2015年1月31日雅思阅读真题与解析
2015年1月31日雅思真题答案
2015年1月31日雅思真题答案
2015年1月31日雅思真题答案下载：
/20150131/347843.html?seo=wenku2024
2015年1月31日雅思真题答案经过小马过河老师团队的精心整理已经全面发布了，考生可以复制链接进入免费下载使用。
回忆7
沈师room1 考官是一个和蔼的老爷爷而且据蹲题说第一考场基本都是新题part1 work or study star weekend part2 在网上学到了什么part3 谈论一堆堆学生该不该上网上网的好处坏处还有social networking 求考到6就好第一时间分享攒人品
回忆8
天津外国语room1 白人男考官超nice p1 全名专业住哪teacher nature p2 something you borrowed p3 关于借东西的一系列问题
回忆9
part1 住的地方，邮件还是信件，有无超市part2 想重温的旅行part3关于旅行的
回忆10
哭着来攒人品沈阳师范r5 p1 work or study，collect sth，museum p2 help stranger p3 works that people help people 准备的话题都没考museum一点没看啊
回忆14
电子科大R7 爬1 major Where you from 是否长期和家人住在一个地方家长景点爬2 A project/homework U did Part3 应不应该布置作业怎样看待给小孩布置作业布置作业的方式
2015年1月31日雅思真题答案下载：
/20150131/347843.html?seo=wenku2024。
2015年1月31日雅思真题回忆
2015年1月31日雅思真题回忆
2015年1月31日雅思真题回忆下载：
/20150201/yszh-fsy-020104.html?seo=wenku2023
2015年1月31日雅思考试已经结束了，考生对于自己的考试是否还算满意呢，小马过河团队老师总结了2015年1月31日雅思真题回忆，考生可以辅助连接免费下载，供考生们使用。
回忆22
武汉省实验rm3,印裔中年女,p1工资，鞋子,休息, p2 有趣的谈话,p3男性女性谈的话题等等不记得了。
面无表情时间紧凑,part3很刁难,连续打断连并问了不下10题,我都懵了,感觉她是不是没听到想听的内容?求6.5，上次都有6.5的只是听力失手被迫重考
回忆23
上外room308 一白人不太笑求好运啊part1. 专业housework. cooking. Part2 想做现在还做不了part3 父母没时间教小孩技能对不对学习电脑是不是一步一步求人品啊~传说拜雅思哥有好运
回忆24
首经贸rm4，老题，趴1，学习，假期，自然，趴2浪费时间，趴3时间管理，英国小哥长得有点像悲惨世界的男主，求过6!
回忆25
合肥中澳210 part1房子或公寓，博物馆，天空。
趴兔好消息趴3广告，什么年龄喜欢了解信息，现在的信息好还是过去的好。
，高考完
回忆26
郑州轻工room2 男考官看起来friendly 有些观点他也点头p1 apartment/house enjoy否P2 advice P3 give young people advice
2015年1月31日雅思真题回忆下载：
/20150201/yszh-fsy-020104.html?seo=wenku2023。
2015年01月31日雅思考试口语考题回顾
雅思考试口语考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心吴微微考试日期 2015年1月31日Part 1考题总结考题总结Self-introduction and personal informationWhat’s your name? What does it mean to you?What names are popular in your culture?Are there many people who have the same name as yours?What name would you like to give to your own child in future?Are you a student or worker? Do you like your student life?Study & WorkDo you work or are you a student?What's your major? Have you ever communicated about your major with your friends?Will you study with others in the future? Why?What is your plan for your future study?When you study, do you feel happy?What’s your favorite subject? What do like most about it?Do you enjoy your school life? What are the benefits of being a student?What do you usually do after class?JobWhat’s your job?Have you ever changed your job?What’s your routine job? / What do you do in the office every day? What’s your responsibility in your company?Do you satisfy with your job? /What aspects do you like or dislike about your job?What job do you like to do in the future?HometownWhich part of China are you from?Who do you like to stay with when you are in the hometown?What is the weather like in your hometown?What do you like best about your hometown?Do you think your hometown is a good place for children to grow up? Are there many places of interest in your hometown?What are the changes of your hometown? What makes them happen?Watching skyDo you like watching sky?Do you often take time to watch the sky?Do you like the sky during the day or night?Have you learned any courses about stars and planets?LanguagesWhat languages do you speak?How did you learn English?Do you think that English is difficult?Do you think learning languages is important?Do you think there is any need for people to learn another language? What other languages would you like to learn?TransportDo you like traveling by train?How often do you travel by train?Is traveling by train very popular in China?Do you prefer traveling by train or traveling by air?Do you have a bike?How important are bikes in your country?Will it become less popular in the future?MuseumsAre there many (or, any) museums in your hometown?Do you think museums are useful for visitors to yourhometown/country?Do you often visit a museum?Did you go to any museums when you were a child?When was the last time you visited a museum?Do you think museums are important?Do you think it’s suitable for museums to sell things to visitors?Food and cookingWhat foods do you usually eat?Do you often eat in the