202考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译-
2020考研英语二 翻译真题解析
考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析"Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through every day action and choice.当今，“可持续性”已经成为了一个流行的词语.但是，对特德宁来说，它对这个词有着自身的体会.在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以为继的生活之后，他清楚地认识到，以可持续发展为导向的生活价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.宁回忆了在上个世纪90年代末期的某一年，他卖保险，那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活.在经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约.It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion," says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. "I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,” Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.''事情进展不顺，“那的确是很糟糕的一种选择，因为那并非是我的激情所在，”宁如是说.可以想象，他这种工作上的窘境是由于销售业绩不良造成的.“我觉得很悲哀.我太担心了，以至于我会在半夜醒来，盯着天花板.没有钱，我需要这份工作.每个人都会说，等吧，总会有转机的，给点时间吧.”原文：原文是来自一份杂志，叫“experience life”，出题人做了部分改动，原文和改动的文章如下：Sustainability has become something of a buzzword(出题人把这个单词改为popular word) these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.Ning, director of LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability), the Boulder, Colo.–based information clearinghouse on sustainable living, recalls spending a tumultuous（出题人把这个词改为了confusing） year i n the late ’90s selling insurance. He’d been through the dot-com boom and bust（出题人似乎把这个词改为burst了） and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose ambivalence about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would pull alongside of the highway and vomit, or wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll turn the corner, give it some time.’”Ning stuck it out for a year because he simply didn’t know what else to do, but felt his happiness and health suffer as a result. He eventually quit and stumbled upon LOHAS in a help-wanted ad for a data analyst. “I didn’t know what LOHAS was,” he says, “but it sounded kinda neat.” It turned out to be a better fit than he could have ever imagined.At the time, the LOHAS organization did little more than host a small annual conference in Boulder. It was a forum where progressive-minded companies could gather to compare notes on how to reach a values-driven segment of consumers —the LOHAS market — who seemed attracted to products and services that mirrored their interest in health, environmental stewardship, social justice, personal development and sustainable living.In contrast with his disastrous foray into the insurance business, Ning’s new job felt like coming home. Growing up in the foothills of the Rockies outside of Denver, he’d developed a love of the outdoors and a respect for the earth, while his parents provided a model of social activism —the family traveled widely, and at one point his parents created and operated a nonprofit that offered microcredit loans to small businesses in Vietnam and Guatemala. He has three adopted sisters from Vietnam and Korea. He studied international relations and Chinese at Colorado University and slipped easily into the Boulder lifestyle — commuting by bike, eating organics, buying local and the rest —though he stopped short of the patchouli-and-dreadlocks phase embraced by many of his peers. (He opted instead for the university’s ski team and, after graduating, wound up coaching the Japanese development team during the Nagano Olympics in 1998.)From his ground-level job, Ning moved quickly up the ranks in the organization, becoming its executive director in 2006. “When I got the job, LOHAS was a sleepy conference in Boulder,” says Ning. Today, the forum is booming, the organizationis expanding and the market is evolving. Ning has more than grown into the position he stumbled on in the want ads. “I don’t consider this a job. It is really more of a calling.”Ning, 41, coordinates the conference and oversees the organization’s annual journal and Web site (), while compiling research on trends and opportunities for businesses. He also travels the country promoting —and explaining —the LOHAS concept and the burgeoning market it represents.First identified by sociologist Paul Ray in the mid-1990s as “cultural creatives,” the U.S. market segment that embraces LOHAS today has grown to about 41 million consumers, or roughly 19 percent of American adults. But those LOHAS consumers are powerfully influencing the attitudes and behaviors of others (witness the rise of interest in yoga, all-natural products, simplicity and hybrid vehicles). Which is why LOHAS-related products now generate an estimated $209 billion annually.“Over the last two years a green tidal wave has come over us,” says Ning. Riding that wave, says Ning, is not about jumping on a trend bandwagon. It’s connecting with — and acting on —a set of shared, instrinsic values. “People know what is authentic. You can’t preach this lifestyle and not live it,” he says. He and his wife, Jenifer, live in a solar-powered home, raise organic vegetables in their backyard and drive a car that gets 48 miles to the gallon. He even buys carbon offsets to negate the global warming impact of his cell phone.Ning emphasizes that there are many different ways of “living LOHAS.” Ultimately, it’s really about finding a way of life that makes sense and feels good —now and for the long haul. “People are looking internally,” he says, “asking themselves,‘What really makes me happy?’ Is it the fact that I can go out and buy that giant flat-screen TV, or is it that I can have a quiet evening with my family just hanging out and playing a game of Scrabble?”For Ning, it’s a no-brainer. He’ll take Scrabble ev ery time.Laine Bergeson is an Experience Life senior editor.考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?全球范围内，信息技术行业与航空业产生的温室气体总量相同——约占二氧化碳排放总量的2%，这有谁曾想到过？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.许多日常工作对环境造成的损失大得惊人.每一次谷歌搜索能释放0.2到0.7克的二氧化碳，这取决于为了获得“正确”答案你试过多少次.为了迅速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌不得不在世界各地建立大型数据中心，安装一台台强大的计算机.这些计算机不仅产生大量的二氧化碳，还释放大量热能，因此这些数据中心需要良好的空调设备，这甚至会耗费更多的能源.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商严密地监控其效果，并做出改进.监控是减排的第一步，仍有太多问题需要解决，并且不只是由大公司来解决.原文：Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do - roughly 2 per cent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. At the upper end of the scale, two searches create roughly the same emissions as boiling a kettle.To deliver results to its users quickly, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. As well as producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned - which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers such as BT, IBM, Microsoft and Amazon monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. (Google claims to be more efficient than most.) Recently, industry and government agencies from theUS, Europe and Japan reached an agreement, orchestrated by the Green Grid, an American industry consortium, on how to benchmark the energy efficiency of data centres. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there's much more to be done, and not just by big companies.Simple things - such as turning devices off when they are not in use - can help to reduce the impact of our love affair with all things digital. Research from the National Energy Foundation in the UK found that nearly 20 per cent of workers don't turn their PCs off at the end ofthe day, wasting 1.5 billion kWh of electricity per year - which equates to the annual CO2 produced by 200,000 small family cars.Technology could have a huge role to play in reducing energy consumption - just think of the number of car and bus journeys saved by something as simple as online banking. But the sector must still work harder to get its own house in order.Jason Stamper is NS technology correspondent and editor of Computer Business Review考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来.英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供的优惠移民政策，就是为了吸引这部分人群.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. The “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.诸多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人才往往可能有移民倾向.2004年，曾针对印度家庭进行过一次大型调查，结果发现，近40%有移民倾向的人受过中学以上教育，而25岁以上的印度人只有约3.3%受过中学以上教育.“人才流失”问题长期以来一直让发展中国家的决策者很苦恼，他们担心这种情况会危及其经济发展，夺去他们紧缺的技术人才，而这些人才本该在他们自己的大学任教，在他们自己的医院工作，为他们自己的工厂研发新产品.原文：WHEN people in rich countries worry about migration, they tend to think of low-paid incomers who compete for jobs as construction workers, dishwashers or farmhands. When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest decamping to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. By some estimates, two-thirds of highly educated Cape Verdeans live outside the country. A big survey of Indian households carried out in 2004 asked about family members who had moved abroad. It found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. This “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.Many now take issue with this view (see article). Several economists reckon that the brain-drain hypothesis fails to account for the effects of remittances, for the beneficial effects of returning migrants, and for the possibility that being able to migrate to greener pastures induces people to get more education. Some argue that once these factors are taken into account, an exodus of highly skilled people could turn out to be a net benefit to the countries they leave. Recent studies of migration from countries as far apart as Ghana, Fiji, India and Romania have found support for this “brain gain” idea.The most obvious way in which migrants repay their homelands is through remittances. Workers from developing countries remitted a total of $325 billion in 2010, according to the World Bank. In Lebanon, Lesotho, Nepal, Tajikistan and a few other places, remittances are more than 20% of GDP. A skilled migrant may earn several multiples of what his income would have been had he stayed at home. A study of Romanian migrantsto America found that the average emigrant earned almost $12,000 a year more in America than he would have done in his native land, a huge premium for someone from a country where income per person is around $7,500 (at market exchange rates).It is true that many skilled migrants have been educated and trained partly at the expense of their (often cash-strapped) governments. Some argue that poor countries should therefore rethink how much they spend on higher education. Indians, for example, often debate whether their government should continue to subsidise the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), its elite engineering schools, when large numbers of IIT graduates end up in Silicon Valley or on Wall Street. But a new study of remittances sent home by Ghanaian migrants suggests that on average they transfer enough over their working lives to cover the amount spent on educating them several times over. The study finds that once remittances are taken into account, the cost of education would have to be 5.6 times the official figure to make it a losing proposition for Ghana.There are more subtle ways in which the departure of some skilled people may aid poorer countries. Some emigrants would have been jobless had they stayed. Studies have found that unemployment rates among young people with college degrees in countries like Morocco and Tunisia are several multiples of those among the poorly educated, perhaps because graduates are more demanding. Migration may lead to a more productive pairing of people's skills and jobs. Some of the benefits of this improved match then flow back to the migrant's home country, most directly via remittances.The possibility of emigration may even have beneficial effects on those who choose to stay, by giving people in poor countries an incentive to invest in education.A study of Cape Verdeans finds that an increase of ten percentage points in young people's perceived probability of emigrating raises the probability of their completing secondary school by around eight points. Another study looks at Fiji.A series of coups beginning in 1987 was seen by Fijians of Indian origin as permanently harming their prospects in the country by limiting their share of government jobs and political power. This set off a wave of emigration. Yet young Indians in Fiji became more likely to go to university even as the outlook at home dimmed, in part because Australia, Canada and New Zealand, three of the top destinations for Fijians, put more emphasis on attracting skilled migrants. Since some of those who got more education ended up staying, the skill levels of the resident Fijian population soared.1、最困难的事就是认识自己。
2020年英二阅读题译文
2020年英二阅读题译文2020年英语二阅读题译文如下：第一篇：如今的消费者更加注重体验而非产品本身。
这正是为什么体验式营销正在成为一种主流营销策略的原因。
与传统营销相比，体验式营销更注重消费者的感受和参与度，通过创造独特的品牌体验来吸引消费者。
这种营销方式可以帮助品牌与消费者建立更深层次的联系，从而提高品牌忠诚度。
第二篇：随着社交媒体的普及，越来越多的企业开始利用社交媒体平台进行营销和推广。
