我国原油进出口现状

目录

摘要 (2)

Abstract (3)

绪论 (4)

一、我国原油进口发展现状分析 (4)

（一）原油概述 (4)

1.原油的含义与用途 (4)

2.原油资源的分布 (5)

（二）我国原油进口发展现状 (6)

1.我国由石油净出口国转变为净进口国 (6)

2.中国原油对外依存度现状 (6)

（二）我国主要原油进口国与进口现状分析 (8)

1.我国主要原油进口国 (8)

2.我国原油进口特点分析 (8)

二、我国原油进口发展的趋势与存在的问题 (10)

（一）我国原油进口发展的趋势 (10)

1.国内石油消费整体持续增加 (10)

2.我国石油实际消费增速放缓 (11)

（二）我国原油进口存在的问题 (12)

1. 国内原油消费量过大，原油对外依存度逐年上升 (12)

2.我国石油储备的现状不容乐观 (13)

3. 产业结构不合理以及节能减排不到位 (15)

三、针对当前原油进口现状的对策与建议 (15)

（一）提高中国石油储备水平，构建符合国情的石油储备战略 (15)

1.加速制定全面覆盖石油战略储备的相关法规 (15)

2.筹资渠道多样化 (16)

3.储备选址和储存方式多样化 (16)

4.建立油价与储备的联动机制 (16)

（二）中国应强化国内炼油能力 (16)

（三）节能减排及新能源开发与利用 (17)

1.产业结构调整是节能减排之本 (17)

2.中国石油新能源开发与利用 (18)

结论 (19)

参考文献 (20)

致谢 (21)

摘要

随着经济社会的进一步发展，石油作为现代社会的一项基本能源,俨然让人类对其产生了极大的依赖性。石油这种能源具有需求缺乏弹性、开发成本低、地区分布不均衡等特点。世界石油资源量主要集中在中东的发展中国家、前苏联国家、中南美洲和加拿大等。相反,对石油资源需求量较多的国家的石油资源量却很少，大部分需依靠进口。供给和需求的失衡引发国家之间的冲突和利益集团之间的博弈。

海关总署公布数据，2011年中国原油进口量为25378万吨，同比增长6%。这一增速较2010年原油进口17.5%的增速相比，显著下滑。

本文通过对我国原油进口现状及面临国际形势的分析，简要阐明了构成我国原油进口现状——进口量不断上升但增速放缓，对外依存度却逐年上升的原因，并就此提出诸如适宜管制进口原油、提高石油储备水平及“控制”原油出口国等对策与建议。

关键词：原油进口，原油需求,对外依存度,石油储备

Abstract

With the further development of the economic society,oil as a modern society of a basic energy lets the peremptory human have greatly dependence on it.Oil has the demand lack of flexibility, the development of low cost, and regional uneven distribution characteristics etc. The world mainly concentrated in the Middle East oil resources in the development of the country, the former Soviet union countries in South America and Canada, etc. Instead, the more demand for oil resources of the country's,the fewer oil resources it has,and most of the need rely on imports.Supply and demand imbalances caused conflicts between the state and the game between interest groups.

The general administration of customs figures shows,in 2011 China's crude oil imports for 253.78 million tons. Compared to the 17.5% increase in oil imports in 2010, it is a marked drop.

Through analysis of our country imports of crude status quo and facing the international situation, this article briefly explains the reasons contribute to our country imports of crude the status quo——rising imports but growth is slowing, external dependence is rising year by year.Offer such countermeasures and suggestions as appropriate control to import crude oil, increase oil reserve level and "control" crude oil export etc.

Keywords: crude oil imports, oil demand,external dependence，petroleum reserve