restaurant? / Do you like to eat outside? What food did you like to eat when you were a child? Do you still like that food now?If you had children, What food would you cook for your child in the future?Do you think it's good to take children to restaurants?Do you cook? If not, will you cook in the future?Who cooks in your family?What kind of meat do you like to eat? Do you like vegetables? Which do you prefer, eat more times a day and have little a time or eat less times a day but have more a time?What do you think of the whole family eating together?Taking PhotographsDo you like taking photos?Do you prefer to take photos of scenery or of people?Is taking photos popular in your country?Do you like taking photos when you go traveling?Do Chinese people like to visit photograph exhibitions? What kind of photos do they like to look at?Why do some people (do not) like taking photographs?What factors make a good photograph?Do you think being a photographer would be a good job?When did you take family photos last time?Electronic products/InternetDo you often use the internet/computer?When do you often use the computer? Do you often send e-mails? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the computer?How important is the computer/internet to your family?What time did you use the internet for the first time?Do your family members use it too?Do you use the mobile phone? When did you start using it?How important is it to you? How do you often use it?Do you prefer to send messages or emails? Why?Do you prefer to make phone calls or send messages?What are the disadvantages of the cell phone?Household ChoresDo you often do household chores?What household chores did you do in your childhood?Is it good for children to do household chores?What sorts of household chores do you dislike?Do you like cooking?Do you like it is important to know how to cook?What is the importance of cooking to children?BirthdayHow do you celebrate your birthday?How was your birthday in your childhood?What do Chinese people often do on their birthdays?Do you think it is important for people to celebrate birthdays?Are there any differences between youngsters and elders on celebrating birthdays?Whose birthday do you think is more meaningful? The older or the children?Map & DictionaryDo you often use the map?When will you use the map?Who taught you to use it?Which one do you prefer, the paper maps or the e-maps?Do you use dictionary?What kind of dictionaries do you prefer to use? Paper dictionary or electronic ones?Do you think the dictionary is useful?Do you want to receive a dictionary as the gift?TelevisionHow much TV do you (usually) watch?What’s your favorite TV program?Did you watch much TV when you were a child? (How much?) What (types of) programs did you watch when you were a child? Do you think television has changed in the past few decades? (Possibly) Do you think television has changed since you were a child?Has television changed your life in any way?ParksDoes your hometown have many parks?Do you often visit public parks?What do you usually do there?Do you like parks?What kind of parks do you like?What do you like most about (going to) a park?Did you go to parks when you were a child?What did you do there?Do you think it’s good to have parks and public gardens in cities? (Why?)Do you think there should be more of them?Do you think you will go to parks more often in the future?Part 2&3考题总结考题总结人物类A person you know who is beautiful or handsomeA person who is a good leaderA person who is a good cookA person you do not like but have to be friendly toYour favorite famous peopleAn old person you respectA singer or bandA famous athlete or sportsman who has good performance物件类An ambition you have not achieved yetA surprise that made you happyA subject you did not like before but interested in now Something interesting that you get from the website Something you would not learn but want to in the future Something you did with a group of people you enjoyedA childhood toyA handmade gift for your friendA meal you invited friends or family媒体类A