社交媒体营销具有许多优势，例如低成本、高效率、广泛的受众群体等。
通过社交媒体，企业可以与目标受众进行互动，了解他们的需求和喜好，并据此制定更有针对性的营销策略。
此外，社交媒体还可以帮助企业建立品牌形象，提高品牌知名度。
第三篇：在当今竞争激烈的市场环境中，企业需要不断创新以保持竞争优势。
创新可以是产品创新、服务创新、技术创新等，但关键在于能够满足消费者的需求并创造价值。
企业可以通过持续研发、合作创新、开放式创新等方式来推动创新。
同时，企业还需要建立良好的创新文化，鼓励员工积极参与创新活动，以促进企业的持续发展。
第四篇：随着消费者越来越注重健康和环保，绿色营销正在成为一种重要的营销策略。
绿色营销强调企业在生产和销售过程中要注重环保和可持续发展，以满足消费者的绿色需求。
通过采用绿色包装、绿色生产方式、绿色运输等方式，企业可以降低对环境的影响，同时赢得消费者的青睐。
此外，企业还可以通过开展绿色公益活动来提高品牌形象和知名度。
第五篇：大数据已经成为当今企业的重要资产。
通过收集和分析大数据，企业可以更好地了解市场和消费者需求，从而制定更有效的营销策略。
大数据可以帮助企业实现精准营销、预测市场趋势、优化产品设计和提高客户满意度等目标。
同时，企业还需要注意保护客户隐私和数据安全，以避免潜在的法律风险。
第六篇：随着电子商务的不断发展，越来越多的企业开始开展跨境电商业务。
跨境电商具有许多优势，例如低成本、高效率、广泛的客户群体等。
2020考研英语二阅读全文译文知乎
2020考研英语二阅读全文译文知乎Translation of the 2020 Postgraduate English II Reading Passage on ZhihuIntroduction:Zhihu is a popular online platform in China where users can ask questions, answer questions, and share knowledge on a wide range of topics. The 2020 Postgraduate English II Reading passage on Zhihu discusses the rise of live streaming as a new form of social media and its impact on society.Title: The Rise of Live Streaming on ZhihuAs an increasingly popular form of social media, live streaming has taken Zhihu by storm in recent years. With the advent of faster internet speeds and advancements in mobile technology, live streaming has become easily accessible to users on Zhihu.One of the key reasons for the popularity of live streaming on Zhihu is the sense of connection and immediacy it provides. Viewers can interact with hosts in real time, ask questions, and receive immediate responses. This interactive nature of live streaming has created a sense of community and intimacy among users on Zhihu.Another factor contributing to the rise of live streaming on Zhihu is the diverse range of content available. From educational lectures to cooking shows to travel vlogs, there is something for everyone on Zhihu's live streaming platform. This variety of content has attracted a wide range of users, making live streaming a popular pastime for many on Zhihu.However, the popularity of live streaming on Zhihu has also raised concerns about privacy and security. With live streaming, users are broadcasting themselves in real time, leaving themselves vulnerable to potential privacy breaches and cyber attacks. As a result, Zhihu has implemented strict guidelines and regulations to protect users' privacy and ensure a safe online environment.In conclusion, live streaming has become a dominant form of social media on Zhihu, offering users a unique and interactive way to connect with others and consume content. While there are concerns about privacy and security, the popularity of live streaming on Zhihu shows no signs of slowing down, as users continue to flock to the platform for entertainment, education, and social interaction.。
2022年研究生英语二真题答案【详解范文版】
2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二真题+详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Harlan Coben believes that if you’re a writer, you’ll find the time; and that if you can’t find the time, then writing isn’t the priority and you’re not a writer. For him, writing is a __1__job, a job like any other. He has __2__it with plumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesn’t wake up and say that he can’t work with pipes today.__3__, like most writers these days, you’re holding down a job to pay the bills, it’s not __4__to find the time to write. But it’s not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness. __5__that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly__6__often have to do other work to__7__their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested, it’s a __8__of priorities. To make writing a priority, you’ll have to__9__some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your__10__and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write__11__they listen to music. You might have to__12__the amount of exercise or sport you do. You’ll have to make social media an__13__activity rather than a daily time-consuming__14__. There’ll probably have to be less socializing with your friends and less time with your family. It’s a __15__learning course, and it won’t always make you popular.There’s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for__16__your writing—and that’s reading. Any write needs to read as much and as widely as they can. It’s the one __17__ supporter—something you can’t do without.Time is finite. The older you get, the __18__ it seems to go. We need to use it so carefully and as __19__as we can. That means prioritizing out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you’re a writer, that means__20__writing.1.A. difficult B. normal C. steady D. pleasant2.A. combined B. compared C. confused D. confronted3.A. If B. Through C. Once D. Unless4.A. enough B. strange C. wrong D. easy5.A. Accept B. Explain C. Remember D. Suppose6.A. well-known B. well-advised C. well-informed D. well-chosen7.A. donate B. generate C. supplement D. calculate8.A. cause B. purpose C. question D. condition9.A. highlight B. sacrifice C. continue D. explore10.A. relations B. interests C. memories D. skills11.A. until B. because C. while D. before12.A. put up with B. make up for C. hang onto D. cut down on13.A. intelligent B. occasional C. intensive D. emotional14.A. habit B. best C. decision D. plan15.A. tough B. gentle C. rapid D. funny16.A. in place of B. in charge of C. in response to D. in addition to17.A. indispensable B. innovative C. invisible D. instant18.A. duller B. harder C. quieter D. quicker19.A. peacefully B. generously C. productively D. gratefully20.A. at most B. in turn C. on average D. above allSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1On a recent sunny day, 13,000 chickens roam over Larry Brown’s 40 windswept acres in Shiner, Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car. Others drink water with the cows. This all seems random, but it’s by design, part of what the $6.1 billion U.S. egg industry bets will be its next big thing: climate-friendly eggs.These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen, are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they’re also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture-special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap green-house gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.“I’ m excited about our progress," says Brown, who harvests eggs for Denver-based Nest Fresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds' waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements “allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers.”The egg industry’s push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. In barely more than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg rollout is successful, it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef, broccoli, and beyond.Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. Such farming also brings minimal, if any improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment. Young adults “really care about the planet,” says John Brunnquell, president of Egg Innovations. “They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they’re doing.”1. The climate-friendly eggs are produced_____A. at a considerably low costB. at the demand of regular shoppersC. as a replacement for organic eggsD. on specially designed farms2. Larry Brown is excited about his progress in_____A. reducing the damage of wormsB. accelerating the disposal of wasteC. creating a sustainable systemD. attracting customers to his products3. The example of organic eggs is used in the Paragraph 4 to suggest_____A. the doubts to over natural foodsB. the setbacks in the eggs industryC. the potential of regenerative productsD. the promotional success of supermarkets4. It can be learned from the last paragraph that young people_____A. are reluctant to change their dietB. are likely to buy climate-friendly eggsC. are curious about new foodD. are amazed at agricultural advances5. John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton ever regenerative products’_____A. Markets prospectsB. Nutritional valueC. Standard definitionD. Moral implicationsText 2More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.One in three Americans who are at least 40 have, or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of "unretirees"—those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring— said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the "unretirement" trend. Other reasons, according to the study. Include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression “The concept of retirement is evolving." said Christine Russell, senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. “It's not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.”One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. workforce. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February 2019, up from an all-time low of 10% in January 1985, according to money manager United IncomeBecause of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2.000 adults between 40 to 79.Six in 10"unretirees"are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that pre-retirees should speak with a financial advisor to set long-term financial goals.“The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring," Weiss said. “It's not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can't retire."26. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that_____A. over half of the retirees are physically fit for workB. the old workforce is as active as the younger oneC. one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirementD. more Americans are willing to work in retirement27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that_____A. retirement may cause problems for themB. boredom can be relieved after retirementC. the mental health of retirees is overlookedD. “unretirement” contributes to the economy28. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to_____A. labor shortagesB. population growthC. longer life expectancyD. rising living costs29. Many “unretirees” are increasing their savings by_____A. investing more in stocksB. taking up odd jobsC. getting well-paid workD. spending less30. With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are_____A. unpreparedB. UnafraidC. disappointedD. enthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked o frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. There are examples of dark patterns.First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, “dark patterns" is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to “roach motel," where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company’s user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teamscan play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception”Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that "ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights." The regulations aim to ban dark patterns — this means prohibiting companies from using “confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out.”As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standards.31. It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns_____A. improve user experiencesB. leak user information for profitC. undermine users’ decision-makingD. remind users of hidden costs32. The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show_____A. their major flawsB. their complex designsC. their severe damageD. their strong presence33. To handle digital deception, businesses should_____A. listen to customer feedbackB. talk with relevant teamsC. turn to independent agenciesD. rely on professional training34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to_____A. guide users through opt-out processesB. protect consumers from being trickedC. grant companies data privacy rightsD. restrict access to problematic content35. According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is_____A. new legal requirementsB. businesses’ self-disciplineC. strict regulatory standardsD. consumers’ safety awarenessText 4Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior, evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class session's impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California Riverside: students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester—nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to45 percent- and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.“That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention," Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study. Says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real. she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: “Easy come, easy go.”Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence — classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants’ eating habits and students' video exposure. Meanwhile Schwitzgebel—who had predicted no effect—will be eating his words.36. Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are_____A. hard to determineB. narrowly interpretedC. difficult to ignoreD. poorly summarized37. Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat-eating?A. It is common among studentsB. It is a behavior easy to measure.C. It is important to students’ healthD. It is a hot topic in ethics classes.38. Eric Schwitzgebel's previous findings suggest that ethics professors_____A. are seldom critical of their studentsB. are less sociable than other professorsC. are not sensitive to political issuesD. are not necessarily ethically better39. Nina Strohminger thinks that the effect of the intervention is_____A. permanentB. predictableC. uncertainD. unrepeatable40. Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students’ change in behavior_____A. can bring psychological benefitsB. can be analyzed statisticallyC. is a result of multiple factorsD. is a sign of self-developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)A. Make it a habitB. Don't go it aloneC. Start low, go slowD. Talk with your doctorE. Listen to your bodyF. Go through the motionsG. Round out your routineHow to Get Active AgainGetting back into exercise after a break can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days, it can be tricky to know where to start.And it is important to get the right dose of activity. "Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout," says Mary Yoke, PhD. a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington. The following simple strategies will help you return to exercise safelyafter a break.41.________________________Don't try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times a week, or lifting10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to half a mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps.Increase time, distance and intensity gradually. "This isn't something you can do overnight," says Keri L. Denay. MD, lead author of a recent American College of Sports Medicine advisory that encourages Americans to not overlook the benefits of activity during the pandemic. But you'll reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep right away42.________________________If you're breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off. If you feel good, go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session? Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms, such as chest pain or pressure, severe shortness of breath or dizziness, or faintness, and seek medical attention immediately.43.________________________Consistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina Ten minutes of activity per day is a good start, says Marcus Jackoyitz. DPT. a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital. All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because it's the easiest, most accessible form of exercise Although it can be a workout on its own, if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes, tennis, cycling, or any other activity, walking is also a great first step.44._________________________Even if you can't yet do a favorite activity, you can practice the moves. With or without a club or racket, swing like you're hitting the ball. Paddle like you're in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again.45._________________________Exercising with others "can keep you accountable and make it more fun, so you're more likely to do i again." Jackovitz says. You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant. But when you can't connect in person, consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around your neighborhood. Face Time with a relative as you strength train or stretch at home. You can also join a live stream or on-demand exercise class.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Although we try out best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned. Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting materials, and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected result have two benefits: you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realize that when one door closes, anther opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking outside the box will become your second nature.In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you are more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are planning a campus food festival, write an email to international students in your university to1) introduce the food festival2) invite them to participateDo not use your own name, use Li Ming instead（10 points.）Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET（15points）2022年英语二答案+详解完型: 1-5BBADC 6-10ACCBB 11-15CDBAA 16-20DADCD阅读: 21-25DCCBA 26-30DACDA 31-35CDBBB 36-40ABDCC 41-45CEAFB详解部分完型填空1.【答案】B选项normal正常的。
考研英译汉英语二真题2023
考研英译汉英语二真题2023考研英译汉英语二真题2023单词是英语学习的基础，无论你是想提升阅读、翻译、还是作文，都要先攻克词汇量这个难关，词汇量是衡量我们语言力量的一个重要指标!下文是我为你细心编辑整理的考研英译汉英语二真题，期望对你有所帮忙，更多内容，请点击相关栏目查看，感谢!考研英译汉英语二真题146. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route thats very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips its easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we dont have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. Andafterwards, when we come to think back on it, we cant remember the journey well because we didnt pay much attention to it. So we assume it wasshorter.参考译文：想想看在一条特别熟识的路上驾驶的感觉，这可能发生在上班，进城或回家的路上。
2022年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2022 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语〔二〕试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。
第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。
第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的平安隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。
二、试题解析1．【答案】A 〔However〕说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来〞，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。
B. moreover 表递进C.therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表比照2．【答案】D 〔around〕【解析】由空格所在句的“but〞得知，句子前后是转折关系。
事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around 出现。
3．【答案】B 〔concept〕【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年?商业周刊?预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____〞将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念〔定义〕，而A“力量〞,C“历史〞,D “角色〞，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。
4．【答案】D 〔reverse〕【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize 〔变革〕意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中A. reward 奖励B. 抵抗C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不适宜，只有D 选项reverse“颠覆〞最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
〞5．【答案】C 〔slow〕能不会马上到来〞，因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择C。
2024年考研英语(二)真题及解析完整版
2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Your social life is defined as 'the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are not working'.It's important to have a social life,but what'sright for one person won't be right for another.Some of us feel energised by spending lotsof time with others,_ some of us may feel drained,even if it's doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a 2 in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not 3 others,can make you feel lonely and 4 .Loneliness is known to impact onyour mental health and 5 a low mood.Anyone can feellonely at any time.This might be especially true if, 6 you are working from home and you are 7 onthe social conversations that happen in an office.Other lifechanges also 8 periods of loneliness too, such as retirement,changingjobs or becoming a parent.It's important to recognise these feelings of loneliness.There are ways to 9 a social life.But it be overwhelming 10 .It's a great idea to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet 11 people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to 12 anew sport for the first time or networking eventsfor those in the same profession to meet upand 13 ideas.On the other hand,it is 14 possible to havetoo much of a social life.If you feel like you're always doing something and there is never any 15 in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social bumout or social 16 .We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognise when you're feeling like it's all too much.Low mood,low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be 17 of poor social health.Make sure you 18 some time in your diary when you're 19 for socialising and use this time to relax, 20 andrecover.1.[A]because [B]unless [C]whereas [D]until2.[A]contrast [B]balance [C]link[D]gap3.[A]seeing [B]pleasing [C]judging [D]teaching4.[A]misguided [B]surprised [C]spoiled [D]disconnected5.[A]contribute to [B]rely on [C]interfere with [D]go against6.[A]in fact [B]of course [C]for example [D]on average7.[A]cutting back [B]missing out [C]breaking in [D]looking out8.[A]shorten [B]trigger [C]follow [D]interupt9.[A]assess [B]interpret [C]provide [D]regain10.[A]at first [B]in tum [C]on time [D]by chance11.[A]far-sighted [B]strong-willed [C]kind-hearted [D]like-minded12.[A]try [B]promote [C]watch [D]describe13.[A]test [B]share [C]accept [D]revise14.[A]already [B]thus [C]also [D]only15.[A]visit [B]order [C]space [D]boundary16.[A]fatigue [B]criticism [C]injustice [D]dilemma17.[A]sources [B]standards [C]signs [D]scores18.[A]take over [B]wipe off [C] add up[D]mark out19.[A]ungrateful [B]unavailable [C]responsible [D]regretful20.[A]react [B]repeat [C]return [D]restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark youranswerson the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Anger over AI's role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology's future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better, the gains will have to bemoreevenly shared than in the recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,with middle-income jobs undercut by automation, will not be politically sustainable.”Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.But people can't be expected to embracethe changes if they're not seeing the benefits—if they're just seeing goodjobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problem could bea roadblock todeploying AI.“We're talking about disruption,”she says.“These are transformative technologies that change theways we spend our time every day, that change business models that succeed."To make such“tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmeringamong many asthe benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.According to the BrookingsInstitution,a short listof eight Americancities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies are particularly concentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States (San Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political andsocial unrest,but it could,as Coyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda.That willlikely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding tohelp create USregional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts ofthe country care most about,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should[A]giverise toinnovation[B]diversify career choices[C]benefit people equally[D]be promoted forcefully22.According to paragraph 2,digital technology should be useful to[A]bring about instant prosperity[B]reducepeople's workload[C]raise overall work efficiencyD]enhance croSs-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fearabout ransformative technology?[A]They may affect work-lifebalance.[B]They may be impractical to deploy.[C]They may incur huge expenditure.[D]They may be unwecome tothe public.24.Several American cities are mentioned to show[A]the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US[B]the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US[C]the fast progress of US regional economies[D]the increasingsignificance of US AI assets25.With regard to Coyle concern,the author suggests[A]raising funds to start new AI projects[B]encouraging collaboration in AI research[C]guarding against the side effects of AI[D]redefining the role of AItechnologiesText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas wamed.