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Understanding

Australia & New Zealand

Key to Chapter 14 A

General Survey & Geography of Australia

I. Gap-filling

1. Australia is officially called the Commonwealth of Australia.

2. Advance Australia Fair is the official national anthem of Australia.

3. The three largest cities in Australia are Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane.

4. The Opera House and the Harbor Bridge are the twin landmarks of Sydney.

5. Adelaide is both the festival capital of Australia and its capital of food and wine. 6．Western Australia is the largest and most sparsely populated state in Australia.

7. Darwin, the capital of Northern Territory, was severely bombed during World War II.

8. Australia can be divided into three major topographic regions: the Eastern Highlands, the Central Lowlands and the Western

Plateau.

9. The Great Barrier Reef along the northeast coast of Australia is the world’s largest coral reef ecosystem.

10. Australia is home to the emu, the world’s second largest bird after the ostrich.

II. Term Explanation

11. The coat of arms of Australia

The central focus of the coat of arms is a shield, on which are the badges representing the six States. The six badges are enclosed by an ermine border, symbolizing the federation of the States into the Commonwealth. The shield is hold by a red kangaroo on the left and an emu on the right, two animals native to Australia. They stand on ornamental rests. As neither animal can move backward easily, they symbolize progress and a nation advancing forward. The crest consists of a Commonwealth star, symbolic of national unity, on a gold and blue wreath. In the background of the coat of arms are sprays of

golden wattle, with a scroll at the base bearing the word “Australia”.

12. Australian English

As a variety of English, Australian English has an accent similar to dialects of the South-East of England. Its grammar and spelling are largely the same as those of British English. Australians use many words that they consider unique to Australian English. A frequently quoted example is Outback, meaning a remote, sparsely-populated area. Some words of aboriginal languages have found their way to Australian English, mainly names for plants, animals and places.

13. Uluru

Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, lies in the southern part of the Northern Territory, central Australia. It is one of the largest monoliths in the world and an Aboriginal sacred site.

14. Great Artesian Basin

Beneath the Central Lowlands of Australia is