useful APPA TV program you would like to talk with friends or familyA movie you would like to watch againA book you recently readA song you heard when you were a childA piece of good news you saw on television or Internet地点类A place that is full of colorA short trip you would like to visit againA historic buildingA place you want to have a home in the futureA long trip you d like to do it again事件类A time you got lost in a strange place you weren’t familiar with A family event when you were a childA project you have ever joinedA time you were caught into a traffic jamA situation that you waste time本次考试考题精选范例解析1. Do you like watching sky?Analysis: 最近频率相对高的新考题。
2015年01月31日雅思考试听力考题回顾
雅思考试听力考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心欧阳琼考试日期 2015年1月31日总体评析 4旧重点关注 Section 1考查单词较为基础，注意重点信息的抓取；Section 2全部是填空题，考察的词语比较简单，注意拼写； Section 3还是学术场景，注意同义替换；Section 4注意听前信号词的定位，注意同义替换。
Section 1版本号场景题型V090307 S1 求职Table Completion / Matching一句话简介找工作，工作选择，工作评价。
考查内容为求职信息，几个公司情况的比较。
详细回忆具体回顾：女生刚辞职要找工作，男生在电话中给她念了几个他从报纸广告中记录的公司供她选择，题目为一个分类比较表。
然后女生说了几个她自己看到的在招聘的公司，男生一个个指出这些公司的缺点（problem），比如：薪水低、环境差、产品差、销量下降等。
题目为4道公司名与problem的匹配题。
1-6表格填空题：Company Products Duty Notes NumberA 1. Also needto work onweekends2. Telephonenumber:900641（四位区号已给出）B 3.tools forgardenC 4.carpets 5. organizetrainingprogrammes6. website（原文 needto dowebsitework）7-10配对题：A. defects in productsB. low salaryC. customers complain itD. bad surroundingsE. falling salesF. upset employees7. Company A: 选：F (because it needs to move)8. Company B: 选：C9. Company C: 选：D (environment is not good)10. Company D: 选：B (may lose job in the future, you won’t want to do this, employees complain about it)重点词汇及扩展出现常见的数字与常见的单词拼写；出现了很多挖空题现象。
2015年1月31日托福阅读真题回忆
2015年1月31日托福阅读真题回忆2015年1月31日托福阅读真题回忆下载：/20150201/yszh-fsy-020102.html?seo=wenku20372015年1月31日托福考试已经结束了，考生可以根据此2015年1月31日的托福阅读真题对自己的考试状况进行估计，也可以用来备考以后的托福考试，考生可以复制链接直接进入免费下载。
托福阅读1第一篇讲商业革命，就是说随着美国殖民地的建立，各个地区的工嗯呢该向贸易转化。
讲到最近一千年商业革命的大背景，后面讲倒数第三个和第二个一千年，许多殖民地，例如埃及，都是用于军事占领，但是随着贸易加强和王权削弱，国王逐渐变成只能控制贸易商品的种类，在之后就变得只能保护土地。
托福阅读2太阳能几乎是全部地球热量的来源，文中提到百分之九十九点几，又说热能的总量是人类每年所用的很多倍(有考题，表明来自太阳能的热量非常多)，然后说这些热能会储存在风里,水蒸气中,还有光合作用吸收，并且如果植物没有利用的热能可以储存在石头之中。
之后就讲事实上有40%的热能云还有其他物,反射回太空，但是不同的云层的厚度反射率是不同的，而且对于其他物质、天气和在夜晚的影响也会影响其反射率。
还讲了地球的第二大热量来源是来自地球内部，地心的热量会向地表扩散，并且部分会储存在岩石层中。
最后讲热量来自大陆板块的移动和摩擦，但是产生多少与潮汐变化有关。
托福阅读3首段说的是人们开始认为科学是认知世界的标准，后来由于多次远航让欧洲人认识到这个世界的建构，而最为深刻的彩响是欧洲人远航美国(然后具体是怎么影响的想不起来了)之后讲到另一个因素是文艺复兴，不仅文化得到了解放，思想也在变化,主要原因是印刷术的普及让人们可以读到印刷的科学书记，还有一些科学名人的手记。
2015年1月31日托福阅读真题回忆下载：/20150201/yszh-fsy-020102.html?seo=wenku2037。
雅思犯罪类写作范文解析
雅思犯罪类写作范文解析想要写出优秀的英语文章，首先就要对别人的高分范文进行分析，学习别人的思路和表达，下面小编给大家带来雅思犯罪类写作解析，希望可以帮到你。
雅思写作 discuss both views: 解决犯罪问题，教育比监狱更有效吗2018年3月3日场雅思写作真题：In many countries, prison is the most common solution to the problem of crime. However, another effective way is to provide people with better education so that they can not become criminals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?范文来自唐老雅。
范文配写作审题及解析。
雅思大作文写作审题与解析本题是2012年5月12日的原题重现。
如果说2017年雅思写作考试对2014年情有独钟，2018年似乎返祖现象更为严重，已经考过的很多场都是在重复2013年甚至更早的原题，这给我们的复习备考带来了一定的难度。
但万变不离其宗，我们备考雅思写作，首先是要清楚其要求，然后按照要求去逐步落实，而不是把全部希望寄托在押题上。
看到本次题目，大家首先要弄清楚，题目要求我们讨论的观点是什么。
这里，提出了解决犯罪问题的两个措施，一是监狱，二是教育，问的是教育是不是有效，或者教育是不是比监狱更有效。
很明显，监狱和教育都是解决犯罪问题的办法，而且很难比较哪个更有效，但两者在解决犯罪问题时所起的功能还是不同的：监狱更多的是一种补救和威慑，而教育则是预防。
因此，本题就可以沿着这个思路，去论证监狱如何起到一种补救和威慑的作用，而教育如何可以预防人们犯罪。
唐老雅原创高分范文In many parts of the world, people who have violated the law are put into prison, which is a very effective way of preventing them committing more crimes. However, many experts believethat better education is probably an even more effective way of addressing the problem of crime. I would suggest that both prison and education are important and each plays a different role in crime control.在世界上许多地方，违反法律的人被投入监狱，这是防止他们犯罪的一种非常有效的方式。
雅思考试写作范文（2015.1.31）
雅思考试写作范文（2015.1.31）
2015年1月31日雅思考试已经圆满结束，大家考的如何呢？今天雅思考试栏目为大家带来了2015年1月31日雅思考试写作范文，跟着小编一起来温故知新吧！会对自己有所帮助的！
分析：
这次的题目是少见的动物类，但是同学们要将题目着眼于是否保护动物，而不要太纠结于too much, 否则可能会很难下笔或者缺乏思路。
以上就是小编为大家带来的2015年1月31日雅思考试写作范文，怎样？有所帮助吧！范文是不是很好啊！希望本文能帮助到大家!将及时为大家提供雅思考试信息，大家按Ctrl+D收藏本站即可第一时间了解最新考试动态!
