2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习第二部分题型突破专题二阅读理解第五讲篇章结构题强化训练

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习第二部分题型突破专题二阅读理解第五讲篇章结构题强化训练A(xx·宿迁市三模)Depression can be a devastating illness，plaguing millions of people worldwide with feelings of sadness，hopelessness，and fatigue.Despite numerous antidepressant drugs，as many as a third of patients don’t respond to medication.This has forced doctors to be more creative in finding different treatments for the condition.In the past two decades，researchers have tied depression to a seemingly unrelated condition：inflammation(炎症)，the body’s natural response to stress.It could rise from injury or inflection，or even emotional issues like an unhappy marriage or problems at work.Some amount of inflammation is generally beneficial，as it increases production of cytokines (致癌因子)，proteins that help us heal and protect us from the effects of overwork.But excessive cytokine levels，and the inflammation they bring on，could e at a cost.A number of studies suggest that high levels of cytokines could contribute to depression.Cytokines can reach the brain several ways：directly through the blood­brain barrier or indirectly by binding to nerve fibers elsewhere，which send signals to the brain to produce the inflammation molecules.In the brain，cytokines can disturb the production and release of several important signaling chemicals，including serotonin，dopamine and glutamate，which help control emotion，appetite，sleep，learning and memory.It’s thought that a lack of serotonin activity in the brain causes depression; most antidepressants increase the activity.But cytokines also have been shown to activate stress hormone signaling in the brain，which can also serve to develop depression.With all the evidence implicating inflammation in depression，doctors have been anxious to test anti­inflammatory drugs as a potential treatment.Four small students published between xx and xx by research groups in Europe and Iran found that adults diagnosed with depression who took aspirin or another anti­inflammatory drug called C elecoxib，along with an antidepressant，got more relief from feelings of sadness，hopelessness，guilt and fatigue pared with those taking an antidepressant alone.However，Andrew Miller，a professor of psychiatry at Emory University，thought something was amiss in these small，limited studies.None of them looked at whether the participants had to have high levels of cytokines before into the trap of viewing inflammatory drugs.“Unfortunately，much of the field has fallen into the trap of viewing inflammation as the be­all，end­all，” Miller says.He and his colleagues wanted to see whether the effect of these drugs was limited to the depression patients with high cytokine levels，or if it helped all people diagnosed with depression.【解题导语】这是一篇医疗文章阅读。

文章主要介绍了抑郁症形成的过程和原因，也提供了一些治疗方法，但到目前为止还没有非常满意的疗效。

1．Which of the following illustrates how depression is developed?A．infection→inflammation→cytokine→depressionB．stress→overwork→inflammation→depressionC．cytokine→stress→infection→depressionD．inflammation→ infection→stress→depression解析：选A。

细节理解题。

根据题干关键词how depression is developed找到文章对应段落第二段，根据该段的第二句话和第三句话判断抑郁形成的步骤是A。

2．We can infer from the passage that________．A．depression will be an incurable disease for a long timeB．we have a long way to go before depression can be satisfying treatedC．people who are hard­working are more subject to depressionD．aspirin can effectively help relieve people of many emotional problems 解析：选B。

细节理解题。

根据文章的第一段排除A；根据文章第四段的倒数第二句话排除C；根据文章第五段的第二句话排除D；根据文章最后一段专家的分析说明抑郁症的治疗要有很漫长的路要走，故选B。

3．The underlined word “excessive” in Para.3 is closest in meaning to “________”．A．intermediate B．mildC．appropriate D．overmuch解析：选D。

词义猜测题。

intermediate中间的；mild温柔的；appropriate适当的；overmuch过度的。

根据文章第二段的最后一句话increases production of...可判断是过度的，故选D。

4．Which of the following shows the right structure of the passage?解析：选C。

篇章结构题。

通读全文，并根据文章的第一段提出论点，最后一段回扣主题，由此可判断选择C。

B(xx·贵州七校联盟第一次联考)The largest land animal remaining on the earth，the African elephant，is of much importance to African ecosystem.Unlike other animals，the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment.As a giant plant­eater，it significa ntly shapes the forest­and­savanna surroundings in which it lives，therefore deciding the conditions of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it both a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat.In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day，it kills small trees and bushes，as well as pulls branches off big trees.This results in numerous open spaces in not only deep tropical forests but also the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas.In these open spaces，there are numerous plants in various stages of growth，which attract a variety of other plant­eaters.Take the rain forests for example.In their natural states，the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor.By pulling down trees and eating plants，elephants create open spaces，allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor.In such situations，the forests bee suitable for large­hoofed plant­eaters to move around and for small­sized plant­eaters to obtain their food as well.Scientists are worried now that the African elephant has bee an endangered species.If the elephant dies out，scientists say，many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forests and savannas，greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了非洲象对非洲大草原生态系统的巨大影响。