全国2018年4月05844国际商务英语自考试题

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全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码05844

全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844I. Translate the following words and expressions: (10%)(i) From English into Chinese:1. usance credit2. certificate of origin3. intermediate products4. compensation trade5. securities(ii) From Chinese into English:6.经济一体化7.母公司8.还盘9.保兑行10.充分就业II. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right: (5%)( )11. preference a. a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports orexports of a commodity( )12. mandate b. a practical advantage given to one over others( )13. quota c. social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of acontracting party( )14. affiliate d. authority given to perform a duty( )15. force majeure e. a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part byanother concernIII. Make brief explanations of the following terms and give the full name of the abbreviation in English: (20%)16. gross domestic product (GDP)17. direct exchange rate18. bill of exchange19. insurable interest==============================专业收集精品文档=============================20. ICCIV. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list (You can only chooseHistorically, counter trade was mainly conducted in the form of (21) ________, which is a direct exchange of goods of approximately (22)________ value between parties, with no (23) ________ involved. Such transactions were the very essence of business at times during which no money —that is, no common medium of (24)________ —existed or was available. Over time, money emerged as a convenient (25)________ that unlinked transactions from individual parties and their joint timing and (26)________ permitted greater flexibility in trading activities. Repeatedly, however, we can see returns to the barter system as a (27)________ of environment circumstances. Conditions that encourage such business activities are (28) of money, lack of value of or faith (29) ________ money, lack of acceptability of money as an exchange medium, or greater ease of transaction (30)________ using goods.V. Translate the following into English: (25%)31. 就出口商的利益而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利。

自考商务英语05844课后问答题答案

自考商务英语05844课后问答题答案Lesson11.what does international business refer to?Please tell thedifference between international business and domestic business.?International business refer to transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the country is also regarded as import and export,such as business between Hongkong and T aiwan. International business takes place between countries while domestic business takes place in the same country.2.Please explain the differences between visible trade andinvisible trade. which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?Visible trade refer to the from of commodity trade, i.e.exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. Invisible trade refers to the kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking insurance , consulting, information etc. The latter is becoming moreand more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade.3.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differencesin international business?Yes,I can. In business activities, Americans are more informal than Europeans. Americans are pleased to be called their first names to close the relationship.Europeans will think it impolite to be called the first names, especially the first time they meet.4.Please elaborate on the two categories of internationalinvestment. What is their major difference?International investment can be classified into two categories,that is ,foreign direct investment(FDI) and portfolio investment. The major difference between them is that FDI is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.5.What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as ameans of entering a foreign market?In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Firms chooselicensing because they do not have to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Beside, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management.6.What is franchising? How is different from licensing?Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing.Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks. brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee ,the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.7.what is management contract? Under what conditions is itmost applicable?Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another withina particular period for a flat payment or a percentage ofthe relevant business volume. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries, it is most applicable.8.what is an international turnkey project? In what way is itsvariant BOT from it ?For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. For BOT,B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. BOT is a popular variant of the turkey project. For a BOT project,a firm operate a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project.Lesson21.Explain the concepts of GNP and GDP respectively and pointout their major difference.Can we use them interchangeably?GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicatea country’s total income. GNP refers to the market value ofgoods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. GDP measures the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy. The major difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuss on ownership of the factors of production which the latterconcentrates on the place where production takes place.2.what are meant by high income,middle income,and lowincome countries according to the World Bank?Cite some examples for each group.High –income countries refer to those with annual per capita income of $9,386 and above , e.g. the united states .Middle income countries refer to those with annual per capita income of below $9,386 but above $765, e.g. Greece.Low—income countries refer to those with annual per capita income of only $765 or below , e.g.most African countries.3.Why are high income countries important to trade andinvestment?Should we neglect low income countries in international business?Because high—income countries often have good infrastructure, high purchasing power, advanced technology, efficient management , and favorable environment for trade and investment .They offer prime markets for expensive consumer goods and both attractive aources and destinations of investment. But lower income countries should not be neglected in international business activities , because they constitutle markets for。

自学考试国际商务英语历年真题及答案(2006年4月—2013年7月)

全国2013年7月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844课程代码：05844请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上。

注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2. 用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1. territory economies 区域经济体2. absolute advantage 绝对利益3. double assurance of payment 双重保证付款4. counter trade 对销贸易5. contract carrier 契约承运人6. transferable credit 可转让信用证7. anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施8. certificate of quality 质量证明书9. value chain 价值链10. clean draft 光票Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%）11. 优惠期/宽限期grace period12. 清关custom clearance13. 分批装运partial shipment14. 即期信用证sight credit15. 保险单insurance policy16. 买入价buying rate17. 所得税income tax18. 消费主义/消费Consumerism19. 许可经营licensing20. 投资收益return on investmentⅢ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right（10%）e21. specific duties a. purchasing power parityd22. gold reserves b. getting goods off a carrieri23. royalty c. money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and servicesa24. PPP d. the stock of gold coin and bullion (gold bars) held by a note-issuing bank in a country on the gold standardj25. clean credit e. duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size, etc. of the goodsh26. intellectual property f. absolutely necessaryb27. unload g. the person to whom a draft is drawng28. drawee h. certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copyrightc29. money circulation i. money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu., at an agreed percentage of the selling price of the productf 30. indispensable j. a credit that does not require shipping documents for paymentⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English （10%）31. shipping markswhat is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation32. underwritera person who carries on insurance as a business33. mobilitycapacity that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place34. reimbursepay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent35. CIFCost Insurance and FreightⅤ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）36. What does the term “Triad” refer to? What is meant by Quad?The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities.Some people extend the scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadened grouping Quad.37. What is the most common form of non-tariff barriers? Explain it in a few words.Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common form of non-tariff barriers.A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time.38. Why is it necessary to have Incoterms?The prupose of Incoterms is to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade39. What are the major factors that may influence the exchange rate?a.international balance of payment. It has a direct bearing on the supply and demand offoreign exchange.b.Inflation. It is closely related to the real value of the currencyand the competitiveness of the commodity.c.Interest rate. Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attractshort term international fund, increasing the exchange rate o f one’s own currency and viceversa.The above factors may work alone or collectively.Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese （15%）40. MFN means most-favored-nation which is a tariff treatment. It is bilaterally given and provides for the lowest tariff in the tariff code. It is important to understand that the term most-favored-nation gives the impression that the tariffs involved are the lowest, it is in fact not the cast. MFN is not really special but is just normal trading status. GSP(generalized system of preferences) establishes even lower tariffs than MFN.最惠国待遇意味着大多数最惠国关税待遇，这是一个。

2018年4月高等教育自学考试《英语二》历年真题及答案

2018年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)试卷及答案(课程代码00015)满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。

考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。

3.第三、七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。

必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。

4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

一、阅读判断(第1~10题，每题1分，共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

Life on the FarmLife on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers.They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up.Technology has made most aspects of farm life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier.Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before.In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require.Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what it has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are still animals to feed, cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm life still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice.The main change in modern farm life is in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever.1.Factory farms now produce most of the products. AA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given2.Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food. CA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given3.Small family farms find it hard to survive. AA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given4. Plowing and sowing by machines are advances in modern farming.AA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given5.Modern farm products cost more than those from traditional farming.BA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given6.Most farmers cannot afford new machines.CA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given7.Modern farmers do not have to work hard.BA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given8.New technologies have not changed farm management.BA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given9.There are fewer and fewer family-run farms now.AA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given10.Modern farms are hiring workers from cities.CA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given二、阅读选择（11--15，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题纸相应位置上将该项涂黑Christmas GiftMary didn't know what to send to her grandparents for Christmas. lt was always hard to choose a good Christmas present for them. They didn't need much, and it was hard for her to becreative every year ,One year, she sent them a big wooden elephant. lt sat on the counter for a year, but then it disappeared, probably into a closet somewhere.Another year, she made handmade soaps with nice smells, but they probably weren't any better than store-bought soaps. Last year, she sent lots of nice pictures of herself in frames, but grandparents' house was small, and they couldn't hang up very many.This year, she decided on fruit. She lived where it was warm and there was lots of nice fruit. Her grandparents lived up north, where it was colder and they couldn't get fresh fruit all year, or at least not oranges and grapefruit. Fresh fruit was healthy for her grandparents, too.Mary went to a fruit store and sampled the red oranges. She really liked them and bought a kilogram. Then she tried three kinds of grapefruit.The white ones were sour. The star grapefruit were interesting, but the dark red grapefruit were great.So she got a kilogram.Mary carefully packed the fruit in a box to keep them safe and dry in case one got smashed and its juice got everywhere. Then she wrote the address on the box and mailed it from the store. She felt happy with what she bought.A few days later, Mary got a phone call from her grandparents,thanking her for the lovely fruit. They said it was a healthy, tasty, and very thoughtful gift. Mary had never felt so good before.11.Mary was troubled because she__A_A. had no idea for a holiday giftB. was not creative in her workC. could not afford Christmas giftsD. found her grandma hard to please12.What did Mary send her grandparents last year?____C__A.A wooden elephant.B.Handmade soaps.C.Her own pictures.D.A store-bought closet.13.In selecting the gifts, Mary was__D_A.excitedB.impatientC.exhaustedD.thoughtful14.Which of the following did Mary buy for her grandparents this year?___B__A.Yellow oranges.B.Dark red grapefruitC.White grapefruit.D.Star grapefruit.15.Mary's grandparents_A__A.loved her giftB.sent her а cardC.wrote her a letterD.put her gift away三、概括段落大意和补全句子(第16~ 25题，每题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务:（1）从第16~ 20题后所给的6个选项中，为第1 ~ 5段每段选择1个正确的小标题; (2) 从第21 ~ 25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

