自考英美文学选读学习总结
英美文学选读自考重点
英美文学选读自考重点英美文学选读是自考中一门重要且富有魅力的课程，它涵盖了英国和美国文学发展历程中的众多经典作品和重要作家。
对于自考生来说，掌握重点内容是顺利通过考试的关键。
以下将为您详细介绍英美文学选读自考的重点。
一、英国文学部分1、古英语时期与中世纪文学这一时期的重点是了解英国文学的起源和早期发展。
比如，《贝奥武甫》是英国文学史上第一部重要的史诗，要理解其主题、结构和语言特点。
另外，乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》也是重点，需掌握其对人物的刻画、叙事技巧以及反映的社会现实。
2、文艺复兴时期文学文艺复兴时期的英国文学成就斐然。
威廉·莎士比亚是重中之重，他的戏剧作品如《哈姆雷特》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《麦克白》等，要深入研究其人物塑造、情节设置、主题思想以及对人性、命运、爱情等问题的探讨。
同时，还需了解这一时期其他重要作家如托马斯·莫尔的《乌托邦》。
3、 17 世纪文学这一时期的玄学派诗歌和清教徒文学是重点。
约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌以奇特的比喻和复杂的思维著称，要理解其诗歌的独特风格和思想内涵。
而弥尔顿的《失乐园》《复乐园》等作品，则要把握其宗教主题和史诗般的气魄。
4、 18 世纪文学启蒙运动时期的英国文学注重现实和理性。
丹尼尔·笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》是必读作品，要分析主人公的形象和作品所反映的殖民主义、个人奋斗等主题。
此外，乔纳森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》也是重点，理解其讽刺手法和对社会现象的批判。
5、 19 世纪浪漫主义文学浪漫主义时期的诗人如威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治、拜伦、雪莱和济慈的作品都需要认真研读。
了解他们各自的诗歌风格、主题以及对自然、爱情、自由等的追求。
同时，简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》也是常考内容，要分析其细腻的人物描写和婚姻爱情观。
6、 19 世纪现实主义文学查尔斯·狄更斯的作品在这一时期占据重要地位，如《雾都孤儿》《大卫·科波菲尔》《双城记》等，要理解其对社会现实的批判和对人性的关怀。
自考英美文学选读_重点总结【英国】Chapter 5 The Modern Period现代时期
【英国】Chapter 5 The Modern Period现代时期1. The once sun-never-set Empire finally collapsed.日不落帝国终于日薄西山了。
2. Arthur Schopenhauer, a pessimistic philosopher, started a rebellion against rationalism, stressing the importance of will and intuition.德国哲学家亚瑟.叔本华的悲观主义与反理性哲学强调了人的意愿与直觉的重要性。
3. Friedrich Nietzsche advocated the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality.尼采继承了叔本华的理论后，更进一步的反叛理性主义与基督教精神，推崇强权与霸权。
4. Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy, which put the emphasis on creation, intuition, irrationality and unconsciousness.亨利.伯格森在前人基础上创立了非理性哲学，强调创造力，直觉，非理性与无意识。
5. The appalling shock of the First World War severely destroyed people’s faith in the Victorian values.一战的毁灭性灾难摧垮了人们对维多利亚道德标准的信奉。
6. The French symbolism, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded modernism.19世纪晚期法国的象征主义预示了现代主义的诞生。
新大纲自考《英美文学选读》笔记总结-背完必过
新大纲自考《英美文学选读》笔记总结-背完必过(总65页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--《英美文学选读》笔记背完必过Part One: English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English LiteratureI Understanding and application: (理解应用)1. England’s inhabitants are Celts. And it is conquered by Romans, Anglo Saxons and Normans. The Anglo-Saxons brought the Germanic language and culture to England, while Normans brought the Mediterranean civilization, including Greek culture, Rome law and the Christian religion. It is the cultural influence of these two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature.2. The old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman conquest of England.3. The old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups: The religious group and the secular one4. Beowulf: a typical example of Old English poetry is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. It is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.5. After the Norman’s conquest, three languages co-existed in England. French is the official language that is used by king and the Norman lords. Latin is the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities. Old English was spoken only by the common English people.6. In the second half of 14th century, English literature started to flourish with the appearance of writers like Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Gower, and othersII Recite: (识记再现)1. Romance:①It uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.②It has developed the characteristic medieval motifs of the quest, the test, the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved.③The hero is usually the knight, who sets out on a journey to accomplish some missions. There are often mysteries and fantasies in romance.④Romantic love is an important part of the plot in romance.Characterization is standardized, While the structure is loose and episodic, the language is simple and straightforward.⑤The importance of the romance itself can be seen as a means of showing medieval aristocratic men and women in relation to their idealized view of the world.2. Heroic couplet:Heroic couplet is a rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. It is Chaucer who used it for the first time in English in his work The Legend of Good Woman.3. The theme of Beowulf:The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. The poem is an example of the mingling of the nature myths and heroic legends.4. The Wife of Bath in The Canterbury Tales:The Wife of Bath is depicted as the new bourgeois wife asserting her independence. Chaucer develops his characterization to a higher artistic level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.5. Chaucer’s achievement:①He presented a comprehensive realistic picture of his age and created a whole gallery of vivid characters in his works, especially in The Canterbury Tales.②He anticipated a new ear, the Renaissance, to come under the influence of the Italian writers.③He developed his characterization to a higher level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.④He greatly contributed to the maturing of English poetry. Today, Chaucer’s reputation has beensecurely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and humanity.6. “The F ather of English poetry”:Originally, Old English poems are mainly alliterative verses with few variations.①Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace it.②In The Romaunt of the Rose (玫瑰传奇), he first introduced to the English the octosyllabic couplet (八音节对偶句).③In The Legend of Good Women, he used for the first time in English heroic couplet.④And in his masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales, he employed heroic couplet with true ease and charmfor the first time in the history of English literature.⑤His art made him one of the greatest poets in English; John Dryden called him “the father of Englishpoetry”.【例题】The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________. (0704)A. William Langland’s Piers PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower’s Confession AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight【答案】B【解析】本题考查的是中世纪时期几位诗人作品的创作主题和创作范围。
自考英美文学心得体会
自考英美文学心得体会作为一个非英语专业的自考生，选择了英美文学作为选修课程，确实是一次非常愉快和有收获的学习经历。
通过学习英美文学，我对英美文学的发展历程、作家的创作风格和文学作品的内涵有了更深入的了解和体会。
下面，我将分享自己的心得和体会。
首先，学习英美文学让我对英美文学的发展历程有了更为清晰的认识。
我了解到英美文学起源于古代的民间诗歌和史诗，随着时间的推移，逐渐发展成为包含各个时期和风格的丰富文化瑰宝。
从中世纪的文艺复兴到当代的现代主义和后现代主义，英美文学一直在不断演变和创新。
通过学习不同时期的代表作品，我深刻体会到不同时期的社会背景和文化环境对作品创作和表达方式的影响。
例如，在维多利亚时期，社会的道德观念和伦理价值观对作品中人物的塑造和故事的展开产生了深远影响。
这让我深刻认识到文学作品不仅仅是一种艺术形式，更是反映社会和时代的表达方式。
其次，学习英美文学不仅让我了解到了众多优秀作家的创作风格，更让我受益匪浅。