猜你可能喜欢：。
2015雅思模拟试题及答案：阅读
2015雅思模拟试题及答案：阅读1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold. 2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. 3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques. 4. One of the country's leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. "In principle, you've got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy," he said. 5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body's local immune system. "If a cancer doesn't do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel." 6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process," said Prof Seymour. 7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It's an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we've had before." 8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body. 9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body's immune system destroying them on the way. 10. "What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it," he said. 11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system. 12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. "There's an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases," said Prof Seymour. 13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. 14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers. Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage 1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects. 2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy. 3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again. 4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate. 5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor. 6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors. Question 7-9 Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer. rmation about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found (A) on TV (B) in magazines (C) on internet (D) in newspapers 8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to (A) change the body’ immune system (B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream. (C) increase the amount of injection (D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors. 9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies (A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out. (B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system. (C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers. (D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out. Questions 10-13 Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once. NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all. In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers Questions 10-13 Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once. NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all. In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers List of Words dosage responding smallpox virus disable natural ones inject directed treatment cold-like illness kill patients examined Answers Keys:。
月日雅思阅读真题与解析
2015年1月31日雅思阅读真题与解析Passage 1 (旧题)题材：历史文化类题目：Tattoo on Tikopia题型：判断4+图表填空5+表格填空4文章大意：本文研究的是毛利人的传统纹身，先介绍背景(定义、历史)，科学家喜欢研究这种纹身，然后介绍纹身的制作工艺，最后说了纹身的含义。
A There are still debates about the originsof Polynesian culture, but one thing we can ensure is that Polynesia is not asingle tribe but a complex one. Polynesians which includes Marquesans，Samoans, Niueans, Tongans, Cook Islanders, Hawaiians, Tahitians, andMaori, arc genetically linked to indigenous peoples of parts of Southeast Asia.It s a sub-region of Occania, comprising of a large grouping of over 1 ,000islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean, within atriangle that has New Zealand, Hawaii and Easter Island as its corners.B Polynesian history has fascinated thewestern world since Pacific cultures were first contacted by European explorersin the late 18th century. The small island of Tikopia, for many people - evenfor many Solomon Islanders-- is so far away that it seems like a mythical land;a place like Namia that magi cal land in C. S. Lewis, classic, ‘The Chronicles of Namia.” Maybe because of it — Tikopia, its people, and their cultures have long fascinatedscholars, travelers, and casual observers. Like the pioneers Peter Dillion,Dumoni D' Urville and John Colleridge Patterson who visited and wrote about theisland in the 1800s, Raymond Firth is one of those people captured by thealluring attraction of Tikopia. As a result, he had made a number of trips tothe island since 1920s and recorded his experiences, observations and reflectionson Tikopia, its people, cultures and the changes that have occurred.C While engaged in study of the kinship andreligious life of the people of Tikopia, Firth made a few observations on theirtattooing. Brief though these notes are they may be worth putting on record asan indication of the sociological setting of the practice in this primitivePolynesian community. The origin of the English word ‘tattoo' actually comesfrom the Tikopia word 'tatau1. The word for tattoo marks in general is tau,and the operation of tattooing is known as ta tau, ta being thegeneric term for the act of striking.D The technique oftattooing was similar throughout Polynesia. Traditional tattoo artists createtheir indelible tattoos using pigment made from the candlenut or kukui nut.First, they bum the nut inside a bowl made of half a coconut shell. They thenscrape out the soot and use a pestle to mix it with liquid. Bluing is sometimesadded to counteract the reddish hue of the carbon-basedpigment. It also makesthe outline of the inscribed designs bolder on the dark skin of tattooingsubjects.E For the instrumentsused when tattooing, specialists used a range of chisels made from albatrosswing bone which were hafted onto a handle which was made from the heart wood ofthe bush and struck with a mallet. The tattooer began by sketching withcharcoal a design on the supine subject, whose skin at that location wasstretched taut by one more apprentices. The tattooer then dipped the appropriatepoints - either a single one or a