定语从句考点

定语从句考点

第二节考点分类解析

【考点一：关系词的省略问题】

这是一个比较基础的考点，也是所有学生必须掌握的一点。有些题目会在这个地方考查学生的细心程度。如：

He is not the man(that)he was.(先行词在从句中作表语)

The man(whom/who/that)I spoke to is my sister.(先行词在从句中作宾语)

The book(which/that)I borrowed yesterday is very interesting.(先行词在从句中作宾语) This is the very book(that)I have been looking for.(先行词在从句中作介词的宾语)

道理其实很简单，那就是：只有先行词在限定性定语从句中作宾语或表语时，关系词才能被省略。非限定性定语从句的关系词无论如何也不能省略。先行词在从句中作主语或状语时也不能省略关系词。如：

（2006年北京卷）Women_______drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those________don’t.

A.who;不填

B.不填;who

C.who;who

D.不填;不填

解析：本题含有两个定语从句。先行词分别是women和those。它们在从句中很明显都是作主语的（因为，后面动词都没有主语）。所以，关系词均不能省略。答案：C。

这里还有一个例外：that可作关系副词，往往省略，先行词多为way,day,morning,time等。如：

I don’t like the way(that=in which)he talks.

This is the third time(that)he has been late this week.

Then came the day(that)he had to leave.

I stayed at home on the days(that)I am not busy.

不过这个知识点属于比较偏的那一类。高考题和各地的模拟题中鲜有涉及。

【考点二：关系代词that的特权】

不可否认的是，关系代词that在定语从句中仿佛享受某种特权。至少在许多同学们心中是这样的。我们就来盘点以下它的特权：

一、行使特权的条件：

1、限定性定于从句；

2、先行词是物。

二、具体来说，即在满足上面两条的基础上，以下几种情况，关系代词一般选择that，而不选which。

★This is the best book（that）I have ever read.

先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。

★The first book that I bought is about how to learn English.

先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。

★I did all（that）I could do at that time.（还有much,little,something,everything,nothing, anything,none等代词）

先行词是上述代词。

★The only thing（that）he can do is to say sorry to her.（先行词前的修饰词还可以是any,few, little,no,all,none of,the very等）

先行词有上述词修饰。

★Do you know the things and persons（that）they are talking about?

先行词既有人又有物。

★Which is the book that you like?

★Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

主句已有疑问词who/which时。

当然，这是刻板的语法，口语中可能会有所突破。

【考点三：关系代词that的禁区】

有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,而用which。

一、非限定性定于从句；

二、介词提前时。如：

The student was late for class7times a week,which made her teacher mad.

The factory makes two millions batteries a year,most of which are sold abroad.

【考点四：关系代词as的使用】

最近几年，关系代词as的使用越来越受到出题人的青睐。其实，这个考点非常容易,有以下四种情况，关系代词一般用as。

一、当先行词中有so,such等修饰语时；如：

This is so good a book as I can hardly tear myself away from.

Never promise such things as you can’t achieve.

很显然，语法做出这样的规定，主要是为了和so/such…that的结果状语从句相区别。我们的主要任务就是判断从句是否是定语从句。当然，金钥匙还是看从句中是否缺少成分。如：This is so good a movie as we all wish to see.

This is so good a movie that we all wish to see it.

第一个句子中，最后的see没有宾语。因此，它是定语从句，用as。而第二个句子中，有宾语it，因此，它是结果状语从句，选that。

二、当定语从句置于句首时；如：

As is known to all,the earth travels around the sun once every year.

As we had expected,the students who had cheated in the exams were punished.

定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，但这里是个特例，以上两个句子的先行词分别是逗号后面的句子。

这个考点上，考生最头疼的问题是如何分辨as引导的定语从句和it作形式主语的句子的问题。如：

It is known to all that the earth travels around the sun once every year.

其实也不难。从“脸谱”上看就不同，as引导的定语从句中间有逗号并且没有that.。而it作形式主语的句子中间必须有that还一般没有逗号隔开。

三、当先行词中有the same修饰时，有时用that也有时用as来引导定语从句。二者意思稍有不同。如：

This is the same shirt as I wore yesterday.(这件衬衣和我昨天穿的那件一样。意思是说并

不是同一件。)

This is the same shirt that I wore yesterday.(这是我昨天穿的那件衣服。同一件衣服。)

看似怎么说都行。但有些语境就只能用as。如：

The students in New York are using the same textbooks as we are using.

四、定语从句有“像．．．那样”之意时；如：

He won the big prize for a third time,as his coach had predicted.

The man must be from Australia,as we can see from his accent.

这时，as的用法和环境和which极为相似。所以，一般的出题人会避免二者同时出现在同一