2018年4月05844国际商务英语真题及答案

Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

1. turnkey project2. EDI3. compound duties4. CPT5. trade credit accounts6. partial shipment7. cargo receipt8. port of origin9. buying rate10. tariff quotaⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

11.债权国12.董事会13.关税联盟14.缔约方15.分阶段付款16.资金周转17.产品自然领域18.股权投资19.增值税20.技术转让Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

21. spur a. unable to pay debts22. welfare b. ability to succeed in operation23. remittance c. to urge or encourage24. business line d. to repay or pay off25. drawee e. a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function26. insolvent f. a person to whom a draft is drawn27. viability g. a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation28. redeem h. money sent by post29. practitioner i. goods dealt in by a company30. counterpart j. well-beingⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

自考05844国际商务英语(真题-翻译)

1有形贸易 visible trade visible trade 2无形贸易 invisible tradeinvisible trade3证券投资 Portfolio Investment portfolio investment 4大额存单 Certificate of depositcertificate of deposit 5管理合同 management contract management contract 6价值链 value chainvalue chain7承包生产 contract manufacturing contract manufacturing 8交钥匙工程 turnkey project turnkey project 9国民收入 national income national income 10人均收入 per capita income per capita income 11基础设施 infra structureinfra structure1213收入分布 income distribution income distribution 14债权国 creditor countrycreditor country15经济一体化 economic integration economic integration 16自由贸易区 free trade area free trade area 17关税税率 tariff rates tariff rates 18关税同盟 custom union custom union 19关税联盟 customs union customs union 20共同市场 common market common market 21主权国家 sovereign state sovereign state 22政治实体 political entity political entity 23行政机构 executive bodyexecutive body24欧盟委员会 European commission European commission 25部长理事会 council of ministers council of ministers 26多极化 multi-polarization multi-polarization27双部长会议 dual-Ministerial meeting dual-Ministerial meeting 28分委员会 Sub-committeeSub-committee 2930技术进步 technical improvements technical improvements 31自然资源 natural resources natural resources 32初级产品 primary commodities primary commodities 33绝对利益 absolute advantage absolute advantage 34比较利益 comparative advantage comparative advantage 35进口关税 import duty import duty 36出口关税 export dutyexport duty 37混税,复合关税 compound dutycompound duty3839税率表,税则 tariff schedule tariff schedule 40关税壁垒 tariff barriertariff barrier41非关税壁垒 non-tariff barrier non-tariff barrier 42运输工具 means of transport means of transport43古迹 places of historical interest places of historical interest 44货仓 cargo compartment cargo compartment 45关税区 customs area customs area 46从价税 advalorem dutiesadvalorem duties独立国家联合体 commonwealth of independent 国际经济环境 international economic environment 最惠国待遇 most-favoured nation (MFN) treatment47贸易术语 trade terms trade terms48贸易惯例 trading practices trading practices49商品交易会 trade fairs trade fairs50长途电话 trunk call trunk call51有效期 validity period validity period52还盘 counter offer counter offer53销售合同 sales contract sales contract54销售确认书 sales (purchase) confirmation sales (purchase) confirmation55缔约方/合约各方 contracting parties contracting parties56不可抗力 force majeure force majeure57货号 article number article number58棉布 cotton piece goods cotton piece goods59棉纱 cotton yarns cotton yarns60对销贸易 counter trade counter trade61欧洲支付联盟 European payment union European payment union62竞争性贬值 competitive devaluation competitive devaluation63加工贸易 processing trade processing trade64清算系统 clearing system clearing system65实际头寸 net positions net positions66贸易信贷往来帐户 trade credit accounts trade credit accounts67反向购买 counter purchase counter purchase68回购交易 buyback buyback69租赁贸易 leasing trade leasing trade70财务状况 financial standing financial standing71资信可靠情况 credit worthiness credit worthiness72分阶段付款 periodic payments periodic payments73预付现金 cash in advance cash in advance74汇票 draft / bill of exchange draft/bill of exchange75远期汇票 usance draft usance draft76跟单汇票 documentary draft documentary draft77提单 bill of landing bill of landing78货物所有权 title to goods title to goods79保险单 insurance policy insurance policy80跟单托收 documentary collection documentary collection81付款交单 documents against payment (D/P)documents against payment (D/P) 82承兑交单 documents against acceptance (D/A)documents against acceptance (D/A) 83光票 clean draft clean draft84开证银行opening bank opening bank85往来行 correspondence bank correspondence bank86通知行 advising bank advising bank87保兑行 confirming bank confirming bank88分批装运 partial shipment partial shipment89保兑信用证 confirmed letter of credit confirmed letter of credit90价格条款 price term price term91光票信用证 clean credit clean credit92非贸易结算 non-trade settlement non-trade settlement93可撤销信用证 revocable credit revocable credit94不可撤销信用证 irrevocable credit irrevocable credit95双重保障 double assurance double assurance96即期信用证 sight credit sight credit97远期信用证 usance credit usance credit98面值 face value face value99可转让信用证 transferable credit transferable credit100不可转让信用证 non-transferable credit non-transferable credit101无汇票信用证 non-draft credit non-draft credit102推迟付款 deferred payment deferred payment103循环信用证 revolving credit revolving credit104唛头 shipping marks shipping marks105被通知人 notify party notify party106货运收据 cargo receipt cargo receipt107发运港 port of shipment port of shipment108海关发票 custom invoice custom invoice109领事发票 consular invoice consular invoice110装船通知 shipping advice shipping advice111产品自然领域 natural product provinces natural product provinces112公共承运人 common carrier common carrier113契约承运人 contract carrier contract carrier114自有承运人 private carrier private carrier115中间产品 intermediate product intermediate product116制成品 finished products finished products117最大诚信原则 utmost good faith utmost good faith118货物原产地港口 port of origin port of origin119交货费用 forwarding charges forwarding charges导致损失的直接原因 proximate cause of the loss120121汇率 exchange rate exchange rate122金本位制 gold standard gold standard123平价 par value par value124储备货币 reversed currency reversed currency125清洁浮动 clean float (free float-自由浮动)clean float 清洁浮动 (free float 自由浮动) 126肮脏浮动 dirt float (managed float-管理浮动)dirt float 肮脏浮动 (managed float 管理浮动) 127(汇率)直接标价 direct quote direct quote128(汇率)间接标价 indirect quote indirect quote129买入价 buying rate buying rate130卖出价 selling rate selling rate131中间价 medial rate medial rate132大萧条 Great Depression great depression133特别提款权 special drawing right special drawing right134国际收支赤字 BOP deficit BOP deficit135国际收支盈余 favorable balance of payment favorable balance of payment136贴现率 discount rate discount rate137外汇管制 foreign exchange control foreign exchange control138游资 idle funds (hot money)idle funds (hot money)139世界银行集团 word bank group word bank group140资本市场 capital market capital market141优惠期 grace period grace period142私营经济 private sector private sector143股权投资 equity investment equity investment144经济结构调整 economic restructuring economic restructuring145投票权 voting power voting power146黄金份额 gold tranche gold tranche147备用(信贷)安排 standby arrangement standby arrangement148客户流动 customer mobility customer mobility149免税期 tax holiday tax holiday150合资企业 joint venture joint venture151绿地战略 the greenfield strategy the greenfield strategy152战略联合 the strategic alliance the strategic alliance153知识产权 intellectual property intellectual property154常务委员会 standing committee standing committee155证券交易所 stock exchange stock exchange156长期资本 long-term capital long-term capital157二级资本市场 secondary capital market secondary capital market158交易场地 market floor (trading floor)market floor (trading floor)159挂牌证券交易市场 listed market listed market160所得税 income tax income tax161平衡帐目 balance the books balance the books 公共部门借贷需求 the public sector borrowing requirement162163金边证券 gilt-edged stocks / securities gilt-edged stocks/securities164事业机构投资商 institutional investors institutional investors165期权 options options166套期保值 hedge hedge167具体事场 particular market area particular market area168普惠制 generalized system of preferences generalized system of preferences 169关税减让 tariff concession tariff concession170制度力量 institutional strength institutional strength171反贴补措施 counter-veiling measures counter-veiling measures172反倾销 anti-dumping anti-dumping173国民待遇 national treatment national treatment174关税配额 tariff quota tariff quota175充分就业 full employment full employment176公平贸易 fair trade fair trade177贸易条款 term of trade term of trade178免责条款 escape clauses escape clauses179行动纲领 action programme action programme180联合国大会 united nations general assembly united nations general assembly 181较不发达国家 less-developed countries less-developed countries182无差别待遇 non-discrimination principle non-discrimination principle183差别待遇 differential treatment differential treatment184贸易条件 terms of trade terms of trade185186特惠税 preferential customs tariffs preferential customs tariffs 187技术转让 transfer of technology transfer of technology188金融市场 financial market financial market189中期贷款 extended fund facility extended fund facility190双边谈判 bilateral negotiation bilateral negotiation191特约条款 special clause special clause192董事会 board of directors board of directors193生产方式 production approach production approach194可保利益 insurable interest insurable interest195缓冲库存贷款 buffer stock financing facility buffer stock financing facility 196跨国公司母公司 parent MNC parent MNC197记帐交易 open credit open credit198滚装滚卸范畴运输 roll-on and roll-off traffic roll-on and roll-off traffic199规模经济 economies of scale economies of scale200有价保单 valued policy valued policy201从量税 specific duty specific duty202业务范围 business line business line203基础设施 capital infrastructure capital infrastructure204布雷顿森林会议 the Bretton woods convention the Bretton woods convention 205保证金 margin margin206统一关税制度 uniform tariff system uniform tariff system207208209210211212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224电子数据交换EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)购买力平价PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)增值税VAT (value added tax)国际经济新秩序 new international economic order石油输出国组织OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)东南亚国家联盟ASEAN (Association of SouthEast Asian Nations)北美自由贸易协定NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)多边投资担保机构MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)经济及社会理事会ECOSOC (economic social council)国际开发协会IDA (International Development Association)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development)零库存 just-in-time delivery (JIT)自动出口限制VER (Voluntary Export Restriction)投资交易所RIE (Recognized Investment Exchange)国际复兴开发银行IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际金融公司IFC (International Finance Corporation)。

