Cr+e=Cr
HBO+3H十+3e—=B+ 3f0
8
Cr3++3e—=Cr
HCIO+ H+2e=Cl+H2O
AgOO+2e=2Ag+C2o2
7
CIO2+H++e=HCIO
AgCl+e=Ag+Cl
HCIO+2H++2e一=HCIO+ HO
Ag CO3+2e「=2Ag+ CO2-
HCIQ+3H1+3e=1/2CI2+2H2O
标准电极电势表 -回复
标准电极电势表 -回复标准电极电势表是一种记录不同金属电极电势的表格。
标准电极电势表采用了氢电极作为参照标准,将氢电极的电势定义为0V。
标准电极电势表中,数值为正的电极表示容易氧化,具有较强还原性;数值为负的电极表示容易被还原,具有较强氧化性。
在标准电极电势表中,银-银离子电极的电势为0.8V,表示银离子容易还原成银。
标准电极电势表中,铜-铜离子电极的电势为0.34V,表示铜离子容易还原成铜。
标准电极电势表中,锡-锡离子电极的电势为-0.14V,表示锡离子容易被还原成锡。
标准电极电势表中,镍-镍离子电极的电势为-0.25V,表示镍离子容易被还原成镍。
容易被还原成铁。
标准电极电势表中,钠-钠离子电极的电势为-2.71V,表示钠离子容易被还原成钠。
标准电极电势表中,氢-氢离子电极的电势为0V,即定义为标准电极。
标准电极电势表中,锌-锌离子电极的电势为-0.76V,表示锌离子容易被还原成锌。
标准电极电势表中,铝-铝离子电极的电势为-1.66V,表示铝离子容易被还原成铝。
标准电极电势表中,铂-铂离子电极的电势为0.00V,表示铂离子很稳定,不容易还原或氧化。
标准电极电势表中,钾-钾离子电极的电势为-2.93V,表示钾离子容易还原成钾。
标准电极电势表中,氯气-氯离子电极的电势为1.36V,表示氯离子容易还原成氯气。
子容易还原成溴气。
标准电极电势表中,碘气-碘离子电极的电势为0.53V,表示碘离子容易还原成碘气。
标准电极电势表中,溶解态氧气-氧离子电极的电势为1.23V,表示氧离子容易还原成溶解态氧气。
标准电极电势表中,溶解态氢气-氢离子电极的电势为0.00V,表示溶解态氢气很稳定,不容易还原或氧化。
标准电极电势表中,钏离子-钏金属电极的电势为-0.25V,表示钏离子容易还原成钏金属。
标准电极电势表中,镍离子-镍金属电极的电势为-0.25V,表示镍离子容易还原成镍金属。
标准电极电势表中,锰离子-锰金属电极的电势为-1.18V,表示锰离子容易还原成锰金属。
标准电极电势表
S2O +2e-=2SO
Mn +e-=MO
Mn +4H++3e-=MnO2+2H2O
2H2SO3+H++2e-=H2SO4-+2H20
Mn +8H++5e-=Mn2++4H2O
H2SO3+4H++4e-=S+3H2O
MO3++3e-=MO
电极反应
E/V
Te4++4e-=Te
V3++e-=V2+
TeO2+4H++4e-=Te+2H2O
VO2++2H++e-=V3++H2O
Te +8H++7e-=Te+4H2O
VO +2H++e-=VO2++H2O
H6TeO6+2H++2e-=TeO2+4 H2O
V(OH) +2H++e-=VO2++3H2O
3
F2+2e-=2F-
Br2(l)+2e-=2Br-
Fe2++2e-=Fe
HBrO+H++2e-=Br-+H2O
Fe3++3e-=Fe
HBrO+H++e-=l/2Br2(aq)+H2O
Fe3++e-=Fe2+
HBrO+H++e-=l/2Br2(l)+H2O
[Fe(CN)6]3-+e-=[Fe(CN)6]4-
Sb2O5+6H++4e-=2SbO++3H2O
N2O4+2H++2e-=2HNO2
SbO++2H++3e-=Sb+H2O
N2O4+4H++4e-=2NO+2H2O
Sc3++3e-=Sc
2NO+2H++2e-=N2O+H2O
Se+2H++2e-=H2Se(aq)
HNO2+H++e-=NO+H2O
标准电极电势
标准电极电势表维基百科,自由的百科全书标准电极电势可以用来计算化学电池或原电池的电化学势或电极电势。
本表中所给出的电极电势以标准氢电极为参比电极,溶液中离子有效浓度为1mol/L,气体分压为100kPa,温度为298K,所有离子的数据都在水溶液中测得。
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]单击每栏上方的符号可将数据按元素符号或标准电极电势值排序。
注:(s) – 固体;(l) – 液体;(g) – 气体;(aq) – 水溶液;(Hg) – 汞齐。
Ba+ + e− Ba(s)−4.38[10][1][3] Sr+ + e− Sr(s)−4.10[11][1][3] Ca+ + e− Ca(s)−3.8[11][1][3] Pr3+ + e− Pr2+−3.1[11] N HN 3(aq)−3.09[6]Li+ + e− Li(s)−3.0401[5]N2(g) + 4 H2O + 2 e− 2 NH2OH(aq) + 2 OH−−3.04[6]Cs+ + e− Cs(s)−3.026[5]Ca(OH)2(s) + 2 e− Ca(s) + 2 OH−−3.02[11] Rb+ + e− Rb(s)−2.98[4]K+ + e− K(s)−2.931[5]Mg+ + e− Mg(s)−2.93[10] Ba2+ + 2 e− Ba(s)−2.912[5]La(OH)3(s) + 3 e− La(s) + 3OH−−2.90[5]Fr+ + e− Fr(s)−2.9[11]Sr2+ + 2 e− Sr(s)−2.899[5]Sr(OH)2(s) + 2 e− Sr(s) + 2 OH−−2.88[11] Ca2+ + 2 e− Ca(s)−2.868[5]Eu2+ + 2 e− Eu(s)−2.812[5]Ra2+ + 2 e− Ra(s)−2.8[5]Yb2+ + 2 e− Yb(s)−2.76[11][1] Na+ + e− Na(s)−2.71[5][9] Sm2+ + 2 e− Sm(s)−2.68[11][1] No2+ + 2 e− No(s)−2.50[11] HfO(OH)2(s) + H2O + 4 e− Hf(s) + 4 OH−−2.50[11]Th(OH)4(s) + 4 e− Th(s) + 4 OH−−2.48[11] Md2+ + 2 e− Md(s)−2.40[11]La + 3 e La(s)−2.379[5] Y3+ + 3 e− Y(s)−2.372[5] Mg2+ + 2 e− Mg(s)−2.372[5] ZrO(OH)2(s) + H2O + 4 e− Zr(s) + 4OH−−2.36[5] Pr3+ + 3 e− Pr(s)−2.353[11] Ce3+ + 3 e− Ce(s)−2.336[11] Er3+ + 3 e− Er(s)−2.331[11] Ho3+ + 3 e− Ho(s)−2.33[11] Al(OH)4− + 3 e− Al(s) + 4 OH−−2.33Al(OH)3(s) + 3 e− Al(s) + 3OH−−2.31Tb3+ + 3 e− Tb(s)−2.28H2(g) + 2 e− 2 H−−2.25Ac3+ + 3 e− Ac(s)−2.20Be+ + e− Be(s)−2.12[10] Cf2+ + 2 e− Cf(s)−2.12[11] Am3+ + 3 e− Am(s)−2.048[11] Cf3+ + 3 e− Cf(s)−1.94[11] Am2+ + 2 e− Am(s)−1.9[11] Be2+ + 2 e− Be(s)−1.85Rf4+ + 4 e− Rf(s)−1.67[12] U3+ + 3 e− U(s)−1.66[7] Al3+ + 3 e− Al(s)−1.66[9] Ti2+ + 2 e− Ti(s)−1.63[9] Bk2+ + 2 e− Bk(s)−1.6[11] ZrO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Zr(s) + 2 H2O−1.553[5] Hf4+ + 4 e− Hf(s)−1.55[11] Zr4+ + 4 e− Zr(s)−1.45[5]Ti + 3 e Ti(s)−1.37[13] TiO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ti(s) + H2O−1.31Ti2O3(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 TiO(s) + H2O−1.23Zn(OH)42− + 2 e− Zn(s) + 4 OH−−1.199[14] Mn2+ + 2 e− Mn(s)−1.185[14] Fe(CN)64− + 6 H+ + 2 e− Fe(s) + 4HCN(aq)−1.16[15] V2+ + 2 e− V(s)−1.175[2] Te(s) + 2 e− Te2−−1.143[2] Nb3+ + 3 e− Nb(s)−1.099Sn(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− SnH4(g)−1.07In(OH)3(s) + 3 e− In(s) + 3 OH−−0.99[11] SiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Si(s) + 2 H2O−0.91B(OH)3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− B(s) + 3 H2O−0.89Fe(OH)2(s) + 2 e− Fe(s) + 2 OH−−0.89[15] Fe2O3(s) + 3 H2O + 2 e− 2Fe(OH)2(s) + 2 OH−−0.86[15] TiO2+ + 2 H+ + 4 e− Ti(s) + H2O−0.862 H2O + 2 e− H2(g) + 2 OH−−0.8277[5] Bi(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e− BiH3−0.8[14] Zn2+ + 2 e− Zn(Hg)−0.7628[5] Zn2+ + 2 e− Zn(s)−0.7618[5] Ta2O5(s) + 10 H+ + 10 e− 2 Ta(s) + 5 H2O−0.75Cr3+ + 3 e− Cr(s)−0.74[Au(CN)2]− + e− Au(s) + 2 CN−−0.60Ta3+ + 3 e− Ta(s)−0.6PbO(s) + H2O + 2 e− Pb(s) + 2 OH−−0.582 TiO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ti2O3(s) + H2O−0.56Ga3+ + 3 e− Ga(s)−0.53U4+ + e− U3+−0.52[7] H3PO2(aq) + H+ + e− P(白磷[16]) + 2 H2O−0.508[5] H3PO3(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3PO2(aq) + H2O−0.499[5] H3PO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− P(红磷)[16] + 3H2O−0.454[5] Fe2+ + 2 e− Fe(s)−0.44[9] 2 CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HOOCCOOH(aq)−0.43Cr3+ + e− Cr2+−0.42Cd2+ + 2 e− Cd(s)−0.40[9] SeO32− + 4e− + 3H2O ⇌ Se + 6OH−−0.37[17] GeO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− GeO(s) + H2O−0.37Cu2O(s) + H2O + 2 e− 2 Cu(s) + 2 OH−−0.360[5] PbSO4(s) + 2 e− Pb(s) + SO42−−0.3588[5] PbSO4(s) + 2 e− Pb(Hg) + SO42−−0.3505[5] Eu3+ + e− Eu2+−0.35[7] In3+ + 3 e− In(s)−0.34[2] Tl+ + e− Tl(s)−0.34[2] Ge(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− GeH4(g)−0.29Co2+ + 2 e− Co(s)−0.28[5] H3PO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3PO3(aq) + H2O−0.276[5] V3+ + e− V2+−0.26[9] Ni2+ + 2 e− Ni(s)−0.25As(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e− AsH3(g)−0.23[2] AgI(s) + e− Ag(s) + I−−0.15224[14] MoO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Mo(s) + 2 H2O−0.15Si(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− SiH4(g)−0.14Sn2+ + 2 e− Sn(s)−0.13O2(g) + H+ + e− HO2•(aq)−0.13Pb2+ + 2 e− Pb(s)−0.13[9] WO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− W(s) + 2 H2O−0.12P(红磷) + 3 H+ + 3 e− PH3(g)−0.111[5] CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HCOOH(aq)−0.11Se(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H2Se(g)−0.11CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CO(g) + H2O−0.11SnO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Sn(s) + H2O−0.10SnO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− SnO(s) + H2O−0.09WO3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e− W(s) + 3 H2O−0.09[2] P(白磷) + 3 H+ + 3 e− PH3(g)−0.063[5] Fe3+ + 3 e− Fe(s)−0.04[15] HCOOH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HCHO(aq) + H2O−0.032 H+ + 2 e− H2(g) 0.00≡ 0 AgBr(s) + e− Ag(s) + Br−+0.07133[14] S4O62− + 2 e− 2 S2O32−+0.08Fe3O4(s) + 8 H+ + 8 e− 3 Fe(s) + 4 H2O+0.085[8] N2(g) + 2 H2O + 6H+ + 6 e− 2 NH4OH(aq)+0.092HgO(s) + H2O + 2 e− Hg(l) + 2 OH−+0.0977Cu(NH3)42+ + e− Cu(NH3)2+ + 2 NH3+0.10[2] Ru(NH3)63+ + e− Ru(NH3)62++0.10[7] N2H4(aq) + 4 H2O + 2 e− 2 NH4+ + 4 OH−+0.11[6] H2MoO4(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e− Mo(s) + 4 H2O+0.11Ge4+ + 4 e− Ge(s)+0.12C(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− CH4(g)+0.13[2] HCHO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CH3OH(aq)+0.13S(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H2S(g)+0.14Sn4+ + 2 e− Sn2++0.15Cu2+ + e− Cu++0.159[2] HSO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− SO2(aq) + 2 H2O+0.16UO22+ + e− UO2++0.163[7] SO42− + 4 H+ + 2 e− SO2(aq) + 2 H2O+0.17TiO2+ + 2 H+ + e− Ti3+ + H2O+0.19Bi3+ + 2e− Bi++0.2SbO+ + 2 H+ + 3 e− Sb(s) + H2O+0.20AgCl(s) + e− Ag(s) + Cl−+0.22233[14] H3AsO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− As(s) + 3 H2O+0.24GeO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ge(s) + H2O+0.26UO2+ + 4 H+ + e− U4+ + 2 H2O+0.273[7] At2 + e− 2 At-+0.3[11] Re3+ + 3 e− Re(s)+0.300Bi3+ + 3 e− Bi(s)+0.32VO2+ + 2 H+ + e− V3+ + H2O+0.34Cu2+ + 2 e− Cu(s)+0.340[2] [Fe(CN)6]3− + e− [Fe(CN)6]4−+0.36Tc2+ + 2 e− Tc(s)+0.40[11] O2(g) + 2 H2O + 4 e− 4 OH−(aq)+0.40[9] H2MoO4 + 6 H+ + 3 e− Mo3+ + 2 H2O+0.43Ru2+ + 2 e− Ru(s)+0.455[11] Bi+ + e− Bi(s)+0.50CH3OH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CH4(g) + H2O+0.50SO2(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e− S(s) + 2 H2O+0.50Cu+ + e− Cu(s)+0.520[2] CO(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− C(s) + H2O+0.52I3− + 2 e− 3 I−+0.53[9] I2(s) + 2 e− 2 I−+0.54[9] [AuI4]− + 3 e− Au(s) + 4 I−+0.56H3AsO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3AsO3(aq) + H2O+0.56[AuI2]− + e− Au(s) + 2 I−+0.58MnO4− + 2 H2O + 3 e− MnO2(s) + 4 OH−+0.59Rh+ + e− Rh(s)+0.600[11] S2O32 − + 6 H+ + 4 e− 2 S(s) + 3 H2O+0.60Fc+ + e− Fc(s)+0.641[18]Ag + −+0.643[11]H2MoO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− MoO2(s) + 2 H2O+0.65+ 2 H+ + 2 e−H2O2(aq)+0.70Tl3+ + 3 e− Tl(s)+0.72PtCl62− + 2 e− PtCl42− + 2 Cl−+0.726[7] H2SeO3(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Se(s) + 3 H2O+0.74Rh3+ + 3 e− Rh(s)+0.758[11] PtCl42− + 2 e− Pt(s) + 4 Cl−+0.758[7] Fe3+ + e− Fe2++0.77Ag+ + e− Ag(s)+0.7996[5] Hg22+ + 2 e− 2 Hg(l)+0.80NO3−(aq) + 2 H+ + e− NO2(g) + H2O+0.80FeO42− + 5 H2O + 6 e− Fe2O3(s) + 10 OH−+0.81[15] H2(g) + 2 OH− 2 H2O + 2 e−+0.828[19] [AuBr4]− + 3 e− Au(s) + 4 Br−+0.85Hg2+ + 2 e− Hg(l)+0.85MnO4− + H+ + e− HMnO4−+0.902 Hg2+ + 2 e− Hg22++0.91[2] Pd2+ + 2 e− Pd(s)+0.915[7] [AuCl4]− + 3 e− Au(s) + 4 Cl−+0.93MnO2(s) + 4 H+ + e− Mn3+ + 2 H2O+0.95[AuBr2]− + e− Au(s) + 2 Br−+0.96 [HXeO6]3− + 2 H2O + 2 e− + [HXeO4]− + 4 OH−+0.99[20] HNO2 + H+ + e- = NO(g) + H2O+0.996H6TeO6(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− TeO2(s) + 4 H2O+1.02[21] Br2(l) + 2 e− 2 Br−+1.07Br2(aq) + 2 e− 2 Br−+1.09[9] NO2(g) + H+ + e- = HNO2+1.093IO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e− HIO(aq) + 2 H2O+1.13[AuCl2]− + e− Au(s) + 2 Cl−+1.15HSeO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− H2SeO3(aq) + H2O+1.15Ir3+ + 3 e− Ir(s)+1.156[11] Ag2O(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 Ag(s) + H2O+1.17ClO3− + 2 H+ + e− ClO2(g) + H2O+1.18 [HXeO6]3− + 5 H2O + 8 e− Xe(g) + 11 OH−+1.18[20] Pt2+ + 2 e− Pt(s)+1.188[7] ClO2(g) + H+ + e− HClO2(aq)+1.192 IO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− I2(s) + 6 H2O+1.20ClO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e− ClO3− + H2O+1.20O2(g) + 4 H+ + 4 e− 2 H2O+1.229[9] MnO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Mn2+ + 2H2O+1.23 [HXeO4]− + 3 H2O + 6 e− Xe(g) + 7 OH−+1.24[20]Tl3+ + 2 e− Tl++1.25Cr2O72 − + 14 H+ + 6 e− 2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O+1.33Cl2(g) + 2 e− 2 Cl−+1.36[9] CoO2(s) + 4 H+ + e− Co3+ + 2 H2O+1.422 NH3OH+ + H+ + 2 e− N2H5+ + 2 H2O+1.42[6] 2 HIO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− I2(s) + 2 H2O+1.44Ce4+ + e− Ce3++1.44BrO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e− HBrO(aq) + 2 H2O+1.45β-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Pb2+ + 2 H2O+1.460[2]α-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Pb2+ + 2 H2O+1.468[2] 2 BrO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− Br2(l) + 6 H2O+1.482ClO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− Cl2(g) + 6 H2O+1.49HO2 + H+ + e− H2O2+1.495[11] MnO4− + 8 H+ + 5 e− Mn2+ + 4 H2O+1.51HO2• + H+ + e− H2O2(aq)+1.51Au3+ + 3 e− Au(s)+1.52NiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Ni2+ + 2 OH−+1.592 HClO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Cl2(g) + 2 H2O+1.63Ag2O3(s) + 6 H+ + 4 e− 2 Ag+ + 3 H2O+1.67HClO2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HClO(aq) + H2O+1.67Pb4+ + 2 e− Pb2++1.69[2] MnO4− + 4 H+ + 3 e− MnO2(s) + 2 H2O+1.70AgO(s) + 2 H+ + e− Ag+ + H2O+1.77 H2O2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 H2O+1.776Co3+ + e− Co2++1.82Au+ + e− Au(s)+1.83[2] BrO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e− BrO3− + H2O+1.85半反应E° (V)[注 1]来源Ag2+ + e− Ag++1.98[2]S2O82− + 2 e− 2 SO42−+2.07O3(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− O2(g) + H2O+2.075[7]HMnO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− MnO2(s) + 2 H2O+2.09XeO3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e− Xe(g) + 3 H2O+2.12[20]H4XeO6(aq) + 8 H+ + 8 e− Xe(g) + 6 H2O+2.18[20]FeO42− + 3 e− + 8 H+ Fe3+ + 4 H2O+2.20[22]XeF2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Xe(g) + 2HF(aq)+2.32[20]H4XeO6(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− XeO3(aq) + H2O+2.42[20]F2(g) + 2 e− 2 F−+2.87[2][9]F2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 HF(aq)+3.05[2]Tb4+ + e− Tb3++3.05[11]1.^ Clicking on this column to re-sort by potential didn’t work in the Safari webbrowser in v. 4.0.3 or earlier (but works in v. 4.0.5). In this case just reload the page to restore the original order.参考资料1.^ 1.01.11.21.31.41.5 Milazzo, G., Caroli, S., and Sharma, V. K. (1978). Tables ofStandard Electrode Potentials (Wiley, Chichester).2.^ 2.002.012.022.032.042.052.062.072.082.092.102.112.122.132.142.152.162.172.182.19 Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J. (1985). Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions (Marcel Dekker, New York).3.^ 3.03.13.23.3 Bratsch, S. G. (1989). Journal of Physical Chemistry Reference DataVol. 18, pp. 1–21.4.^ 4.04.1 Vanýsek, Petr (2006). "Electrochemical Series," in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 87th Edition (/) (Chemical RubberCompany).^ 5.005.015.025.035.045.055.065.075.085.095.105.115.125.135.145.155.165.175.185.195.205.215.22 5.5.235.245.255.265.275.285.295.30 Vanýsek, Petr (2007). “Electrochemical Series”(/articles/08_08_88.pdf) , in Handbook of Chemistryand Physics: 88th Edition (/) (Chemical RubberCompany).6.^ 6.06.16.26.36.4 Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A.. Chemistry of the Elements. 2ndEdition. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN0-7506-3365-4.^ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R.(2001). Electrochemical Methods. Fundamentals and Applications , 2nd edition (John Wiley and Sons Inc).7.^ 8.0 8.1 Marcel Pourbaix (1966). Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions (NACE International, Houston, Texas; Cebelcor, Brussels).8.^ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 Peter Atkins (1997). Physical Chemistry , 6th edition (W.H. Freeman and Company, New York).9.^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Ca Sr Ba 一价[11]与两价间的标准电极电势正好有规律关系,因此可以估计近似值10.^ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.20 11.21 11.22 11.23 11.24 11.25 11.26 11.27 11.28 11.29 11.30 11.31 Standard Redox Potential Table (/time-to-wake-up/docs/electrochemical_redox_potential)11.^ Ti Zr Hf 的标准电极电势变化较规律,因此可估计Rf 的标准电极电势12.^ Gordon Aylward & Tristan Findlay (2008). "SI Chemical Data", 6th edition (John Wiley & Sons, Australia), ISBN 9780470816387.13.^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 Vanýsek, Petr (2007). “Electrochemical Series”, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 88th Edition (Chemical Rubber Company).14.^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Iron | compounds information (/iron/compounds.html)15.^ 16.0 16.1 由−0.454和(2×−0.499 + −0.508) ÷ 3 = −0.502推算出。
标准电极电势表非常全-nb的电极电势
标准电极电势表非常全-nb的电极电势标准电极电势表非常全 nb 的电极电势在化学的世界里,标准电极电势表是一个极其重要的工具,它就像是一张地图,指引着我们在电化学的领域中探索和前行。
今天,咱们就来深入聊聊这张神秘而又实用的“地图”——标准电极电势表,特别是其中那些令人瞩目的“nb 的电极电势”。
首先,咱们得搞清楚啥是标准电极电势。
简单来说,标准电极电势就是在标准状态下(通常是指温度为 29815K,压强为 100kPa,溶液中各物质的浓度为 1mol/L),某一电极与标准氢电极组成原电池时所测得的电势差。
这个概念听起来可能有点复杂,但其实就是用来衡量一个电极在特定条件下得失电子的能力。
那标准电极电势表有啥用呢?这用处可大了去了!它可以帮助我们判断氧化还原反应进行的方向和限度。
比如说,如果一个氧化还原反应中,氧化剂的标准电极电势大于还原剂的标准电极电势,那么这个反应就能自发进行。
而且,通过标准电极电势表,我们还能计算出电池的电动势,从而了解电池的性能和能量转化效率。
接下来,咱们重点聊聊那些“nb 的电极电势”。
在标准电极电势表中,有一些电极电势的值特别突出,具有重要的意义。
比如说,氟气和氟离子组成的电极,其标准电极电势高达 287V,这意味着氟气具有极强的氧化性,是一种非常强大的氧化剂。
再比如,锂金属和锂离子组成的电极,其标准电极电势为-304V,这表明锂在电池领域有着独特的地位,因为它具有很低的电极电势,能够提供较高的电压。
这些“nb 的电极电势”在实际应用中发挥着关键作用。
以锂为例,由于其低电极电势的特性,锂离子电池在现代电子设备和电动汽车中得到了广泛的应用。
锂离子电池能够提供高能量密度,使得我们的手机、笔记本电脑等设备能够长时间运行,电动汽车也能够行驶更远的距离。
