基于GIS的土地利用时空动态变化分析

基于GIS的土地利用时空动态变化分析

摘要：土地利用结构的变化对区域生态系统的稳定有着重要的影响。分析土地利用时空变化是研究区域生态环境的重要途径。以信阳出山店水库建设为例，运用RS和GIS技术，对研究区不同时期的遥感影进行解译处理，叠加计算和空间分析，通过生成MARCOV土地转移矩阵，构建单一动态度、综合动态度等模型，定量分析土地利用结构的时空变化特征，以揭示不同时空尺度内土地利用的变化规律。研究结果表明：2000-2018年间，研究区在水库建成前后土地利用情况发生了显著变化。总体特征表现为水域增加明显，增加量达到10%。林地、建设用地略有增加，耕地显著减少，减少量达到18%。而且不同时段，土地类型的空间动态度变化差异明显。2000-2015年除建设用地外，其他类型土地空间动态度变化均较小。2015-2018年水域和建设用地空间动态度变化尤为剧烈，分别达到98.7%和85.6%。研究成果为区域生态系统健康发展提供决策依据，为未来改善区域生态环境、促进区域生态文明建设、土地资源可持续利用等提供有效基础信息支撑。关键词：水库，生态，土地利用，转移矩阵，动态变化

GIS-based Analysis of Dynamic Spatial and Temporal Changes of Land Use—take the construction of Chushandian Reservoir in Xinyang as an

example

ZHANG Jun hua ,WU Qing,CHEN jing,WANG Kun ,CHENG Jun jie,LU Heng,LIZiwei

(1.mapping and geographic information School of North China University

of Water Resources and Electric Power.2.SHui fa planning and design co.LTD) Abstract:This essay takes the construction of Chushandian Reservoir in Xinyang as an example to explain the problems such as the destructive impact on the surrounding environment during the construction of the reservoir project. With the support of GIS technology, the essay conducts geographical calculation and spatial analysis of the remote sensing images and land use maps in different periods of time. Through the construction of MARCOV transfer matrix, single dynamic degree, comprehensive dynamic degree and other models, the essay aims at doing quantitative analysis of the spatial and temporal changes of the characteristics of land use structure and revealing

the changes of land use landscape pattern. The results of the study indicate that between 2000 and 2018, the land use situation in this area changed significantly before and after the completion of the reservoir. Overall, the water area, forest land and construction land has increased significantly, especially the water area. And the cultivated land has decreased significantly by 18%, Moreover, the spatial dynamics of land types vary dramatically in different periods. Except for construction land, the spatial dynamics of other types of land changed little from 2000 to 2015. From 2015 to 2018, the spatial dynamics of water and construction land changed drastically, reaching 98.7% and 85.6% respectively. The research results provide essential information support for the future improvement of the ecological environment of the reservoir area, the promotion of ecological civilization construction in the reservoir area, and the sustainable use of land resources. It also provides the basis for decision-making for the rational use of land resources and the healthy development of the ecosystem in the reservoir area.

Key words: reservoir, ecology, land use, transfer matrix, dynamic change

随着社会的发展，人类对自然环境的干扰日益强烈，生态恶化问题是目前人类生存所面临的严峻问题。作为自然环境的主要因素之一，土地资源是人类赖以