2018年4月全国自考国际商务谈判真题试卷_真题（含答案与解析）

2018年4月全国自考（国际商务谈判）真题试卷(总分100, 做题时间150分钟)一、单项选择题1.《谈判的艺术》一书的作者是( )SSS_SINGLE_SELA马什B盖芬C迈耶D尼尔龙伯格该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.6答案:D美国谈判协会会长、著名律师杰德勒．I．尼尔龙伯格(Gerard I．Nierenberg)在《谈判的艺术》中阐明了自己有关谈判的观点。

2.“有理、有利、有节”，这种做法集中体现了国际商务谈判中的( )SSS_SINGLE_SELA平等互利原则B灵活机动原则C依法办事原则D友好协商原则该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.6答案:D不论是原则问题还是非原则问题的讨论，我们应该自始至终坚持贯彻“有理、有利、有节”的方针，以理服人，体现了友好协调的原则。

3.下列有关国际商务谈判的说法中，不正确的是( )SSS_SINGLE_SELA按国际惯例办事B以价格为谈判核心C影响谈判的因素有限D以经济利益为主要目标该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.6答案:C任何国际谈判都不可能是在真空中进行的，而是在一定的法律制度和某一特定的政治、经济、社会、文化环境中进行的，这些环境因素都会对谈判产生直接或间接的影响。

4.下列各项中，属于迟疑的谈判对手的心理特征是( )SSS_SINGLE_SELA不自信B想逃避C见异思迁D不信任对方该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.6答案:D迟疑的谈判对手的心理特征是：不信任对方；不让对方看透自已；极端讨厌被说服。

5.下列各国中，采用英美法系处理国际商务谈判纠纷的是( )SSS_SINGLE_SELA荷兰B瑞士C法国D中国该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.6答案:C6.下列有关涉外仲裁协议的说法中，正确的是( )SSS_SINGLE_SELA不能继续向法院上诉B不能临时设置仲裁庭C不能在第三国仲裁D不能自由选用仲裁规则该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.6答案:A我国法律规定，经我国涉夕卜仲裁机构作出的裁决，当事人不得向法院上诉。

全国4月高等教育自学考试外贸英语写作试题及答案解析

全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试外贸英语写作试题课程代码：00097第一部分选择题(共20分)Part One:Questions 1—20Directions:There are 20 sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.(在下列各题中选择一个最佳答案填空。

)20%1.A comparison of your offer ______ our regular suppliers shows that their prices are more favorable.A.with what ofB.with that ofC.with which ofD.to that of2.______ you make a 5% reduction,we will have to decline your offer this time.A.UnlessB.WhenC.AsD.Except3.We shall appreciate ______ us with an opinion as to the credit standing of the firm.A.providedB.to provideC.your providingD.your provision4.We have made it clear that the packing must be ______ to withstand rough handling.A.enoughly strongB.enough strongC.stronglyD.strong enough5.We are convinced that there is a considerable market waiting ______.A.developedB.to be developedC.developD.to develop6.We are sorry for our mistake in the number,______ resulted ______ your receiving the wrong goods.A.which …inB.this …fromC.that …ofD.it …as7.Every salesperson and every sales trainee ______ asked to sell twice as much next year.A.areB.wereC.isD.was8.We don't have enough employees in our department;______ we are behind on our production schedule.A.butB.thusC.andD.or9.______ delegates stayed in the Hotel Dupar during the convention.B.HeC.WeD.Them10.It is difficult to reconcile this new business venture ______ their recent bankrupting.A.ofB.toC.inD.with11.Our objectives are to make our stock profitable,to operate efficiently,and ______ good employeerelations.A.to developB.developedC.developingD.to developing12.Packed in a case,______.A.I could not find the sampleB.the sample could not be foundC.the sample could not findD.the sample could not found13.A ______ was granted to the working group that has worked on the project for three consecutivemonths.A.leave of ten-daysB.leave of ten-dayC.ten day leaveD.leave of ten days14.The general manager,together with the chiefs of the staff,______ considering ______ strategy.A.is …hisB.are …theirC.is ...their D.are (i)15.Barbara was a member of the group ______ visited us.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whom16.Spending on nondurable goods this year is ______.A.3% as high as last yearB.3% high as last yearC.3% higher than that of last yearD.higher 3% than last year17.Richard said that it was ______ used the microcomputer last night.A.he whomB.he whoC.him whoD.him whom18.Mr. Musto looked ______ as he left the room.A.calmyB.angrilyC.calmD.sadly19.Many famous financial institutions are located on ______.A.the wall streetB.The Wall StreetC.The Wall streetD.the Wall Street20.We ______ increase the prices of our packaging film and the prices of our entire line of paperproducts.A.find it necessary toB.find necessary it toC.find necessary toD.find it necessarily to第二部分非选择题(共80分)Part Two:Questions 21—30There is one mistake in each of the following questions.Detect and correct the mistakes. Write your corrections together with the mistakes on the answer sheet.(下列每句各有一个错误，找出错误并改正。

4月全国自考国际商务英语试题及答案解析

全国2018年4月自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1. customs area2. roll on-roll off traffic3. amendment4. gold standard5. gilt-edged stocks6. compound duties7. discount rate8. certificate of quality9. national treatment10. cost economiesⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%）11．世界银行12. 互利贸易13. 保兑信用证14. 装船通知15. 增值税16. 追溯到17. 原产地港口18. 货物保险19. 商品交易会20. 目的地Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right（10%）21. integration a. the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns22. voluntary offer b. connecting with the sea or navigation123. draft c. producing optimum results for the expenditure24. viability d. combining into a whole25. investment e. a person or an organization etc. that receives something26. export earnings f. the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract27. maritime g. an offer made on the initiative of the offerer28. premium h. money earned on the sale of goods to other countries29. cost-effective i. ability to succeed in operation30. recipient j. an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of moneyⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English （10%）31. absolute advantage32. irrevocable credit33. indemnity34. green field strategy35. APECⅤ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）36. Why is it necessary to revise Incoterms in 1990?37. Why was the Special Drawing Right created?38. What contents should be included in a firm offer?39. What does international business refer to?Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese （15%）40. In insurance of all risks, the insurer is responsible for total or partial loss or damage to the insured goods arising from natural elements or from sea perils, including all losses caused by accidents to the carrying vessels or craft or by any external causes. But it does not, as its name suggests, really cover all risks.41. The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world, the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities. Any international enterprise must bear Triad in mind if they want to be successful in the increasingly competitive world market.Ⅶ. Translate the following into English（25%）242.在正常的市场交易中，由于使用货币及市场手段，货物的买与卖是分别进行的。