无论是莎士比亚的戏剧、狄更斯的小说还是弗洛伊德的心理学研究，每个作家都有自己独特的表达方式和创作特点。
通过学习他们的作品，我不仅对英美文学的优秀传统有了更深入的了解，也从中汲取到了一些创作的灵感和技巧。
比如，我学到了如何写一篇更具有张力和冲击力的文章；如何根据角色的特点和背景塑造个性鲜明的形象；如何运用符号、暗示等手法进行隐喻的表达。
这些都是我在学习中获得的宝贵的财富，对我的写作提升起到了积极的促进作用。
最重要的是，通过学习英美文学，我深刻认识到文学作品的内涵和意义，并从中汲取到了一些人生的智慧和启发。
艺术家通过作品展示和探讨了人类生活的意义和困境，引发读者对自己和世界的思考。
通过阅读作品，我们可以感受到作家的心灵触动和情感表达，进而思考人生的意义和价值。
英美文学作为世界文学的重要组成部分，不仅展示了英美人民的文化和思想，更具有普世的人性关怀和思考。
比如，爱默生的《自助》启发我们勇敢面对人生困境，追求自我实现；萨曼塔·霍尔的《爱与幸福的密码》则引导我们思考人际关系和情感交流的重要性。
科目英美文学学习总结
科目英美文学学习总结在过去的学期中，我有幸学习了英美文学这门课程。
通过探索英国和美国文学的经典作品，我深入了解了西方文化和人文精神。
在此，我将总结我在这门课上所学到的知识和收获。
首先，我学会了欣赏和理解英美文学的独特之处。
在课堂上，我们一起读了众多著名的英美文学作品，如莎士比亚的戏剧、狄更斯的小说、弗农的诗歌等等。
通过阅读和讨论，我更加深刻地领悟到英美文学中包含的深邃思想和情感。
每一部作品都像一扇窗户，打开我对不同时代和不同文化的认知。
我学会了欣赏不同的文学风格和艺术手法，以及作者通过文学作品传递的思想和情感。
这些作品的背后蕴含着丰富的历史、社会和文化背景，使我对英美文学产生了浓厚的兴趣和深深的敬意。
其次，这门课程培养了我的文学分析能力。
在课堂上，我们学习了如何解读文学作品，并且通过写作论文和参与讨论来展示我们的思考。
我学会了挖掘文本中的细微细节，揭示作者的意图和主题。
通过学习不同的批评和分析方法，我能够更加全面地理解文学作品的内涵和外延。
这不仅提升了我的阅读理解能力，还开拓了我的思维方式和批判思维能力。
我会运用这些分析技巧去欣赏更多的文学作品，深入探究其中的意义和价值。
此外，英美文学课程也增强了我的跨文化交流能力。
通过学习英美文学，我对这两个国家的历史、社会和文化有了更深入的了解。
我学会了尊重和欣赏不同文化背景下的文学作品，并从中领悟到更广阔的人类共通性。
这种跨文化的认知和理解是我在现今全球化社会中交流和合作的重要基础。
我相信，通过学习英美文学，我不仅仅提高了自己的语言和文学水平，同时也培养了更广泛的国际视野和文化素养。
最后，学习英美文学让我体验了一种深度的阅读和思考的乐趣。
在阅读经典的英美文学作品时，我不仅仅享受到了文字的魅力，更深陷其中，与作者进行了一次心灵的对话。
每一次阅读都是一次心灵的冥想，带给我启示和思考。
我发现，通过阅读和理解文学作品，我可以更好地理解自己和他人，更好地面对生活中的困惑和挑战。
自考英美文学选读要点总结第一章
Chapter I The Renaissance PeriodDefinitions of the Literary Terms: 文艺复兴时期的界定1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medie val to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14 th & 17th centuries. 历史文化背景It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to emb race the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means "rebirth" or "reviva l," is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture, the new discoverie s in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expa nsion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence is a historical period in whic h the European humanist thinkers & scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that e xpressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, & to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.2. 文艺复兴到英国比较晚的原因The Renaissance was slow in reaching England not only because of England‟s separation from the Continent but also be cause of its domestic unrest. It was not until the reign of Henry VIII that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England. With Henry VII I‟s encouragement the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduc ed classical literature to England. 15th century, began the English Renaissa nce, which was perhaps England‟s Golden Age, especially in literature.人文主义H umanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient author s and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its consci ous, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on s uch a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new l earning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, b ut the human values represented in the works. Renaissance humanists fou nd in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see th at human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they inhabited was thei rs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizin g the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the bea uty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wond ers. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the b est representatives of the English humanists.The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimi lation.Petrarch was regarded as the fountainhead of literature by the English writ ers. For it was Petrarch and his successors who established the language o f love and sharply distinguished the love poetry of the Renaissance from it s counterparts in the ancient world . Wyatt and Surrey began engraving th e forms and graces of Italian poetry upon the native stock. While the form er introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England , the latter bought in bla nk verse. And Marlowe gave new vigor to the blank verse with his …mighty lines‟. In the early stage of the Renaissance, poetry and poetic drama we re the most outstanding literary forms and they were carried on especially by Shakespeare and Ben Jonson. The Elizabethan drama is the real main stream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Ren aissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben J onson.Please state Shakespeare‟s views on the Renaissance literature. Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance view on literature. He holds th at literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and s hould reflect nature and reality. Based on this consideration, he has claimed trough the mouth of Hamlet that the …end‟of dramatic creation is to give faithful reflection of the social realities of the time. Shakespeare also sta tes that literary works which have truly reflected nature and reality can re ach immortality. From his sonnets, we can find quite a few examples in w hich Shakespeare sings the immortality of poetry.Ⅲ. William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare was the greatest writer of plays who ever lived. His f riend & fellow playwright Ben Jonson said that Shakespeare was "not of a n age but for all time." The 18th-century English essayist Samuel Johnson described his work as "the mirror of life." The 19th-century English poet S amuel Taylor Coleridge spoke of "myriad-minded Shakespeare." The 20th-c entury English dramatist George Bernard Shaw stressed his "enormous po wer over language."He has 38 plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems.领会His Influence1) Contributions to languageMany words and commonly used phrases have been added to everyday En glish vocabulary through their appearance in Shakespeare's works.2) Effects on literatureShakespeare's plays & poetry have had a pervasive influence on world liter ature. Most of the great literary figures of the world have been inspired &stimulated by his achievement.On the whole, however, Shakespeare's contribution has been to the langua ge & spirit of later writing rather than to its form. References & parallels t o Shakespeare's phraseology have occurred in literature since the 16th cen tury.Perhaps the greatest inspiration to subsequent authors has been Shakespe are's capacity to depict life in all its complexity & to illuminate man's char acter & destiny.What did Shakespeare criticize in his plays?The conscientious playwright criticized various kinds of human vices and si ns , like greed, betrayal, pride, prejudice and deception, including acts of social inequality, sexual and racial discriminations in plays such as The Mer chant of Venice and The Tempest. In his tragedies, he condemned the hyp ocrisy, treachery and general corruption at the royal court. He does not he sitate to describe the cruelty and anti-natural character of the wars , agai nst religious persecution and the corrupting influence of money and gold. In King Lear , he criticized the bourgeois egoism while he feared anarchy, hated rebellion and despised democracy.Why is Hamlet so impressive in Shakespeare‟s Hamlet?The hero Hamlet in Shakespeare‟s plays noted for his hesitation to take hi s revenge, his melancholy nature of action only to deny possibilities to do anything. He came to know that his father was murdered by his uncle wh o became king. He hated his so deeply that he wanted to kill him. But he loved his widowed mother who later married his uncle. This made him de ep in trouble. When he planned to kill his uncle, and he was afraid to hurt his mother. And also, when everything was ready for him to kill his uncle, he forgave him for his uncle was praying to God for his crime. Thus he l ost the good chance. Hamlet represented humanism of his time.What are the main themes of Shakespeare’s plays?参考答案：Shakespeare’s plays are divided into 3 types: comedies, trage dies and historical plays.1) His historical plays are with the theme-----national unity under a might and just sovereign/ruler is necessary.2) In his romantic comedies, he takes an optimistic attitude toward love fr iendship and youth.3) In his tragedies, Shakespeare always portrays some noble heroes, who faces the injustice of life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fa te is closely connected with the fate of his nation. Each hero has his weak ness of nature. We also see the conflict between the individual and the evi l force in the society. And his major characters are always individuals repr esenting certain types.Four periods of his dramatic career:1. The first period was one of apprenticeship. He wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus泰托斯*安东尼; four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentleman of Verona, 维罗纳二绅士The Taming of the Shrew, and Love‟s Labour‟s Lost.2. In the second period, his style and approach became highly individualiz ed. He made subtle comments on a variety of human foibles. He wrote fiv e histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Part I and II, and Henry V; si x comedies: A Midsummer Night‟s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much A do About Nothing,无事生非As You Like It皆大欢喜, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesa r.3. His third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark c omedies: tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleo patra,安东尼与克里奥佩特拉Troilus and Cressida特洛伊勒斯与克里希达, and Cori olanus科里奥拉那斯. two comedies: All‟s Well That Ends Well终成眷属and M easure for Measure.一报还一报4. The last period includes his principal romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, 伯利克利Cymbeline,辛白林The Winter‟s Tale and The Tempest; and his two final plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.两位贵族亲戚His authen tic non-dramatic poetry consists of two long narrative poems: Venus and A donis and The Rape of Lucrece, and his sequence of 154 sonnets.Try to analyze the character Hamlet?Hamlet is neither a frail and weak minded youth nor a thoughtsick dreame r. He has none of the single minded blood lust of the earlier revengers. It is not because he is incapable of action, but because the cast of his mind is so speculative, so questioning and so contemplative that action, when i t finally comes, seems almost like defeat. Trapped in a nightmare world of spying, testing and plotting , and apparently bearing the intolerable burde n of the duty to revenge his father‟s death, Hamlet is obliged to inhabit ashadow world ,to live suspended between fact and fiction, language and ac tion. His life is one of constant role playing, examining the nature of actio n only to deny its possibility, for he is too sophisticated to degrade his n ature to conventional role of a stage revenger. By characterizing Hamlet, S hakespear successfully makes a philosophical exploration of life and death. Hamlet is also a humanist, a man who is free from medieval prejudices a nd superstitions. He has an unbounded love for the world rather than hea ven. He cherishes a profound reverence for man and a firm belief in man‟s power over destiny.Discuss his art of creations.(1)His major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they are individuals representing certain types. Each character has his or her own personalities; meanwhile, they may share features with others.(2) By applying a psycho-analytical approach, Shakespeare succeeds in ex ploring the character‟s inner mind.(3) Shakespeare seldom invents his own plots; instead, he borrows them f rom some old plays or storybooks.(4) In his writings, disguise is also an important device to create dramatic irony, usually with woman disguised as man.(5) He often wrote skillfully in different poetic forms , like the sonnet, the blank verse, and the rhymed couplet.4. 领会His Major Works1) DramaA. The Merchant of VeniceTheme: to praise the friendship between Antonio & Bassanio, to idealize P ortia as a heroine of great beauty, wit & loyalty, & to expose the insatiabl e greed & brutality of the Jew.Plot: The play has a double plot (P39)B. HamletHamlet is generally regarded as Shakespeare's most popular play on the st age, for it has the qualities of a "blood-and-thunder" thriller & a philosophi cal exploration of life & death. And the timeless appeal of this mighty dra ma lies in its combination of intrigue, emotional conflict & searching philos ophic melancholy.C. The TempestThe Tempest, an elaborate & fantastic story, is known as the best of his fi nal romances. The characters are rather allegorical & the subject full of suggestion. The humanly impossible events can be seen occurring everywher e, in the play. The playwright resorts to the supernatural atmosphere & to the dreams to solve the conflict. To Shakespeare, the whole life is no mo re than a dream. Thus, The Tempest is a typical example of his pessimistic view towards human life & society in his late years.2) PoemsA. SonnetsThe first 126 sonnets are apparently addressed to a handsome young nobleman, presumably the author's patron. The poems express the writer's selfless but not entirely uncritical devotion to the young man.Twenty of the sonnets are about a young woman characterized as a " dark lady," whom the poet distrust but cannot resist. The poems addressed directly to her are perhaps the most remarkable in the sequence because their unsentimental tone is unlike that of traditional love sonnets.A philosophical theme that appears in many of the sonnets is that of ti me as the destroyer of all mortal things. Also expressed in the poems is t he author's disillusionment with the false ness of earthly life.The form of the poems is the English Variation of the traditional Italian, or Petrarchan, sonnet, Shakespeare's sonnets have three quatrains, or gr oups of four lines, & a final couplet. Their rhyme scheme is abab, cdcd, ef ef, gg. A theme is developed & elaborated in the quatrains, & a concluding thought is presented in the couplet.7. 