而氟气的强氧化性则在化学合成和工业生产中有重要用途。
它可以用于制备一些难以通过其他方法得到的化合物,提高生产效率和产品质量。
标准电极电势表中的数据并不是一成不变的。
标准电极电势表
标准电极电势表标准电极电势表目录[隐藏]电极电势的产生—双电层理论定义公式电极电势内容标准电极电势表[编辑本段]电极电势的产生—双电层理论德国化学家能斯特(H.W.Nernst)提出了双电层理论(electron double layer th eory)解释电极电势的产生的原因。
当金属放入溶液中时,一方面金属晶体中处于热运动的金属离子在极性水分子的作用下,离开金属表面进入溶液。
金属性质越活泼,这种趋势就越大;另一方面溶液中的金属离子,由于受到金属表面电子的吸引,而在金属表面沉积,溶液中金属离子的浓度越大,这种趋势也越大。
在一定浓度的溶液中达到平衡后,在金属和溶液两相界面上形成了一个带相反电荷的双电层(e lectron double layer),双电层的厚度虽然很小(约为10-8厘米数量级), 但却在金属和溶液之间产生了电势差。
通常人们就把产生在金属和盐溶液之间的双电层间的电势差称为金属的电极电势(electrode potential),并以此描述电极得失电子能力的相对强弱。
电极电势以符号E Mn+/ M表示, 单位为V(伏)。
如锌的电极电势以EZn2+/ Zn 表示, 铜的电极电势以ECu2+/Cu 表示。
电极电势的大小主要取决于电极的本性,并受温度、介质和离子浓度等因素的影响。
[编辑本段]定义标准电极电势是可逆电极在标准状态及平衡态时的电势,也就是标准态时的电极电势.标准电极电势有很大的实用价值,可用来判断氧化剂与还原剂的相对强弱,判断氧化还原反应的进行方向,计算原电池的电动势、反应自由能、平衡常数,计算其他半反应的标准电极电势,等等。
将半反应按电极电势由低到高排序,可以得到标准电极电势表,可十分简明地判断氧还反应的方向.[编辑本段]公式任何温度下标准氢电极的标准电极电势值都为0,但其他电极电势值会受到温度影响。
以Ni/NiO电极为例,它可以用作高温伪参比电极,在0-400°C时的电极电势大致符合以下公式:E°(T)=-0.0003T+0.1414 ,T为温度[编辑本段]电极电势内容1 在酸性溶液中(298K)电对方程式Eq/VLi(I)-(0) Li++e-=Li -3.0401Cs(I)-(0) Cs++e-=Cs -3.026Rb(I)-(0) Rb++e-=Rb -2.98K(I)-(0) K++e-=K -2.931Ba(II)-(0) Ba2++2e-=Ba -2.912Sr(II)-(0) Sr2++2e-=Sr -2.89Ca(II)-(0) Ca2++2e-=Ca -2.868Na(I)-(0) Na++e-=Na -2.71La(III)-(0) La3++3e-=La -2.379Mg(II)-(0) Mg2++2e-=Mg -2.37 2Ce(III)-(0) Ce3++3e-=Ce -2.336H(0)-(-I) H2(g)+2e-=2H--2.23Al(III)-(0) AlF63-+3e-=Al+6F--2.069Th(IV)-(0) Th4++4e-=Th -1.899Be(II)-(0) Be2++2e-=Be -1.847U(III)-(0) U3++3e-=U -1.798Hf(IV)-(0) HfO2++2H++4e-=Hf +H2O -1.724Al(III)-(0) Al3++3e-=Al -1.662Ti(II)-(0) Ti2++2e-=Ti -1.630Zr(IV)-(0) ZrO2+4H++4e-=Zr+2 H2O -1.553Si(IV)-(0) [SiF6]2-+4e-=Si+6F--1.24Mn(II)-(0) Mn2++2e-=Mn -1.18 5Cr(II)-(0) Cr2++2e-=Cr -0.913Ti(III)-(II) Ti3++e-=Ti2+-0.9B(III)-(0) H3BO3+3H++3e-=B+3H2O -0.8698*Ti(IV)-(0) TiO2+4H++4e-=Ti+2 H2O -0.86Te(0)-(-II) Te+2H++2e-=H2Te -0.793Zn(II)-(0) Zn2++2e-=Zn -0.7618Ta(V)-(0) Ta2O5+10H++10e-=2T a+5H2O -0.750Cr(III)-(0) Cr3++3e-=Cr -0.744Nb(V)-(0) Nb2O5+l0H++10e-=2 Nb+5H2O -0.644As(0)-(-III) As+3H++3e-=AsH3-0.608U(IV)-(III) U4++e-=U3+-0.607Ga(III)-(0) Ga3++3e-=Ga -0.54 9P(I)-(0) H3PO2+H++e-=P+2H2 O -0.508P(III)-(I) H3PO3+2H++2e-=H3P O2+H2O -0.499*C(IV)-(III) 2CO2+2H++2e-=H2C 2O4 -0.49Fe(II)-(0) Fe2++2e-=Fe -0.447Cr(III)-(II) Cr3++e-=Cr2+-0.40 7Cd(II)-(0) Cd2++2e-=Cd -0.403 0Se(0)-(-II) Se+2H++2e-=H2Se (aq) -0.399Pb(II)-(0) PbI2+2e-=Pb+2I--0. 365Eu(III)-(II) Eu3++e-=Eu2+-0.3 6Pb(II)-(0) PbSO4+2e-=Pb+SO42--0.3588In(III)-(0) In3++3e-=In -0.3382Tl(I)-(0) Tl++e-=Tl -0.336Co(II)-(0) Co2++2e-=Co -0.28P(V)-(III) H3PO4+2H++2e-=H3P O3+H2O -0.276Pb(II)-(0) PbCl2+2e-=Pb+2Cl--0.2675Ni (II)-(0) Ni2++2e-=Ni -0.257V(III)-(II) V3++e-=V2+-0.255Ge(IV)-(0) H2GeO3+4H++4e-=G e+3H2O -0.182Ag(I)-(0) AgI+e-=Ag+I--0.152 24Sn(II)-(0) Sn2++2e-=Sn -0.137 5Pb(II)-(0) Pb2++2e-=Pb -0.126 2*C(IV)-(II) CO2(g)+2H++2e-=CO +H2O -0.12P(0)-(-III) P(white)+3H++3e-=P H3(g) -0.063Hg(I)-(0) Hg2I2+2e-=2Hg+2I--0.0405Fe(III)-(0) Fe3++3e-=Fe -0.037H(I)-(0) 2H++2e-=H2 0.0000Ag(I)-(0) AgBr+e-=Ag+Br-0.07 133S(II.V)-(II) S4O62-+2e-=2S2O32-0.08*Ti(IV)-(III) TiO2++2H++e-=Ti3++H2O 0.1S(0)-(-II) S+2H++2e-=H2S(aq) 0.142Sn(IV)-(II) Sn4++2e-=Sn2+0.15 1Sb(III)-(0) Sb2O3+6H++6e-=2Sb +3H2O 0.152Cu(II)-(I) Cu2++e-=Cu+0.153Bi(III)-(0) BiOCl+2H++3e-=Bi+Cl-+H2O 0.1583S(VI)-(IV) SO42-+4H++2e-=H2 SO3+H2O 0.172Sb(III)-(0) SbO++2H++3e-=Sb +H2O 0.212Ag(I)-(0) AgCl+e-=Ag+Cl-0.22 233As(III)-(0) HAsO2+3H++3e-=As +2H2O 0.248Hg(I)-(0) Hg2Cl2+2e-=2Hg+2Cl -(饱和KCl) 0.26808Bi(III)-(0) BiO++2H++3e-=Bi+H2O 0.320U(VI)-(IV) UO22++4H++2e-=U4++2H2O 0.327C(IV)-(III) 2HCNO+2H++2e-=(C N)2+2H2O 0.330V(IV)-(III) VO2++2H++e-=V3++H2O 0.337Cu(II)-(0) Cu2++2e-=Cu 0.3419Re(VII)-(0) ReO4-+8H++7e-=R e+4H2O 0.368Ag(I)-(0) Ag2CrO4+2e-=2Ag+Cr O42-0.4470S(IV)-(0) H2SO3+4H++4e-=S+3 H2O 0.449Cu(I)-(0) Cu++e-=Cu 0.521I(0)-(-I) I2+2e-=2I-0.5355I(0)-(-I) I3-+2e-=3I-0.536As(V)-(III) H3AsO4+2H++2e-=H AsO2+2H2O 0.560Sb(V)-(III) Sb2O5+6H++4e-=2S bO++3H2O 0.581Te(IV)-(0) TeO2+4H++4e-=Te+2H2O 0.593U(V)-(IV) UO2++4H++e-=U4++2H2O 0.612**Hg(II)-(I) 2HgCl2+2e-=Hg2Cl2+2Cl-0.63Pt(IV)-(II) [PtCl6]2-+2e-=[PtCl4] 2-+2Cl-0.68O(0)-(-I) O2+2H++2e-=H2O2 0. 695Pt(II)-(0) [PtCl4]2-+2e-=Pt+4Cl -0.755*Se(IV)-(0) H2SeO3+4H++4e-=S e+3H2O 0.74Fe(III)-(II) Fe3++e-=Fe2+0.771Hg(I)-(0) Hg22++2e-=2Hg 0.797 3Ag(I)-(0) Ag++e-=Ag 0.7996Os(VIII)-(0) OsO4+8H++8e-=Os +4H2O 0.8N(V)-(IV) 2NO3-+4H++2e-=N2 O4+2H2O 0.803Hg(II)-(0) Hg2++2e-=Hg 0.851Si(IV)-(0) (quartz)SiO2+4H++4e-=Si+2H2O 0.857Cu(II)-(I) Cu2++I-+e-=CuI 0.86N(III)-(I) 2HNO2+4H++4e-=H2N 2O2+2H2O 0.86Hg(II)-(I) 2Hg2++2e-=Hg22+0. 920N(V)-(III) NO3-+3H++2e-=HNO 2+H2O 0.934Pd(II)-(0) Pd2++2e-=Pd 0.951N(V)-(II) NO3-+4H++3e-=NO+2H2O 0.957N(III)-(II) HNO2+H++e-=NO+H2 O 0.983I(I)-(-I) HIO+H++2e-=I-+H2O 0.987V(V)-(IV) VO2++2H++e-=VO2++H2O 0.991V(V)-(IV) V(OH)4++2H++e-=VO 2++3H2O 1.00Au(III)-(0) [AuCl4]-+3e-=Au+4C l- 1.002Te(VI)-(IV) H6TeO6+2H++2e-=T eO2+4H2O 1.02N(IV)-(II) N2O4+4H++4e-=2NO +2H2O 1.035N(IV)-(III) N2O4+2H++2e-=2HN O2 1.065I(V)-(-I) IO3-+6H++6e-=I-+3H2O 1.085Br(0)-(-I) Br2(aq)+2e-=2Br- 1. 0873Se(VI)-(IV) SeO42-+4H++2e-=H2SeO3+H2O 1.151Cl(V)-(IV) ClO3-+2H++e-=ClO 2+H2O 1.152Pt(II)-(0) Pt2++2e-=Pt 1.18Cl(VII)-(V) ClO4-+2H++2e-=Cl O3-+H2O 1.189I(V)-(0) 2IO3-+12H++10e-=I2+6H2O 1.195Cl(V)-(III) ClO3-+3H++2e-=HCl O2+H2O 1.214Mn(IV)-(II) MnO2+4H++2e-=Mn2++2H2O 1.224O(0)-(-II) O2+4H++4e-=2H2O 1.229Tl(III)-(I) T13++2e-=Tl+ 1.252Cl(IV)-(III) ClO2+H++e-=HClO2 1.277+3H2O 1.297**Cr(VI)-(III) Cr2O72-+14H++6e -=2Cr3++7H2O 1.33Br(I)-(-I) HBrO+H++2e-=Br-+H2O 1.331Cr(VI)-(III) HCrO4-+7H++3e-=Cr3++4H2O 1.350Cl(0)-(-I) Cl2(g)+2e-=2Cl- 1.35 827Cl(VII)-(-I) ClO4-+8H++8e-=C l-+4H2O 1.389Cl(VII)-(0) ClO4-+8H++7e-=1/2 Cl2+4H2O 1.39Au(III)-(I) Au3++2e-=Au+ 1.401Br(V)-(-I) BrO3-+6H++6e-=Br -+3H2O 1.423I(I)-(0) 2HIO+2H++2e-=I2+2H2 O 1.439Cl(V)-(-I) ClO3-+6H++6e-=Cl -+3H2O 1.451++2H2O 1.455Cl(V)-(0) ClO3-+6H++5e-=1/2C l2+3H2O 1.47Cl(I)-(-I) HClO+H++2e-=Cl-+H2O 1.482Br(V)-(0) BrO3-+6H++5e-=l/2B r2+3H2O 1.482Au(III)-(0) Au3++3e-=Au 1.498Mn(VII)-(II) MnO4-+8H++5e-=Mn2++4H2O 1.507Mn(III)-(II) Mn3++e-=Mn2+ 1.54 15Cl(III)-(-I) HClO2+3H++4e-=Cl -+2H2O 1.570Br(I)-(0) HBrO+H++e-=l/2Br2(a q)+H2O 1.574N(II)-(I) 2NO+2H++2e-=N2O+H 2O 1.591I(VII)-(V) H5IO6+H++2e-=IO3-+3H2O 1.601Cl(I)-(0) HClO+H++e-=1/2Cl2+H2O 1.611Cl(III)-(I) HClO2+2H++2e-=HClO +H2O 1.645Ni(IV)-(II) NiO2+4H++2e-=Ni2++2H2O 1.678Mn(VII)-(IV) MnO4-+4H++3e-=MnO2+2H2O 1.679Pb(IV)-(II) PbO2+SO42-+4H++2 e-=PbSO4+2H2O 1.6913Au(I)-(0) Au++e-=Au 1.692Ce(IV)-(III) Ce4++e-=Ce3+ 1.72N(I)-(0) N2O+2H++2e-=N2+H2 O 1.766O(-I)-(-II) H2O2+2H++2e-=2H 2O 1.776Co(III)-(II) Co3++e-=Co2+(2mo l·L-1 H2SO4) 1.83Ag(II)-(I) Ag2++e-=Ag+ 1.980S(VII)-(VI) S2O82-+2e-=2SO42- 2.010O(0)-(-II) O3+2H++2e-=O2+H 2O 2.076O(II)-(-II) F2O+2H++4e-=H2O +2F- 2.153Fe(VI)-(III) FeO42-+8H++3e-=F e3++4H2O 2.20O(0)-(-II) O(g)+2H++2e-=H2O 2.421F(0)-(-I) F2+2e-=2F- 2.866F2+2H++2e-=2HF 3.0532 在碱性溶液中(298K)电对方程式Eq/VCa(II)-(0) Ca(OH)2+2e-=Ca+2OH --3.02Ba(II)-(0) Ba(OH)2+2e-=Ba+2OH --2.99La(III)-(0) La(OH)3+3e-=La+3OH --2.90Sr(II)-(0) Sr(OH)2·8H2O+2e-=Sr+2OH-+8H2O -2.88Mg(II)-(0) Mg(OH)2+2e-=Mg+2O H--2.690Be(II)-(0) Be2O32-+3H2O+4e-=2Be+6OH--2.63Hf(IV)-(0) HfO(OH)2+H2O+4e-=H f+4OH--2.50Zr(IV)-(0) H2ZrO3+H2O+4e-=Zr +4OH--2.36Al(III)-(0) H2AlO3-+H2O+3e-=A l+OH--2.33P(I)-(0) H2PO2-+e-=P+2OH--1.82B(III)-(0) H2BO3-+H2O+3e-=B +4OH--1.79P(III)-(0) HPO32-+2H2O+3e-=P +5OH--1.71Si(IV)-(0) SiO32-+3H2O+4e-=Si +6OH--1.697P(III)-(I) HPO32-+2H2O+2e-=H2 PO2-+3OH--1.65Mn(II)-(0) Mn(OH)2+2e-=Mn+2O H--1.56Cr(III)-(0) Cr(OH)3+3e-=Cr+3OH --1.48*Zn(II)-(0) [Zn(CN)4]2-+2e-=Zn +4CN--1.26Zn(II)-(0) Zn(OH)2+2e-=Zn+2OH --1.249Ga(III)-(0) H2GaO3-+H2O+2e-=Ga+4OH--1.219Zn(II)-(0) ZnO22-+2H2O+2e-=Z n+4OH--1.215Cr(III)-(0) CrO2-+2H2O+3e-=Cr +4OH--1.2Te(0)-(-I) Te+2e-=Te2--1.143P(V)-(III) PO43-+2H2O+2e-=HP O32-+3OH--1.05*Zn(II)-(0) [Zn(NH3)4]2++2e-=Zn +4NH3 -1.04*W(VI)-(0) WO42-+4H2O+6e-=W+8OH--1.01*Ge(IV)-(0) HGeO3-+2H2O+4e-=Ge+5OH--1.0Sn(IV)-(II) [Sn(OH)6]2-+2e-=HS nO2-+H2O+3OH--0.9332-+2OH--0.93Se(0)-(-II) Se+2e-=Se2--0.92 4Sn(II)-(0) HSnO2-+H2O+2e-=S