05844 自考国际商务英语复习资料

05844 自考国际商务英语复习资料lesson 1 International Business1.International business国际贸易Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders ofdifferent customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.2.Visible trade有形贸易The form of commodity trade. i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one countryfor consumption or resale in another.3.Invisible trade无形贸易The form of service trade. i.e. transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc.4. Franchise特许An arrangement by which an monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.Franchising特许经营A special form of licensing. A firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logo, and operating techniques for royalty.5. Licensor 给予许可的人A person or a company granting a licenceLicensing许可经营/国际许可A firm lease the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Such as trademarks, brand names, patents, copyright or technology.6. Non-tariff barrier非关税壁垒All forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.7. Portfolio证券The entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling.8. Turnkey contract交钥匙工程One in which one of the parties agree to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.9. Contract manufacturing承包生产A firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain.11. Major differences between international business and domestic business.Ans: Differences in (1) legal system (2) currencies(3) cultural background:language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.(4) natural and economic conditions,12. Major types of international businessAns: (1) trade : A. commodity trade B. service trade(2) Investment :(difference)A. foreign direct investment (FDI外国直接投资)(is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.)B. portfolio investment 证券投资(refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.)(3) other types: A. licensing & franchising(in comparison with the relation between the licenser and licensee, franchiserhas more control over and provide more support for the franchisee.)B. management contract &contract manufacturingC. turnkey project & BOT(making profit from operating the project for a period )13. Why do firms choose licensing as a means of entering a foreign market? Ans:(1) do not have to make cash payments to start business ;(2) receive income in the form of royalty;(3) benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership ormanagement.14. Under what condition is management contract most applicable? Ans: When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers tobe of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation. A foreign companyto operate in the industry without owning the assets.Lesson 2 Income Level and the World Market1. PPP购买力平价--purchasing power parityPurchasing power购买力 of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.2.Recipient接受者 a person or an organization etc. that receives something.3. Infrastructure基础设施large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications,etc. Needed to support economic activity, esp.industry, trade and commerce.4. GNP---refer to the market value of goods and services produced by the property andlabor owned by the resident of an economy.(国民生产总值)(focuses on ownership of the factors of production)GDP---refer to the market value of all goods and services produced within thegeographic area of an economy.(国内生产总值)(concentrates on the place where production take place),5. Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into 3 categories:(1) high-income countries (per capita income of $9,386 and above):A. OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)B. Rich oil producing countries of the Middle East (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia &Arab Emirates)C. Small-industrialized countries or regions (Israel, Singapore, HK and Taiwan)(2) middle-income countries (per capita income bellow $9,386 but above $765 )A. 6 OECD members ( Czech, Greece, Hungary, Mexico and Turkey )B. -a. Some Latin American countries-b. Some Asia countries (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand)-c. Some South African and oil-producing countries (Libya, Nigeria, Algeria)(3) low-income countries (per capita incomes of only $765 or even less)Include: most African countries, some Asia countries and a few Latin American countries.6. High-income countries often have :(1)good infrastructure (2)high purchasing power (3)advanced technology(4)efficient management(5)favorable environment for trade and investmentA. Offer prime markets for expensive consumer goodsB. Are both attractive sources and destinations of investment7. Low-income countries should not be neglected in international business activities:(1) lower-priced staple goods (2) cheap labor(3) are often rich in resources (4)market is something to be developed8. In what way, GDP&per capita income significant in assessing(评估)the potential of aparticular market:(1)GDP is important in market assessment for durable equipment耐用设备or bulk goods大宗货物, such as grain谷物, steel, or cement水泥. (indicates the overall size of an economy)(2)Per capita income is important when marketing consumer durables.(reveals the average incomelevel of consumers)9. China with a per capita income of over $1,100 is a middle-income countriesthough is was a low income countries just a few years ago.10. The best policy for China to develop business opportunities iswherever advantageous while keeping in mind the key markets.11. Triad ---refers to the 3 richest region of the world ( the United States, the EU and Japan).Quad- --extend the scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadenedgrouping Quad.12.OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)经济合作发展组织headquarters in Paris, established in 1963, have 29members (23members are high-income countries& 6 middle-income countries).Lesson 3 Regional Economic Intergration1. Major objective of regional integrationTo better enjoy the benefit of free flow of goods, services, capital, labor and other resources, countries have signed various agreement to liberalize trade among themselves while putting up barriers toeconomic activities with non-members.,2. The characteristics of a common market(1)Free trade area自由贸易区members of a free trade removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders.(different members may have different tariff rates or quota restrictions.)The most notable(largest market)free trade area is NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement), formed by the United Stated, Canada, Mexico in 1991.(2)Customs union 关税同盟by adopting(采取)the same trade policy for all members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing(废除)trade barriers among themselves.(It's impossible for non-members to get into the market of the customs union in a detour(以迂回方式)as they possibly do in the case of trade with a free trade area.)(3)Common market共同市场the European Community remained a common market for some years in the pastA. Free movement of goods and servicesB. Adoption of common external trade policyC. Free movement of the factor of production (such as labor, capital, and technology)It's hard to say individual members will always benefit, still less to expect them to enjoy the advantage of factor mobility to the same degree.(4)Economic union 经济同盟A. is characterized by integration of the domestic policies of its members in respect of economy,finance etc. in addition to absence of trade barriers, practice of common external policy and freeproduction factor mobility.(not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies,etc.but also use the same currency. )B. the member countries are require to surrender some of their national sovereignty, which is erodingthe tradition of the world political system based on the autonomy and supreme power of sovereign states.3. The development of EU(the European Union)欧盟:1952---ECSC (the European Coal and Steel Community)For more ambitious integration efforts.1957---EEC (the European Economic Community)Treaty of Rome ---signedAim to realizing the free movement of goods, services, labor and capital as well asharmonization of economic policies of the member countries.1967---EC (the European community)became a ture common market as evisaged by --the Single European Actformed by emrging EEC, ECSC and EURATOM(the European Atomic Energy Community)1994---EU--the strength of the Maastricht Treaty---12members(6signatories of the Treaty of Rome :France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg +1973. Britain, Island and Denmark + 1981. Greece + 1986.Spain and Portugal)1995---15members (+Austria, Finland and Sweden)1999---use the common European currency for accounting and settlement2002---euro banknotes and coin were put into circulation.,4. The EU is a full-fledged(齐全的) entity.---composed of 20commissioners overseeing 23departments in charge of different affairs.---the commissioners appointed by member governments, but the commissioners are responsible tothe Union instead of their home country.(1)The Council of Ministers is the most powerful institution.A. has the final say on all important mattersB. has the power to pass legislationC. decision are made by votes allocated to member countries on the basis of their size.D. different ministers attend the council meetings depending on the matters discussed.(2)The European Parliament is an advisory body with limited power.A. vote EU membership application and trade agreements with non-members.B. believed that will be more powerful in the future.5. APEC(the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经合组织set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in Australian capital Canberra. 1991,attended by 12members.(1) 21members:all the major Pacific Rim countries and regions.(2) has a five-layer organization structureA. the Informal Meeting of Economic leaders---held annuallyB. the Dual-Ministerial Meeting ---attended by foreign ministers and ministers in chargeof foreign trade (excluding Chinese Taipei and HK)C.the Meeting for Ministers Responsible for TradeD.the Senior Officials Meetings(SOM)--attended by vice ministers, departmental directors or ambassadors to implement(执行) decisions by economicleaders and ministerial meeting.E.four subordinate committees under SOMmittee of Trade and Investmentb.Economic Committeec.Economic and Technical Cooperation Subcommittee of SOMd.Budget Management Committee(3)the tenet and objectives---(by the Seoul Declaration)" inter-dependence, mutual benefits, adhering to an open and multilateral trading system andreduction of regional trade barriers."(4)"the two wheels of APEC"(APEC co-operation concentrates on)A. trade and investment liberation and facilitation (TILF)B. economic and technical cooperation (ECOTECH)6.OPEC(the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)欧佩克--the most influential commodity cartel(account for 40%of the global oil production)(1)composed of 13members established in 1960 with headquarters at Vienna.(2)tried to limit the overall crude oil supply(原油供应) of the world for the purpose of maintaining higher oil prices.,Lesson 4 Economic Globalization1. Economic Globalization经济全球化 as a objective trend(1)The basic featurefree flow of commodity, capital, technology, service, :and information in the context for optimized allocation优化配置Major role:A. Giving new impetus动力 and providing opportunities to world economic development.B. Making the various economies more and more interdependent相互依赖and interactive相互影响.(2)The pros and cons: different countries and peoples do not enjoy balanced benefitsA. enables countries benefit from the boom of other countriesB. makes them more vulnerable to the adverse events across the globe.the best policy for us isto follow the trend closely, availing 利用the opportunities it offer todevelop ourselves and avoiding its possible impacts.2. Multinational enterprise (MNE)跨国企业A business organization which owns (whether wholly or partly), controls and manages assets, oftenincluding productive resources, in more that one country, through its member companies incorporated 有限公司separately in each of these countries.Each member company is known as a multinational corporation(MNC)跨国公司.(1)If the MNC is established as a result of investments by the MNE, whether through the parent or through another of its already established MNC, it is an affiliate MNC.(2)If the MNC is the original investment corporation,it is known as the parent MNC, normally alsothe international headquarters of the MNE.(3)An MNE may also have various regional or operational headquarters, in addition to itsinternational headquarters.3. The characteristics of MNE(1)enormous size(2)wide geographical spread (play an important role and why?)A. have a wide range of option in terms of decisions in areasB.take advantage of changes in the international economic environmentC.engage in worldwide integrated production and market giving rise to extensive intra-MNE transactions Bcs: in order to the security of its profits, assets, organization and operations.