应用Selected Readings1) Sonnet 18Theme: a profound meditation on the destructive power of time & the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves.Imagery: a summer's day-youththe eye of heaven-the sun2) The Merchant of VeniceTheme: To praise the friendship between Antonio & Bassanio, to idealiz e Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit & loyalty, & to expose the insati able greed and brutality of the Jew.3) HamletThis is one part of Hamlet's most famous monologue. Hamlet, facing t he dilemma of action & mind, is hesitating whether he should revenge for his father, which may bring him death, or he should suffer & hide his hatr ed for his uncle in his deep heart, which may secure his life.Ⅵ. John MiltonAccording to the setting of the poem Paradise Lost , discuss the theme, th e author‟s intention to create it and the implication that the poem express es.(1)The theme of the poem Paradise Lost is the …Fall of Man‟, i.e. man‟s dis obedience and the loss of Paradise, with its prime cause-----Satan.(2)The author‟s intention to write this poem is to expose the ways of Sata n and to …justify th ways of God to men‟.(3)In this poem, the author implicitly expresses his fundamental concern w ith freedom and choice and his belief that the unquestionable truth of Bibli cal revelation means that an all knowing God was just in allowing Adam a nd Eve to be tempted and of their free will choose sin and its inevitable p unishment.1.一般识记Brief IntroductionJohn Milton, English poet & prose writer, born in London, England, Dec. 9, 1608, and died in London, Nov 8, 1674.Milton was one of the greatest poets in the English language & one of the towering figures in all literature. His masterpiece, Paradise Lost, is con sidered the unsurpassed English epic poem. It is a powerfully imaginative & dramatic work, based in part on the Biblical story of the temptation & fa ll of Adam & Eve in the Garden of Eden. Milton, a deeply religious man, w rote the epic " to justify the ways of God to men." He is also famous for his graceful lyric poems, such as Lycidas, L'Allegro, & for his intensely mo ving sonnets.Milton was a great master of language, & his poetry, both epic & lyric, is admired for its sublime eloquence & rich musical quality.2. 识记His literary achievementsMilton's literary achievements can be divided into three groups: the ea rly poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets & the last great poems.In his early works, Milton appears as the inheritor of all that was best in Elizabethan literature. Lycidas (1637) is a typical example, dedicated to Edward King, a fellow undergradu ate of Milton‟s at Cambridge. The poem moves from a sad apprehension of death, through regret, to passionate qu estioning, rage, sorrow & acceptance. The feelings begin in a low key but move on to the large questions of divine justice & human accountability. T he climax of the poem is the blistering attack on the clergy, i.e. the "Shep herds," who are corrupted by self-interest.All of Milton's early works reflect his interest in Greek & Latin poetry, whi ch greatly influenced his style. His poems contain a wealth of classical refe rences, figures of speech, & other poetic devices, all masterfully blended in to his rich verse.Areopagitica is probably his most memorable prose work. It is a great plea for freedom of the press.After the Restoration in 1660, Milton was imprisoned. His release was brought about mainly through the efforts of his friends, notably the poet Andrew Marwell, After that time he devoted himself to his 3 major poetical works: Paradise Lost (1667), Paradise Regained (1671), & Samson Agonis tes (1671).(1)Paradise LostIt is the greatest , indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in Eng lish literature since Beowulf, and the last one is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English. It is a lone epic divid ed in 12 books.“man shall find grace.”But he must lay hold of it by an act of free wil l. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton‟s creed.(2)Paradise Regained(3)Samson AgonistesMilton again borrows his story from the Bible. But this time he turns t o a more vital and personal theme.。
英美文学选读学习方法
【自考本科，报考英语专业】我本来是日语专业的，毕业了多年才报考的本科。
本人并不聪明.201810我第一次考“英美文学选读”，只得了35分。
（只在考前几天复习了一下）一年后....201910我第二次考“英美文学选读”，得了71分。
（高强度的复习了半个月）如果你也是只求及格（而不是求80分以上的优秀分数），或许下面我的经验你可以看看。
由于我的逻辑思维比较弱，可能表达出来的词不达意，请.....将就的看看吧。
我现在仿佛还能想起复习时各种抓狂，各种悲痛欲绝.....痛并不安着(好怕不及格）！要坚强啊!tips：注意作者的名字和作品的名字英语书写不要写错了，听说会扣分的。
________________________________________________________________________________ ____________【正题】我学习首先是先立个大框架，然后再加入细节，对比理解总结，背。
大框架：英美文学主要考26位作家。
细节：作家生平、作品、写作手法、写作背景等。
把握好这两样~及格应该没问题。
考之前要先了解题型：1.单选40分40×1分(尽量在这里拿多点分，这需要大量的背）2.阅读：针对原文作回答16分4×4分（我个人觉得这里拿分较难，选读段落一般不会出现你看过的，这么多作品，很难猜中，只能靠感觉，背多点作品的人名倒是有点用）3.简答：简明回答24分4×6分（重点背多点作者的特点，然后各种掰，这里也要拿多点分）4.论述：短篇论文式的论述20分2×10分（这个跟上一题有点相似，尽量....掰吧，我也没办法哈哈哈哈）首先那本书...实在不适合我这种学渣，所以我是没看过的。
然后这科目很明确的表示重点考26位作家，如果只想及格的话就把这26位搞熟，如果需要80分以上考学士位的.....需要学习更多。
第一步就是把26位时期、作家名字和作品名字都整理下来，背的时候容易区分。
英美文学选读自考重点
英美文学选读自考重点我觉得英美文学选读自考重点有不少值得一说的地方。
首先，我觉得最重要的是对不同时期文学流派的把握。
像浪漫主义时期，一定要理解它强调个人情感、对自然的热爱这些特点。
我之前就在这卡住了，以为只要记住几个代表作家就行，后来发现重点在于理解整个流派的创作风格和思想内核。
比如说济慈的诗歌，充满了对美好事物的细腻感受，这就是浪漫主义注重情感表达的体现。
一定要注意每个流派都不是孤立存在的，它们之间相互影响。
对于作家作品，这个特别关键。
不仅要知道故事梗概，更要了解作品背后的社会文化背景。
例如在学习狄更斯的小说时，我们知道他的作品很多是反映英国维多利亚时期的社会风貌。
如果不清楚当时英国贫富差距极大、阶级矛盾尖锐这些社会背景，就很难深入理解他作品里对穷苦人民的同情和对社会黑暗的揭露。
还有人物形象分析也是重点。
我思考过从不同角度去分析人物，像是从心理角度、社会角色角度等。
比如哈姆雷特，从心理角度去看，他的犹豫寡断不只是性格问题，还和他所处的复杂的宫廷环境以及伦理道德困境有关。
这一点容易被忽视，很多人单纯说他是优柔寡断的性格，但深入分析就发现有更多内涵。
语言特色也不容忽视。
有些作家的语言比较晦涩难懂，像乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》。
这时候就需要我们耐心去剖析句子结构和用词的特殊之处。
我之前对书中那些意识流的描写很头疼，后来发现重点在于先抓住一些反复出现的关键意象，再去理解句子就容易多了。
对了还有文学术语这个关键点。
像象征、隐喻这些术语，要清楚地知道它们在具体作品里是如何运用的。
以《了不起的盖茨比》为例，绿灯就是一个重要的象征，它象征着盖茨比对黛西的梦想和追求。
理解这些术语有助于我们更准确地解读作品。
作品中的主题也是关键的部分。
比如探讨人性、爱情、命运等主题。
像勃朗特姐妹的作品中就常常会涉及爱情与社会约束、女性地位等主题相关的内容，我们需要通过阅读作品总结出这些主题并且能够阐述清楚。
自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3]