n+3OH--0.909P(0)-(-III) P+3H2O+3e-=PH3(g)+3OH--0.87N(V)-(IV) 2NO3-+2H2O+2e-=N2 O4+4OH--0.85H(I)-(0) 2H2O+2e-=H2+2OH--0.8277Cd(II)-(0) Cd(OH)2+2e-=Cd(Hg)+2OH--0.809Co(II)-(0) Co(OH)2+2e-=Co+2OH --0.73Ni(II)-(0) Ni(OH)2+2e-=Ni+2OH--0.72As(V)-(III) AsO43-+2H2O+2e-=AsO2-+4OH--0.71Ag(I)-(0) Ag2S+2e-=2Ag+S2--0.691s+4OH--0.68Sb(III)-(0) SbO2-+2H2O+3e-=S b+4OH--0.66*Re(VII)-(IV) ReO4-+2H2O+3e-=ReO2+4OH--0.59*Sb(V)-(III) SbO3-+H2O+2e-=S bO2-+2OH--0.59Re(VII)-(0) ReO4-+4H2O+7e-=R e+8OH--0.584*S(IV)-(II) 2SO32-+3H2O+4e-=S 2O32-+6OH--0.58Te(IV)-(0) TeO32-+3H2O+4e-=T e+6OH--0.57Fe(III)-(II) Fe(OH)3+e-=Fe(OH)2+OH--0.56S(0)-(-II) S+2e-=S2--0.47627Bi(III)-(0) Bi2O3+3H2O+6e-=2Bi +6OH--0.46N(III)-(II) NO2-+H2O+e-=NO+2 OH--0.46*Co(II)-C(0) [Co(NH3)6]2++2e-=Co+6NH3 -0.422Se(IV)-(0) SeO32-+3H2O+4e-=Se+6OH--0.366Cu(I)-(0) Cu2O+H2O+2e-=2Cu+2OH--0.360Tl(I)-(0) Tl(OH)+e-=Tl+OH--0.34*Ag(I)-(0) [Ag(CN)2]-+e-=Ag+2 CN--0.31Cu(II)-(0) Cu(OH)2+2e-=Cu+2OH --0.222Cr(VI)-(III) CrO42-+4H2O+3e-=Cr(OH)3+5OH--0.13*Cu(I)-(0) [Cu(NH3)2]++e-=Cu+2NH3 -0.12O(0)-(-I) O2+H2O+2e-=HO2-+OH--0.076Ag(I)-(0) AgCN+e-=Ag+CN--0.017N(V)-(III) NO3-+H2O+2e-=NO2-+2OH-0.01Se(VI)-(IV) SeO42-+H2O+2e-=S eO32-+2OH-0.05Pd(II)-(0) Pd(OH)2+2e-=Pd+2OH -0.07S(II,V)-(II) S4O62-+2e-=2S2O32-0.08Hg(II)-(0) HgO+H2O+2e-=Hg+2 OH-0.0977Co(III)-(II) [Co(NH3)6]3++e-=[Co (NH3)6]2+0.108Pt(II)-(0) Pt(OH)2+2e-=Pt+2OH-0.14Co(III)-(II) Co(OH)3+e-=Co(OH)2+OH-0.17Pb(IV)-(II) PbO2+H2O+2e-=PbO +2OH-0.247I(V)-(-I) IO3-+3H2O+6e-=I-+6OH-0.26Cl(V)-(III) ClO3-+H2O+2e-=ClO 2-+2OH-0.33Ag(I)-(0) Ag2O+H2O+2e-=2Ag+2OH-0.342Fe(III)-(II) [Fe(CN)6]3-+e-=[Fe(C N)6]4-0.358Cl(VII)-(V) ClO4-+H2O+2e-=Cl O3-+2OH-0.36*Ag(I)-(0) [Ag(NH3)2]++e-=Ag+2NH3 0.373O(0)-(-II) O2+2H2O+4e-=4OH-0.401I(I)-(-I) IO-+H2O+2e-=I-+2O H-0.485*Ni(IV)-(II) NiO2+2H2O+2e-=Ni(O H)2+2OH-0.490Mn(VII)-(VI) MnO4-+e-=MnO42-0.558Mn(VII)-(IV) MnO4-+2H2O+3e-=MnO2+4OH-0.595Mn(VI)-(IV) MnO42-+2H2O+2e-=MnO2+4OH-0.60Ag(II)-(I) 2AgO+H2O+2e-=Ag2O +2OH-0.607Br(V)-(-I) BrO3-+3H2O+6e-=B r-+6OH-0.61Cl(V)-(-I) ClO3-+3H2O+6e-=Cl -+6OH-0.62Cl(III)-(I) ClO2-+H2O+2e-=ClO -+2OH-0.66I(VII)-(V) H3IO62-+2e-=IO3-+3 OH-0.7Cl(III)-(-I) ClO2-+2H2O+4e-=C l-+4OH-0.76Br(I)-(-I) BrO-+H2O+2e-=Br-+2OH-0.761Cl(I)-(-I) ClO-+H2O+2e-=Cl-+2OH-0.841*Cl(IV)-(III) ClO2(g)+e-=ClO2-0.95O(0)-(-II) O3+H2O+2e-=O2+2O H- 1.24标准电极电势表半反应E°(V) 来源& -9Zz 9N N2(g) + H+ + e− HN3(aq) -3.09 [6]Li+ + e− Li(s) -3.0401 [5]N2(g) + 4 H2O + 2 e− 2 N H2OH(aq) + 2 O H− -3.04 [6]Cs+ + e− Cs(s) -3.026 [5]Rb+ + e− Rb(s) -2.98 [4]K+ + e− K(s) -2.931 [5]Ba2+ + 2 e− Ba(s) -2.912 [5]La(OH)3(s) + 3 e− La(s) + 3OH− -2.9 0 [5]Sr2+ + 2 e− Sr(s) -2.899 [5]Ca2+ + 2 e− Ca(s) -2.868 [5]Eu2+ + 2 e− Eu(s) -2.812 [5]Ra2+ + 2 e− Ra(s) -2.8 [5]Na+ + e− Na(s) -2.71 [5][9]La3+ + 3 e− La(s) -2.379 [5]Y3+ + 3 e− Y(s) -2.372 [5]Mg2+ + 2 e− Mg(s) -2.372 [5]ZrO(OH)2(s) + H2O + 4 e− Zr(s) + 4 OH− -2.36 [5]Al(OH)4− + 3 e− Al(s) + 4 O H− -2.33Al(OH)3(s) + 3 e− Al(s) + 3OH− -2.3 1H2(g) + 2 e− 2 H− -2.25Ac3+ + 3 e− Ac(s) -2.20Be2+ + 2 e− Be(s) -1.85U3+ + 3 e− U(s) -1.66 [7]Al3+ + 3 e− Al(s) -1.66 [9]Ti2+ + 2 e− Ti(s) -1.63 [9]ZrO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Zr(s) + 2 H2O -1.553 [5]Zr4+ + 4 e− Zr(s) -1.45 [5]TiO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ti(s) + H2O -1.31Ti2O3(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 T iO(s) + H2 O -1.23Ti3+ + 3 e− Ti(s) -1.21Te(s) + 2 e− Te2− -1.143 [2]V2+ + 2 e− V(s) -1.13 [2]Nb3+ + 3 e− Nb(s) -1.099Sn(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− SnH4(g) -1.07Mn2+ + 2 e− Mn(s) -1.029 [9]SiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Si(s) + 2 H2O -0.91B(OH)3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− B(s) + 3 H 2O -0.89TiO2+ + 2 H+ + 4 e− Ti(s) + H2O -0.86Bi(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e− BiH3 -0.8H2 H2O + 2 e− H2(g) +2 O H− -0.827 7 [5]Zn2+ + 2 e− Zn(Hg) -0.7628 [5]Zn2+ + 2 e− Zn(s) -0.7618 [5]Ta2O5(s) + 10 H+ + 10 e− 2 T a(s) + 5 H2O -0.75Cr3+ + 3 e− Cr(s) -0.74Au[Au(CN)2]− + e− Au(s) + 2 C N− -0.60Ta3+ + 3 e− Ta(s) -0.6PbO(s) + H2O + 2 e− Pb(s) + 2 O H−-0.58Ti2 T iO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ti2O3(s) + H2O -0.56Ga3+ + 3 e− Ga(s) -0.53U4+ + e− U3+ -0.52 [7]P H3PO2(aq) + H+ + e− P(白磷[10]) + 2 H2O -0.508 [5]P H3PO3(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3PO2(a q) + H2O -0.499 [5]P H3PO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− P(红磷) [10] + 3H2O -0.454 [5]Fe2+ + 2 e− Fe(s) -0.44 [9]C2 C O2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HOOCCOO H(aq) -0.43Cr3+ + e− Cr2+ -0.42Cd2+ + 2 e− Cd(s) -0.40 [9]GeO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− GeO(s) + H2 O -0.37Cu2O(s) + H2O + 2 e− 2 C u(s) + 2 O H− -0.360 [5]PbSO4(s) + 2 e− Pb(s) + SO42− -0.3 588 [5]PbSO4(s) + 2 e− Pb(Hg) + SO42− -0. 3505 [5]Eu3+ + e− Eu2+ -0.35 [7]In3+ + 3 e− In(s) 0.34 [2]Tl+ + e− Tl(s) -0.34 [2]Ge(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− GeH4(g) -0.29Co2+ + 2 e− Co(s) -0.28 [5]P H3PO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3PO3(a q) + H2O -0.276 [5]V3+ + e− V2+ 0.26 [9]Ni2+ + 2 e− Ni(s) -0.25As(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e− AsH3(g) -0.23 [2]MoO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Mo(s) + 2 H2 O -0.15Si(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− SiH4(g) -0.14Sn2+ + 2 e− Sn(s) -0.13O2(g) + H+ + e− HO2•(aq) -0.13Pb2+ + 2 e− Pb(s) -0.13 [9]WO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− W(s) + 2 H2O -0.12P(红磷) + 3 H+ + 3 e− PH3(g) -0.111[5]C CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HCOOH(aq) -0.11Se(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H2Se(g) -0.11C CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CO(g) + H2 O -0.11SnO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Sn(s) + H2O -0.10SnO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− SnO(s) + H2 O -0.09WO3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e− W(s) + 3 H2 O -0.09 [2]P(白磷) + 3 H+ + 3 e− PH3(g) -0.063[5]C HCOOH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HCHO (aq) + H2O -0.03H 2 H+ + 2 e− H2(g) ≡ 0S4O62− + 2 e− 2 S2O32− +0.08Fe3O4(s) + 8 H+ + 8 e− 3 F e(s) + 4 H 2O +0.085 [8]N2(g) + 2 H2O + 6H+ + 6 e− 2 N H4O H(aq) +0.092HgO(s) + H2O + 2 e− Hg(l) + 2 O H−+0.0977Cu(NH3)42+ + e− Cu(NH3)2+ + 2 N H 3 +0.10 [2]Ru(NH3)63+ + e− Ru(NH3)62+ +0.10 [7]N2H4(aq) + 4 H2O + 2 e− 2 N H4+ + 4 O H− +0.11 [6]Mo H2MoO4(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e− Mo(s) + 4 H2O +0.11Ge4+ + 4 e− Ge(s) +0.12C(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− CH4(g) +0.13 [2]C HCHO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CH3OH(a q) +0.13S(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H2S(g) +0.14Sn4+ + 2 e− Sn2+ +0.15Cu2+ + e− Cu+ +0.159 [2]S HSO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− SO2(aq) + 2 H2O +0.16UO22+ + e− UO2+ +0.163 [7]S SO42− + 4 H+ + 2 e− SO2(aq) + 2 H2O +0.17TiO2+ + 2 H+ + e− Ti3+ + H2O +0.1 9Bi3+ + 2e− Bi+ +0.2SbO+ + 2 H+ + 3 e− Sb(s) + H2O +0.20As H3AsO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− As(s) + 3 H2O +0.24GeO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ge(s) + H2O +0.26UO2+ + 4 H+ + e− U4+ + 2 H2O +0. 