(3) longevity and rapid growth4. Commonly objective of MNE(needs, goals, and roles)(1) profit ---the profits goal represents the basic needs of the MNEs' shareholders(2) securityA.the security in the short-and-long-runB.the security of the MNE's assets and investmentC.the security of other organizational needsa. a favorable business environmentb. supplies of raw materials and other resource inputsc. effective organizational control and managementd. transportation and communicatione. technical improvementsf. employees including managers(3)as vehicles for cross-border transfer of resources,5. The relationship between MNEs &their host countriesHost government can and do wield power over MNCs located within their territories. MNCs areunder the legal jurisdiction of their host governments which can impose various rules, regulations and laws on the MNCs to the extent of nationalizing all their assets.6. 4 types of MNCs---according to their organization and way of operation(1)multi-domestic corporations a group of relatively independent subsidiaries. ---i(2)the global corporations-iews the world market as an integrated whole. --vPower and responsibility are concentrated at the headquarters that manage production and marketing to achieve theeconomies of scale as much as possible.(3)the transnational corporation--aim to achieve both efficiency and flexibility, the activities and resources are integrated in an interdependent network of affiliates.(4)world company--as their national identities are blurred to a large extent. -Very few companies reached this level of internationalization.When such companies increasing and become dominating, the possibility of conflicts among sovereign states may begreatly reduced. Possibly they will be instrumental to the realization of complete globalization.Lesson 5 --6 International Trade1. International trade国际贸易Is defined as the exchange of goods and service produced in one country with those produced inanother.2. Other reasons for international trade:(1)the uneven distribution of natural resources among countries(2)International specialization国际生产专门化A.absolute advantage绝对利益/绝对优势(理论)---holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms ofresources(capital, land, and labor.)---In reality, it is not rare that one country has no absolute advantage in any commodity.parative advantage比较优势(理论)---holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodity, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.---it can make one country better off好转 without making another worse off恶化.The first country should specialize in the production, and export of the commodity in which its absolute disadvantageis smaller, and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater.a.introduced by the English economist David Ricardo.b.not a static静止的 concept.(a)Switzerland--watchmaking (b)the United States--the most up-to-date technology.c.the cornerstone基石 of modern thinking on international trade.3. Primary commodities初级货物those commodities not processed, not only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw material.3. Other bases for trade among countries(1)patterns of demand(2)economy of scale(i.e. The cost advantage of large-scale production)The cost for the production will decrease if the goods are produced on a larger scale.(3)innovation or style,4. The theory of international specialization and other bases for trade seeks to answer thequestion:Which countries will produce what goods, with what trade patterns among them.5. The reasons for complete specialization may never occur(1)for strategic or domestic reasons.a country may continue to produce goods for which does not have an advantage.(2)affected by transport cost.( the cost of transport reduces the benefit of trade,like bulky or perishable goods)(3)protectionist measures which are often taken by governments.6.Tariff barriers关税壁垒---are the most common form of trade restriction.7.Tariff关税---is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area.8.customs area关税区---usually coincides with the area of a country.9.customs union关税同盟---is a customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations.10.Import duties进口税--are tariffs levied on goods entering an area.(more common) (1)specificduty--duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods.(2)ad valorem duty--duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods.(3)compound duty--the combination of specific duty&ad valorem duty.11.Export duties出口税--are tariffs levied on goods leaving an area.Coz. Most nations want to expand exports and increasing their foreign exchange earnings.12.drawback退税refers to duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.13.MFN(the most-favoured-nation)treatment最惠国待遇refers to a tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariffconcessions granted to any participating country.It is not really special but is just normal trading status. It gives a country the lowest tariffs only within the tariff'sschedule, is still possible to have lower tariffs.14.Quotas配额or quantitative restrictions数量限制the most common form of non-tariff barriers.A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time.The limits may be in quantity or value terms, and quotas may be on a country basis or global, without reference to countries.15.Visible trade--involves the import and export of goods.16.Invisible trade--involves the exchange of services between countries.(1)transportation service运输服务(2)insurance保险(Lloyd's of London is a leading exporter of this service)(3)tourism旅游(4)immigrant remittance移民汇款 ---refers to the money sent back to home countries by people working in a foreign land.,Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000《2000通则》1. The necessity and purpose of having Incoterms(1)eliminate any possibility of misunderstanding and subsequent dispute.(2)to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade termsin foreign trade.2. The revision of Incoterms took account of changes in transportation techniques.3. The 1990 revision of Incoterms was the desire to adapt terms to the increasing use of electronicdata interchange(EDI).It is of vital importance, when using EDI messages, to ensure that the buyer has the same legal position as he wouldhave obtained if he had received a bill of lading from the seller.4. The reasons for the 2000 revision of Incoterms(1)the spread of customs-free zones(2)changes in transportation practices(3)increasing use of electronic communication5.Incoterms 2000E terms---the seller makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller's own premises.(1)EXW---Ex work工厂交货F terms---the seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer.(2)FCA---Free Carrier货交承运人(3)FAS---Free Alongside Ship装运港船边交货(4)FOB---Free On Board装运港船上交货C terms--the seller has to contract for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss of or damage tothe goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment and dispatch.(5)CFR---Cost and Freight成本加运费(6)CIF--- Cost, Insurance and Freight成本、保险加运费(7)CPT---Cost Paid To 运费付至(8)CIP---Carriage and Insurance Paid To运费、保险费付至D terms---the seller has bear all costs and risk needed to bring the goods to the country ofdestination.(9)DAF---Delivered At Frontier边境交货(10)DES---Delivered Ex Ship目的港船上交货(11)DEQ---Delivered Ex Quay目的港码头交货(12)DDU---Delivered Duty Unpaid未完税交货(13)DDP---Delivered Duty Paid完税后交货6. The substantive实质性的changes made with Incoterms 2000:(1)the customs clearance and payment of duty obligations under FAS and DEQ.(2)the loading and unloading obligation under FCA.,Lesson 8 Business Contract1.Contract合同is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties.It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued andforced to make compensation, though most contract do not give rise to disputes.2.Business negotiation交易磋商: A legitimate contract can be either in written or oral form. (1)Oral---refers to direct discussion conducted:A.at trade affairsB.by sending trade groups abroadC.by inviting foreign customers(2)WrittenA. Enquiry询盘 ---is made without engagement on the part of the enquirer.a. made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity,specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.b. a first enquiry should be given, so as to facilitate the exporter's work:(a)how the name& address of the exporter have been obtained,(b)the business line and usual practice of the importer.B. Quotation报价---may be sent by the exporter which should include all the necessary informationrequired by the enquiry. Sometimes, the exporter may make an offer to an importer voluntarily. C.Offer and acceptance发盘与接受a firm offer---is a promise to sell goods at a stated price.The validity period is indispensable必不可少的.is open untill a stipulated time or it's accepted or rejected.made of :a. the time of shipmentb.the mode of payment desiredc.an exact description of the goods: quantity, quality, specifications, packing etc. D.Counter-offer还盘---is a refusal of the offer, the offeree may find part of the offer unacceptable and may raise for further discussions his own proposals. (the price, terms of payment, time of shipment, or otherterms and conditions of the offer.)Trade is considered concluded once an offer or a counter-offer is accepted.3. The necessity of the written contractis prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution.4. The types of contracts(1)sales contract--the contract is made by the seller(2)purchase contract--the contract is made by the buyer(3)sales/purchase confirmation--is less detailed than a contact, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. Usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.5. The setting of a contract(1)the title(2)the contract proper合同正文&address of the buyer and the sellerB.details of the commodity transactionC.terms and conditions mutually agreedD. Indication of the number of original copies, languages used, and the validity. (3)The signatures of the contracting parties(4)the stipulations规定on the back of the contractA.the shipping documents requiredB.force majeureC.arbitration仲裁D.claims理赔,,Lesson 9 Modes of Trade1.counter trade对销贸易--is a peculiar form of transaction allegedly popular in less developed countries and in centrally planned economies. It has become the generic term of describe a set of cross-border contracts that link a seller's exports to imports from the buyer.original:the pre-World War ? years the Reichsbank agreed to establish a clearing system that permitted traditional trade flows between Germany and the Balkans to continue.development:during the World War ?Britain use bilateral arrangements, West Europe setting up the European Payment Union. Subsequently,the countries of centrally planned economies(like Finland)trade credit accounts between familiar trading partners exchanged unrelated goods.In the 1970s and 1980s, counter trade partner are not necessarily familiar partner and goods exchanged are sometimes vertically related.2.The 3forms of counter trade(1)Barter易货贸易The direct exchange of goods and services which is completed in a short period of time.(2)Counter purchase互购贸易An intertemporal不同时的direct exchange of goods and services. Usually stipulated to be fulfilled within a given period of time.(3)Buyback回购贸易/补偿贸易An arrangement by an exporter or plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output product by these goods as full or partial payment.3.The 2difference between counter purchase and buyback(1)in buyback the goods and services taken back are tied to the original goods exportedbut not in counter purchase.(2)a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time than counter purchase.4.The features common to the 3forms of counter trade is bundling互相捆绑.Bundling--means the exchanges of goods and services are bundled together. (the exchanges are implemented either concurrently同时地or intertemporally不同时地)Unbundling greatly facilitates transaction and allow more efficient economic exchanges.5.The 5advantages in counter trade:(1)helps a country to deal with foreign exchange shortages; (2)promote exports;(3)reduce uncertainty regarding export receipts;(4)bypass an international price agreement(5)helps countries with debt problems to import goods.6.The drawbacks of counter trade:(1)concealing the real prices and costs of transactions . (2)company may suffer losses bcz they could not get rid of products of poor quality. (3)be considered as a form of protectionism.7.Other modes of trade:(1)processing trade加工贸易(2)consignment寄售(3)leasing trade租赁贸易(4)agency代理,,Lesson 10 International Payment1.Mutual trust is hard to build. purchase and sale of goods and service are carried out beyond national boundaries, which makes it rather difficult for the parities concerned in the transaction to。