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自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3] 英国】Chapter3 The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义1.This urgency was provoked by two important revolutions: the French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution which happened more slowly, but with Astonishing consequences.英国面临着新的发展动力:是1789-1794年的法国资产阶级大革命,是同时期英国内部的工业革命.2.In 1832, the Reform Bill was enacted, which brought the Industrial capitalists into power.1832年“改革法案”在议会通过并实施。
3.The Romantic Movement, whether in England, Germany or France, expressed a more or less negative forward the existing social.浪漫主义运动,无论是在英国,德国还是法国,都表现相互对工业革命时期现存的社会经济制度及城市资产阶级的上升的否定态度。
4. The Romantics demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state.文学家摒弃了18 世纪盛行的文学及哲学基调---理性,古典主义文学家认为人是社会性的动物,浪漫主义文学家认为人应该是独立自由的个体.5. Thus, we can say that Romanticism actually constitutes a changeof direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.因此,们还可以说浪漫主义其实是将人们的注意力从外部世界—社会文明转移到内部世界---人类自己的精神实质。
自考英美文学选读要点总结精心整理2
英美文学选读要点总结细心整理[英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到足够的论据，来赞美人性，并开始留意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探究以及享受。
4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。
英美文学选读自学笔记
英美文学选读自学笔记English literature前言: 配合该笔记，看看选读的文章，有个大概的印象就行了。
学会对文章进行分析是考查的最终目标。
本人判断力不错，但记忆力不好,考前看了两遍，考了68分。
如果能记下要点，应该会考得更好。
这次考试的40小题选择题我做对了32题。
最后,希望我整理的笔记能提高大家的学习效率,I Old English Literature ----(450―1066)two groups : religious �C-on biblical themes ---- Secular ---- heroic age ---- --- a protector ofpeople ,fight against the nature.II Medieval period ---(1066---14th Century)Fame :1066 Norman conquest ---- three changes―feud alism system established ( politically )--- Catholic Church ( Religiously ) --- French, Latin, English (co-existedlanguage )In comparison with old English literature: (1) wider range of subjects (2) themes concerned with the personal salvation (3) romance love (4) the language is simple and straightforward ?The epic reflects a heroicage ,the romance reflects a chivalric one‘ 骑士Chaucer : 1 titles: the English Homer , the father of English poetry (from),2 verse : first use 'heroic couplet' , realisticpicture of his time , vivid characters from all works of his life , the characters are both typical and individual, his ideas is to pursue earthly happiness, opposed asceticism 禁欲主义, advocate humanism, replacealliterative verse with rhymed stanzas (古英语的押头韵变成中世纪的押尾韵)first use rhymed 'heroic couplet' octosyllabic 八音节诗 3.novel: the first modern novel.III Renaissance (14th―17th)Fame : ① move from feudalist ideas to the interest of rising bourgeoisie.② recover from corruption of the Roman Catholic Church to the purity of the earthly church . England :the reign of Henry VIII -----England?s Golden Age in literature---- Bibles in English instead of Latin readable forcommon people-------- literary giants : Shakespeare, Spenser ,Jonson Sidney,Marlowe ,Bacon ,and DonneThe time of Tudos ---- change monasteries修道院 into schools anduniversities ------ the English Renaissance flourishing-------first introduced printing into England and translatedbooks in English(by William Caxton)Traits of humanistic poetry : meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should be combined to frame the emotional theme. Poetry was to be a concentrated exercise of the mind , if craftsmanship and of learning. The most famous dramatists : Shakesperar , Ben Jonson, and Marlowe Writers : Wyatt (introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England)Surrey (brought in blank verse)Sidney (brought in sestina and terza rima)Marlowe(brought mighty lines to the blank verse ) Spenser( pastoral convention )John Donne, George Herbert ( metaphysical poets)Francis Bacon (the first important English essayist, the founder ofmodern science in England)I Edmund SpensorFame: Spenserian Stanza，the poet‘s poet(他的诗节被称为�D斯宾塞诗节‖，他被称为�D诗人中之诗人‖)选读 (Poem)contains 12 books, speaks of 12 virtues of the private gentleman, each of which tells a knight. Arthur―the heros of heros---plays a role in each of the 12 major adventures, serve as a unifying element. The theme is ?Fierce Wares and f aithful loves‘.The knight here symbolized the Church (Anglican) , is the protector of Una (the Virgin) .Una stands for the true religion.Qualities of Spensor’s poetry: 1. a perfect melody (music sense) 2.a rare sense of beauty 3. a splendid imagination 4.a lofty moral purity and seriousness. 5.a dedicated idealism II. Christopher MarloweFame: be regarded as ?University Wits‘. Perfected the blank verse, brought strong emotion into the blank verse. He created the Renaissance hero for English drama. Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition. (but his verse is not strong in dramatic construction and women ?s characters are rather pale)Plays: (the name of an ambitious ancient emperor. He rose from a shepherd to an overpowering king through his own effort. By depicting such a great king, Marlow voiced the desire of the man of the Renaissance for infinite power and authority. )选读 (Faustus is longing for knowledge and finally sells his souls to the evil. It celebrates the human passion for knowledge ,power and happiness)affection for his love.)Poetry: (It deprives from the pastoral tradition, in which the shepherd enjoys an ideal country life, cherishing a pureIII. William Shakespeare (1564―1616)Background: from merchant‘s family .父亲是个当地镇里的多面手，有点名气。
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版7（共5篇）
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版7（共5篇）第一篇：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版7【美国】Chapter 2 The Realistic Period现实主义时期1.This new attitude was characterized by a great interest in the realities of life.由于对现实生活产生了浓厚的兴趣，产生了新的创作灵感。
2.The three dominant figures of the period are William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James.这一时期的三个代表作家是豪威尔斯，亨利.詹姆斯和马克.吐温。
3.In short, they set the example and charted the future course for the subjects, themes, techniques and styles of fiction we still call modern.总之，他们为后来的现实文学在题材，技巧和风格上都树立了典范。
4.Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they lived, while Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories.豪威尔斯讨论上升的中产阶级及其生活方式，而马克.吐温则喜欢把他自己家乡的人放在故事的最前沿。
5.In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic.总之，自然主义产生现实主义，只是在创作上更富讽刺，更加悲观。
自考 英美文学选读 知识点nicolas整理
VI, Parts I, II and III， Richard III and Titus Andronicus; and 4 comedies:
2. 喜剧生涯第一阶段：五部历史剧：《亨利六世》上中下、《理查三世》《泰特斯。安装尼克
The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost
么正直善良的人要忍受痛苦。诗的高潮是对因自私自利而腐败的教士阶层，即“牧羊人”的狠
just and good should suffer.The climax of the poem is the blistering attack on the clergy, i.e. the “shepherds”, who are corrupted by self-interest.