whole comb into the ink (usually contained ina coconut-shell cup) and tapped it into the subject's skin, holding the bladehandle in one hand and tapping it with the other. The blood that usuallytrickled from the punctures was wiped away either by the tattooer or hisapprentice, the latter having also served by restraining a pain-wracked subjectfrom moving, for the operation was inevitably painful a test of fortitude thattattooers sought to shorten by working as fast as possible. In fact, tattoosnearly always festered and often led to sickness - and in some cases death.F In ancient Polynesian society, nearlyeveryone was tattooed. It was an integral part of ancient culture and was muchmore than a body ornament. Tattooing indicated ones genealogyand/or rank insociety. It was a sign of wealth, of strength and of the ability to endurepain. Those who went without them were seen as persons of lower social status.As such, chiefs and warriors generally had the most elaborate tattoos.Tattooing was generally begun at adolescence，and would often not be completed for a number of years. Receivingtattoo constituted an important milestone between childhood and adulthood, andwas accompanied by many rites and rituals. Apart from signaling status andrank, another reason for the practice in traditional times was to make a personmore attractive to the opposite sex.G The male facial tattoo is generallydivided into eight sections of the face. The center of the forehead designateda person's general rank. The area around the brows designated his position. Thearea around the eyes and the nose designated his hapu, or sub-tribe rank. Thearea around the temples served to detail ms marital status, like the number ofmarriages. The area under the nose displayed his signature. This signature wasonce memorized by tribal chiefs who used it when buying property, signingdeeds, and officiating orders. The cheek area designated the nature of theperson's work. The chin area showed the person's mana. Lastly, the jaw areadesignated a person's birth status.H A person's ancestry is indicated on eachside of the face. The left side is generally the father's side，and the right side was the mother's. The manutahi design is workedon the men’s back. It consists of two vertical lines drawn down the spine, withshort vertical lines between them. When a man had the manutahi on his back, he took pride in himself. At gatherings of the peoplehe could stand forth in their midst and display histattoo designs with songs. And rows of triangles design on the men's chestindicate his bravery.I Tattoo was a way delivering informationof its owner. It’s also a traditional method to fetch spiritual power,protection and strength. The Polynesians use this as a sign of character,position and levels in a hierarchy. Polyne sian peoples believe that a person’smana, their spiritual power or life force, is displayed through their tattoo.部分答案：判断题1. Scientists like to do research in Tikopiabecause this tiny place is of great remoteness.2. Firth was the first scholar to study noTikopia.3. Firth studied the culture differences onTikopia as well as on some other islands of Pacific.4. The English word “tattoo” is evolved fromthe local language of the island.答案：1. Y 2. N 3 NG 4 Y答案：5 coconut shell6 soot 7 liquid 8 heart wood 9 wing bone表格填空题答案：10(the)forehead 11 chin (area)12 mother’s ancestry13vertical lines 14 triangles参考阅读：C9T4P3 The Developmentof MuseumPassage 2题材：科技类题目：Cultureand thought题型：段落信息配对题5 (NB)+人名观点配对题4+句子填空4文章大意：研究不同地区、不同文化的人对事物认知的差异性。
2015年1雅思阅读真题回忆
Passage 1 ： 题⽬：Seed Hunting 内容：濒危种⼦ 题型：填空概括题4+判断题6+多选题2 题号：旧题 ⽂章参考： Seed Hunting With quarter of the world's plants set to vanish within the next 50 years, Alexander reports on the scientists working against the clock the preserve the Earth's botanical heritage. They travel the four comers of the globe, scouringjungles，forests and savannas. But they‘re not looking for ancient artefacts，lost treasure or undiscovered tombs. Just pods. It may lack the romantic allure of archaeology, or the whiff of danger that accompanies going after big game, but seed hunting is an increasingly serious business. Some seek seeds for profit hunters in the employ of biotechnologyfirms，pharmaceutical companies and private corporations on the lookout for species that will yield the drugs or crops of the future. Others collect to conserve, working to halt the sad slide into extinction facing so many plant species. Among the pioneers of this botanical treasure hunt was John Trade scant, an English royal gardener who brought back plants and seeds from his journeys abroad in the early 1600s. Later， the English botanist Sir Joseph Banks-who was the first director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and travelled with Captain James Cook on his voyages near the end of the 18th century—was so driven to expand his collections that he sent botanists around the world at his own expense. Those heady days of exploration and discovery may be over, but they have been replaced by a pressing need to preserve our natural history for the future. This modem mission drives hunters such as Dr Michiel van Slageren，a good-natured Dutchman who often sports a wide-brimmed hat in the field⼀he could easily be mistaken for the cinematic hero Indiana Jones. He and three other seed hunters work at the Millennium Seed Bank，an 80 million [pounds sterling] international conservation project that aims to protect the world's most endangered wild plant species. The group's headquarters are in a modem glass-and-concrete structure on a 200-hectare Estate at Wakehurst Place in the West Sussex countryside. Within its underground vaults are 260 million dried seeds from 122 countries, all stored at -20 Celsius to survive for centuries. Among the 5，100 species represented are virtually all of Britain's 1,400 native seed-bearing plants, the most complete such collection of any country‘s flora. Overseen by the Royal botanic gardens, the Millennium Seed Bank is the world's largest wild-plant depository. It aims to collect 24,000 species by 2010. The