国际商务英语 05844 连线题

一、1.Budget—预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as aguide in making financial arrangements.2.Return—回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3.Portfolio—证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate ofdeposits for purposes other than controlling4.Royalty—专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to theowner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.5.Expertise—专门知识expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-how.6.Licensor—认证颁发者a person or company granting a license.7.Patent—专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to makeand sell a newly-invented machine or process.8.Non-tariff barrier—非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs,including prohibitions and quotas, etc.9.Turnkey contract"交钥匙"合同—one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a completeproduct ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.10.Franchise—经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for theexclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.二、1.Purchasing power—购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.2.Assess—估价to judge an amount or value.3.spur—刺激to urge or encourage4.average—平数均of an ordinary, common or usual kind in quality or amount5.Productive—有成效的,多产的producing in high efficiency or in large quantity6.tap—开发,利用to take what is needed from, to exploit7.Infrastructure—基础设施large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radiocommunications, etc. needed to support economic activity, esp. industry, trade and commerce.8.recipient—接受者a person or an organization etc. that receives something9.consumerism—消费主义considerable desire to make purchase for consumption10.PPP—购买力平价purchasing power parity三、1.liberalization—自由化of trade, the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exports2.integration—一体化combining into the whole3.tariff—关税tax levied by the customs4.barriers to trade贸易壁垒—any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of itscountry.5.Mobility—机动性capacity that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place.6.detour—绕道route that avoids a blocked road; deviation7.banknote—纸币printed paper money issued by a bank, usu. the country’s central bank.8.erode—侵蚀wear away, eat into9.envisage—想象picture(an event, action, etc) in the mind as a future possibility; imagine10.veto—否决权right to reject or forbid something四、1.affiliate—分公司a subsidiary company controlled by another2.assets—资产total resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates etc.3.world company—a multinational whose national identity has been blurred4.facilities—设施,设备something designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particularservice5.revenue—收益the total annual income of state6.decentralize—使分权distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area7.nationalize—使国有化to bring under the control or ownership of a nation\8.welfare—福利well-being9.framework—体系organization structure10.input—投入something that is put in business operation五、1.service—服务something done to help or benefit others2.abundant—充裕的plentiful, more than enough3.specialization—专门化to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields4.primary commodities—初级商品those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farmproduce or raw materials5.incentive—刺激,鼓励that which incites, rouses or encourages a person6.alternative—二选一,供选择的that may be had, used etc. In place of something. else7.intuitive—直觉relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study8.efficient—高效的,胜任的producing a desired or satisfactory result; able to perform duties well9.endowment—天赋a natural gift or ability10.exploit—开发to develop the use of, make the best use of六1.drawback—退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported2.highlight—强调to make prominent; to draw special attention3.bulky—笨重的,庞大的taking a lot of space, and often of a shape difficult to handle4.perishable—易腐烂的easily to go bad5.tariff—关税duties imposed on goods imported and exported6.specific duties—从量税duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods7.ad valorem duties—从价税duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods8.unilaterally—单方面地done by one side or party only9.maritime—海事的,海上的connected with the sea or navigation10.remittance—汇款money sent by post七w suit—诉讼案件legal prosecution2.dispute—争论,辩驳argument or controversy3.remedy—补救,矫正method of putting right something that is wrong4.amendment—修正changes made to something5.Incoterms—国际贸易术语解释通则a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms6.present—提交submit7.premise—前提a tract of land including its buildings8.heading—主题category9.classification—分类,类别the arrangement of things by groups10.carriage—运输the price or cost of transportation八1.business line—业务范围goods dealt in by a company2.voluntary offer—主动推荐an offer made on the initiative of the offeror3.contract—合约an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant parties4.indispensable—不可缺少的absolutely necessary5.contract proper—合同条款the main body of a contract6.contracting parties—契约当事人,签约各方signatories of an agreement7.force majeure—不可抗力social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party8.purchase contract—购货合同a contract made by the buyer9.firm offer—实盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer10.offeree—受要约人the party to whom an offer is made九1.popular—受欢迎的liked and admired2.hyperinflation—恶性通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control3.nflation—通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc.4.protectionism—贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and othermeans imposed on competitive imports5.bilateral—双边的of two sides6.bundling—捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together7.expertise—专门知识expert skill or knowledge8.creditors—债权人a person to whom one owns money9.transferable—可转让的possible to be handed over10.verified data—核实数据authentic materials11.十1. debtor—借方,债务人a person who owes money2. default—不履行责任fail to carry out an obligation3. dubious—可疑的doubtful, uncertain, questionable4. draft—汇票an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money5. remittance—汇款the sending of money or the money sent6. fluctuation—波动,起伏irregular movement of (prices, exchange rates etc.)7. drawer—出票人the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter8. sound—有效的,合理的financially satisfactory9. ban—禁止,剥夺权利prohibit, forbid10. drawee—付款人the person to whom a draft is drawn十一1. credit-worthiness—信用可靠性,信誉being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment2. substantial—大量的large, great, considerable3. constitute—建立,制定make up; amount to; form4. applicant of an L/C—开证申请人the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C5. beneficiary—受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export6. discrepancy—差异,不一致difference; absence of agreement7. confirming bank—保兑银行the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C8. bill of exchange—汇票written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment9. underlying—基本的,优先的forming the basis of10. reimburse—退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent十二1. clean credit—清洁信用a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment2. cancel—作废,注销not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon3. leading bank—牵头行major bank, most important bank4. impeccable—无瑕疵的faultless5. insolvent—无力偿还的unable to pay debts6. sight credit—即付信用状a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft7. maturity—到期becoming due8. after sight—见票后照付after presentation of draft9. middleman—中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer10. sustain—认可,经受suffer十三1.documentation—文件,证明文件the presentation and use of shipping documents2.consignee—承销人,收货人the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped3.shipping marks—唛头what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course oftransportation4.discrepancy—差异,不一致absence of agreement5.liability—责任,债务what one is responsible for according to law6.apparent—明显的,表面上的according to appearance; seeming7.insurance policy—保险单a document used for covering possible risks8.discount—折扣,贴现率amount of money that may be taken off the full amount9.title—头衔,权利right to the possession of a position or property10.invoice—发票a document for the general description of the goods and the price11.十四1.alternative—两者择一的,供选择的a choice from two or more possibilities.2.modes—模式different forms of transportation3.fundamental—根本的,重要的very important4.ownership—所有权legal right of possession5.intermediate products—中间商品semi-manufacturesmercial intercourse—贸易往来,通商business dealings between individuals or firms7.unload—卸下,卸货getting goods off a carrier8.package—包装, 打包combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit9.distribution—分配,散布,销售量the marketing, transporting, merchandising, and selling of any item10.destination—目的地,终点the terminal to which goods are sent十五1.insured—被保险者a person covered by an insurance policy2.premium—保险费,溢价the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract3.potential loss—潜在损失loss which is possible to incur4.viability—可行性ability to succeed in operation5.claim—请求,索赔a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy6.margin—保证金amount above what is estimated as necessary7.underwriter—保险商a person who carries on insurance as a business8.consumption—消费,消耗the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable advantagepensation—补偿,保险金something given or received as an equivalent for loss10.pooling—联营a combination of funds formed for common advantage十六1.field—领域a sphere of activity2.incidence—发生(率),入射occurrence3.multi-modal transportation—多式联运transport that combines road, rail, sea and air4.diminish—减少,减损the right to collect from an endorser a payment of loss5.indemnity—赔偿compensation for loss6.subrogate—代理, 代替to substitute a claim against one person for a claim against another person7.legal action—法律诉讼an action taken against someone in accordance with the law8.leader—领导者,指挥者an insurer who is well-known in a particular class of business9.deposit—定金money paid as part payment that is ownedpulsory—强制的that must be done十七1.peg—支柱, 钉to keep fixed or unchanged2.redeem—兑现,偿还to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock3.settlement—结算,协议the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc4.exchange rate—汇率the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency5.fluctuations—波动upward and downward movements in the economic system6.gold reserves—黄金储备the stock of gold coin and bullion held by a note-issuing bank in a country on the goldstandard.7.money circulation—货币流通量money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services8.devaluation—货币贬值the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units ofgold or as compared with other currencies9.offset—补偿,抵消,弥补to set one value against another or as equal to another10.par—同等, 票面价值equal in value, on the same level十八1.affiliate—分公司,附属机构a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern2.institutions—体系an organization or establishment devoted to the promotion of a particular object3.productivity—生产率,生产力power of being productive4.loans—贷款something lent on condition of being returned, especially a sum of money lent at interest5.prerequisite—先决条件,前提required as a condition for something else6.cyclical—循环的,周期的recurring in cycles7.maturity—(支票等的)到期the time when a note or bill of exchange or a loan becomes due8.reserve—预备品,贮存money held aside to meet future demand9.investment—投资,投资额,投入the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns10.stringent—严格的strict, that must be obeyed十九12.quota—限额,配额a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity13.VER—自愿碳减排交易模式an agreement by a country’s exporters or government to limit their exports orgovernment to limit their exports to another country14.acquisition—获得,所获之物company expansion through the phrase of other business15.synergy—协同作用,增效作用benefits from combining different business, normally claimed by the promoters ofmergers16.rebate—减少,回扣reduce17.intellectual property—知识产权certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patentprotection, registered trademarks and designs, and copy-right18.tax holiday—免税期a period of time during which tax is not levied19.return—（收益)回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of theinvestment20.access—进入, 使用之权a way by which a place, esp. property, can be reached or entered or used21.joint venture—合资企业a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms二十1.market place—商业中心地,市场a place in which securities are sold and bought2.securities—股票,有价证券stocks and bonds3.gilts—优良证券,金边证券,即国债stocks issued by governmentrmation—信息,情报knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance5.qualifications—资格,合格证书competence6.membership—成员资格,会员全体the state of being a member of a certain organization7.practitioner—从业者,实践者a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation8.cost-effective—有成本效益的,划算的producing optimum results for the expenditure9.shortfall—不足,差额deficiency10.equities—(无固定利息的)股票company stocks二十一1.ratify—批准,认可make an arrangement or a treaty officially valid by signing it.2.controversy—争议,(公开的)争论public argument about sth. which many people disagree with3.biennial—两年一次的happening every alternate year4.clout—影响力influence5.anti-dumping—反倾销one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfaircompetition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured6.mandate—授权authority given to perform a duty7.stillborn—流产(of a child) dead at birth; (of an idea or a plan) not developing further8.contracting party—立约者a country or firm that signs a legal agreement9.akin to—类似, 近于similar, related to10.optimal—最理想的,最佳的best or most favorable二十二1.terms of trade—进出口货价之间的比率the relation of export and import prices2.preference—优惠,偏爱,优先a practical advantage given to one over others3.export earnings—出口收益money earned on the sales of goods to other countries4.provisions—规定条款a formal or explicit statement of conditions demanded5.tariffs—关税customs duties imposed by a government on imports or exports6.invisible—看不见的,无形的trade in services7.board—董事会an official group of persons who direct or supervise some activities of a firm8.permanent—永久的,持久的lasting9.counterpart—职务相当的人,对应物a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function10.forum—讨论会,论坛an outlet for discussion of matters of interest to a given group。

自考05844国际商务英语(真题-词组解释)