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for futuregenerations.Currently only 20 percent of the UK's wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world.Coming at a time offresh incentives from the UK govemment for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says thesedon't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of failure to plant trees to produce wood.”said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."For decades wehave not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grownwood in England isonly around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK's net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continuesto be on food production and the rewinding andplanting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add: “While food production and biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action on the ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learmed from paragraph I thattheUK needsto[A]increase its domesticwood supply[B]reduce its demand for timber[C]lower its wood production costsD]lift its control on timber imports27.According to Confor,the UK government's fresh incentives[A]can hardly address construction crisis[B]are believed to come at the wrong time[C]seemto bemisleading for landowners[D]will be costlyto put into practice28.The UK's exposure to fluctuational wood prices is a result of[A]govenment's inaction on timber imports[B]inadequate investmentin growing wood[C]competiton oftimber traders at home[D]wood products motive to maximise profits29.Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in UK?[A]excessive timber consumption in construction[B]unfavorable conditions for growing trees[C]outdated technology for woodproductionD]farmers'unwillingness to plant trees30.What does Goodall think UK govenment should do?[A]Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes.[B]Pay attention torural economy.[C]Provide more support for tree planting.[D]Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3Onebig challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road isconvincing them that it is time to tum over the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops—or is forced to stop—driving,said former risk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physician's advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,Menke wrote.“Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality"she counseled.Part ofthe problem in keepingolder drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan. “There's not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,"she said.“We need better evidence on what makesdrivers unsafe”andwhat can help,said Dugan.One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be nobenefit from combining the two.Many old drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to.Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow throughwith patients who have trouble driving because they can'tturn their heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily,As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those humandrivers would require to many algorithms,she said.But we need to domore to improve safety,said Dugan.“If we're going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably.”31.According to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road[A]is a new safety measure[B]has become a disputed issue[C]can be a tough task to completeD]will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice[A]has won support from drivers[B]is generally considered unrealistic[C]is wide dismissed as unnecessary[D]has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe[A]have broughtabout big changes[B]need to be well coordinated[C]have gained public concen[D]call forrelevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to[A]stick with bad driving habits[B]have a weakened memory[C]suffer from chronic pains[D]neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in[A]upgrading self-driving vehicle[B]developing senior-friendly cars[C]renovatingtransport facilities[D]adjusting the age limit for driversText 4If you look at the apps on your phone,chances are you have at least one related to your health—and probably several.Whether it is a mental health app,a fitness tracker,a connected health device or something else,many of us are taking advantage of this technologyto keepbetter track of our health in some shape or form.Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.While these apps have a great deal to offer,it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected,safeguarded and shared online.Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,is primarily focused on the way hospitals,doctors'offices,clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legalprotections.Without additional protections in place,companies may share (and potentially monetize)personal healthinformationin away consumersmay not have authorized or anticipated. In 2021,Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission(FTC)investigation.The FTC alleged in a complaint that "despite express privacy claims,the company took control of users' sensitivity fertility data and shared it with thirdparties."Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get appusers'express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete thedata they had obtained.Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts,meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleading or causeunjustified consumer harm.While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this isAs to the prospects for federal legislation,commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term.States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore upprotections for consumer-generated health data.Califomia has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the Califomia Consumer Privacy Act of 2018.Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer dataprivacy legislation.36.The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show[A]the prevalence of health apps[B]the public concem over health[C]the popularity of smartphones[D]the advancement of technology37.What dose the author imply about existing health privacy law?[A]Its coverage needs to be extended.[B]Its enforcement needs strengthening.[C]It has discouraged medical misconduct.[D]It has disappointed insurance companies.38.Before sharing its users'health information,Flo Health is required to[A]seek the approvalof the FTC[B]find qualified third parties[C]remove irrelevant personal data[D]obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?[A]The complexity of health information.[B]The rapid increase in new health apps.[C]The subtle deceptiveness ofhealth apps.[D]The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.It can be leamed from the last paragraphthat health data protection[A]has been embraced by health app developers[B]has been afocus of federal policy-making[C]hasencountered opposition in Califomia[D]has gainedlegislative support in some statesPart BDirections:Read the following text and choose thebest answer from the right column to complete each of the unfinished statements in the left column.Mark your answers onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in thecollege application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activities matter more thanthe number of activities he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School, says it is not necessary for astudent,filing out the Common Application to list 10 activities in the application“No”college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurricular that they have been passionately involved in each for an tended periodof time,"Rexford wrote in an email Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.“The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they're going todo a popular activity,I'd say,be thebest at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independentlyoften impress colleges,experts say.“For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrateskills and potential by starting a profitable small business.”Olivia Valdes,the founde r of Zen Admissionsconsulting firm,wrote in an email.Joseph Adegboyega-Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment.“Again,since one of the big questions high school seniors must consider is ‘What makes you unique?'having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"he wrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity can help in the college admissionsprocess,especiallyat top-tier undergraduate institutions.“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is not enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consultancy, wrote in an email.“Student s need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come and enrich their campus commuity.”Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest.“If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The CabbagePatch Settlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,afomer math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.答案：41.C 42.E 43.A 44.G 45.BSection II Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colorful vegetables andtempting cheeses,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers'markets are a feast for the senses.They also provide an opportunity totalk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce —all at the same time.Farmers'markets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls, which allow farmers or producers to selltheir food directly to customers.The size or regularity of marketscan vary from season to season,depending on the area's agricultural calendar,and you're likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where —and to who—their money is going.参考译文：空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嘈杂声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴(3分)。
2024年考研英语二阅读Text2试题及答案完整版
2024年考研英语二阅读Text2试题及答案完整版PassageIn recent years, the concept of "inclusive growth" has gained significant attention in both academic and policy-making circles. The idea is to ensure that economic growth benefits everyone, rather than just the wealthy. This has led to a renewed focus on wealth distribution and therole of education in narrowing the economic gap. This passage will discuss the importance of inclusive growth, the challenges it faces, and the role of education in achieving it.The Importance of Inclusive GrowthInclusive growth is crucial for sustainable economic development. When growth is inclusive, it leads to a reduction in poverty and inequality, fostering social cohesion and stability. In contrast, exclusive growth can exacerbate social divisions, leading to social unrest and political instability. Inclusivegrowth ensures that all segments of society benefit from economic progress, thereby enhancing overall societal well-being.The Challenges of Inclusive GrowthDespite the importance of inclusive growth, achieving it is fraught with challenges. One major challenge is the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities. The wealthy often have better access to resources, such as education and healthcare, which enables them to benefit more from economic growth. In contrast, the poor are often left behind, struggling to improve their living conditions. This creates a cycle of poverty that is difficult to break.Another challenge is the lack of political will. In many cases, policy-makers are more concerned with short-term economic growth and political gains than with long-term inclusive growth. This can result in policies that prioritize the interests of the wealthy, perpetuating inequality.The Role of Education in Inclusive GrowthEducation is a powerful tool for achieving inclusive growth. By providing access to quality education, societies can empower individuals to improve their economic prospects and contribute to overall economic development. Here are some ways in which education can promote inclusive growth:1. Enhancing Human Capital: Education equips individuals with the skills and knowledge needed to participate in the modern economy. This enables them to secure better jobs and earn higher incomes, thereby reducing poverty and inequality.2. Promoting Social Mobility: Education can break the cycle of poverty by providing opportunities for upward mobility. When individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds have access to quality education, they can overcome the barriers that prevent them from escaping poverty.3. Fostering Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Education encourages innovation andentrepreneurship, which are crucial for sustainable economic growth. By nurturing the next generation of innovators and entrepreneurs, education can drive economic progress and create jobs.4. Strengthening Social Cohesion: Education promotes social cohesion by fostering a sense of community and shared values. This can help reduce social divisions and promote inclusive growth.5. Encouraging Gender Equality: Education can play a significant role in promoting gender equality, which is essential for inclusive growth. By providing girls and women with access to quality education, societies can empower them to participate fully in economic and social life.ConclusionIn conclusion, inclusive growth is a vital aspect of sustainable economic development. It ensures that all members of society benefit from economic progress, fostering social cohesion and stability. However, achieving inclusive growthis challenging, requiring addressing issues such as unequal resource distribution and lack of political will. Education plays a crucial rolein promoting inclusive growth by enhancing human capital, fostering social mobility, nurturing innovation and entrepreneurship, strengthening social cohesion, and encouraging gender equality.【答案】1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of education in achieving inclusive growth.B) The challenges of achieving inclusive growth.C) The role of inclusive growth in sustainable economic development.D) The concept of inclusive growth and its significance.答案：D2. According to the passage, what is one major challenge in achieving inclusive growth?A) The lack of political will.B) The unequal distribution of resources and opportunities.C) The prioritization of short-term economic growth.D) The lack of access to quality education.答案：B3. How can education contribute to inclusive growth?A) By reducing the gap between the rich and the poor.B) By providing access to quality education.C) By fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.D) All of the above.答案：D4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a role of education in promoting inclusive growth?A) Enhancing human capital.B) Promoting social mobility.C) Fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.D) Encouraging economic globalization.答案：D5. What is the author's tone towards inclusive growth?A) Optimistic.B) Pessimistic.C) Neutral.D) Critical.答案：A（注：本文为虚构的考研英语二阅读理解Text 2试题及答案，仅供参考。