273 [7]Re3+ + 3 e− Re(s) +0.300Bi3+ + 3 e− Bi(s) +0.32VO2+ + 2 H+ + e− V3+ + H2O +0.34Cu2+ + 2 e− Cu(s) +0.340 [2]Fe [Fe(CN)6]3− + e− [Fe(CN)6]4− +0.36O2(g) + 2 H2O + 4 e− 4 O H−(aq) +0.4 0 [9]Mo H2MoO4 + 6 H+ + 3 e− Mo3+ + 2 H2O +0.43Bi+ + e− Bi(s) +0.50C CH3OH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CH4(g) + H2O +0.50S SO2(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e− S(s) + 2 H2 O +0.50Cu+ + e− Cu(s) +0.520 [2]C CO(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− C(s) + H2O +0.52I2(s) + 2 e− 2 I− +0.54 [9]I3− + 2 e− 3 I− +0.53 [9]Au [AuI4]− + 3 e− Au(s) + 4 I− +0.56As H3AsO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3As O3(aq) + H2O +0.56Au [AuI2]− + e− Au(s) + 2 I− +0.58MnO4− + 2 H2O + 3 e− MnO2(s) + 4 OH− +0.59S2O32 −+ 6 H+ + 4 e− 2 S(s) + 3 H2 O +0.60Mo H2MoO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− MoO 2(s) + 2 H2O +0.65O2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H2O2(aq) +0.70Tl3+ + 3 e− Tl(s) +0.72PtCl62− + 2 e− PtCl42− + 2 C l− +0.7 26 [7]Se H2SeO3(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Se(s) + 3 H2O +0.74PtCl42− + 2 e− Pt(s) + 4 C l− +0.758 [7]Fe3+ + e− Fe2+ +0.77Ag+ + e− Ag(s) +0.7996 [5]Hg22+ + 2 e− 2 H g(l) +0.80N NO3−(aq) + 2 H+ + e− NO2(g) +H2O +0.80Au [AuBr4]− + 3 e− Au(s) + 4 B r− + 0.85Hg2+ + 2 e− Hg(l) +0.85MnO4− + H+ + e− HMnO4− +0.90Hg 2 H g2+ + 2 e− Hg22+ +0.91 [2]Pd2+ + 2 e− Pd(s) +0.915 [7]Au [AuCl4]− + 3 e− Au(s) + 4 C l− +0.93MnO2(s) + 4 H+ + e− Mn3+ + 2 H2O +0.95Au [AuBr2]− + e− Au(s) + 2 B r− +0.96Br2(l) + 2 e− 2 B r− +1.07Br2(aq) + 2 e− 2 B r− +1.09 [9]I IO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e− HIO(aq) + 2 H2 O +1.13Au [AuCl2]− + e− Au(s) + 2 C l− +1.15Se HSeO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− H2SeO3(a q) + H2O +1.15Ag2O(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 A g(s) + H2 O +1.17ClO3− + 2 H+ + e− ClO2(g) + H2O +1.18Pt2+ + 2 e− Pt(s) +1.188 [7]ClO2(g) + H+ + e− HClO2(aq) +1.19I 2 I O3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− I2(s) + 6 H2 O +1.20ClO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e− ClO3− + H2O +1.20O2(g) + 4 H+ + 4 e− 2 H2O +1.23 [9]MnO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Mn2+ + 2H2 O +1.23Tl3+ + 2 e− Tl+ +1.25Cl2(g) + 2 e− 2 C l− +1.36 [9]Cr2O7− −+ 14 H+ + 6 e− 2 C r3+ + 7 H2O +1.33CoO2(s) + 4 H+ + e− Co3+ + 2 H2O +1.42N 2 N H3OH+ + H+ + 2 e− N2H5+ + 2 H2O +1.42 [6]I 2 H IO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− I2(s) + 2 H 2O +1.44Ce4+ + e− Ce3+ +1.44BrO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e− HBrO(aq) + 2 H 2O +1.45PbO β-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Pb2+ + 2 H2O +1.460 [2]PbO α-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Pb2+ + 2 H2O +1.468 [2]Br 2 B rO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− Br2(l) + 6 H2O +1.48Cl 2ClO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− Cl2(g) + 6 H2O +1.49MnO4− + 8 H+ + 5 e− Mn2+ + 4 H2O +1.51O HO2• + H+ + e− H2O2(aq) +1.51Au3+ + 3 e− Au(s) +1.52NiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Ni2++ 2 O H−+1.59Cl 2 H ClO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Cl2(g) + 2 H2O +1.63Ag2O3(s) + 6 H+ + 4 e− 2 A g+ + 3 H2 O +1.67Cl HClO2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HClO(aq) + H2O +1.67Pb4+ + 2 e− Pb2+ +1.69 [2]MnO4− + 4 H+ + 3 e− MnO2(s) + 2 H 2O +1.70O H2O2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 H2O +1.78AgO(s) + 2 H+ + e− Ag+ + H2O +1.77Co3+ + e− Co2+ +1.82Au+ + e− Au(s) +1.83 [2]BrO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e− BrO3− + H2O +1.85Ag2+ + e− Ag+ +1.98 [2]S2O82− + 2 e− 2 S O42− +2.07O3(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− O2(g) + H2O + 2.075 [7]Mn HMnO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− MnO2(s) + 2 H2O +2.09F2(g) + 2 e− 2 F− +2.87 [2][9]F2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 H F(aq) +3.05 [2]。
(完整版)标准电极电势表(非常全)
标准电极电势Standard Electrode Potentials下表中所列的标准电极电势(25.0℃,101.325kPa)是相对于标准氢电极电势的值。
标准氢电极电势被规定为零伏特(0.0V)。
序号(No.)电极过程(Electrode process)EÅ/V 1Ag++e═Ag0.79962Ag2++e═Ag+ 1.983AgBr+e═Ag+Br-0.07134AgBrO3+e═Ag+BrO3-0.5465AgCl+e═Ag+Cl-0.2226AgCN+e═Ag+CN--0.0177Ag2CO3+2e═2Ag+CO32-0.478Ag2C2O4+2e═2Ag+C2O42-0.4659Ag2CrO4+2e═2Ag+CrO42-0.44710AgF+e═Ag+F-0.77911Ag4[Fe(CN)6]+4e═4Ag+[Fe(CN)6]4-0.14812AgI+e═Ag+I--0.152 13AgIO3+e═Ag+IO3-0.35414Ag2MoO4+2e═2Ag+MoO42-0.45715[Ag(NH3)2]++e═Ag+2NH30.37316AgNO2+e═Ag+NO2-0.56417Ag2O+H2O+2e═2Ag+2OH-0.342182AgO+H2O+2e═Ag2O+2OH-0.60719Ag2S+2e═2Ag+S2--0.691 20Ag2S+2H++2e═2Ag+H2S-0.0366 21AgSCN+e═Ag+SCN-0.0895 22Ag2SeO4+2e═2Ag+SeO42-0.36323Ag2SO4+2e═2Ag+SO42-0.65424Ag2WO4+2e═2Ag+WO42-0.46625Al3+3e═Al-1.662 26AlF63-+3e═Al+6F--2.069 27Al(OH)3+3e═Al+3OH--2.3128AlO2-+2H2O+3e═Al+4OH--2.3529Am3++3e═Am-2.048 30Am4++e═Am3+ 2.631AmO22++4H++3e═Am3++2H2O 1.7532As+3H++3e═AsH3-0.608 33As+3H2O+3e═AsH3+3OH--1.3734As2O3+6H++6e═2As+3H2O0.23435HAsO2+3H++3e═As+2H2O0.24836AsO2-+2H2O+3e═As+4OH--0.6837H3AsO4+2H++2e═HAsO2+2H2O0.5638AsO43-+2H2O+2e═AsO2-+4OH--0.7139AsS2-+3e═As+2S2--0.7540AsS43-+2e═ AsS2-+2S2--0.641Au++e═Au 1.69242Au3++3e═Au 1.49843Au3++2e═Au+ 1.401 44AuBr2-+e═Au+2Br-0.959 45AuBr4-+3e═Au+4Br-0.854 46AuCl2-+e═Au+2Cl- 1.15 47AuCl4-+3e═Au+4Cl- 1.002 48AuI+e═Au+I-0.5 49Au(SCN)4-+3e═Au+4SCN-0.66 50Au(OH)3+3H++3e═Au+3H2O 1.45 51BF4-+3e═B+4F--1.04 52H2BO3-+H2O+3e═B+4OH--1.79 53B(OH)3+7H++8e═BH4-+3H2O-0.0481 54Ba2++2e═Ba-2.912 55Ba(OH)2+2e═Ba+2OH--2.99 56Be2++2e═Be-1.847 57Be2O32-+3H2O+4e═2Be+6OH--2.63 58Bi++e═Bi0.5 59Bi3++3e═Bi0.308 60BiCl4-+3e═Bi+4Cl-0.16 61BiOCl+2H++3e═Bi+Cl-+H2O0.16 62Bi2O3+3H2O+6e═2Bi+6OH--0.46 63Bi2O4+4H++2e═2BiO++2H2O 1.593 64Bi2O4+H2O+2e═ Bi2O3+2OH-0.56 65Br2(水溶液,aq)+2e═2Br- 1.087 66Br2(液体)+2e═2Br- 1.066 67BrO-+H2O+2e═Br-+2OH0.761 68BrO3-+6H++6e═Br-+3H2O 1.423 69BrO3-+3H2O+6e═Br-+6OH-0.61 702BrO3-+12H++10e═Br2+6H2O 1.482 71HBrO+H++2e═Br-+H2O 1.331 722HBrO+2H++2e═Br2(水溶液,aq)+2H2O 1.574 73CH3OH+2H++2e═CH4+H2O0.59 74HCHO+2H++2e═CH3OH0.19 75CH3COOH+2H++2e═CH3CHO+H2O-0.12 76(CN)2+2H++2e═2HCN0.373 77(CNS)2+2e═2CNS-0.77 78CO2+2H++2e═CO+H2O-0.12 79CO2+2H++2e═HCOOH-0.199 80Ca2++2e═Ca-2.868 81Ca(OH)2+2e═Ca+2OH--3.02 82Cd2++2e═Cd-0.403 83Cd2++2e═Cd(Hg)-0.352 84Cd(CN)42-+2e═Cd+4CN--1.09 85CdO+H2O+2e═Cd+2OH--0.783 86CdS+2e═Cd+S2--1.17 87CdSO4+2e═Cd+SO42--0.246 88Ce3++3e═Ce-2.336 89Ce3++3e═Ce(Hg)-1.437 90CeO2+4H++e═Ce3++2H2O 1.4 91Cl2(气体)+2e═2Cl- 1.35892ClO-+H2O+2e═Cl-+2OH-0.89 93HClO+H++2e═Cl-+H2O 1.482 942HClO+2H++2e═Cl2+2H2O 1.611 95ClO2-+2H2O+4e═Cl-+4OH-0.76 962ClO3-+12H++10e═Cl2+6H2O 1.47 97ClO3-+6H++6e═Cl-+3H2O 1.451 98ClO3-+3H2O+6e═Cl-+6OH-0.62 99ClO4-+8H++8e═Cl-+4H2O 1.38 1002ClO4-+16H++14e═Cl2+8H2O 1.39 101Cm3++3e═Cm-2.04 102Co2++2e═Co-0.28 103[Co(NH3)6]3++e═[Co(NH3)6]2+0.108 104[Co(NH3)6]2++2e═Co+6NH3-0.43 105Co(OH)2+2e═Co+2OH--0.73 106Co(OH)3+e═Co(OH)2+OH-0.17 107Cr2++2e═Cr-0.913 108Cr3++e═Cr2+-0.407 109Cr3++3e═Cr-0.744 110[Cr(CN)6]3-+e═[Cr(CN)6]4--1.28 111Cr(OH)3+3e═Cr+3OH--1.48 112Cr2O72-+14H++6e═2Cr3++7H2O 1.232 113CrO2-+2H2O+3e═Cr+4OH--1.2 114HCrO4-+7H++3e═Cr3++4H2O 1.35 115CrO42-+4H2O+3e═Cr(OH)3+5OH--0.13 116Cs++e═Cs-2.92 117Cu++e═Cu0.521 118Cu2++2e═Cu0.342 119Cu2++2e═Cu(Hg)0.345 120Cu2++Br-+e═CuBr0.66 121Cu2++Cl-+e═CuCl0.57 122Cu2++I-+e═CuI0.86 123Cu2++2CN-+e═[Cu(CN)2]- 1.103 124CuBr2-+e═Cu+2Br-0.05 125CuCl2-+e═Cu+2Cl-0.19 126CuI2-+e═Cu+2I-0 127Cu2O+H2O+2e═2Cu+2OH--0.36 128Cu(OH)2+2e═Cu+2OH--0.222 1292Cu(OH)2+2e═Cu2O+2OH-+H2O-0.08 130CuS+2e═Cu+S2--0.7 131CuSCN+e═Cu+SCN--0.27 132Dy2++2e═Dy-2.2 133Dy3++3e═Dy-2.295 134Er2++2e═Er-2 135Er3++3e═Er-2.331 136Es2++2e═Es-2.23 137Es3++3e═Es-1.91 138Eu2++2e═Eu-2.812 139Eu3++3e═Eu-1.991 140F2+2H++2e═2HF 3.053190IO3-+2H2O+4e═IO-+4OH-0.15 191IO3-+3H2O+6e═I-+6OH-0.26 1922IO3-+6H2O+10e═I2+12OH-0.21 193H5IO6+H++2e═IO3-+3H2O 1.601 194In++e═In-0.14 195In3++3e═In-0.338 196In(OH)3+3e═In+3OH--0.99 197Ir3++3e═Ir 1.156 198IrBr62-+e═ IrBr63-0.99 199IrCl62-+e═IrCl63-0.867 200K++e═K-2.931 201La3++3e═La-2.379 202La(OH)3+3e═La+3OH--2.9 203Li++e═Li-3.04 204Lr3++3e═Lr-1.96 205Lu3++3e═Lu-2.28 206Md2++2e═Md-2.4 207Md3++3e═Md-1.65 208Mg2++2e═Mg-2.372 209Mg(OH)2+2e═Mg+2OH--2.69 210Mn2++2e═Mn-1.185 211Mn3++3e═Mn 1.542 212MnO2+4H++2e═Mn2++2H2O 1.224 213MnO4-+4H++3e═MnO2+2H2O 1.679 214MnO4-+8H++5e═Mn2++4H2O 1.507 215MnO4-+2H2O+3e═MnO2+4OH-0.595 216Mn(OH)2+2e═Mn+2OH--1.56 217Mo3++3e═Mo-0.2 218MoO42-+4H2O+6e═Mo+8OH--1.05 219N2+2H2O+6H++6e═2NH4OH0.092 2202NH3OH++H++2e═N2H5++2H2O 1.42 2212NO+H2O+2e═N2O+2OH-0.76 2222HNO2+4H++4e═N2O+3H2O 1.297 223NO3-+3H++2e═HNO2+H2O0.934 224NO3-+H2O+2e═NO2-+2OH-0.01 2252NO3-+2H2O+2e═N2O4+4OH--0.85 226Na++e═Na-2.713 227Nb3++3e═Nb-1.099 228NbO2+4H++4e═Nb+2H2O-0.69 229Nb2O5+10H++10e═2Nb+5H2O-0.644 230Nd2++2e═Nd-2.1 231Nd3++3e═Nd-2.323 232Ni2++2e═Ni-0.257 233NiCO3+2e═Ni+CO32--0.45 