International business: refer to transaction between parties from different countriesVisible trade:exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in anotherInternational investment: supplying capital by residents of one country to anotherFDI(foreign direct investments)is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.Portfolio investment refers to purchase of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.Franchising,a firm called the franchisee,is allowed to operate in the name of another,called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks,brand names,logos,and operating techniques for royalty.Turnkey project,a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build,O for operate and T for transfer.For a BOT project,a firm operate a facility for a period of time after bulding it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company.Customs union:A customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations is called a customs unionTrade terms are terms used in international trade to describe the general information about the trade, such as the unit price, port of shipment, port of destination and the kind of currency.Protectionism is a trade barrier to international trade for the purpose of protecting a nation’s own domestic market and industries. It includes tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.A multinational enterprise is a business organization which owns,controls and manages assets,in more than one country, through its member companies incorporated.Per capita GNP refers to the total value of the goods and services per man provided by all kinds of sectors during a certain period ( a year, a quarter, etc )Force majeure is a default of the contract which is given rise to not because of the contracting parties’default,but of the uncontrollable causes.One type of the cause is the natural force and the other is social cause.Drawer: The person who draws the bill of exchange is called the drawer.Proximate cause of loss:When an insurance policy is made out to cover a certain risk,a claim becomes payable only if the risk occurred as the proximate cause of the loss suffered.The proximate cause is the direct cause of the loss.Shortfall means the shortage of amount or values of certain goods.Tariff concession list:It refers to the list of commodities on which the deduced tariff rate is stipulatedCompound duty:a type of tariff levied according both the amounts and the prices of the commodities.Customs cleance:as to customs clearance,for ordinary imported goods,the customs will sign on the shipping documents to release the goods.But for some particular duty–free goods or bonded goods,the customs still have control over it after the consignee acknowledged the receipt of shipmentInsurance is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provide a payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism. Those who transfer risk are called insured. Those who assume risk are called insurers.Standby arrangements:That’s the standby credit arrangement given by IMF to its member countries.Escape clause:It’s a clause of contemporary canceling of the preferential tariff when some domestic industries are damaged because in bilateral and multilateral negotiations and agreements there are excessive importing commodities that enjoy the deduction of tariff and other trade allowance for the contracting parties.Non-trade settlement mainly means the settlement which occurs not because of trade between the trading parties, but of the other reasons such as the government agreement.Intermediate products are products which are not the same as the raw materials or as the finished goods. They can called semi-finished products.Counter trade is the generic terms to describe a set of cross border contracts which link a seller’s exports to imports from the buyer.Intra-MNE transfer refers to the transfer among the different units within the range and under the control of MNCFair trade refers to the trade conducted by two parties on the equal treatment.Beneficiary: The exporter in whose favour the credit is openedConsular visa is a visa signed by one country’s consul in another country when the visaed subject is about to go through the customs between these two countries.Incoterms are short for the international rules for interpretation of trade terms,the purpose of it is to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade.Thus,the uncertainties of different interpretation of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree.Contribution:A person can not be allowed to insure twice for the same risk,and claim compensation from both insurers.If two policies do cover the same event the insurance companies contribute pro rata to the loss, and the insured is only restored to the indemnity position.The most favoured nation clause:It is most effective method to avoid the damage by bilateral talks to the world trade.Countries can automatically enjoy the favorable tariffs given by the relevant countries to the other countries.Consignment trade is a kind of trade in which the seller ships his goods abroad,and his agent in that country will sell the goods for him,and the title to the goods still belongs to the seller before the goods are sold.Productivity is a ratio figure which indicates how much inputs should be needed to produce the goods. It is a sensitive index to measure the economic growth of one industry or of one nationInsurable interest:No one may insure anything unless he has an interest in it,which means that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit from its preservationGroup of77:It’s a group initiated by some countries in Asia,Africa and Latin America in order to maintain their interests and protest the deprivation of the imperialist countries.At present,the group of 77 countries has expanded to include more than 100 countries and regionsIDA refers to the international Development association established in1960to provide financial assistance primarily in the poorer developing countries and on terms that would bear less heavily on their balance of payments.Documents against payment at sight requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documentsTransportation deregulation has removed the shackles of control,both shippers and carriers are free to negotiate the best rate and service packages to meet the needs of both parties.Clearing system is a government agreement where the trade balance is finalized by accounting and offsetting the debts and credits between two countriesComparative advantage:Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.Clean credit,credits that only require clean draft,i.e.draft not accompanied with shipping documents for payment are clean credit.Known premium is the cost the insured should have to pay the insurance company for the insured goods.Hyperinflation is a kind of inflation in which the market prices are soaring quickly.The devaluation rate of the currency is astronomical.The normal economic activities are out of the order,and finally lead to the collapse of the whole monetary system.Parent MNC is the original investing multinational corporation.It is also the international headquarters of the MNE.Letter of credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation of the relevant documents.Legal holder is an owner of a property who is entitled to it by lawTrading practices are widely-acknowledged customary deeds experienced from actual trade. Secondary capital market is the market where the issued securites are traded,it includes the stock exchange and the over-the –counter market.World Bank group,it is a complex institutions composed of IBRD,IDA,IFC and MIGA,with the main purpose of helping raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed countries.Opening bank: the bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank.Freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effect of such movement as the development and advancement of businessClaims are activities for the insured to get compensation from the insurer according to the insurance policy for the insured, also damaged subject.Balance of payments:it is a statement of the total payments to the total receipts from foreitn countriesTransfer technology:it means the activity that technology suppliers transfer the technologies of production, management and marketing to the receivers in any proper way. The pure export of goods is not within this range.。

自学考试_全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题(05844)

绝密★考试结束前全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码:05844 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上㊂注意事项: 1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称㊁姓名㊁准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上㊂ 2.用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上㊂Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)1.turnkey project2.EDIpound duties4.CPT5.trade credit accounts6.partial shipment7.cargo receipt8.port of origin9.buying rate10.tariff quotaⅡ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)11.债权国12.董事会13.关税联盟14.缔约方15.分阶段付款16.资金周转17.产品自然领域18.股权投资19.增值税20.技术转让Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)21.spur a.unable to pay debts22.welfare b.ability to succeed in operation23.remittance c.to urge or encourage24.business line d.to repay or pay off25.drawee e.a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function26.insolvent f.a person to whom a draft is drawn27.viability g.a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation28.redeem h.money sent by post29.practitioner i.goods dealt in by a company30.counterpart j.well⁃beingⅣ.Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)31.invoice32.credit⁃worthiness33.revenue34.exchange rate35.FCAⅤ.Answer the following questions in English(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)36.Explain briefly how a member borrows from the International Monetary Fund.37.What is a joint venture?How are the proportions of ownership determined?38.What are the differences between visible trade and invisible trade?Give a few examples of invisible trade.39.What are the nature and objectives of OPEC?Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese(本大题共2小题,第40小题7分,第41小题8分,共15分)40.Sending goods from one country to another,as part of a commercial transaction,can be a risky business.If they are lost or damaged,or if delivery does not take place for some other reason, the climate of confidence between parties may degenerate to the point where a law suit is brought.41.In a broad sense,transportation is defined as the movement of freight and passengers from one location to another.The important common element in any definition of transportation,however, is movement:changing the physical location of freight or passengers.Products must be moved to the locations where they are needed and wanted,such as groceries moved to a supermarket.5分,共25分)Ⅶ.Translate the following into English(本大题共5小题,每小题㊂42.对外直接投资是国际投资的主要方式,而控制成本则是企业对外投㊂43.口头业务协商指的是面对面的直接谈判或通过㊂44.许多人欢呼经济全球化带来的好处,但同时也有强烈的反对声音㊂45.许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的,汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命,即在一国生产或制造商品而46.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现㊂进行消费或转售。

2018年四月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语二答案

2018年四月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语二答案本试卷共四大题，12页，满分110分。

考试时间120分钟。

注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、考点考场号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

听力部分一、听录音，选出你所听到的选项。

（5分）（）1、A. traffic B. train C. tell（）2、A. taxi B. film C. ship（）3、A. street B. sled C. straight（）4、A. stop B. go C. wait（）5、A. next weekend B. today C. tomorrow二、听录音，选择恰当的答语。

（10分）（）1、A. You can take the No.15 busB. You can see the No.15 bus.C. Go straight and you can see the cinema.（）2、A. It’s the post officeB. It’s next to the post office.C. It’s next to the supermarket.（）3、A. No, it isn’t.B. No, there isn’t.C. Yes, there isn’t.（）4、A. You’re right.B. You’re welcome.C. see you.三、听录音，判断下列句子与你所听内容是（T）否（F）一致。

全国2017年4月自考《国际商务英语》试题05844

绝密★考试结束前全国2017年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码:05844 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上㊂注意事项: 1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称㊁姓名㊁准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上㊂ 2.用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上㊂Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese.(10%)1.irrevocable credit2.customer mobility3.periodic payments4.executive body5.advising bank6.transfer of technology7.insurable interest8.consignmentmitment10.income distributionⅡ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.(10%)11.金本位制12.退税13.修改14.分批装运15.免责条款16.关税税率17.投资收益18.折扣19.无形贸易20.保险单Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right.(10%)21.liability a.trade in servicespensation b.a person or company granting a license23.gilts c.major bank,most important bank24.invisibles d.what one is responsible for according to law25.licensor e.the act of paying a bill,debt,charge,ect.26.offeree f.of trade,the act of government in lifting controls over imports andexports.27.leading bank g.something given or received as an equivalent for loss28.settlement h.the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C29.liberalization i.stocks issued by government30.confirming bank j.the party to whom an offer is madeⅣ.Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.(10%)31.documents against acceptance32.non⁃draft creditmercial invoice34.the unlisted securities market35.GSPⅤ.Answer the following questions in English.(20%)36.What are the disadvantages of counter trade?37.What is most favored nation treatment?38.What are the characteristics of a common market?39.What is the difference between domestic transportation and international transportation?Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese.(15%)40.The term economic globalization”is now being used with increasing frequency in newspapers, magazines,seminars and international conferences.With the basic feature of free flow of commodity,capital,technology,service,and information in the global context for optimized allocation,economic globalization is giving new impetus and providing opportunities to world economic development.41.In international trade it is almost impossible to match payment with physical delivery of the goods,which constitutes conflicting problems for trade,since the exporter prefers to get paid before releasing the goods and the importer prefers to gain control over the goods before paying the money.The letter of credit is an effective means to solve these problems.Its objective is to facilitate international payment by means of the credit⁃worthiness of the bank.Ⅶ.Translate the following into English.(25%)42.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同㊁承包生产和交钥匙”工程㊂43.还盘是对发盘的拒绝,一旦作出还盘,原报盘即失效而失去约束力㊂44.对企业来说损失的价值要比个人高很多,因此保险费也比一栋房子或一辆车高出许多㊂45.贸易和发展理事会是联合国贸易和发展会议的常设机构㊂46.按照比较利益学说,两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中得到好处㊂。