2020考研英语二阅读原文翻译
一、标题：2020考研英语二阅读原文翻译二、引言今年的考研英语二阅读部分原文内容涵盖了多个领域，涉及了丰富多彩的话题，对考生的阅读能力和英语水平提出了较高的要求。
本文将对2020年考研英语二阅读部分的原文进行翻译，希望对广大考生备战考研提供帮助。
三、原文翻译1. 第一篇原文：《The Impact of Air Pollution》空气污染的影响Air pollution is a problem for many countries throughout the world. It is caused by industrial and vehicle emissions and is increasing at an alarming rate. It can cause respiratory diseases, and on smoggy days, it is advisable to stay indoors.空气污染是世界许多国家的问题。
它是由工业和车辆排放引起的，并以令人担忧的速度增长。
它会导致呼吸道疾病，而在雾霾天气，最好呆在室内。
2. 第二篇原文：《The Impact of Climate Change on Wildlife》气候变化对野生动物的影响Recent studies show that climate change is having a significant impact on wildlife. Rising temperatures and changes in weather patterns are affecting the habitats of many species, leading to a decline in populations and a loss of biodiversity.最近的研究表明，气候变化对野生动物有着显著的影响。
考研英语二2020年阅读理解译文
题目：2020年考研英语二阅读理解译文解析【导言】2020年的考研英语二阅读理解部分题目涉及了诸多热门话题，如人工智能、环境保护、社会问题等。
考研英语阅读理解部分要求考生具备较强的阅读理解能力和翻译能力，因此备考过程中除了熟练阅读外文资料，还需要注重英译汉的训练。
下面，我们将就2020年考研英语二阅读理解部分的几道题目进行译文解析，帮助考生更好地准备考试。
【正文】1. 题目一：《人工智能与工作》题干：人工智能技术使得人们的工作岌岌可危。
人工智能技术对人类工作将产生怎样的影响？原文：人工智能技术以其高效和准确的特性，正在渗透进人们的日常工作中，从制造业到服务业，从工程师到普通劳动者，范围涵盖全面。
这些新兴的技术不仅能够完成劳动力密集型的工作，而且还能够执行一部分技术密集型的工作。
随着人工智能技术的不断发展，预计在未来几十年内会有相当数量的工作被自动化工具所取代。
译文：人工智能技术正在广泛应用于各个行业，从制造业到服务业，从工程师到普通劳动者，已经成为无法回避的趋势。
它们不仅可以完成需要大量人力的工作，还能够执行一部分技术密集型的工作。
随着人工智能技术的不断发展，预计未来几十年内会有相当数量的工作被自动化取代。
2. 题目二：《环境污染与可持续发展》题干：环境污染问题已成为全球性难题。
为了实现可持续发展，我们应该采取怎样的措施？原文：在全球范围内，环境问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。
环境污染给人类带来了巨大的危害，严重威胁着生态平衡和人类健康。
要实现可持续发展，必须采取切实有效的措施，包括加强环境治理、推动绿色发展、倡导低碳生活、提倡循环利用资源、促进环境教育等。
译文：环境问题已成为全球关注的焦点。
环境污染给人类造成了严重的危害，对生态平衡和人类健康构成了威胁。
为了实现可持续发展，必须采取切实有效的措施，包括加强环境治理、推动绿色发展、倡导低碳生活、提倡资源循环利用以及促进环境教育。
3. 题目三：《社会问题与解决办法》题干：社会问题如贫富差距、就业难题等已经成为全球性难题。
2022考研英语二真题及答案
注：标黄色字体为试题答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,Cor Don the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Harlan Coben believes that if you're a writer,you'll find the time;and that if you can't find the time,then writing isn't a priority and you're not a writer.For him writing is a1job—a job like any other.He has2it with plumbing,pointing out that a plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can't work with pipes today.3,like most writers these days,you're holding down a job to pay the bill,it's Not4to find the time to write.But it's not impossible.It requires determination and single-mindedness.5that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to ear a living.And today,even writers who are fairly6often have to do other work to7their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested it's a8of priorities.To make writing a priority,you'll have to9some of your day-to-day-activities and some things you really enjoy.Depending on your10and your life style,that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music,though some people can write11they listen to music.You might have to12the amount of exercise or sport you do.You'll have to make social media an13activity rather than a daily time-consuming 14.There'll probably have to be less socializing with your friends an less time with your family.Its a15learning curve,and it won't always make you popular.There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for,16your writing—and that's reading.And writer needs to read as much and as widely as they can:its the one17supporter—something you can't do without.Time is finite.The older you get,the18it seems to go.We need to use it as carefully and as19as we can,that means prioritising out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do.If you're a writer,that means—20一writing.1. A.difficult B.normal C.steady D.pleasant2. bined pared C.confused D.confronted3. A.if B.Through C.Once D.Unless4. A.enough B.strange C.wrong D.easy5. A.Accpect B.Explain C.Remember D.Suppose6. A.well-known B.well-advised C.well-informed D.well-chosen7. A.donate B.generate C.supplement D.calculate8. A.cause B.purpose C.question D.condition9. A.highlight B.sacrifice C.condition D.explore10.A.highlight B.interests C.memories D.skils11.A.until B.because C.while D.before12.A.put up with B.make up of C.hang on to D.cut down on13.A.intelligent B.occasional C.intensive D.emotional14.A.habit B.test C.decision D.plan15.A.tough B.gentle C.rapid D.funny16.A.in place of B.in charge of C.in response to D.in addition to17.A.indispensable B.innovative C.invisible D.instant18.A.duller B.harder C.productively D.quicker19.A.peacefully B.generously C.productively D.gratefully20.A.at most B.in turn C.on average D.above allSection II Reading ComprehensionPart.ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C,or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)Text1On a recent sunny dayl3.000chickens roam over Larry Brown's40windswept acres in Shiner Texas.Some rest in the shade of a parked car Others drink waterwith the cows.This all seems random,but it's by design,part of what the S6.1billion US.egg industry bets will be its next big thing;climate-friendly eggs.These eggs,which are making their debut now on shelves for as much asS8adozen,are still labeled organic and animal-friendly,but they're also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture-special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap green house gases.Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.I'm excited about our progress"says Brown,who is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat.The birds'waste then fertilizes fields.Such improvements"allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land,the hens,and the eggs that we supply to our customers.The egg industry's push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering.in barely more than a decade,organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart.More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats,but both have exploded into major supermarket categories.If the sustainable-egg roll out is successful.it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef,broccoli,and beyond.Regenerative products could be a hard sell because the concept is tough to define quickly,says Julie Stanton,associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandy wine.Such farming also brings minimal,if any,improvement to the food products(though some producers say their eggs have more protein).The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range,non-GMO,and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned aboutclimate change,and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect environment.Young adults"really care about the pla says John Brunnquell,president of Egg Innovations"are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what It hink even they understand what they're doing.The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-ra non-GMO,and pasture-raised eggs will embsustainability.Surveys show that younger generations more concerned about climate change,and some ot success of plant-based meat can be chalked u shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect environment.Young adults"really care about the plasays John Bnnnquell,president of Egg Innovations"are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what It think even they understand what they're doing.21.the climate-friendly eggs are producted.[A]at a considerably low cost[B]at the demand of regular shoppers[C]as a replacement for organic eggs[D on specially designed formsrry Brown is excited about his progress in__[A]reducting the damage of[B]accelaratiny the disposal of uest[C].Creatinya sustainable system[D]Attratiny customers to his products23.the example of organic eggs is used in the paragragh if to suggest.[A]the doubts to over natural feeds[B]the set breaks in the eggs industry[C]the potentia lof regenerative products[D]the promotional success of super markets24.It can be learned from paragraph that young people____.[A]are reluctant to change their diet[B]are likely to buy climate.friendly eggs[C]are curious about new food[D]are amazed at agruculoure advornces25.John Brungvel would disagree with Julie Stanton overegenerative products.[A]A.markets prospects[B]standard definition[C]market prospect[D]moricl implicationText2More Americans are opting to work well into retirement,a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.One in three Americans who are at least40have or plan to have a job in retirementto prepare for a longer life,according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade.Even more surprising is that more than half of"unretirees"-those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring-said they would be employed in their later years even ifthey had enough money to settle down,the survey showed.Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the"unretirement"trend.Other reasons,according to the study,include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit,preventing boredom or avoiding depression.About72%of"unretiree"respondents said that they would return to work once retired to keep mentally fit while59%said it would be tied to making ends meet.The concept of retirement is evolving,"said Christine Russell,senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade."Its not just about finances.The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement."One reason for the change in retirement patterns:Americans are living longer. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the U.S.workforce,and boomers are expected to live longer than previous generations.The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About20%of people65and older were in the workforce in February,up from an all-time low of10%in January1985,according to money manager United Income.Because of longer life spans,Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs,the TD Ameritrade study showed,which surveyed2,000adults between40to79,Six in10"unretirees"are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life,according to the survey.Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said,is by reducing their overall expenses,securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.Unfortunately,many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years,said B rent Weiss,a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth.He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term f inancial goals."The most challenging moments in life are getting married,starting a family and ultimately retiring,"Weiss said."Its not just a financial decision,but an emotional one.Many people believe they can't retire."26.The survey conducted by Haris Poll indicates thatA.over half of the retirees are physically fit for workB.the old workforce is as active as the younger one doseC.one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirementD.more Americans are willing to work in retirement27.It can be inferred from paragraph3that Americans tend to think that.A.retirement may cause problems for themB.boredom can be relieved after retirementC.the mental health of retirees is overlookedD.unretirement contributes to the economy28.Retirement patterns are changing partly due to.bor shortageB.population growthC.Longer life expectancyD.rising living costs29.Many retirees are increasingly swines by.A.investing more in stocksB.taking up odd jobsC.getting well-paid workD.spending less30.With regard to retirement,Bent Weiss thinks that many people are.A.unpreparedB.unafraidC.disappointedD.enthusiasticText3We have all encountered them,in both our personal and professional lives., Think about the times you felt tricked o frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel.Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated,intentionally or unintentionally,in ways that impair consumer choice.These are example of patterns.First coined in2010by user experience expert Hary Brignull,dark patterns"is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users.Brignull identifies12types of common dark patterns,ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel,"where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start,but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.In a2019study of53,000product pages and11000websites,researchersfound that about one in10employs these design practices.Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood.Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.Where is the line between ethical,persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT,compliance,risk,and legal teams to review their privacy policy,and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface,aswell as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups,checkout baskets, pricing,and promotions.Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding" digital deception."Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns,most recently at the state level.In March,the Califomia Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California ConsumerPrivacy Act(CCPA)that ensure that consumers will not be confused ormisled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights."The regulations aim to ban dark patterns-this means prohibiting companies from using"confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out.As more states consider promulgating additional requlations,there is a need for greater accountability form within the business community.Dark patterns also be addressed on a self-regulatory basis,but only if organizitions hold themselves accountable,not just to legal requirements,but also to industry best practices and standards.31.It can be leamned from the first two paragrphs that dark patterns.A.improve user experienceB.leak user information for profitC.undermine usersdecision-makingD.remind users ofhiddeb costs32.The2019study on dark pattern is mentioned to show.A.their major flawsB.their complex designsC.their severe damageD.their strong presence33.To handle digital deception business should.A.listen to customer feedbackB.talk with relevant teamsC.turn to independent agenciesD.relyon professional traning34.The additional regulations under the CCPA are ntendedto.A.guide user though opt-out processesB.protect consumers from being trickedC.grant companies data privacy rightD.restrict access to problematic content35.According to the last paragraph a key to coping with dark patterns is.A.new legal requirementsB.business self-disciplineC.strict regulatory standardsD.consumers'safety awareneText4Although ethics classes are common around the world,scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior;evidence either way is weak,relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports.But a new studypublished in Cognition found that,in at least one real-world situation,a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class session's impact on eating meat.They chose this particular behavior for three reasons,according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel,a philosopher at the University of Califoria,Riverside;students' attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable,behavior is easily measurable,and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering.Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat,optionally watched an 11-mimute video on the topic and joined a50-minute discussion.The other half focused on charitable giving instead.Then,unknown to the students,the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester—nearly14,000receipts for almost500students.Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect;he hadpreviously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors,including voting rates,blood donation and returning library books.But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics,meal purchases containing meat decreased from52to45percent-and this effect held steady for thestudy's duration of several weeks,Purchases from the other group remained at52 percent.,"That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention,"Schwitzgebel says.Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania,who was not involved in the study,says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable.And if real,she notes,it might be reversible by another nudge:"Easy come,easy go."Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence—classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism,showing it as achievable or more common.Second,the video may have had an emotional impact.Least rousing.he thinks,was rational argument,although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role.Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style,teaching assistants'eating habits and students' video exposure.Meanwhile，Schwizgebel—who had predicted no effect—willbe eating his words.36.Scientists generally blieve that the effects of ethics classes are.[A]hard to determine[B]narrowly interpreted[C]difficult to ignore[D]poorly summarized37.Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat eating?[A]It is common among students.[B]ti a behavior easy to measure.[C]It is important to students'health.[D]It is a hot topic in ethics classes.38.Eric Schwitzgebel's previous findings suggest that ethics professors.[A]are seldom critical of their students[B]are less sociable than other professors[C]are not sensitive to political issues[D]are not necessarily ethically better39.Nina Strohminger thinks that the effect of the intervention is.[A]permanent[B]predictable[C]uncertain[D]unrepeatable40.Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students'change in behavior.[A]can bring psychological benefits[B]can be analyzed statistically[C]is a result of multiple factors[D]is a sign of self-developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Start Low,Go Slow[B]Round Out Your Routine[C]Talk With Your Doctor[D]Make It a Habit[E]Go Through the Motions[F]Don't Go It Alone[G]Listen to Your BodyMoving your body has been shown to reduce anxiety and depression,lowerrates of many types of cancer and the risk of a heart-attack,and improve overall immunity.It also helps build strength and stamina.MORE ON STAYING FITThe Major Health Benefits ofEven Modest ExerciseBest Ways to Work Out on a TreadmillA Home Exercise Plan That Really WorksHow to Use Your Heart Rate to Help You Work OutBest Equipment for a Home GymGetting back into exercise can be a challenge in the best of times,but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days because of COVID-19concerns,it can be tricky to know where to start.And i's important toget the right dose of activity.Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout,"says Mary Yoke,PhD,a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington.Follow this advice to return to exercise safely.41.[A]Start Low Go SlowDon't try to go back to what you were-doing before your break.If you were walking3miles a day,playing18holes of golf three times a week,or lifting10-pound dumbbells for three sets of10reps,-reduce activity to%mile every other day,or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days,or use5-pound dumbbells for one set of10reps.Increase time,distance,and intensity gradually."This isn't something you can do ovemight,"Denay says.But you'll reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep right away.42.[G]Liten to Your BodyIf you're breathing too had to talk in complete sentences,back off.Ifyou feel good,go a lttle longer or faster.Feeling wiped out after a session?Go easier nexttime.And stay alert to serious symptoms,such as chest pain or pressure,severe shortness of breath or dizziness,or faintness,and seek medical attention immedately.43.[D]Make It a HabitConsistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina. Ten minutes of activity per day is a good start,says Marcus Jackovitz,DPT,a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital.All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because it's the easiest,most acessible form of exercise.Although it can be a workout on its own,if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes,tennis,cycling,or any other activity.walking is also a great first step.44.[E]Go Through the MotionsEven if you can't yet do a favorite activity,you can practice the moves.With or without a club or racket,swing like you're hitting the ball.Paddle like you're in a kayak or canoe.Mimic your favorite swimming strokes.The action will-remindyou of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again.45.[F]Don't Go It AloneExercising with others"can keep you account-able and make it more fun,soyoure more likely todo it again,"-Jackovitz says.You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant.But when you can't connect in person,consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around your neighborhood.Face Time or Zoom with a relative as you strength train or stretch at home.You can also join a live stream or on-demand exercise class.Silver Sneakers offers them for older adults,or try Ever Walk for virtual challenges.Editors Note:A version of this article also appeared in the January2021issue of Consumer Reports On Health.section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)Although we try our best,sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned.Changes in the light,the limitations of your painting materials and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing it turn out that this can actually be good for you.Unexpected results have two benefits:you pretty quickly lean to deal with disappointment and realise that when one door closes,another opens.You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking out side the box will become your Second nature.In fact,creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life.with which you're more lkely to be able to find a solution when problem arises.【参考译文】虽然我们尽了最大的努力，但是有时候我们的作品很少能达到预期的效果。
2022考研《英语二》真题及答案解析
2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题本试题来源于考生回忆，仅供学习参考，请勿用作其他用途!一、Section I Use of English1. Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.Harlan Coben believes that if you're a writer,you’ll find the time; and that if you can’t find the time,then writing isn't a priority and you’re not a writer.For him,writing is a 【A1】iob-a job like any other. He has 【A2】it with plumbing,pointing out that a plumber doesn’t wake up and say that he can’t work with pipes today.【A3】,like most writers these days,you're holiday down a job to pay the bills,it’s not 【A4】to find the time to write.But it's not impossible.It requires determination and single-mindedness. 【A5】that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living.And today,even writers who are fairly 【A6】often have to do other work to 【A7】their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested,it's a 【A8】of priorities. To make writing a priority, you’ll have to 【A9】some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your 【A10】and your lifestyle,that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music,though some people can write 【A11】they listen to music. You might have to【A12】t he amount of exercise or sport you do.You’ll have to make social media an 【A13】activity rather than a daily,time-consuming 【A14】.There’1l probably have to be less socializing with your friends and less time with your family.It's a 【A15】learning curve,and it won’t always make you popular.There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for,【A16】your writing-and that's reading.Any writer needs to read as much and as widely as they can;it's the one 【A17】 supporter-something you ca n’t do without.Time is finite. The older you get,the 【A18】it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as 【A19】as we can. That means prioritising our activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do.If you’re a writer,that means 【A20】writing(1), 【A1】A.difficultB.normal √C.steadyD.pleasant解析：difficult 困难normal正常的steady持续地、平稳地pleasant讨人喜欢的。