234Ni(OH)2+2e═Ni+2OH--0.72 235NiO2+4H++2e═Ni2++2H2O 1.678 236No2++2e═No-2.5 237No3++3e═No-1.2 238Np3++3e═Np-1.856239NpO2+H2O+H++e═Np(OH)3-0.962 240O2+4H++4e═2H2O 1.229 241O2+2H2O+4e═4OH-0.401 242O3+H2O+2e═O2+2OH- 1.24 243Os2++2e═Os0.85 244OsCl63-+e═Os2++6Cl-0.4 245OsO2+2H2O+4e═Os+4OH--0.15 246OsO4+8H++8e═Os+4H2O0.838 247OsO4+4H++4e═OsO2+2H2O 1.02 248P+3H2O+3e═PH3(g)+3OH--0.87 249H2PO2-+e═P+2OH--1.82 250H3PO3+2H++2e═H3PO2+H2O-0.499 251H3PO3+3H++3e═P+3H2O-0.454 252H3PO4+2H++2e═H3PO3+H2O--0.276 253PO43-+2H2O+2e═HPO32-+3OH--1.05 254Pa3++3e═Pa-1.34 255Pa4++4e═Pa-1.49 256Pb2++2e═Pb-0.126 257Pb2++2e═Pb(Hg)-0.121 258PbBr2+2e═Pb+2Br--0.284 259PbCl2+2e═Pb+2Cl--0.268 260PbCO3+2e═Pb+CO32--0.506 261PbF2+2e═Pb+2F--0.344 262PbI2+2e═Pb+2I--0.365 263PbO+H2O+2e═Pb+2OH--0.58 264PbO+4H++2e═Pb+H2O0.25 265PbO2+4H++2e═Pb2+2H2O 1.455 266HPbO2-+H2O+2e═Pb+3OH--0.537 267PbO2+SO42-+4H++2e═PbSO4+2H2O 1.691 268PbSO4+2e═Pb+SO42--0.359 269Pd2++2e═Pd0.915 270PdBr42-+2e═Pd+4Br-0.6 271PdO2+H2O+2e═PdO+2OH-0.73 272Pd(OH)2+2e═Pd+2OH-0.07 273Pm2++2e═Pm-2.2 274Pm3++3e═Pm-2.3 275Po4++4e═Po0.76 276Pr2++2e═Pr-2 277Pr3++3e═Pr-2.353 278Pt2++2e═Pt 1.18 279[PtCl6]2-+2e═[PtCl4]2-+2Cl-0.68 280Pt(OH)2+2e═Pt+2OH-0.14 281PtO2+4H++4e═Pt+2H2O1 282PtS+2e═Pt+S2--0.83 283Pu3++3e═Pu-2.031 284Pu5++e═Pu4+ 1.099 285Ra2++2e═Ra-2.8 286Rb++e═Rb-2.98 287Re3++3e═Re0.3337Th4++4e═Th-1.899 338Ti2++2e═Ti-1.63 339Ti3++3e═Ti-1.37 340TiO2+4H++2e═Ti2++2H2O-0.502 341TiO2++2H++e═Ti3++H2O0.1 342Tl++e═Tl-0.336 343Tl3++3e═Tl0.741 344Tl3++Cl-+2e═TlCl 1.36 345TlBr+e═Tl+Br--0.658 346TlCl+e═Tl+Cl--0.557 347TlI+e═Tl+I--0.752 348Tl2O3+3H2O+4e═2Tl++6OH-0.02 349TlOH+e═Tl+OH--0.34 350Tl2SO4+2e═2Tl+SO42--0.436 351Tm2++2e═Tm-2.4 352Tm3++3e═Tm-2.319 353U3++3e═U-1.798 354UO2+4H++4e═U+2H2O-1.4 355UO2++4H++e═U4++2H2O0.612 356UO22++4H++6e═U+2H2O-1.444 357V2++2e═V-1.175 358VO2++2H++e═V3++H2O0.337 359VO2++2H++e═VO2++H2O0.991 360VO2++4H++2e═V3++2H2O0.668 361V2O5+10H++10e═2V+5H2O-0.242 362W3++3e═W0.1 363WO3+6H++6e═W+3H2O-0.09 364W2O5+2H++2e═2WO2+H2O-0.031 365Y3++3e═Y-2.372 366Yb2++2e═Yb-2.76 367Yb3++3e═Yb-2.19 368Zn2++2e═Zn-0.7618 369Zn2++2e═Zn(Hg)-0.7628 370Zn(OH)2+2e═Zn+2OH--1.249 371ZnS+2e═Zn+S2--1.4 372ZnSO4+2e═Zn(Hg)+SO42--0.799。
标准电极电势表 (碱)
电对方程式E /VCa(II)-(0) Ca(OH)2+2e-=Ca+2OH--3.02 Ba(II)-(0) Ba(OH)2+2e-=Ba+2OH--2.99 La(III)-(0) La(OH)3+3e-=La+3OH--2.90 Sr(II)-(0) Sr(OH)2·8H2O+2e-=Sr+2OH-+8H2O -2.88 Mg(II)-(0) Mg(OH)2+2e-=Mg+2OH--2.690 Be(II)-(0) Be2O32-+3H2O+4e-=2Be+6OH--2.63 Hf(IV)-(0) HfO(OH)2+H2O+4e-=Hf+4OH--2.50 Zr(IV)-(0) H2ZrO3+H2O+4e-=Zr+4OH--2.36 Al(III)-(0) H2AlO3-+H2O+3e-=Al+OH--2.33 P(I)-(0) H2PO2-+e-=P+2OH--1.82 B(III)-(0) H2BO3-+H2O+3e-=B+4OH--1.79 P(III)-(0) HPO32-+2H2O+3e-=P+5OH--1.71 Si(IV)-(0) SiO32-+3H2O+4e-=Si+6OH--1.697 P(III)-(I) HPO32-+2H2O+2e-=H2PO2-+3OH--1.65 Mn(II)-(0) Mn(OH)2+2e-=Mn+2OH--1.56 Cr(III)-(0) Cr(OH)3+3e-=Cr+3OH--1.48 *Zn(II)-(0) [Zn(CN)4]2-+2e-=Zn+4CN--1.26 Zn(II)-(0) Zn(OH)2+2e-=Zn+2OH--1.249 Ga(III)-(0) H2GaO3-+H2O+2e-=Ga+4OH--1.219 Zn(II)-(0) ZnO22-+2H2O+2e-=Zn+4OH--1.215 Cr(III)-(0) CrO2-+2H2O+3e-=Cr+4OH--1.2 Te(0)-(-I) Te+2e-=Te2--1.143 P(V)-(III) PO43-+2H2O+2e-=HPO32-+3OH--1.05*Zn(II)-(0) [Zn(NH3)4]2++2e-=Zn+4NH3-1.04*W(VI)-(0) WO42-+4H2O+6e-=W+8OH--1.01*Ge(IV)-(0) HGeO3-+2H2O+4e-=Ge+5OH--1.0Sn(IV)-(II) [Sn(OH)6]2-+2e-=HSnO2-+H2O+3OH--0.93S(VI)-(IV) SO42-+H2O+2e-=SO32-+2OH--0.93Se(0)-(-II) Se+2e-=Se2--0.924 Sn(II)-(0) HSnO2-+H2O+2e-=Sn+3OH--0.909P(0)-(-III) P+3H2O+3e-=PH3(g)+3OH--0.87N(V)-(IV) 2NO3-+2H2O+2e-=N2O4+4OH--0.85H(I)-(0) 2H2O+2e-=H2+2OH--0.8277 Cd(II)-(0) Cd(OH)2+2e-=Cd(Hg)+2OH--0.809 Co(II)-(0) Co(OH)2+2e-=Co+2OH--0.73Ni(II)-(0) Ni(OH)2+2e-=Ni+2OH--0.72As(V)-(III) AsO43-+2H2O+2e-=AsO2-+4OH--0.71Ag(I)-(0) Ag2S+2e-=2Ag+S2--0.691 As(III)-(0) AsO2-+2H2O+3e-=As+4OH--0.68Sb(III)-(0) SbO2-+2H2O+3e-=Sb+4OH--0.66*Re(VII)-(IV) ReO4-+2H2O+3e-=ReO2+4OH--0.59*Sb(V)-(III) SbO3-+H2O+2e-=SbO2-+2OH--0.59Re(VII)-(0) ReO4-+4H2O+7e-=Re+8OH--0.584 *S(IV)-(II) 2SO32-+3H2O+4e-=S2O32-+6OH--0.58Te(IV)-(0) TeO32-+3H2O+4e-=Te+6OH--0.57Fe(III)-(II) Fe(OH)3+e-=Fe(OH)2+OH--0.56S(0)-(-II) S+2e-=S2--0.47627 Bi(III)-(0) Bi2O3+3H2O+6e-=2Bi+6OH--0.46N(III)-(II) NO2-+H2O+e-=NO+2OH--0.46 *Co(II)-C(0) [Co(NH3)6]2++2e-=Co+6NH3-0.422 Se(IV)-(0) SeO32-+3H2O+4e-=Se+6OH--0.366 Cu(I)-(0) Cu2O+H2O+2e-=2Cu+2OH--0.360 Tl(I)-(0) Tl(OH)+e-=Tl+OH--0.34 *Ag(I)-(0) [Ag(CN)2]-+e-=Ag+2CN--0.31 Cu(II)-(0) Cu(OH)2+2e-=Cu+2OH--0.222 Cr(VI)-(III) CrO42-+4H2O+3e-=Cr(OH)3+5OH--0.13 *Cu(I)-(0) [Cu(NH3)2]++e-=Cu+2NH3-0.12 O(0)-(-I) O2+H2O+2e-=HO2-+OH--0.076 Ag(I)-(0) AgCN+e-=Ag+CN--0.017 N(V)-(III) NO3-+H2O+2e-=NO2-+2OH-0.01 Se(VI)-(IV) SeO42-+H2O+2e-=SeO32-+2OH-0.05 Pd(II)-(0) Pd(OH)2+2e-=Pd+2OH-0.07S(II,V)-(II) S4O62-+2e-=2S2O32-0.08 Hg(II)-(0) HgO+H2O+2e-=Hg+2OH-0.0977 Co(III)-(II) [Co(NH3)6]3++e-=[Co(NH3)6]2+0.108 Pt(II)-(0) Pt(OH)2+2e-=Pt+2OH-0.14 Co(III)-(II) Co(OH)3+e-=Co(OH)2+OH-0.17 Pb(IV)-(II) PbO2+H2O+2e-=PbO+2OH-0.247 I(V)-(-I) IO3-+3H2O+6e-=I-+6OH-0.26Cl(V)-(III) ClO3-+H2O+2e-=ClO2-+2OH-0.33 Ag(I)-(0) Ag2O+H2O+2e-=2Ag+2OH-0.342 Fe(III)-(II) [Fe(CN)6]3-+e-=[Fe(CN)6]4-0.358 Cl(VII)-(V) ClO4-+H2O+2e-=ClO3-+2OH-0.36*Ag(I)-(0) [Ag(NH3)2]++e-=Ag+2NH30.373 O(0)-(-II) O2+2H2O+4e-=4OH-0.401 I(I)-(-I) IO-+H2O+2e-=I-+2OH-0.485 *Ni(IV)-(II) NiO2+2H2O+2e-=Ni(OH)2+2OH-0.490 Mn(VII)-(VI) MnO4-+e-=MnO42-0.558 Mn(VII)-(IV) MnO4-+2H2O+3e-=MnO2+4OH-0.595 Mn(VI)-(IV) MnO42-+2H2O+2e-=MnO2+4OH-0.60 Ag(II)-(I) 2AgO+H2O+2e-=Ag2O+2OH-0.607 Br(V)-(-I) BrO3-+3H2O+6e-=Br-+6OH-0.61 Cl(V)-(-I) ClO3-+3H2O+6e-=Cl-+6OH-0.62 Cl(III)-(I) ClO2-+H2O+2e-=ClO-+2OH-0.66 I(VII)-(V) H3IO62-+2e-=IO3-+3OH-0.7 Cl(III)-(-I) ClO2-+2H2O+4e-=Cl-+4OH-0.76 Br(I)-(-I) BrO-+H2O+2e-=Br-+2OH-0.761 Cl(I)-(-I) ClO-+H2O+2e-=Cl-+2OH-0.841 *Cl(IV)-(III) ClO2(g)+e-=ClO2-0.95。
标准电极电势表(全)
电对
方程式
EN
Li(l)—(0)
Li++e-=Li
—
Cs(l)-(0)
CS+e=Cs
—
Rb(l)—(0)
Rb++e-=Rb
—
K(l)-(0)
K+e-=K
—
Ba(ll)-(0)
BsT+2e-=Ba
—
Sr(ll)-(0)
Si2++2e-=Sr
—
Ca(ll-(0)
Cc2+2e=Ca
TeQ+4H++4e—=Te+2H2O
U(V)—(IV)
UQ++4H++e—=U4++2H2O
**Hg(II)—(I)
2HgC2+2e—=Hg?Cb+2C「
Pt(IV)—(II)
[PtC6]2-+2e—=[PtC4]2-+2C「
O(0)—(—I)
O2+2H+2e=H2O2
Pt(II)—(0)
[PtCl4]2-+2e—=Pt+4C「
—
ln (lll)-(0)
In3++3e-=In
—
Tl(l)-(0)
Tl++e-=Tl
—
Co(ll)- (0)
Cc?+2e=Co
—
P(V)-(lll)
H3PO4+2H++2e-=H3PO3+H2O
—
Pb(ll)-(0)
PbC2+2e-=Pb+2C-
标准电极电势表(酸+碱)
0.761
68
BrO 3-+6H ++6e═ Br -+3H 2O
1.423
69
BrO 3-+3H 2O+6e═ Br -+6OH -
0.61
70
2BrO 3-+12H ++10e═Br 2+6H 2O
1.482
71
HBrO+H ++2e═Br -+H 2O
1.331
72
2HBrO+2H ++2e═Br 2(水溶液 ,aq)+2H 2O
0.465
9
Ag2CrO
4+2e═ 2Ag+CrO
24
0.447
10
AgF+e═ Ag+F -
6]+4e═ 4Ag+[Fe(CN) 6]4-
0.148
12
AgI+e ═ Ag+I -
-0.152
13
AgIO
3+e═ Ag+IO
3
0.354
14
Ag2MoO
4+2e═ 2Ag+MoO
2ClO 3-+12H ++10e═Cl 2+6H 2O
1.47
97
ClO 3-+6H ++6e═ Cl -+3H 2O
1.451
98
ClO 3-+3H 2O+6e═ Cl -+6OH -
0.62
99
ClO 4-+8H ++8e═ Cl -+4H 2O
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
标准电极电势表目录[隐藏]电极电势的产生—双电层理论定义公式电极电势内容标准电极电势表[编辑本段]电极电势的产生—双电层理论德国化学家能斯特(H.W.Nernst)提出了双电层理论(electron double lay er theory)解释电极电势的产生的原因。
当金属放入溶液中时,一方面金属晶体中处于热运动的金属离子在极性水分子的作用下,离开金属表面进入溶液。
金属性质越活泼,这种趋势就越大;另一方面溶液中的金属离子,由于受到金属表面电子的吸引,而在金属表面沉积,溶液中金属离子的浓度越大,这种趋势也越大。
在一定浓度的溶液中达到平衡后,在金属和溶液两相界面上形成了一个带相反电荷的双电层(electron double layer),双电层的厚度虽然很小(约为10-8厘米数量级), 但却在金属和溶液之间产生了电势差。
通常人们就把产生在金属和盐溶液之间的双电层间的电势差称为金属的电极电势(electrode potential),并以此描述电极得失电子能力的相对强弱。
电极电势以符号E Mn+/ M表示, 单位为V(伏)。
如锌的电极电势以EZn2+/ Zn 表示, 铜的电极电势以ECu2+/Cu 表示。
电极电势的大小主要取决于电极的本性,并受温度、介质和离子浓度等因素的影响。
[编辑本段]定义标准电极电势是可逆电极在标准状态及平衡态时的电势,也就是标准态时的电极电势.标准电极电势有很大的实用价值,可用来判断氧化剂与还原剂的相对强弱,判断氧化还原反应的进行方向,计算原电池的电动势、反应自由能、平衡常数,计算其他半反应的标准电极电势,等等。
将半反应按电极电势由低到高排序,可以得到标准电极电势表,可十分简明地判断氧还反应的方向.[编辑本段]公式任何温度下标准氢电极的标准电极电势值都为0,但其他电极电势值会受到温度影响。