3. 第二阶段：五部历史剧：《查理二世》《约翰王》《亨利四世》上下《亨利五世》；六部喜剧：
Cleopatra Troilus and Cressida Coriolanus; two comedies: All’s Well That Ends Well and Measure for Measure
无辜人民惨遭杀害。
outside evil force; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity; Macbeth’s
5. Last period: includes his principal romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, 《仲夏夜之梦》《威尼斯商人》《无事生非》《皆大欢喜》《第十二夜》《温莎的风流娘们儿》；
湖北自考《英美文学选读》重点总结
上古及中世纪英国文学Old and Medieval English literature上古：450 to 1066 中世纪;1066-14世纪中叶CeltsOld English poetry: the religious group and the secular oneBeowulf: national epic poem Chaucer introduced from F rance the rhymed s tanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse.<The Canterbur y Tales >The father of English poetry English Homer In the medieval period ：use narrative verse of prose to tell stori es of knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.第一章文艺复兴时期the RenaissancePeriod 14th andmid-17th centuries Humanism is the essence of theRenaissance. Golden AgeIt started in ItalyHenry VIII Defender of the FaithBible in English ancient Romanand Greekculture classstruggle Petrarchpoetry and poetic dramaElizabethan dra madramatists: Christopher Marlowe ,Willia m Shakespeare andBen Jonson3威廉莎士比亚William Shak espeare 1564-1616Playwrights , dramatist, poets 1591-1611was i n t he prime of his dramati c career.38plays 戏剧154sonnets 十四行诗 2 long poems叙事诗Stratford-on-A von“University w i ts”“an upstart crow”Sonnet18 : meditation eter nal beauty origin:Italy<Hamlet>“to be,or not t o be-that is the question”<the merchant of V eni ce> against Christians /Jews.Tw o narrative poems <venus and Adonis> <the rape of lucrece> Tragedies: <hamlet> <Othello> <k ing lear> <Macbeth><re meo and Juliet> <Julius casear>Six comedies:<a midsummer night‟s dream> <the merchant of Venice> <much ado about nothing> <sa you like it> <twelfth night> <the merry wives of Windsor><all‟s well that ends well> <measure for measure e>Romantic tragicomedi es: <[eroc;es> <Cymbeline> <The Winter‟s T ale> <the T e mpest>Romantic tragedy <Romeo and Juliet> tragedy but optimistic 乐观spirit.1 a play in t he play2 borrow plots from other stories such sa Roman,Greekand ancient myth.3 several threads running through the play4 combination of tragic and comic elements.Writing style:1 trimendous vocabulary(16,000words,invent words) 2literary devices(allit erat eion头韵，simile明喻，metaphor暗喻)3 use poetry in his playThe theme of the sonnet:1 express love and praise to a young man2 immortali ze beauty through verses3friendship or betrayal of friendship6约翰弥尔顿John Milton 1608-1674A Catholic family天主教Latin blind .<P Lost>失乐园masterpiece.a story taken from “the old Testament” ,a long epic divided into 12 book s ,taken from the Bible.the theme is “fall of man”The main idea:to beg for me rcy and worship his power were more shamefull and disgrace full than this downfall.<Samson Agonists>the most powerfull dramatic poem on the Gree k model.Three group: A the early poeticworks B the middle prosepamphletsC the last great poemsThe fre edom of the will is thek e ystone of Milton‟s creed.<Paradise Regained>第二章新古典主义时期the NeoclassicalPeriod1660-1798(18t hcentury)人社会动物industrial revolution工业革命the RestorationGothic Novel:1 content: magic, supernaturallelements, ghost s, monsters.2setting: old castle, graveyard, dardforest3atomsphere:horribleThe enlightenmen t movement（theage of reason ）：启蒙运动It was a progressive in telle ctuall进步知道份子movement which flourishedin F ranc e a nd swept the w holewestern Europe at the time. Itsenlighten the wholeworld with the light of modernphilosophical and artistic ideas.哲学和艺术思想The enlightenerscelebrated reason or rationality,equality and scienc e,理性平等科学and they also advocated universaleducation.全民普及教育1约翰班杨John Bunyan 1628-168818年坐牢，Christianity基督教<the pilgrim’s progress>”the vani tyfair”is the most successfulreligious allegory 宗教寓言i n theEnglish langua ge.Me taphor暗喻-life as a journeysearch for spiritual salvationStyle: Moded after the Bible,language:e asy to read,colloquial,concrete and concise form:allegorian form,reallystic,true to life.3丹尼尔笛福Daniel defoe1660-1731butcher‟s fa mily 卖肉家庭Englishmiddle –class<Robinson Crusoe>masterpiece,Robinson is the empire builder,thepioneer colonist.The theme:A man‟s strugglees against natureB glorifyication of the bourgeois menwho has the courage and will to facehardship and determineation toimprove his livelihood.C glorifyication of labor(Robinsonlives on hi s own hands)笛福的创作特点：Defoe w as a ver ygood story-telle r.he had a gift fororganizing minute details in such avivid w a y that his stories could beboth credible可信and fascinating神奇.his sentences ar e sometimesshort,crisp 短小干脆and pl ain,andsometimes long and rambling,w hichleave on the reader an impression ofcasual narration.his language issmooth,easy,colloquial口语andmostly vernacula r方言.there isnothing artificeial in his language: itis common English at its best.4乔纳森斯威夫特Jonathan Sw ift1667-1745<a tale of a tub><the battle of the books><Gulli ver’s travels>th e greatestsatiric w or k<a modest proposal>a greatest andbitter est satire.Lilliput yahoos bitter satire5亨利菲尔丁Henry F ield ing1707-1754Born of an old aristocratic family.