基础护理学PPT

• Nuቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱrient solution
Intravenous nutrient solutions supply these calories in the form of carbohydrate , nitrogen(氮), and vitamins, all of which are essential to metabolism(新陈代谢). Glucose and amino acids are used generally.
Contents
• • • • • Definition Objective Types of solutions The principles of giving solutions Venipuncture veins
Definition
• It is an efficient and effective method of supplying fluids directly into the extra cellular fluid compartment, specifically the venous system.
• 周围浅静脉
手臂静脉网是成人输液的首选部位；肘正中静脉
贵要静脉可用来采集血标本或进行PICC。
• 头皮静脉
常用于小儿的静脉输液。
• 锁骨下静脉和颈外静脉
常用于进行中心静脉插管。
Median cubital vein 尺静脉 Basilic vein 手臂静脉
选择穿刺部位时应注意的问题
1. 老年人和儿童避开易活动或凸起的静脉
2. 避开皮肤表面有感染、渗出或血栓的部位 3. 避免使用血管透析的端口或瘘管的端口 4. 长期输液，应注意有计划地更换输液部位， 以保护静脉
静脉输液视频
• Colloidal solution (胶体溶液)
It can maintain the plasma colloid osmotic pressure and increase the blood volume to improve the blood pressure. Some of them including the blood volume expanders.
血液制品
• Nutrient solution
Intravenous nutrient solutions supply these calories in the form of carbohydrate , nitrogen(氮), and vitamins, all of which are essential to metabolism(新陈代谢). Glucose and amino acids are used generally.
It has light molecular weight ,the lasting time in the blood vessel is short. It can correct the electrolyte imbalance, such as the glucose and the hypertonic solution
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Definition Objective Types of solutions The principles of giving solutions Venipuncture veins
The principles of giving solutions
输入溶液的种类和量应根据患者体内水、电解质及酸 碱平衡紊乱的程度来确定，通常遵循“先晶后胶”、“先 盐后糖”、“宁酸勿碱”和“宁少勿多”的原则。 输液后，当尿量增加到40ml/h时，则需要补钾。补钾 应遵循“四不宜”原则： 不宜过浓（浓度不超过0.3%） 不宜过快（不超过20mmol/h）
• • • • •
Definition Objective Types of solutions The principles of giving solutions Venipuncture veins
Types of solutions
• Crystalloid solution(晶体溶液)
THE END THANK YOU!
静脉输液 Intravenous Infusion
主讲人：苏小莉 制作人：杨群 秦学 胡泉东 高婷 李美静 汪田田 刘慧娟
Key Words
• • • • • • • • • Intravenous Infusion/Therapy Crystalloid solution Colloidal solution Saline solution Multiple electrolyte solution Isotonic/Hypotonic/Hypertonic solution Median cubital vein Basilic vein Cephalic vein Venipuncture
• • • • •
Definition Objective Types of solutions The principles of giving solutions Venipuncture veins
• Colloidal solution (胶体溶液)
It can maintain the plasma colloid osmotic pressure and increase the blood volume to improve the blood pressure. Some of them including the blood volume expanders.
不宜过多（成人每日不超过5g；小儿0.1～0.3g/kg体 重） 不宜过早（见尿后补钾）
• • • • •
Definition Objective Types of solutions The principles of giving solutions Venipuncture veins
Venipuncture veins（穿刺部位）
静脉输液是指 将大量无菌溶 液或药物直接 输入静脉的治 疗方法。
• • • • •
Definition Objective Types of solutions The principles of giving solutions Venipuncture veins
Objectives
• To supply fluids when patients are unable to take adequate fluids by mouth, such as a mouth operation client. • To provide salts needed to maintain electrolyte balance. • To provide glucose(葡萄糖), the main fuel for metabolism. • To provide some water-soluble vitamins, such as a coma patient. • To treat diseases by giving some medicine.