以Ni/NiO电极为例,它可以用作高温伪参比电极,在0-400°C时的电极电势大致符合以下公式:E°(T)=-0.0003T+0.1414,T为温度[编辑本段]电极电势内容1 在酸性溶液中(298K)电对方程式Eq/VLi(I)-(0) Li++e-=Li -3.0401Cs(I)-(0) Cs++e-=Cs -3.026Rb(I)-(0) Rb++e-=Rb -2.98K(I)-(0) K++e-=K -2.931Ba(II)-(0) Ba2++2e-=Ba -2.912Sr(II)-(0) Sr2++2e-=Sr -2.89Ca(II)-(0) Ca2++2e-=Ca -2.868Na(I)-(0) Na++e-=Na -2.71La(III)-(0) La3++3e-=La -2.379Mg(II)-(0) Mg2++2e-=Mg -2.372Ce(III)-(0) Ce3++3e-=Ce -2.336H(0)-(-I) H2(g)+2e-=2H--2.23Al(III)-(0) AlF63-+3e-=Al+6F--2.069Th(IV)-(0) Th4++4e-=Th -1.899Be(II)-(0) Be2++2e-=Be -1.847U(III)-(0) U3++3e-=U -1.798Hf(IV)-(0) HfO2++2H++4e-=Hf+H2O -1.724Al(III)-(0) Al3++3e-=Al -1.662Ti(II)-(0) Ti2++2e-=Ti -1.630Zr(IV)-(0) ZrO2+4H++4e-=Zr+2H2O -1.553Si(IV)-(0) [SiF6]2-+4e-=Si+6F--1.24Mn(II)-(0) Mn2++2e-=Mn -1.185Cr(II)-(0) Cr2++2e-=Cr -0.913Ti(III)-(II) Ti3++e-=Ti2+-0.9B(III)-(0) H3BO3+3H++3e-=B+3H2O -0.8698*Ti(IV)-(0) TiO2+4H++4e-=Ti+2H2O -0.86Te(0)-(-II) Te+2H++2e-=H2Te -0.793Zn(II)-(0) Zn2++2e-=Zn -0.7618Ta(V)-(0) Ta2O5+10H++10e-=2Ta+5H2O -0.750Cr(III)-(0) Cr3++3e-=Cr -0.744Nb(V)-(0) Nb2O5+l0H++10e-=2Nb+5H2O -0.644 As(0)-(-III) As+3H++3e-=AsH3 -0.608U(IV)-(III) U4++e-=U3+-0.607Ga(III)-(0) Ga3++3e-=Ga -0.549P(I)-(0) H3PO2+H++e-=P+2H2O -0.508P(III)-(I) H3PO3+2H++2e-=H3PO2+H2O -0.499 *C(IV)-(III) 2CO2+2H++2e-=H2C2O4 -0.49Fe(II)-(0) Fe2++2e-=Fe -0.447Cr(III)-(II) Cr3++e-=Cr2+-0.407Cd(II)-(0) Cd2++2e-=Cd -0.4030Se(0)-(-II) Se+2H++2e-=H2Se(aq) -0.399Pb(II)-(0) PbI2+2e-=Pb+2I--0.365Eu(III)-(II) Eu3++e-=Eu2+-0.36Pb(II)-(0) PbSO4+2e-=Pb+SO42--0.3588In(III)-(0) In3++3e-=In -0.3382Tl(I)-(0) Tl++e-=Tl -0.336Co(II)-(0) Co2++2e-=Co -0.28P(V)-(III) H3PO4+2H++2e-=H3PO3+H2O -0.276 Pb(II)-(0) PbCl2+2e-=Pb+2Cl--0.2675Ni (II)-(0) Ni2++2e-=Ni -0.257V(III)-(II) V3++e-=V2+-0.255Ge(IV)-(0) H2GeO3+4H++4e-=Ge+3H2O -0.182 Ag(I)-(0) AgI+e-=Ag+I--0.15224Sn(II)-(0) Sn2++2e-=Sn -0.1375Pb(II)-(0) Pb2++2e-=Pb -0.1262*C(IV)-(II) CO2(g)+2H++2e-=CO+H2O -0.12P(0)-(-III) P(white)+3H++3e-=PH3(g) -0.063Hg(I)-(0) Hg2I2+2e-=2Hg+2I--0.0405Fe(III)-(0) Fe3++3e-=Fe -0.037H(I)-(0) 2H++2e-=H2 0.0000Ag(I)-(0) AgBr+e-=Ag+Br-0.07133S(II.V)-(II) S4O62-+2e-=2S2O32-0.08*Ti(IV)-(III) TiO2++2H++e-=Ti3++H2O 0.1S(0)-(-II) S+2H++2e-=H2S(aq) 0.142Sn(IV)-(II) Sn4++2e-=Sn2+0.151Sb(III)-(0) Sb2O3+6H++6e-=2Sb+3H2O 0.152Cu(II)-(I) Cu2++e-=Cu+0.153Bi(III)-(0) BiOCl+2H++3e-=Bi+Cl-+H2O 0.1583 S(VI)-(IV) SO42-+4H++2e-=H2SO3+H2O 0.172 Sb(III)-(0) SbO++2H++3e-=Sb+H2O 0.212Ag(I)-(0) AgCl+e-=Ag+Cl-0.22233As(III)-(0) HAsO2+3H++3e-=As+2H2O 0.248Hg(I)-(0) Hg2Cl2+2e-=2Hg+2Cl-(饱和KCl) 0.26808 Bi(III)-(0) BiO++2H++3e-=Bi+H2O 0.320U(VI)-(IV) UO22++4H++2e-=U4++2H2O 0.327C(IV)-(III) 2HCNO+2H++2e-=(CN)2+2H2O 0.330V(IV)-(III) VO2++2H++e-=V3++H2O 0.337Cu(II)-(0) Cu2++2e-=Cu 0.3419Re(VII)-(0) ReO4-+8H++7e-=Re+4H2O 0.368Ag(I)-(0) Ag2CrO4+2e-=2Ag+CrO42-0.4470S(IV)-(0) H2SO3+4H++4e-=S+3H2O 0.449Cu(I)-(0) Cu++e-=Cu 0.521I(0)-(-I) I2+2e-=2I-0.5355I(0)-(-I) I3-+2e-=3I-0.536As(V)-(III) H3AsO4+2H++2e-=HAsO2+2H2O 0.560 Sb(V)-(III) Sb2O5+6H++4e-=2SbO++3H2O 0.581 Te(IV)-(0) TeO2+4H++4e-=Te+2H2O 0.593U(V)-(IV) UO2++4H++e-=U4++2H2O 0.612**Hg(II)-(I) 2HgCl2+2e-=Hg2Cl2+2Cl-0.63Pt(IV)-(II) [PtCl6]2-+2e-=[PtCl4]2-+2Cl-0.68O(0)-(-I) O2+2H++2e-=H2O2 0.695Pt(II)-(0) [PtCl4]2-+2e-=Pt+4Cl-0.755*Se(IV)-(0) H2SeO3+4H++4e-=Se+3H2O 0.74Fe(III)-(II) Fe3++e-=Fe2+0.771Hg(I)-(0) Hg22++2e-=2Hg 0.7973Ag(I)-(0) Ag++e-=Ag 0.7996Os(VIII)-(0) OsO4+8H++8e-=Os+4H2O 0.8N(V)-(IV) 2NO3-+4H++2e-=N2O4+2H2O 0.803 Hg(II)-(0) Hg2++2e-=Hg 0.851Si(IV)-(0) (quartz)SiO2+4H++4e-=Si+2H2O 0.857 Cu(II)-(I) Cu2++I-+e-=CuI 0.86N(III)-(I) 2HNO2+4H++4e-=H2N2O2+2H2O 0.86 Hg(II)-(I) 2Hg2++2e-=Hg22+0.920N(V)-(III) NO3-+3H++2e-=HNO2+H2O 0.934Pd(II)-(0) Pd2++2e-=Pd 0.951N(V)-(II) NO3-+4H++3e-=NO+2H2O 0.957N(III)-(II) HNO2+H++e-=NO+H2O 0.983I(I)-(-I) HIO+H++2e-=I-+H2O 0.987V(V)-(IV) VO2++2H++e-=VO2++H2O 0.991V(V)-(IV) V(OH)4++2H++e-=VO2++3H2O 1.00Au(III)-(0) [AuCl4]-+3e-=Au+4Cl- 1.002Te(VI)-(IV) H6TeO6+2H++2e-=TeO2+4H2O 1.02N(IV)-(II) N2O4+4H++4e-=2NO+2H2O 1.035N(IV)-(III) N2O4+2H++2e-=2HNO2 1.065I(V)-(-I) IO3-+6H++6e-=I-+3H2O 1.085Br(0)-(-I) Br2(aq)+2e-=2Br- 1.0873Se(VI)-(IV) SeO42-+4H++2e-=H2SeO3+H2O 1.151 Cl(V)-(IV) ClO3-+2H++e-=ClO2+H2O 1.152Pt(II)-(0) Pt2++2e-=Pt 1.18Cl(VII)-(V) ClO4-+2H++2e-=ClO3-+H2O 1.189I(V)-(0) 2IO3-+12H++10e-=I2+6H2O 1.195Cl(V)-(III) ClO3-+3H++2e-=HClO2+H2O 1.214Mn(IV)-(II) MnO2+4H++2e-=Mn2++2H2O 1.224O(0)-(-II) O2+4H++4e-=2H2O 1.229Tl(III)-(I) T13++2e-=Tl+ 1.252Cl(IV)-(III) ClO2+H++e-=HClO2 1.277N(III)-(I) 2HNO2+4H++4e-=N2O+3H2O 1.297**Cr(VI)-(III) Cr2O72-+14H++6e-=2Cr3++7H2O 1.33 Br(I)-(-I) HBrO+H++2e-=Br-+H2O 1.331Cr(VI)-(III) HCrO4-+7H++3e-=Cr3++4H2O 1.350Cl(0)-(-I) Cl2(g)+2e-=2Cl- 1.35827Cl(VII)-(-I) ClO4-+8H++8e-=Cl-+4H2O 1.389Cl(VII)-(0) ClO4-+8H++7e-=1/2Cl2+4H2O 1.39Au(III)-(I) Au3++2e-=Au+ 1.401Br(V)-(-I) BrO3-+6H++6e-=Br-+3H2O 1.423I(I)-(0) 2HIO+2H++2e-=I2+2H2O 1.439Cl(V)-(-I) ClO3-+6H++6e-=Cl-+3H2O 1.451Pb(IV)-(II) PbO2+4H++2e-=Pb2++2H2O 1.455Cl(V)-(0) ClO3-+6H++5e-=1/2Cl2+3H2O 1.47Cl(I)-(-I) HClO+H++2e-=Cl-+H2O 1.482Br(V)-(0) BrO3-+6H++5e-=l/2Br2+3H2O 1.482Au(III)-(0) Au3++3e-=Au 1.498Mn(VII)-(II) MnO4-+8H++5e-=Mn2++4H2O 1.507Mn(III)-(II) Mn3++e-=Mn2+ 1.5415Cl(III)-(-I) HClO2+3H++4e-=Cl-+2H2O 1.570Br(I)-(0) HBrO+H++e-=l/2Br2(aq)+H2O 1.574N(II)-(I) 2NO+2H++2e-=N2O+H2O 1.591I(VII)-(V) H5IO6+H++2e-=IO3-+3H2O 1.601Cl(I)-(0) HClO+H++e-=1/2Cl2+H2O 1.611Cl(III)-(I) HClO2+2H++2e-=HClO+H2O 1.645Ni(IV)-(II) NiO2+4H++2e-=Ni2++2H2O 1.678Mn(VII)-(IV) MnO4-+4H++3e-=MnO2+2H2O 1.679Pb(IV)-(II) PbO2+SO42-+4H++2e-=PbSO4+2H2O 1.6913 Au(I)-(0) Au++e-=Au 1.692Ce(IV)-(III) Ce4++e-=Ce3+ 1.72N(I)-(0) N2O+2H++2e-=N2+H2O 1.766O(-I)-(-II) H2O2+2H++2e-=2H2O 1.776Co(III)-(II) Co3++e-=Co2+(2mol·L-1 H2SO4) 1.83Ag(II)-(I) Ag2++e-=Ag+ 1.980S(VII)-(VI) S2O82-+2e-=2SO42- 2.010O(0)-(-II) O3+2H++2e-=O2+H2O 2.076O(II)-(-II) F2O+2H++4e-=H2O+2F- 2.153Fe(VI)-(III) FeO42-+8H++3e-=Fe3++4H2O 2.20O(0)-(-II) O(g)+2H++2e-=H2O 2.421F(0)-(-I) F2+2e-=2F- 2.866F2+2H++2e-=2HF 3.0532 在碱性溶液中(298K)电对方程式Eq/VCa(II)-(0) Ca(OH)2+2e-=Ca+2OH--3.02Ba(II)-(0) Ba(OH)2+2e-=Ba+2OH--2.99La(III)-(0) La(OH)3+3e-=La+3OH--2.90Sr(II)-(0) Sr(OH)2·8H2O+2e-=Sr+2OH-+8H2O -2.88Mg(II)-(0) Mg(OH)2+2e-=Mg+2OH--2.690Be(II)-(0) Be2O32-+3H2O+4e-=2Be+6OH--2.63Hf(IV)-(0) HfO(OH)2+H2O+4e-=Hf+4OH--2.50Zr(IV)-(0) H2ZrO3+H2O+4e-=Zr+4OH--2.36Al(III)-(0) H2AlO3-+H2O+3e-=Al+OH--2.33P(I)-(0) H2PO2-+e-=P+2OH--1.82B(III)-(0) H2BO3-+H2O+3e-=B+4OH--1.79P(III)-(0) HPO32-+2H2O+3e-=P+5OH--1.71Si(IV)-(0) SiO32-+3H2O+4e-=Si+6OH--1.697P(III)-(I) HPO32-+2H2O+2e-=H2PO2-+3OH--1.65Mn(II)-(0) Mn(OH)2+2e-=Mn+2OH--1.56Cr(III)-(0) Cr(OH)3+3e-=Cr+3OH--1.48*Zn(II)-(0) [Zn(CN)4]2-+2e-=Zn+4CN--1.26Zn(II)-(0) Zn(OH)2+2e-=Zn+2OH--1.249Ga(III)-(0) H2GaO3-+H2O+2e-=Ga+4OH--1.219Zn(II)-(0) ZnO22-+2H2O+2e-=Zn+4OH--1.215Cr(III)-(0) CrO2-+2H2O+3e-=Cr+4OH--1.2Te(0)-(-I) Te+2e-=Te2--1.143P(V)-(III) PO43-+2H2O+2e-=HPO32-+3OH--1.05*Zn(II)-(0) [Zn(NH3)4]2++2e-=Zn+4NH3 -1.04*W(VI)-(0) WO42-+4H2O+6e-=W+8OH--1.01*Ge(IV)-(0) HGeO3-+2H2O+4e-=Ge+5OH--1.0Sn(IV)-(II) [Sn(OH)6]2-+2e-=HSnO2-+H2O+3OH--0.93 S(VI)-(IV) SO42-+H2O+2e-=SO32-+2OH--0.93Se(0)-(-II) Se+2e-=Se2--0.924Sn(II)-(0) HSnO2-+H2O+2e-=Sn+3OH--0.909P(0)-(-III) P+3H2O+3e-=PH3(g)+3OH--0.87N(V)-(IV) 2NO3-+2H2O+2e-=N2O4+4OH--0.85H(I)-(0) 2H2O+2e-=H2+2OH--0.8277Cd(II)-(0) Cd(OH)2+2e-=Cd(Hg)+2OH--0.809Co(II)-(0) Co(OH)2+2e-=Co+2OH--0.73Ni(II)-(0) Ni(OH)2+2e-=Ni+2OH--0.72As(V)-(III) AsO43-+2H2O+2e-=AsO2-+4OH--0.71Ag(I)-(0) Ag2S+2e-=2Ag+S2--0.691As(III)-(0) AsO2-+2H2O+3e-=As+4OH--0.68Sb(III)-(0) SbO2-+2H2O+3e-=Sb+4OH--0.66*Re(VII)-(IV) ReO4-+2H2O+3e-=ReO2+4OH--0.59*Sb(V)-(III) SbO3-+H2O+2e-=SbO2-+2OH--0.59Re(VII)-(0) ReO4-+4H2O+7e-=Re+8OH--0.584*S(IV)-(II) 2SO32-+3H2O+4e-=S2O32-+6OH--0.58Te(IV)-(0) TeO32-+3H2O+4e-=Te+6OH--0.57Fe(III)-(II) Fe(OH)3+e-=Fe(OH)2+OH--0.56S(0)-(-II) S+2e-=S2--0.47627Bi(III)-(0) Bi2O3+3H2O+6e-=2Bi+6OH--0.46N(III)-(II) NO2-+H2O+e-=NO+2OH--0.46*Co(II)-C(0) [Co(NH3)6]2++2e-=Co+6NH3 -0.422Se(IV)-(0) SeO32-+3H2O+4e-=Se+6OH--0.366Cu(I)-(0) Cu2O+H2O+2e-=2Cu+2OH--0.360Tl(I)-(0) Tl(OH)+e-=Tl+OH--0.34*Ag(I)-(0) [Ag(CN)2]-+e-=Ag+2CN--0.31Cu(II)-(0) Cu(OH)2+2e-=Cu+2OH--0.222Cr(VI)-(III) CrO42-+4H2O+3e-=Cr(OH)3+5OH--0.13 *Cu(I)-(0) [Cu(NH3)2]++e-=Cu+2NH3 -0.12O(0)-(-I) O2+H2O+2e-=HO2-+OH--0.076Ag(I)-(0) AgCN+e-=Ag+CN--0.017N(V)-(III) NO3-+H2O+2e-=NO2-+2OH-0.01Se(VI)-(IV) SeO42-+H2O+2e-=SeO32-+2OH-0.05 