国际商务英语试题+答案

广东外语外贸大学公开学院辅导资料国际商务英语试卷（一）课程代码：05844I. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1.International business2.GDP3.Free trade area4.Multinational corporation5.Specialization6.specific duty7.roll on roll off8.EDI9.article number10.auctionⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English （10%）11.返倾销12.最惠国条款13.贴现14.充分就业15.保兑信用证16.零库存17.代位，取代18.保护主义19.免除条款（豁免条款）20.证券交易所Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right （10%）21.contracting party a. amount above what is estimated as necessary22.gilts b. a business concern owned or controlled in wholeor in part by another concern23.cyclical c. recurring in cycles24.affiliate d. stocks issued by government25.legal action e. an action taken against some one in accordancewith the law.26.margin f. a country or firm that signs a legal agreement27.pooling g. a trace of land including its buildings28.verified data h. a set of international rules for the interpretation oftrade terms29.Incoterms i. authentic materials30.premises j. a combination of funds formed for common advantageⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms in English（10%）31.MFN32. Invisible trade33.firm offer34.open account35.L/CⅤ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）36. Was China a low -income country a few years ago? How about now?37. Can you explain the word “negotiable” in the p hrase “negotiable transport? document” ?38. What is the most common form of non-tariff barriers? Explain it in a few words.39. What is economy of scale? What is the relation between economy of scale and trade?Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese（15%）40. Documentary collection is a means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.The exporter sends the bill of exchange and the shipping documents to his bank, which forwards them to a bank in the customer’s country. This bank, or the exporter’s agents in the country concerned, takes the documents to the customer. If it is a sight bill the customer pays the amount directly. If it is a time bill he signs the bill, which means he has “accepted” it for payment within a certain specified time. In return for either payment or acceptance of payment, the customer is handed the shipping documents which give title to the goods.Ⅶ. Translate the following into English（25%）41. 在国际贸易中进出口双方都面临风险，因为总存在对方不履约的可能42. 对于一笔具体交易来说，信用证不一定是最理想的付款方式。

自考英语二2018年4月真题及答案

自考英语二2018年4月真题及答案1、People cut down many trees ______ elephants are losing their homes. （）[单选题] *A. ifB. butC. so(正确答案)D. or2、These apples smell _____ and taste ______. [单选题] *A. well; wellB. good; good(正确答案)C. well; goodD. good; well3、His handwriting is better than _____. [单选题] *A. mine(正确答案)B. myC. ID. me4、_____ yuan a month _____ not enough for a family of three to live on today. [单选题] *A. Five hundred; is(正确答案)B. Five hundreds; areC. Five hundred; areD.Five hundreds; is5、He was very excited to read the news _____ Mo Yan had won the Nobel Prize for literature [单选题] *A. whichB. whatC. howD. that(正确答案)6、Betty works as a waitress to earn money for her education. [单选题] *A. 服务员(正确答案)B. 打字员C. 秘书D. 演员7、We moved to the front row_____we could hear and see better. [单选题] *A. so asB. so that(正确答案)C. becauseD. such that8、My friend and classmate Selina（)running in her spare time. [单选题] *A.likeB. likes (正确答案)C. is likedD. is liking9、Jim will _______ New York at 12 o’clock. [单选题] *A. get onB. get outC. get offD. get to(正确答案)10、Jack can speak Japanese, and his brother can _______ speak Japanese. [单选题] *A. tooB. also(正确答案)C. eitherD. as well11、_______ songs is my favorite. [单选题] *A. To Singing EnglishB. Singing English(正确答案)C. Singings EnglishD. Sing English12、--Henry treats his secretary badly.--Yes. He seems to think that she is the _______ important person in the office. [单选题] *A. littleB. least(正确答案)C. lessD. most13、Every morning John takes a（）to his office. [单选题] *A. 20-minutes' walkB. 20 minute ' walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk(正确答案)14、_______, Mr. Smith. [单选题] *A. Here your tea isB. Here is your tea(正确答案)C. Here your tea areD. Here are your tea15、50．—The sweater is not the right ________ for me.—Well, shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one? [单选题] *A．priceB．colorC．size(正确答案)D．material(材料)16、pencil - box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ____. [单选题] *A. Tom's; my; heB. Tom's; mine; his(正确答案)C. Tom's; mine; himD. Tom's; my; his17、Could you tell me _____ to fly from Chicago to New York? [单选题] *A.it costs how muchB. how much does it costC. how much costs itD.how much it costs(正确答案)18、We _____ three major snowstorms so far this winter. [单选题] *A.hadB. haveC. have had(正确答案)D.had had19、( ) Do you have any difficulty _____ these flowers？I’d like to help you if you need.[单选题] *A in planting(正确答案)B for plantingC with plantingD to plant20、He can’t meet his friends tonight because he _______ do homework. [单选题] *A. has to(正确答案)B. needC. have toD. don’t have to21、Mary's watch is more expensive than _____. [单选题] *A. Susan's(正确答案)B. that of Susan'sC. that of SusanD. Susan22、--_______ do you have to do after school?--Do my homework, of course. [单选题] *A. What(正确答案)B. WhenC. WhereD. How23、If you get _______, you can have some bread on the table. [单选题] *A. happyB. hungry(正确答案)C. worriedD. sad24、—Why do you look so ______?—Our team won the basketball match!（）[单选题] *A. angryB. excited(正确答案)C. nervousD. unfair25、Kate has a cat _______ Mimi. [单选题] *A. called(正确答案)B. callC. to callD. calling26、—Does your grandpa live ______ in the country?—Yes. So I often go to visit him so that he won’t feel ______. （）[单选题] *A. alone; aloneB. lonely; lonelyC. lonely; aloneD. alone; lonely(正确答案)27、Before you quit your job, （）how your family will feel about your decision. [单选题] *A. consider(正确答案)B. consideringC. to considerD. considered28、———Must I return the book you lent me to you now? ——No, you( ）. You can keep it for another few days. [单选题] *A.can’tB. shouldn'tC. mustn'tD. don, t have to(正确答案)29、During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ ameal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. [单选题] *A. shareB. to share(正确答案)C. having sharedD. shared30、I’m _______ I must be leaving now. [单选题] *A. afraid(正确答案)B. thinkC. thoughtD. free。

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绝密★考试结束前
全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试
国际商务英语试题
课程代码:05844
请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上㊂
注意事项:
1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称㊁姓名㊁准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上㊂
2.用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上㊂
Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
1.turnkey project
2.EDI
pound duties
4.CPT
5.trade credit accounts
6.partial shipment
7.cargo receipt
8.port of origin
9.buying rate
10.tariff quota
Ⅱ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
11.债权国
12.董事会
13.关税联盟
14.缔约方
15.分阶段付款
16.资金周转
17.产品自然领域
18.股权投资
19.增值税
20.技术转让
Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
21.spur a.unable to pay debts
22.welfare b.ability to succeed in operation
23.remittance c.to urge or encourage
24.business line d.to repay or pay off
25.drawee e.a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function
26.insolvent f.a person to whom a draft is drawn
27.viability g.a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation
28.redeem h.money sent by post
29.practitioner i.goods dealt in by a company
30.counterpart j.well⁃being
Ⅳ.Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)
31.invoice
32.credit⁃worthiness
33.revenue
34.exchange rate
35.FCA
Ⅴ.Answer the following questions in English(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)
36.Explain briefly how a member borrows from the International Monetary Fund.
37.What is a joint venture?How are the proportions of ownership determined?
38.What are the differences between visible trade and invisible trade?Give a few examples of invisible trade.
39.What are the nature and objectives of OPEC?
Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese(本大题共2小题,第40小题7分,第41小题8分,共15分)
40.Sending goods from one country to another,as part of a commercial transaction,can be a risky business.If they are lost or damaged,or if delivery does not take place for some other reason, the climate of confidence between parties may degenerate to the point where a law suit is brought.
41.In a broad sense,transportation is defined as the movement of freight and passengers from one location to another.The important common element in any definition of transportation,however, is movement:changing the physical location of freight or passengers.Products must be moved to the locations where they are needed and wanted,such as groceries moved to a supermarket.Ⅶ.Translate the following into English(本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分)
42.对外直接投资是国际投资的主要方式,而控制成本则是企业对外投资的主要动机㊂
43.口头业务协商指的是面对面的直接谈判或通过国际长途电话进行的商谈㊂
44.许多人欢呼经济全球化带来的好处,但同时也有强烈的反对声音㊂
45.许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的,汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令㊂
46.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现,即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国
进行消费或转售㊂。