reason is simple: thanks to humanity’s efforts，an estimated 25 percent of the world's plants are on the verge of extinction and may vanish within 50 years. We're currently responsible for habitat destruction on an unprecedented scale，and during the past 400 years，plant species extinction rates have been about 70 times greater than those indicated by the geological record as being ‘normal’. Experts predict that during the next 50 years a further one billion hectares of wilderness will be converted to farmland in developing countries alone. The implications of this loss are enormous. Besides providing staple food crops，plants are a source of many machines and the principal supply of fuel and building materials in many parts of the world. They also protect soil and help regulate the climate. Yet，across the globe，plant species are being driven to extinction before their potential benefits are discovered. The world Conservation Union has listed 5,714 threatened species is sure to be much higher. In the UK alone, 300 wild plant species are classified as endangered. The Millennium Seed Bank aims to ensure that even if a plant becomes extinct in the wild，it won‘t be lost forever. Stored seeds can be used the help restore damaged or destroyed environment or in scientific research to find new benefits for society- in medicine, agriculture or local industry- that would otherwise be Seed banks are an insurance policy to protect the world’s plant heritage for the future, explains Dr Paul Smith，another Kew seed hunter. "Seed conservation techniques were originally developed by farmers，" he says. "Storage is the basis what we do，conserving seeds until you can use them-just as in farming." Smith says there's no reason why any plant species should become extinct，given today’s technology. But he admits that the biggest challenge is finding，naming and categorising all the world's plants. And someone has to gather these seeds before it’s too late. "There aren't a lot of people out there doing this，" he says." The key is to know the flora from a particular area, and that knowledge takes years to acquire." There are about 1,470 seed banks scattered around the globe，with a combined total of 5.4 million samples，of which perhaps two million are distinct non-duplicates. Most preserve genetic material for agriculture use in order to ensure cropdiversity; others aim to conserve wild species，although only 15 per cent of all banked plants are wild. Many seed banks are themselves under threat due to a lack of funds. Last year, Imperial College, London，examined crop collections from 151 countries and found that while the number of plant samples had increased in two thirds of the countries，budget had been cut in a quarter and remained static in another 35 per cent. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization and the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research has since set up the Global Conservation Trust，which aims to raise US $260 million to protect seed banks in perpetuity. 题⽬参考： Question 14-19 TRUE/FALSE/ NOT GIVEN 14. The purpose of collecting seeds now is different from the past. True 15. The millennium seed bank is the earliest seed bank. Not given 16. One of major threats for plant species extinction is farmland expansion into wildness. True 17. The approach that scientists apply to store seeds is similar to that used by farmers. True 18. Technological development is the only hope to save plant species. False 19. The works of seed conservation are often limited by financial problems. True Question 20-24 Summary Some people collect seeds for the purpose of protecting certain species from 20 extinction; others collect seeds for their ability to produce 21 drugs，crops. They are called seed hunters. The 22 pioneers of them included both gardeners and botanists, such as 23 Sir Joseph Banks，who financially supported collectors out of his own pocket. The seeds collected are usually stored in seed banks，one of which is the famous millennium seed bank，where seeds are all stored in the 24 underground vaults at a low temperature. Question 25-26 Multiple choice Which TWO of the following are provided by plants to the human? AB A food B fuels C clothes D energy E commercial products (顺序可能有误，仅供参考) Passage 2 : 题⽬：Implication of False Belief Experiments 内容：错误信念实验 题型：段落信息配对题7+概括题7 参考⽂章：(⽂章为部分回忆贫选，仅供参考) Implication of False Belief Experiments A A considerable amount of research since the mid 1980s has been concerned with what has been termed children’s theory of mind. This involves children’s ability to understand that people can have different beliefs and representations of the world -a capacity that is shown by four years of age. Furthermore, this ability appears to be absent in children with autism. The ability to work out what another person is thinking is clearly an important aspect of both cognitive and social development. Furthermore, one important explanation for autism is that children suffering from this condition do not have a theory of mind (TOM). Consequently, the development of children’s TOM has attracted considerable attention. B Wimmer and Pemer devised a 'false belief task5 to address this question. They used some toys to act out the followingstory. Maxi left some chocolate in a blue cupboard before he went out. When he was away his mother moved the chocolate to a green cupboard. Children were asked to predict where Maxi will look for his chocolate when he returns. Most children under four years gave the incorrect answer，that Maxi will look in the green cupboard. Those over four years tended to give the correct answer, that Maxi will look in the blue cupboard. The incorrect answers indicated that the younger children did not understand that Maxi’s beliefs and representations no longer matched the actual state of the world, and they failed to appreciate that Maxi will act on the basis of his beliefs rather than the way that the world is actually organised. C A simpler version of the Maxi task was devised by Baron-Cohen to take account of criticisms that younger