老贵族家庭“father of the Englishnovel”“the third-person nar ration”第三人称叙述<the histor y of TomJones ,afoundling> “prose homer”散文荷马”comic epic in prose”散文体喜剧史诗:1 the descryiption in a grand style ofclassic epic.”classic epic”has:A a great hero Bcalls on Muses Cgive a list of na mes of gods Dcompare s mall fights to great wars.2 use verifyied language t o narrate asmall fight3 different figure of speech .esp,irony讽刺,hyperbole夸张<the histor y of Amelia>费尔丁的语言特色：Fielding‟slanguage is easy, unlaboured andfamil iar,自然流畅通俗易懂butextremely vivid and vigorous. Hissentences are always distinguished bylogic逻辑性and rhythm,韵律性andhis structure carefully planed towardsan inevitable ending. His works arealso noted for lively,dramatic dialogues戏剧性对话and other theat ricaldevices such as suspendse,悬念coincidence巧合and unexpectedness.出人意料第三章浪漫主义时期theRomantic Periodis an age ofpoetry.1798-1832人的孤单状态P assi ve , old and conservative :“lak e poets”William Wordsw or th Rober t South eySamuel Taylor ColeridgeActi ve , young and revolutionar y:Byron Shelly Keats1威廉布莱克William Blak e1757-1827候看见过天使，他父亲死后他弟弟也死了，神秘主义。
自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3]
自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3] 英国】Chapter3 The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义1.This urgency was provoked by two important revolutions: the French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution which happened more slowly, but with Astonishing consequences.英国面临着新的发展动力:是1789-1794年的法国资产阶级大革命,是同时期英国内部的工业革命.2.In 1832, the Reform Bill was enacted, which brought the Industrial capitalists into power.1832年“改革法案”在议会通过并实施。
3.The Romantic Movement, whether in England, Germany or France, expressed a more or less negative forward the existing social.浪漫主义运动,无论是在英国,德国还是法国,都表现相互对工业革命时期现存的社会经济制度及城市资产阶级的上升的否定态度。
4. The Romantics demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state.文学家摒弃了18 世纪盛行的文学及哲学基调---理性,古典主义文学家认为人是社会性的动物,浪漫主义文学家认为人应该是独立自由的个体.5. Thus, we can say that Romanticism actually constitutes a changeof direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.因此,们还可以说浪漫主义其实是将人们的注意力从外部世界—社会文明转移到内部世界---人类自己的精神实质。
英美文学选读
英美文学选读姓名:李阳学号:201005140130班级:10级专业:工商企业管理系部:工商管理系《英美文学选读》学后感大二第一学期的选修课，我选了《英美文学选读》这门课，虽然这门学科是外语系的选修课，并不是我们的专业，但是我觉得这是一门很好的课程，很值得我去学习.对于英美的文学，我以前没有读过很多，了解的比较少，开始我是希望可以通过这门课的学习，对英美文学有更多的了解，也希望可以接触到更多更好的文学作品。
就像是中国文学作品中，我钟爱鲁迅式的无厘头，因为他的敢想，敢写与那么的与众不同，我爱他以他的方式对那个时代的诠释，借小说人物的口写出他的怨恨与悲伤，他的喜怒哀乐，他的忧国忧民，他的丝丝情感，等等。
那在英美文学中谁又会是我钟爱的“鲁迅”呢！首先，我想先介绍一下这门课程。
分为英国文学与美国文学。
英国文学分为上古及中世纪英国文学，大约起于公元450年，止于14世纪中叶，在这一时期英国遭外族入侵，他们带来灾难的同时也带来很多外族文化，对英国的文学发展产生了深远的影响;文艺复兴时期，文艺复兴标志着一个过渡期，即中世纪的结束和现代社会的开始于14世纪，止于17世纪中叶。
文艺复兴影响深远，它的浪潮席卷了整个欧洲，人文主义是文艺复兴的核心，届时人文主义遍布英国思想领域;新古典主义时期，始于1660年英国斯图亚特王朝复辟；浪漫主义时期，始于1798年华兹华斯与柯勒治的《抒情歌谣集》的出版。
这一时期的代表诗人有布莱克、华兹华斯、拜伦、雪莱及济慈，他们发起了对新古典时期的反叛，这场运动便是后人所称的“诗人运动”。
维多利亚时期，1836年至1901年，正是维多利亚女王执政时期;最后一部分是现代时期，19世纪末到20世纪初。
现实主义起源于怀疑论和对资本主义的幻想破灭，特别是第一次世界大战造成的影响，现代主义一非理性哲学和精神分析原理为理论基础，20世纪初的30年是现代主义小说的黄金时期，30年代小说走向衰落，50年代在欧洲的影响下英国戏剧界发生重大变革。
美国文学选读期末总结
美国文学选读期末总结美国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化，它影响了世界各地的文学发展。
在这门选读课程中，我们从殖民地时期开始，一直到二十一世纪，学习了许多重要的美国文学作品。
通过阅读这些作品，我们不仅了解了美国文化和历史，也探讨了许多重要的主题和思想。
在殖民地时期，美国文学开始萌芽。
我们读到了威廉·布拉德福的《普利茅斯记》和詹姆斯教酋长的《联邦纲要》。
这些作品记录了最早的殖民地生活，揭示了殖民者面临的困难和对未来的希望。
通过阅读这些作品，我们了解到殖民地时期的美国社会是如何建立起来的，以及它对后世产生了怎样的影响。
在十九世纪，美国文学迎来了一个辉煌的时期。
我们阅读了许多重要的作品，如纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》、赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的《白鲸》和马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。
这些作品探讨了人性的复杂性、道德的问题和对社会的批判。
他们让我思考人类内心的冲突和道德选择的困难。
这些作品也在文学史上留下了深远的影响，对后来的作家和文学发展产生了重要的影响。
在二十世纪，美国文学经历了一系列重要的变革和创新。
我们读到了弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》、欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》和托尼·莫里森的《亲爱的》。
这些作品通过不同的风格和形式来探索一系列的主题，如美国梦、个体与社会的关系、种族和性别等。
它们展示了美国文学的多样性和丰富性，也反映了美国社会的变化和发展。
此外，我们还读到了一些二十一世纪的作品，如乔纳森·弗兰岑的《自由的哀思》和夏娃·芭比恩·鲍登的《女人的生活》，它们涉及了当代社会的问题和议题。
这些作品让我思考了现代社会的挑战和困境，也让我对未来的发展有了更深的思考。
通过这门选读课程，我对美国文学有了更深入的了解。
我认识到美国文学不仅仅是一堆经典的作品，更是一个反映社会和思想的镜子。
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自考英美文学选读学习
总结
Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
[转帖]英美文学选读学习技巧
我是外贸英语大专毕业的，为了拿到本科文凭，我的首选当然是英语专业，第一年我顺利就拿到8份单科毕业证书，今年四月我只剩听说与英美文学最难的二门。
通过今年考试我感受很深，也领悟很多。
我想这里开一个英美文学学习技巧话题，大家能交流一下学习经验或小窍门，为没通过或即将要考英美文学同学提供多一点信息和帮助。
谢谢！
首先我想与大家谈论一下参考书，我能理解大家想偷机取巧的想法，参考书必定是比课本薄得多，看上去象精选集，但事实并非如此，实际考题说明一切。
考题不会超大纲，答案自然都在书上。
只不过来年考题会从越来越偏僻角落去选择，所以课本也就越发重要。
我现在都能想象出题老师得意笑容，"我出的题难什么，都在书上"。
当我看完第一遍书时，其过程实在是艰涩痛苦，捏着厚厚书真觉得苦海无涯，望也望不到出头之日。
但奇妙的感觉在后面，当我第二，三，四遍看完，当然到后面是以翻看形式了，书本捏在手上变得越来越薄了。
我认为以课本为基础，在自己脑海中形成的超薄精选集才是正直实用有效的参考书，在网上是下载不到，书店里也买不到。
你所需要做的是把这课本看懂，读透，翻烂。
I don't want to say this is only choice, but it actually is, and an most direct and efficient way. Dont find too much resources, which cant easy your job, but increase your burde n.