2020年考研英语二真题答案及解析(文字版)
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections ：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule -following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there 'anso ther sort of parent that 'a sb it easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You' re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We ' ve all been there.__12__, even though it ' s common, it ' s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you cansay something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child -esteem. ' s selfIf you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughoutlife. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all lifeCertainly, it ' s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal isto try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D byaccident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly Deventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious Dinevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
2024年考研英语二阅读理解真题原文及参考答案
2024年考研英语二阅读理解真题原文及参考答案真题原文：Passage OneIn the modern workplace, the concept of "work-life balance" has become a buzzword, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a healthy equilibrium between professional responsibilities and personal life. However, achieving this balance is often easier said than done. The rapid pace of technological advancement and the increasing pressure to be always connected have blurred the lines between work and life, making it challenging for many to disconnect.In this context, the concept of "digital detox" has gained popularity. Digital detox refers to the practice of taking a break from digital devices and the internet for a certain period to reduce stress and improve overallwell-being. This article explores the benefitsand challenges of digital detox and offers strategies for incorporating it into daily life.The benefits of digital detox are numerous. Firstly, it can lead to significant improvements in mental health. Continuous exposure to social media, emails, and other digital notifications can cause chronic stress and anxiety. By taking a break from these digital stimulants, individuals can experience a sense of calm and relaxation. Secondly, a digital detox can enhance productivity. By limiting the number of distractions, employees can focus better ontheir tasks, leading to higher efficiency and better work outcomes. Lastly, it can improve relationships, as people are more present and engaged in face-to-face interactions.However, digital detox also presents several challenges. One of the main challenges is the fear of missing out (FOMO). In today's fast-paced world, being constantly connected is often seen as a necessity. Many individuals may worry that they will miss important updates, opportunities, or social interactions if theydisconnect. Additionally, digital detox can be difficult to implement in a workplace where connectivity is essential for communication and collaboration.To incorporate digital detox into daily life, several strategies can be employed. Firstly, individuals can set specific times for checking emails and social media, ensuring that they are not constantly interrupted by notifications. Secondly, employers can encourage employees to take regular breaks from digital devices, promoting a culture of well-being in the workplace. Thirdly, technology can be used to facilitate digital detox. For instance, apps can be used to block distracting websites or limit the use of certain apps during work hours.Passage TwoThe rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked debates about its impact on the futureof work. While some argue that AI will lead to widespread job displacement, others believe that it will create new opportunities and enhanceproductivity. This article examines thepotential effects of AI on the workforce and discusses strategies for preparing for this technological revolution.Proponents of AI argue that it will create new job opportunities. As AI technology continues to advance, new industries and roles will emerge. For example, AI developers, data analysts, and ethical AI specialists will be in high demand. Additionally, AI can take over repetitive and mundane tasks, allowing human workers to focus on more creative and complex aspects of their jobs. This can lead to increased productivity and innovation.However, there are concerns that AI could lead to significant job displacement. Routine and low-skilled jobs are particularly vulnerable to automation. Workers in industries such as manufacturing, retail, and transportation may find their roles replaced by AI-driven machines and algorithms. This could result in economic inequality and social unrest if appropriate measures are not taken.To prepare for the impact of AI on the workforce, several strategies can be implemented. Firstly, there needs to be a focus on lifelong learning and upskilling. As technology evolves, workers must adapt and acquire new skills to remain relevant. Secondly, governments and businesses should invest in education andtraining programs to equip workers with theskills needed to thrive in an AI-driven economy. Thirdly, policies should be developed to address the potential negative consequences of AI, such as job displacement and economic inequality.Passage ThreeThe concept of sustainability has become a central issue in contemporary society. As the world grapples with climate change, resource depletion, and environmental degradation, individuals and organizations are increasingly seeking ways to reduce their carbon footprintand promote sustainable practices. This article explores the role of sustainable consumption in addressing these challenges.Sustainable consumption involves making choices that minimize environmental impact, conserve natural resources, and promote social responsibility. It encompasses a wide range of behaviors, from reducing waste and choosing eco-friendly products to supporting fair trade and ethical production practices. By adopting sustainable consumption habits, individuals can contribute to a more sustainable future.One of the key benefits of sustainable consumption is the reduction of environmental impact. By choosing products that are made from sustainable materials, produced using renewable energy, and designed for durability and recyclability, consumers can significantly reduce their carbon footprint. Additionally, sustainable consumption can lead to the conservation of natural resources, as it encourages the efficient use of resources and reduces waste.However, there are challenges to promoting sustainable consumption. One of the main challenges is the lack of awareness andknowledge among consumers. Many individuals may not be aware of the environmental impact oftheir consumption choices or may not know how to make sustainable choices. Additionally, sustainable products are often more expensive than their conventional counterparts, making them less accessible to some consumers.To promote sustainable consumption, several strategies can be employed. Firstly, education and awareness campaigns can help consumers understand the importance of sustainable consumption and provide them with the information they need to make informed choices. Secondly, governments can implement policiesthat incentivize sustainable consumption, such as tax breaks for eco-friendly products or subsidies for renewable energy. Lastly, businesses can play a role by offering more sustainable product options and reducing the environmental impact of their operations.参考答案：Passage One1. What is the main purpose of the passage?A) To discuss the challenges of achieving work-life balance.B) To explore the concept of digital detox.C) To analyze the impact of technology on mental health.D) To provide strategies for improving workplace productivity.答案：B) To explore the concept of digital detox.2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of digital detox?A) Improved mental health.B) Enhanced productivity.C) Strengthened relationships.D) Increased stress and anxiety.答案：D) Increased stress and anxiety.Passage Two3. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The negative impact of AI on job displacement.B) The potential benefits and challenges of AI in the workforce.C) The importance of preparing for the AI-driven economy.D) The role of AI in creating new job opportunities.答案：B) The potential benefits and challenges of AI in the workforce.4. According to the passage, which of the following is a concern regarding AI's impact on the workforce?A) It will create new job opportunities.B) It will enhance productivity and innovation.C) It could lead to job displacement.D) It will eliminate the need for human workers.答案：C) It could lead to job displacement.Passage Three5. What is the main focus of the passage?A) The challenges of sustainable consumption.B) The role of sustainable consumption in addressing environmental issues.C) The benefits of sustainable consumption.D) Strategies for promoting sustainable consumption.答案：B) The role of sustainable consumption in addressing environmental issues.6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of sustainable consumption?A) Reduction of environmental impact.B) Conservation of natural resources.C) Increased awareness among consumers.D) Promotion of social responsibility.答案：C) Increased awareness among consumers.注意：以上答案仅供参考，实际考试答案可能会有所不同。
考研阅读2（有详细翻译）Onthesenseofhumor：总结计划汇报设计可编辑
On the sense of humor[1] I doubt whether the importance of humor has been fully appreciated, or the possibility of its use in changing the quality and character of our entire cultural life—the place of humor in politics, humor in scholarship, and humor in life. Because its function is chemical, rather than physical, it alters the basic texture of our thought and experience. Its importance in national life we can take for granted. The inability to laugh cost the former Kaiser Wilhelm an empire, or as an American might say, cost the German people billions of dollars. Wilhelm Hohenzollern probably could laugh in his private life, but he always looked so terribly impressive with his upturned mustache in public, as if he was always angry with somebody. And then the quality of his laughter and the things he laughed at—laughter at victory, at success, at getting on top of others—were just as important factors in determining his life fortune. Germany lost the war because Wilhelm Hohenzollern did not know when to laugh, or what to laugh at. His dreams were not restrained by laughter.1. 我很怀疑世人是否会体验过幽默的重要性，或幽默对于改变我们整体文化生活的可能性——幽默在政治上，在学术上，在生活上的地位。
2023年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2023年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析第一篇：儿童游戏及其发展原文AChildren play games for many reasons. Play helps them learn about themselves and others, develop imagination and creativity, and acquire basic intellectual and social skills. Through play, children also learn about their world.BChildren usually create their own games, but sometimes they learn games from others. They may learn games from older children or from adults. For example, a four-year-old might learn a game from a six-year-old, who in turn learned it from a ten-year-old, who learned it from an adult. Because children may learn games from many different people, games may change over time. They may be altered or mixed with other games that children know.CChildren’s games are also influenced by cultural tradi tions. For example, many games are passed down from one generation to the next. Game rules may change somewhat with time, but some games remain remarkably similar across generations and across cultural borders. Children may learngames from their parents or grandparents, from aunts or uncles, or even from cousins.译文A儿童玩游戏有许多原因。
2020年考研英语二真题及答案(完美打印版)