children may have been affected by the complexity and too much information of the story in the task described above. For example, the child is shown two dolls， Sally and Anne, who have a basket and a box，respectively. Sally also has a marble，which she places in her basket，and then leaves to take a walk. While she is out of the room，Anne takes the marble from the basket, eventually putting it in the box. Sally returns, and the child is then asked where Sally will look for the marble. The child passes the task if she answers that Sally will look in the basket，where she put the marble; the child fails the task if she answers that Sally will look in the box，where the child knows the marble is hidden，even though Sally cannot know, since she did not see it hidden there. In order to pass the task，the child must be able to understand that another’s mental representation of the situation is different from their own，and the child must be able to predict behavior based on that understanding. The results of research using false-belief tasks have been fairly consistent: most normally-developing children are unable to pass the tasks until around age four. D Leslie argues that，before 18 months，children treat the world in a literal way and rarely demonstrate pretence. He also argues that it is necessary for the cognitive system to distinguish between what is pretend and what is real. If children were not able to do this, they would not be able to distinguish between imagination and reality. Leslie suggested that this pretend play becomes possible because of the presence of a de-coupler that copies primary representations to secondary representations. For example, children，when pretending a banana is a telephone, would make a secondary representation of a banana. They would manipulate this representation and they would use their stored knowledge of 'telephone5 to build on this pretence. E There is also evidence that social processes play a part in the development of TOM. Meins and her colleagues have found that what they term mindmindedness in maternal speech to six-month old infants is related to both security of attachment and to TOM abilities. Mindmindedness involves speech that discusses infants5 feelings and explains their behaviour in terms of mental states (e. g. < you’re feeling hungry’).。
2015年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析一
Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviourNew evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours， including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences， including sleepwalking， amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders， they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved，” according to the report.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile， has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries， including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep， the body can still move， making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly， and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger，” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection， a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug，the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects，”says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder， US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange side effects， points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School， director of the SleepDisorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence， Rhode Island， US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained： some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event，” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann， adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The woman’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia？A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem？A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares， hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established？A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13 Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain？11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients？12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups？13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects？Answer keys and explanations：1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning： Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolve d”…3. Not GivenSee para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile， has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)4. TrueSee para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.5. FalseSee para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.6. Not GivenSee para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained：some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)7. CSee para.4 from the beginning： A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.8. BSee the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly， and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)9. BSee para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.10. 674，500 (times)See para.3 from the beginning： Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”： The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.12. risky consequencesSee para.3 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”： Patient advocacy groups …stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.13. Food & Drug (Administration)See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2015年1月31日雅思阅读真题与解析Passage 1 (旧题)题材：历史文化类题目：Tattoo on Tikopia题型：判断4+图表填空5+表格填空4文章大意：本文研究的是毛利人的传统纹身，先介绍背景(定义、历史)，科学家喜欢研究这种纹身，然后介绍纹身的制作工艺，最后说了纹身的含义。
