主从复合句
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2010-10-14 9
此结构在形式上同it引导的形式主语结构，很难区分。只 要将强调结构：“It is/was…that…” 拿掉，句子仍然成立，句意不变，便可确定为强调结构， 否则为主语从句，试比较： It was this morning that they helped me. （去掉强调结 构，句子仍然成立不变） It is important that we should make full use of our time. （去掉强调结构，句子不成立）
1.名词性从句
名词性从句包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位 语从句，主要有连接词that, whether, if, what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how等引导， 如: He wants to know where we should have the meeting. It is not yet decided where we should have the meeting. The question is where we should have the meeting. I have no idea where we should have the meeting. 以上四句为宾语从句，主语从局，表语从句和同位语从 句。
2010-10-14 13
(7) which和as引导定语从 句的用法区别
which和as都可以引导非限制性定语从句，代表前面整个 主句的内容，在定语从句中作宾语或主语，不用的是as 引导的定语从句除放在句末、句中外，还置于句首，需 which不可置于句首，另外，as常用于“such...as”, “the same...as”结构中，如： As we natural, he married her. He, as is clear from his manner, is a teacher. This is such a pen as I lost yesterday. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
(3) Whether 和 if 区别
① 引导宾语从句可互换，但表语从句、主语从句多用 whether，不用if，如： The question is whether it is worth reading. Whether we’ll go depends on the whether. ② 当if 引导的宾语从句可能发生歧义时，宜用whether , 如： Please tell me if you need the dictionary. 此句可有两种理解：请告诉我你是否需要这本词典；或 如果你需要这本词典就请告诉我。如果需要前一种意思， 最好用whether。
2010-10-14
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(4) 名词性从句中 做形式主语 宾语问题 名词性从句中it 做形式主语/宾语问题
① 含有主语从句的复合句，常用形式主语it 结构。 That he will come is sure. →It is sure that he will come. a. 当主语从句由what, whatever, whoever, whichever等 关连词引导时，不能用it 结构，只能把从句置于句首， 如： Whoever comes first will get the ticket. b. 当名词性从句本身是疑问句时，只能用it 结构。 Why is it that none of them has shown up yet？怎么他 们一个都还没有来？
如：我想他不会来了。 I think he will not come. (X) I don’t think he will come. (√) 变反意疑问句时附加部分应采用肯定形式。 I don’t think he will come, will he ?
(2)名词性从句中关联词 名词性从句中关联词what 和 that 的区别 名词性从句中关联词
2010-10-14
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② 某些动词,如:think, find, feel, consider, make等后带复 合宾语时,常用it做形式宾语,将真正的宾语后移,以保持句 子的平衡,如: We all think it a pity that our teacher didn’t come to our Evening Party. ③ 强调结构与it做形式主语的区别 所谓强调结构即用it做形式主语,改变一个句子的结构,用 来强调某一部分,其句式是: It is/was+被强调的部分+that (who (m))+句子成分。 只在强调“人”时，可用who/whom其他均用that，如： It’s I that/who am an English teacher.
2010-10-14 2
名词性从句中需注意的 几个问题如下：
(1)某些特定词，如think, believe, suppose, guess, 某些特定词， 某些特定词 expect等后带宾语从句，若从句是否定句，常将否定部 等后带宾语从句， 等后带宾语从句 若从句是否定句， 分移置主句， 分移置主句，而汉语的翻译则仍在从句中
பைடு நூலகம்
（6）that/which 的用 法区别
在定语从句中，关系代词that和which都可充当从句的主 语和宾语。一般情况下that和which可互换，但在下列情 况下只用that不用which。 ①当先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, much, few, little等不定代词时关系代词用that,如： All that can be done must be done. I told him something that he had not known. ②当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，如： The first thing that we should do is (to) work out a plan. ③当先行词被 the only, the very, any, no等修饰时，如： This is the only chair that I can find.
2010-10-14
10
（5）同位语从句与定 语从句的区别
同位语从句通常由下列名词做先行词，如：fact, news, idea, promise, hope, order, belief, conclusion, evidence, suggestion, problem, report, decision等，这些名词说明 “是什么（内容）”，而定语从句修饰前面的名词/代词 （先行词）说明“是什么样的（性质、特征等）”；另 外，引导定语从句关系代词/关系副词在从句中充当成分， 而引导同位语从句的关联词在从句中不充当任何成分， 试比较： ① I told them the news that our team won the match.(同位语); ② I told them the news which that surprised them very much. (定语从句) 【注意】有时由于谓语较短，可将同位语从句置于谓语 之后，如： The news came that their team had won 2010-10-14 11 the championship.