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统-考试英语（二）试题Section I Use or EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A. B. C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 particularly since children respond differently lo the same style of parenting. A calm rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than 2 a younger one.3, there's another sort of parent that's easier to 4 ; a parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still , 5 . every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy 6 . sometimes, parents gel exhausted and are unable to maintain a 7 style with their kids. 1 understand this.You're only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream al your kids or say something that was too10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could11 the clock and start over. We've all been there.12 even though it's common, it's vital to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also14 your child's self-esteem.If you consistently lose your15 with your kids, then you are modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the16 of modeling patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to maintain emotional control when17 by stress is one of the most significant of all life's skills.Certainly, it's18 lo maintain patience at all times with your kids. A more practical goal is to try to be as calm as you can when faced with19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward ibis goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressfulmoments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.[A] pleasant[B]tricky[C] tedious[D] instructive2. [A] at once[B]in addition[C] for example[D] by accident3.[A] Fortunately(B] Occasionally[C] Accordingly[D]Eventually4. [A] amuse[B] train[C] assist[D] describe5. [A] once[B] because[C] unless[D| while6. [A] choice|B] answer[C] task[D] access7.[A] formal[B] tolerant[C] rigid[D] critical8.[A] move[B]send[C]drag[D] push9.[A] inevitable[B] illogical[C] mysterious[D] suspicious10.[A] boring[B] harsh|C] naive[D] vague11.[A] turn back[B] take apart[C] set aside[D] cover up12.[A] Overall[B] Instead[C] otherwise[D]However13.[A] believe[B] regret[C] miss[D] like14. [A] justify[B] raise[C] affect[D] reflect15.[A]bond[B]time[C]race[D]cool16.[A] nature[B]secret[C]context(D] importance17.[A] confronted[B]defeated[C]cheated (D] confused18.[A] strange[B]terrible[C] hard[D] wrong19.[A] exciting[B]trying[C]Surprising[D] changing20. [A] withdraw[B]hide[C]emerge[D]escapeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing /X.B.Cor D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial -for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to lei trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing. This could lead lo the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats lo befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. "We'd assumed we'd have lo give its moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat. but that wasn't necessary," says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats arc to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. "We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too," says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can .[A]pickup social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable trails through special training[D]send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?[A]Il followed the social robot[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they .[A] tried to practice a means of escape] expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats .[A] can remember other rat's facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats .[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B]are more socially active than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typicalworkers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has. by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other worker; in the U.S. economy.Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to "run the company". CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slip up can be significant. Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid lo outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say. stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A]The growth in the number of corporations[B]The general pay rise with a belter economy[C]Increased business opportunities for top firms[D]Close cooperation among leading economiespared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to .[A]foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B]finance more research and development[C]establish closer ties with tech companies[D]operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite .[A]continual internal opposition[B]strict corporate governance[C]conservative business strategies[D]Repeated government warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps ..[A]confirm the status of CEOs[B]motivate inside candidates[C]boost the efficiency of CEOs[D]increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be .[A]CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B]CEO Pay: Past and Present[C]CEOs' challenges of Today[D]CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election daylater, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centerpiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. Bui with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That's because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay tees or buy better vehicles-rat her than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez arc useless. Far from iL Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits -fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments-Brilliant’s and others across Europe-have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas -city centers, "school streels", even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimize pollution. We' re doing even-thing but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?[A]Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C]It needs tougher enforcement[D]Its fate is yet to be decided32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of London's Ulez will .[A]arouse strong resistance.[B]ensure Khan's electoral success.[C]improve the city's traffic.[D]discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.Il can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies .[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations [CJ will upgrade the design of their vehicles [D] should be put under public supervisionText 4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring-the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995. give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's lighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied lo millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years. Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The boom economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency especially for those who have college debt, College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record ＄l. 5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 8 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life balance was number one),followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring[A] are recognized for their abilities[B] are in favor of job offers[C] are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37. Generation Zs are keenly aware[A] what a tough economic situation is like[B] what their parents expect of them[C] how they differ from past generations[D] how valuable a counselor’s advice is38. The word "assuage"(line 9, para 2) is closet in meaning to[A] define[B] relieve[C] maintain[D] deepen39. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation[A] care little about their performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C] think it hard to achieve work-life balance[D] have a clear idea about their future job40. Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation ZS are[A] less realistic[B] less adventurous[C] more diligent[D]more generousPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings, which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Give compliments, just not too many.[A]Put on a good face, always.[B]Tailor your interactions.|D] Spend time with everyone.[D]Reveal, don't hide, information.[E]Slow down and listen.[F]Put yourselves in others, shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41. _____If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay light-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them. you should just be honest.42._____lust as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or compliment. Those are all valid but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers ina genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43._____It's common to have a "cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day44. _____Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone’s boss tell them theydid an unexceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will inothers. But don’t over do it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45. _____This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you' re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section II Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET(15 points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world." Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we' re meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they' re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section III WritingPart A47.Directions: Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students. Write an email to1)tell them about the site, and2)give them some tips for the tour Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name, use "Li Ming" instead (10 points)Part B48.Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)2020考研英语二真题及答案1、tricky2、forexample3、fortunately4、assist5、while6、task7、tolerant8、push9、inevitable10、harsh11、turnback12、however13、regret14、affect15、cool16、importance17、confronted18、hard19、changing20、escape1-20答案：DCBDC CBCAB ADBCA DBCCC text 121.A.pick up social signals from non-living rats22.D.It moved around alone.23.B.expected it to do the same in return24.C.respond more to actions to looks25. D.are more sensitive to social than expectedtext 226. D.increased business opportunities for top firms27. A.operate more globalized companies28. C.strict corporate governance29.A.increase corporate value30. B.CEOs are not overpaidtext 331.B. Its fate is yet to be decided32. C. They put the burden on individual motorists.33.D. arouse strong resistance34.D. national governance35.A. should be forced to follow regulationstext 436. C.are drawing growing attention37. B.what a tough economic situation is like38. C.relieve39. A.have a clear idea about future jobs.40. Lessadventurous2020考研英语二真题及答案：新题型阅读41. Reveal,don’t hide information42. Slowdown & listen43. Spendtime with everyone44. Givecompliment just not too often45. tailor your interaction21-45答案：ADBBDDDCAA BCDDACBCAC FGEBD翻译题参考答案：人的一生总要经历一些失败。
2022年考研英语二全文翻译答案超详解析
2021年考研英语二全文翻译答案超详解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harborbiases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
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英语二T e x t 11---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。
家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。
全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。
不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。
21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。
[A] is receiving more criticism[B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对）[C] is not required for advanced courses（正反）[D] is gaining more preferences（正反）2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。
这个规定旨在提出：来自贫穷家庭或混乱家庭的学生有困难，不能完成家庭作业。
但该政策是不清晰的，是矛盾的。
显然，没有哪个家庭作业是在没有昂贵设备就无法完成的。
但如果该学区因为学生家庭复杂而不做家庭作业就给他通过的话，那么这就意味着对于贫穷孩子，标准要降低。
22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____。
[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework3---District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule。
区政府官员说，家庭作业仍将是学校教育的一部分：老师允许布置他想布置的作业。
但家庭作业算入他们成绩的比例不能超过10%的话，学生就能逃避一半家庭作业，成绩报告单上看不出差别。
有些学生可能不做完家庭作业也能取得好成绩。
但想想那些做家庭作业并取得考试好成绩的学生吧，家庭作业完全有可能帮助了他们。
但是，老师没有得到授权去寻找什么作业最适合学生，该政策给老师强加了一条无聊的一刀切规则。
23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____。
[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education4---At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimporta nt to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make themcount for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers aren't assigning more than they're willing to review and correct.同时，该政策没有处理家庭作业真正棘手的问题。
如果该学区发现家庭作业对于孩子的学业是不重要的，它就应该减少或者免除家庭作业，而不是减少所占比分。
相反，如果家庭作业重要，它就应该在成绩中重要比重。
同时，该政策没有确保学生做的家庭作业是否是有意义的，或者是否适合他们年龄和所上学科，或者老师是否不过量布置作业。
24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated [B]it counts much in schooling（count 表示重要）[C] it places extra burdens on teachers [D]it is important for grades原版5---The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It's not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.5---The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right。
学校董事会是教育政策的制定者，在它调查此事并进行公众意见听证会的时候，家庭作业的规则应该暂停实施。
洛杉矶学区要处理好家庭作业这件事还是来得及的。
25. A suitable title for this text could be______。
[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to Homework （原文标题）。