A There are still debates about the originsof Polynesian culture, but one thing we can ensure is that Polynesia is not asingle tribe but a complex one. Polynesians which includes Marquesans，Samoans, Niueans, Tongans, Cook Islanders, Hawaiians, Tahitians, andMaori, arc genetically linked to indigenous peoples of parts of Southeast Asia.It s a sub-region of Occania, comprising of a large grouping of over 1 ,000islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean, within atriangle that has New Zealand, Hawaii and Easter Island as its corners.B Polynesian history has fascinated thewestern world since Pacific cultures were first contacted by European explorersin the late 18th century. The small island of Tikopia, for many people - evenfor many Solomon Islanders-- is so far away that it seems like a mythical land;a place like Namia that magical land in C. S. Lewis, classic, …The Chronicles of Namia.” Maybe because of it — Tikopia, its people, and their cultures have long fascinatedscholars, travelers, and casual observers. Like the pioneers Peter Dillion,Dumoni D' Urville and John Colleridge Patterson who visited and wrote about theisland in the 1800s, Raymond Firth is one of those people captured by thealluring attraction of Tikopia. As a result, he had made a number of trips tothe island since 1920s and recorded his experiences, observations and reflectionson Tikopia, its people, cultures and the changes that have occurred.C While engaged in study of the kinship andreligious life of the people of Tikopia, Firth made a few observations on theirtattooing. Brief though these notes are they may be worth putting on record asan indication of the sociological setting of the practice in this primitivePolynesian community. The origin of the English word …tattoo' actually comesfrom the Tikopia word 'tatau1. The word for tattoo marks in general is tau,and the operation of tattooing is known as ta tau, ta being thegeneric term for the act of striking.D The technique oftattooing was similar throughout Polynesia. Traditional tattoo artists createtheir indelible tattoos using pigment made from the candlenut or kukui nut.First, they bum the nut inside a bowl made of half a coconut shell. They thenscrape out the soot and use a pestle to mix it with liquid. Bluing is sometimesadded to counteract the reddish hue of the carbon-basedpigment. It also makesthe outline of the inscribed designs bolder on the dark skin of tattooingsubjects.E For the instrumentsused when tattooing, specialists used a range of chisels made from albatrosswing bone which were hafted onto a handle which was made from the heart wood ofthe bush and struck with a mallet. The tattooer began by sketching withcharcoal a design on the supine subject, whose skin at that location wasstretched taut by one more apprentices. The tattooer then dipped the appropriatepoints - either a single one or a whole comb into the ink (usually contained ina coconut-shell cup) and tapped it into the subject's skin, holding the bladehandle in one hand and tapping it with the other. The blood that usuallytrickled from the punctures was wiped away either by the tattooer or hisapprentice, the latter having also served by restraining a pain-wracked subjectfrom moving, for the operation was inevitably painful a test of fortitude thattattooers sought to shorten by working as fast as possible. In fact, tattoosnearly always festered and often led to sickness - and in some cases death.F In ancient Polynesian society, nearlyeveryone was tattooed. It was an integral part of ancient culture and was muchmore than a body ornament. Tattooing indicated ones genealogyand/or rank insociety. It was a sign of wealth, of strength and of the ability to endurepain. Those who went without them were seen as persons of lower social status.As such, chiefs and warriors generally had the most elaborate tattoos.Tattooing was generally begun at adolescence，and would often not be completed for a number of years. Receivingtattoo constituted an important milestone between childhood and adulthood, andwas accompanied by many rites and rituals. Apart from signaling status andrank, another reason for the practice in traditional times was to make a personmore attractive to the opposite sex.G The male facial tattoo is generallydivided into eight sections of the face. The center of the forehead designateda person's general rank. The area around the brows designated his position. Thearea around the eyes and the nose designated his hapu, or sub-tribe rank. Thearea around the temples served to detail ms marital status, like the number ofmarriages. The area under the nose displayed his signature. This signature wasonce memorized by tribal chiefs who used it when buying property, signingdeeds, and officiating orders. The cheek area designated the nature of theperson's work. The chin area showed the person's mana. Lastly, the jaw areadesignated a person's birth status.H A person's ancestry is indicated on eachside of the face. The left side is generally the father's side，and the right side was the mother's. The manutahi design is workedon the men‟s back. It consists of two vertical lines drawn down the spine, withshort vertical lines between them. When a man had the manutahi on his back, he took pride in himself. At gatherings of the peoplehe could stand forth in their midst and display histattoo designs with songs. And rows of triangles design on the men's chestindicate his bravery.I Tattoo was a way delivering informationof its owner. It‟s also a traditional method to fetch spiritual power,protection and strength. The Polynesians use this as a sign of character,position and levels in a hierarchy. Polynesian peoples believe that a person‟smana, their spiritual power or life force, is displayed through their tattoo.部分答案：判断题1. Scientists like to do research in Tikopiabecause this tiny place is of great remoteness.2. Firth was the first scholar to study noTikopia.3. Firth studied the culture differences onTikopia as well as on some other islands of Pacific.4. The English word “tattoo” is evolved fromthe local language of the island.答案：1. Y 2. N 3 NG 4 Y答案：5 coconut shell6 soot 7 liquid 8 heart wood 9 wing bone表格填空题答案：10(the)forehead 11 chin (area)12 mother‟s ancestry13vertical lines 14 triangles参考阅读：C9T4P3 The Developmentof MuseumPassage 2题材：科技类题目：Cultureand thought题型：段落信息配对题5 (NB)+人名观点配对题4+句子填空4文章大意：研究不同地区、不同文化的人对事物认知的差异性。