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c. 在一些固定搭配、习惯用法中，常用it 结构，如： It’s a pity/a fact/a question/good news that…. It’s no wonder that…. It is said/reported/announced/estimated/has been proved that…. It’s well known that…. It’s seems/happens/appears/has turned out that…. It is clear/important/likely/possible/natural that….
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④当有两个或两个以上分别表示人或物的先行词时，如： They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. ⑤当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，如： My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be. ⑥非限定性定语从句which,关系代词前有介词时用which, 不用that,如： The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
what 在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语），因此，在任何情况 下都不能省略，它等于the things which, 而that 本身没有词汇意义，在从句 中不充当任何成分，往往可以省略，如： I think (that) you can go with me . What they need is time.
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③介词后的宾语从句用Whether, 不用if 代替whether, 如： Everything depends on whether the situation will improve. ④ 在discuss 等某些动词候用whether，不用if，如： They have discussed whether they should join us. ⑤ 在 whether or not 引导宾语从句时，不能用if 替代 whether，如 I don’t know whether or not he’ll come to the meeting.
主从复合句
复合句是由一个主句和一个(或一个以上的)从句组成， 用来连接从句的连词是从属连词。从句附属于从句的方 式有三种： (1) 相当于另一个句子里的某个名词或名词词组的作用， 作名词性从句 如：Everyone could see the truth (that it was true ). (2) 修饰句子里的某个名词或代词，作定语从句 如：I often see my old school friends (the friends who were at school with me ). (3) 相当于另一个句子里的某个状语的作用作状语从句 如:I met your English teacher a week ago (when I came 2010-10-14 1 to the school).
2010-10-14 3
【注意】 在下列情况下that不能省略： 不能省略： 在下列情况下 不能省略 a. 当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第一个从 句的连词that 不可省略，如：The master told the students (that) it was getting colder and that they should put more on. b. 在简短英语中，that宾语从句单独出现时，that 不可 省略，如： －What did he say? －That he would visit Jiangyin. c. 当连词that 前后或有插入语，that 均不可省略，如： He said that, if he could manage it, he would come. 当名词性从句前有引导词时，不可再加that, 如： I don’t know that who did it. (X) 2010-10-14 4 I don’t know who did it. (√)
此结构在形式上同it引导的形式主语结构，很难区分。只 要将强调结构：“It is/was…that…” 拿掉，句子仍然成立，句意不变，便可确定为强调结构， 否则为主语从句，试比较： It was this morning that they helped me. （去掉强调结 构，句子仍然成立不变） It is important that we should make full use of our time. （去掉强调结构，句子不成立）
1.名词性从句
名词性从句包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位 语从句，主要有连接词that, whether, if, what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how等引导， 如: He wants to know where we should have the meeting. It is not yet decided where we should have the meeting. The question is where we should have the meeting. I have no idea where we should have the meeting. 以上四句为宾语从句，主语从局，表语从句和同位语从 句。
2010-10-14 13
(7) which和as引导定语从 句的用法区别
which和as都可以引导非限制性定语从句，代表前面整个 主句的内容，在定语从句中作宾语或主语，不用的是as 引导的定语从句除放在句末、句中外，还置于句首，需 which不可置于句首，另外，as常用于“such...as”, “the same...as”结构中，如： As we natural, he married her. He, as is clear from his manner, is a teacher. This is such a pen as I lost yesterday. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
(3) Whether 和 if 区别
① 引导宾语从句可互换，但表语从句、主语从句多用 whether，不用if，如： The question is whether it is worth reading. Whether we’ll go depends on the whether. ② 当if 引导的宾语从句可能发生歧义时，宜用whether , 如： Please tell me if you need the dictionary. 此句可有两种理解：请告诉我你是否需要这本词典；或 如果你需要这本词典就请告诉我。如果需要前一种意思， 最好用whether。
2010-10-14
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(4) 名词性从句中 做形式主语 宾语问题 名词性从句中it 做形式主语/宾语问题
① 含有主语从句的复合句，常用形式主语it 结构。 That he will come is sure. →It is sure that he will come. a. 当主语从句由what, whatever, whoever, whichever等 关连词引导时，不能用it 结构，只能把从句置于句首， 如： Whoever comes first will get the ticket. b. 当名词性从句本身是疑问句时，只能用it 结构。 Why is it that none of them has shown up yet？怎么他 们一个都还没有来？
如：我想他不会来了。 I think he will not come. (X) I don’t think he will come. (√) 变反意疑问句时附加部分应采用肯定形式。 I don’t think he will come, will he ?