我看见许多人说背不出，或怎样背。
大家都是这条路上过来的难兄难弟，多半白天要上班，晚上要背书，有段时间我近似绝望，怀疑自己提早进入老年痴呆症，健忘症。
我不断弄混名字，作品，时期，英美不分。
就现在考题看来，题型已不是单纯浅显记忆题，而是在此基础上的综合理解题，在今年的部分选择题，简答题里都是这样。
如果不掌握最基本的（纯粹背的），PASS是绝无希望。
这里我介绍自己的记忆方法，这方法帮我走出维谷，希望对你们会有些帮助。
我的方法是建立一个树枝结构。
复习开始时面对的最大困惑是东西太多，无从下手，而且更糟是前背后忘记，忘得比背得快，简直是没天理，花下去的时间精力似乎打了水漂。
当然要让每个作家都能象对Shakespeare一样一听就有个大概印象，没有充足广泛阅读量是无法做到的。
既然太深一下子沉不到海底，我索性浮起来从面上抓，我的树枝结构应运而生。
可以说书前的目录就是主树杆，每个时期是树枝，每个作家便是树叉，单是这样还是很抽像很难记，加上不同的"色彩形状的叶子"，开始不用很多，节选作品，称号（. the father of ..... or the Poe t's Poet），相关术语（Whitman-free verse, Emerson-trascandentalism），正是这些"叶子"使树叉有其独特之处，成为记忆的载体。
这样我一下子把英美文学浓缩成二张卡片，在回家上班路上忙里偷闲时看一下，记一下，背一下。
嗨，各位，这真得很有效噢，在很短时间内，我可以做出60％的选择题了，并将茫然无序的思路理清。
Though my tree is still in winter, "if winter comes, can Spring be far behind"。
这也许可作为根基吧，但其巩固是在这棵树枝繁叶茂的过程中，基础巩固与细节化是相辅相承的。
然后我准备了一份小册子，一页一位作家，每页再加上作家主要作品，风格，特点，作品情节，语言，人物描写，功献，第一或最后本作品，最成功作品，最....，通过你不断从课本中汲取，你的树会茁壮成长，并且由重点到细节，从记忆，熟悉，理解整个过程基本附合考纲要求，完美状态是直至差不多等于课本知识的涵盖量（这是共产主义状态，说实在的我没达到，真是革命尚未成功，同志还需努力）。
英美文学是综合学科，要通过或考好，是需要日常对英美历史背景熟悉，对大量着作的阅读，研究体会的。
死记硬背真的只是应付考试的，原始而无意义手段，而且对来年的考题是没办法应付的噢！
以下还有一些小窍门，希望有帮助：
1.先复习美国文学，后英国文学；
2.美国文学可先从现实主义阶段开始，英国文学可先从维多利亚阶段开始；
3.去年考过题还会再考；
4.诗中解释较多的话，找那些能反映主题的解释多背背；明年多半是课本没有的解释了，考你的对诗理解程度了，
5。
对各阶段时期特征多花功夫复习；
6.明年的理解题，综合题，比较题必然多，例如：
1.二个阶段思想，风格比较，举例说明；
2.描述一个阶段思想，风格特点，举例说明；
3.比较二个同一，不同阶段诗人，剧作家，小说家，举其作品说明；
4.详细说明一个术语，一种写作方式，风格，主义如何运用，举代表人物，作品说明，（eg, this year questio n: What is Allegory concerned with its implying meaning)
刁钻复杂的题人人都可猜，我并非想例出一点希奇古怪的题扰乱你们的思路。
这次四月考试，我是充满信心拿高分，对每位作家或诗人我都仔细复习到了，但题目仍是出乎我意料之外，我觉得不公平是题型已不是去年直白而水平的出题方式，是一种纵向综合题型。
我想提醒明年要参加考试的同学，决不要把每个作家或时期独立复习，如果可能的话，在对每位作家或时期有一定熟悉的程度，作一点纵向的比较，不但能加深理解，对你们明年考试决对有帮助，不，是贡献。
坦白的说，这次考试当天上午，我脑海种几次想到应看一下各个时期的异同点，这是我的薄弱环节，但我仍按常理将重点放在几位重要作家写作风格的复习上了。
如果明年你是第一次考英美文学，那就别满足于对各位作家的了解，如果明年你又要参加考试，也许猜一点比今年更难的题目，才能应付自如。
在英美文学上我真花很大功夫和精力（与其它的十几门课相比），开始时期我确实感到无从下手，复习得很慢很仔细但效率不高。
我在这里介绍我的学习方法，只想给以后考试的同学一些提示吧！必竟是我亲身感受和经历的，希望大家能少走一些弯路。
在我开始自己的树枝结构的复习方法后，我的学习效率大大提高，那是一种直接，明确，层次分明，直达中心的感觉，我不知谁是否有过同感--课本变薄--确实一种美妙感觉，那天起我便有信心通过英美文学。
树枝结构如同将不同时期分成几格抽屉，复习每位作家时就象理衣服一样将它们各就其位，而每格抽屉与其中的衣服都有其共有的独特风格，（eg. English romantic period is an age of poetry, so there are 6 poets introduced here, and nat ue and freedom are main concerns of theirs)。
这样就不会象一开始，对每件衣服都细细打理，一旦回头发觉身后堆了一地衣服，仍然茫然不知所措。
（我曾将英国文学前二个时期来回复习二遍，恼火是进度极慢而能熟记住的东西不多，后然发觉这二个时期是最次要两个阶段。
）这也是我为什么建议大家先看维多利亚时期的原因之一，将头脑清醒比较有耐心的阶段留给重点。
另外，历史是从古到今，但也许逆向学习更顺一些，必竟年代越近诗人，作家写的东西比较容易接受理解，当你比较进入状态，即读起或背起课本内容很通顺时，再研究一下英语古诗，也许那些押韵，抑扬格会简单些噢！
不过由此我又想到一个好建议，是为明年第一次参加英美文学同学，也许在复习前，先翻看一下历年的考试试卷的题目，题型和答案（是如何作答的），这会使你的复习形成很强目的性，方向感，对如何抓重点，要点很有帮助。
我是经常复习一段时间就去看一下历年考题，很有启发，帮你找回一些遗漏地方。