Pd(II)-(0) Pd(OH)2+2e-=Pd+2OH-0.07S(II,V)-(II) S4O62-+2e-=2S2O32-0.08Hg(II)-(0) HgO+H2O+2e-=Hg+2OH-0.0977Co(III)-(II) [Co(NH3)6]3++e-=[Co(NH3)6]2+0.108Pt(II)-(0) Pt(OH)2+2e-=Pt+2OH-0.14Co(III)-(II) Co(OH)3+e-=Co(OH)2+OH-0.17Pb(IV)-(II) PbO2+H2O+2e-=PbO+2OH-0.247I(V)-(-I) IO3-+3H2O+6e-=I-+6OH-0.26Cl(V)-(III) ClO3-+H2O+2e-=ClO2-+2OH-0.33Ag(I)-(0) Ag2O+H2O+2e-=2Ag+2OH-0.342Fe(III)-(II) [Fe(CN)6]3-+e-=[Fe(CN)6]4-0.358Cl(VII)-(V) ClO4-+H2O+2e-=ClO3-+2OH-0.36*Ag(I)-(0) [Ag(NH3)2]++e-=Ag+2NH3 0.373O(0)-(-II) O2+2H2O+4e-=4OH-0.401I(I)-(-I) IO-+H2O+2e-=I-+2OH-0.485*Ni(IV)-(II) NiO2+2H2O+2e-=Ni(OH)2+2OH-0.490Mn(VII)-(VI) MnO4-+e-=MnO42-0.558Mn(VII)-(IV) MnO4-+2H2O+3e-=MnO2+4OH-0.595 Mn(VI)-(IV) MnO42-+2H2O+2e-=MnO2+4OH-0.60Ag(II)-(I) 2AgO+H2O+2e-=Ag2O+2OH-0.607Br(V)-(-I) BrO3-+3H2O+6e-=Br-+6OH-0.61Cl(V)-(-I) ClO3-+3H2O+6e-=Cl-+6OH-0.62Cl(III)-(I) ClO2-+H2O+2e-=ClO-+2OH-0.66I(VII)-(V) H3IO62-+2e-=IO3-+3OH-0.7Cl(III)-(-I) ClO2-+2H2O+4e-=Cl-+4OH-0.76Br(I)-(-I) BrO-+H2O+2e-=Br-+2OH-0.761Cl(I)-(-I) ClO-+H2O+2e-=Cl-+2OH-0.841*Cl(IV)-(III) ClO2(g)+e-=ClO2-0.95O(0)-(-II) O3+H2O+2e-=O2+2OH- 1.24标准电极电势表半反应E°(V) 来源& -9Zz 9N N2(g) + H+ + e− HN3(aq) -3.09 [6]Li+ + e− Li(s) -3.0401 [5]N2(g) + 4H2O + 2e− 2N H2OH(aq) + 2OH− -3.04 [6] Cs+ + e− Cs(s) -3.026 [5]Rb+ + e− Rb(s) -2.98 [4]K+ + e− K(s) -2.931 [5]Ba2+ + 2e− Ba(s) -2.912 [5]La(OH)3(s) + 3e− La(s) + 3OH− -2.90 [5]Sr2+ + 2e−Sr(s) -2.899 [5]Ca2+ + 2e− Ca(s) -2.868 [5]Eu2+ + 2e− Eu(s) -2.812 [5]Ra2+ + 2e− Ra(s) -2.8 [5]Na+ + e− Na(s) -2.71 [5][9]La3+ + 3e− La(s) -2.379 [5]Y3+ + 3e− Y(s) -2.372 [5]Mg2+ + 2e− Mg(s) -2.372 [5]ZrO(OH)2(s) + H2O + 4e− Zr(s) + 4OH− -2.36 [5]Al(OH)4− + 3e− Al(s) + 4OH− -2.33Al(OH)3(s) + 3e− Al(s) + 3OH− -2.31H2(g) + 2e− 2H− -2.25Ac3+ + 3e− Ac(s) -2.20Be2+ + 2e− Be(s) -1.85U3+ + 3e− U(s) -1.66 [7]Al3+ + 3e− Al(s) -1.66 [9]Ti2+ + 2e− Ti(s) -1.63 [9]ZrO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− Zr(s) + 2H2O -1.553 [5]Zr4+ + 4e− Zr(s) -1.45 [5]TiO(s) + 2H+ + 2e− Ti(s) + H2O -1.31Ti2O3(s) + 2H+ + 2e− 2T iO(s) + H2O -1.23Ti3+ + 3e− Ti(s) -1.21Te(s) + 2e− Te2− -1.143 [2]V2+ + 2e− V(s) -1.13 [2]Nb3+ + 3e− Nb(s) -1.099Sn(s) + 4H+ + 4e− SnH4(g) -1.07Mn2+ + 2e− Mn(s) -1.029 [9]SiO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− Si(s) + 2H2O -0.91B(OH)3(aq) + 3H+ + 3e− B(s) + 3H2O -0.89TiO2+ + 2H+ + 4e− Ti(s) + H2O -0.86Bi(s) + 3H+ + 3e− BiH3 -0.8H2H2O + 2e− H2(g) + 2OH− -0.8277 [5]Zn2+ + 2e− Zn(Hg) -0.7628 [5]Zn2+ + 2e− Zn(s) -0.7618 [5]Ta2O5(s) + 10H+ + 10e− 2T a(s) + 5H2O -0.75Cr3+ + 3e− Cr(s) -0.74Au[Au(CN)2]− + e− Au(s) + 2C N− -0.60Ta3+ + 3e− Ta(s) -0.6PbO(s) + H2O + 2e− Pb(s) + 2OH− -0.58Ti2T iO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e− Ti2O3(s) + H2O -0.56Ga3+ + 3e− Ga(s) -0.53U4+ + e− U3+ -0.52 [7]P H3PO2(aq) + H+ + e− P(白磷[10]) + 2H2O -0.508 [5]P H3PO3(aq) + 2H+ + 2e− H3PO2(aq) + H2O -0.499 [5] P H3PO3(aq) + 3H+ + 3e− P(红磷)[10] + 3H2O -0.454 [5] Fe2+ + 2e− Fe(s) -0.44 [9]C2C O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− HOOCCOOH(aq) -0.43Cr3+ + e− Cr2+ -0.42Cd2+ + 2e− Cd(s) -0.40 [9]GeO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e− GeO(s) + H2O -0.37Cu2O(s) + H2O + 2e− 2C u(s) + 2O H− -0.360 [5]PbSO4(s) + 2e− Pb(s) + SO42− -0.3588 [5]PbSO4(s) + 2e− Pb(Hg) + SO42− -0.3505 [5]Eu3+ + e− Eu2+ -0.35 [7]In3+ + 3e− In(s) 0.34 [2]Tl+ + e− Tl(s) -0.34 [2]Ge(s) + 4H+ + 4e− GeH4(g) -0.29Co2+ + 2e− Co(s) -0.28 [5]P H3PO4(aq) + 2H+ + 2e− H3PO3(aq) + H2O -0.276 [5] V3+ + e− V2+ 0.26 [9]Ni2+ + 2e− Ni(s) -0.25As(s) + 3H+ + 3e− AsH3(g) -0.23 [2]MoO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− Mo(s) + 2H2O -0.15Si(s) + 4H+ + 4e− SiH4(g) -0.14Sn2+ + 2e− Sn(s) -0.13O2(g) + H+ + e− HO2•(aq) -0.13Pb2+ + 2e− Pb(s) -0.13 [9]WO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− W(s) + 2H2O -0.12P(红磷) + 3H+ + 3e− PH3(g) -0.111 [5]C CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− HCOOH(aq) -0.11Se(s) + 2H+ + 2e− H2Se(g) -0.11C CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− CO(g) + H2O -0.11SnO(s) + 2H+ + 2e− Sn(s) + H2O -0.10SnO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e− SnO(s) + H2O -0.09WO3(aq) + 6H+ + 6e− W(s) + 3H2O -0.09 [2]P(白磷) + 3H+ + 3e− PH3(g) -0.063 [5]C HCOOH(aq) + 2H+ + 2e− HCHO(aq) + H2O -0.03 H 2H+ + 2e− H2(g) ≡ 0S4O62− + 2e− 2S2O32− +0.08Fe3O4(s) + 8H+ + 8e− 3F e(s) + 4H2O +0.085 [8]N2(g) + 2H2O + 6H+ + 6e− 2N H4OH(aq) +0.092 HgO(s) + H2O + 2e− H g(l) + 2O H− +0.0977Cu(NH3)42+ + e− Cu(NH3)2+ + 2N H3 +0.10 [2]Ru(NH3)63+ + e− Ru(NH3)62+ +0.10 [7]N2H4(aq) + 4H2O + 2e− 2N H4+ + 4O H− +0.11 [6] Mo H2MoO4(aq) + 6H+ + 6e− Mo(s) + 4H2O +0.11 Ge4+ + 4e− Ge(s) +0.12C(s) + 4H+ + 4e− CH4(g) +0.13 [2]C HCHO(aq) + 2H+ + 2e− CH3OH(aq) +0.13S(s) + 2H+ + 2e− H2S(g) +0.14Sn4+ + 2e− Sn2+ +0.15Cu2+ + e− Cu+ +0.159 [2]S HSO4− + 3H+ + 2e− SO2(aq) + 2H2O +0.16UO22+ + e− UO2+ +0.163 [7]S SO42− + 4H+ + 2e− SO2(aq) + 2H2O +0.17TiO2+ + 2H+ + e− Ti3+ + H2O +0.19Bi3+ + 2e− Bi+ +0.2SbO+ + 2H+ + 3e− Sb(s) + H2O +0.20As H3AsO3(aq) + 3H+ + 3e− As(s) + 3H2O +0.24 GeO(s) + 2H+ + 2e− Ge(s) + H2O +0.26UO2+ + 4H+ + e− U4+ + 2H2O +0.273 [7]Re3+ + 3e− Re(s) +0.300Bi3+ + 3e− Bi(s) +0.32VO2+ + 2H+ + e− V3+ + H2O +0.34Cu2+ + 2e− Cu(s) +0.340 [2]Fe [Fe(CN)6]3− + e− [Fe(CN)6]4− +0.36O2(g) + 2H2O + 4e− 4OH−(aq) +0.40 [9]Mo H2MoO4 + 6H+ + 3e− Mo3+ +2H2O +0.43Bi+ + e− Bi(s) +0.50C CH3OH(aq) + 2H+ + 2e− CH4(g) + H2O +0.50S SO2(aq) + 4H+ + 4e− S(s) + 2H2O +0.50Cu+ + e− Cu(s) +0.520 [2]C CO(g) + 2H+ + 2e− C(s) + H2O +0.52I2(s) + 2e− 2I− +0.54 [9]I3− + 2e− 3I− +0.53 [9]Au [AuI4]− + 3e− Au(s) + 4I− +0.56As H3AsO4(aq) + 2H+ + 2e− H3AsO3(aq) + H2O +0.56 Au [AuI2]− + e− Au(s) + 2I− +0.58MnO4− + 2H2O + 3e− MnO2(s) + 4O H− +0.59S2O32−+ 6H+ + 4e− 2S(s) + 3H2O +0.60Mo H2MoO4(aq) + 2H+ + 2e− MoO2(s) + 2H2O +0.65 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− H2O2(aq) +0.70Tl3+ + 3e− Tl(s) +0.72PtCl62− + 2e− PtCl42− + 2C l− +0.726 [7]Se H2SeO3(aq) + 4H+ + 4e− Se(s) + 3H2O +0.74PtCl42− + 2e− Pt(s) + 4C l− +0.758 [7]Fe3+ + e− Fe2+ +0.77Ag+ + e− Ag(s) +0.7996 [5]Hg22+ + 2e− 2H g(l) +0.80N NO3−(aq) + 2H+ + e− NO2(g) + H2O +0.80Au [AuBr4]− + 3e− Au(s) + 4B r− +0.85Hg2+ + 2e− Hg(l) +0.85MnO4− + H+ + e− HMnO4− +0.90Hg 2H g2+ + 2e− Hg22+ +0.91 [2]Pd2+ + 2e− Pd(s) +0.915 [7]Au [AuCl4]− + 3e− Au(s) + 4C l− +0.93MnO2(s) + 4H+ + e− Mn3+ + 2H2O +0.95Au [AuBr2]− + e− Au(s) + 2B r− +0.96Br2(l) + 2e− 2B r− +1.07Br2(aq) + 2e− 2B r− +1.09 [9]I IO3− + 5H+ + 4e− HIO(aq) + 2H2O +1.13Au [AuCl2]− + e− Au(s) + 2C l− +1.15Se HSeO4− + 3H+ + 2e− H2SeO3(aq) + H2O +1.15 Ag2O(s) + 2H+ + 2e− 2A g(s) + H2O +1.17ClO3− + 2H+ + e− ClO2(g) + H2O +1.18Pt2+ + 2e− Pt(s) +1.188 [7]ClO2(g) + H+ + e− HClO2(aq) +1.19I 2I O3− + 12H+ + 10e− I2(s) + 6H2O +1.20ClO4− + 2H+ + 2e− ClO3− + H2O +1.20O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e− 2H2O +1.23 [9]MnO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− Mn2+ + 2H2O +1.23Tl3+ + 2e− Tl+ +1.25Cl2(g) + 2e− 2C l− +1.36 [9]Cr2O7−−+ 14H+ + 6e− 2C r3+ + 7H2O +1.33CoO2(s) + 4H+ + e− Co3+ + 2H2O +1.42N 2N H3OH+ + H+ + 2e− N2H5+ + 2H2O +1.42 [6]I 2H IO(aq) + 2H+ + 2e− I2(s) + 2H2O +1.44Ce4+ + e− Ce3+ +1.44BrO3− + 5H+ + 4e− HBrO(aq) + 2H2O +1.45PbO β-PbO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− Pb2+ + 2H2O +1.460 [2] PbO α-PbO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− Pb2+ + 2H2O +1.468 [2] Br 2B rO3− + 12H+ + 10e− Br2(l) + 6H2O +1.48Cl 2ClO3− + 12H+ + 10e− Cl2(g) + 6H2O +1.49MnO4− + 8H+ + 5e− Mn2+ + 4H2O +1.51O HO2• + H+ + e− H2O2(aq) +1.51Au3+ + 3e− Au(s) +1.52NiO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− Ni2+ + 2OH− +1.59Cl 2H ClO(aq) + 2H+ + 2e− Cl2(g) + 2H2O +1.63Ag2O3(s) + 6H+ + 4e− 2A g+ + 3H2O +1.67Cl HClO2(aq) + 2H+ + 2e− HClO(aq) + H2O +1.67Pb4+ + 2e− Pb2+ +1.69 [2]MnO4− + 4H+ + 3e− MnO2(s) + 2H2O +1.70O H2O2(aq) + 2H+ + 2e− 2H2O +1.78AgO(s) + 2H+ + e− Ag+ + H2O +1.77Co3+ + e− Co2+ +1.82Au+ + e− Au(s) +1.83 [2]BrO4− + 2H+ + 2e− BrO3− + H2O +1.85Ag2+ + e− Ag+ +1.98 [2]S2O82− + 2e− 2SO42− +2.07O3(g) + 2H+ + 2e− O2(g) + H2O +2.075 [7]Mn HMnO4− + 3H+ + 2e− MnO2(s) + 2H2O +2.09 F2(g) + 2e− 2F− +2.87 [2][9]F2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− 2H F(aq) +3.05 [2]。