(2)名词性从句中关联词 名词性从句中关联词what 和 that 的区别 名词性从句中关联词
2010-10-14
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② 某些动词,如:think, find, feel, consider, make等后带复 合宾语时,常用it做形式宾语,将真正的宾语后移,以保持句 子的平衡,如: We all think it a pity that our teacher didn’t come to our Evening Party. ③ 强调结构与it做形式主语的区别 所谓强调结构即用it做形式主语,改变一个句子的结构,用 来强调某一部分,其句式是: It is/was+被强调的部分+that (who (m))+句子成分。 只在强调“人”时，可用who/whom其他均用that，如： It’s I that/who am an English teacher.
2010-10-14 2
名词性从句中需注意的 几个问题如下：
(1)某些特定词，如think, believe, suppose, guess, 某些特定词， 某些特定词 expect等后带宾语从句，若从句是否定句，常将否定部 等后带宾语从句， 等后带宾语从句 若从句是否定句， 分移置主句， 分移置主句，而汉语的翻译则仍在从句中
பைடு நூலகம்
（6）that/which 的用 法区别
在定语从句中，关系代词that和which都可充当从句的主 语和宾语。一般情况下that和which可互换，但在下列情 况下只用that不用which。 ①当先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, much, few, little等不定代词时关系代词用that,如： All that can be done must be done. I told him something that he had not known. ②当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，如： The first thing that we should do is (to) work out a plan. ③当先行词被 the only, the very, any, no等修饰时，如： This is the only chair that I can find.
2010-10-14
10
（5）同位语从句与定 语从句的区别
同位语从句通常由下列名词做先行词，如：fact, news, idea, promise, hope, order, belief, conclusion, evidence, suggestion, problem, report, decision等，这些名词说明 “是什么（内容）”，而定语从句修饰前面的名词/代词 （先行词）说明“是什么样的（性质、特征等）”；另 外，引导定语从句关系代词/关系副词在从句中充当成分， 而引导同位语从句的关联词在从句中不充当任何成分， 试比较： ① I told them the news that our team won the match.(同位语); ② I told them the news which that surprised them very much. (定语从句) 【注意】有时由于谓语较短，可将同位语从句置于谓语 之后，如： The news came that their team had won 2010-10-14 11 the championship.
2010-10-14 7
c. 在一些固定搭配、习惯用法中，常用it 结构，如： It’s a pity/a fact/a question/good news that…. It’s no wonder that…. It is said/reported/announced/estimated/has been proved that…. It’s well known that…. It’s seems/happens/appears/has turned out that…. It is clear/important/likely/possible/natural that….
2010-10-14 12
④当有两个或两个以上分别表示人或物的先行词时，如： They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. ⑤当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，如： My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be. ⑥非限定性定语从句which,关系代词前有介词时用which, 不用that,如： The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
what 在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语），因此，在任何情况 下都不能省略，它等于the things which, 而that 本身没有词汇意义，在从句 中不充当任何成分，往往可以省略，如： I think (that) you can go with me . What they need is time.
2010-10-14 5
③介词后的宾语从句用Whether, 不用if 代替whether, 如： Everything depends on whether the situation will improve. ④ 在discuss 等某些动词候用whether，不用if，如： They have discussed whether they should join us. ⑤ 在 whether or not 引导宾语从句时，不能用if 替代 whether，如 I don’t know whether or not he’ll come to the meeting.
主从复合句
复合句是由一个主句和一个(或一个以上的)从句组成， 用来连接从句的连词是从属连词。从句附属于从句的方 式有三种： (1) 相当于另一个句子里的某个名词或名词词组的作用， 作名词性从句 如：Everyone could see the truth (that it was true ). (2) 修饰句子里的某个名词或代词，作定语从句 如：I often see my old school friends (the friends who were at school with me ). (3) 相当于另一个句子里的某个状语的作用作状语从句 如:I met your English teacher a week ago (when I came 2010-10-14 1 to the school).
2010-10-14 3
【注意】 在下列情况下that不能省略： 不能省略： 在下列情况下 不能省略 a. 当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第一个从 句的连词that 不可省略，如：The master told the students (that) it was getting colder and that they should put more on. b. 在简短英语中，that宾语从句单独出现时，that 不可 省略，如： －What did he say? －That he would visit Jiangyin. c. 当连词that 前后或有插入语，that 均不可省略，如： He said that, if he could manage it, he would come. 当名词性从句前有引导词时，不可再加that, 如： I don’t know that who did it. (X) 2010-10-14 4 I don’t know who did it. (√)