unit one - 翻译技巧及文章解析

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Unit 1
Converting into Verbs
Original English: Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water. Chinese Version: 住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。 Five verbs are clustered in the Chinese version for an English simple sentence. This indicates obviously that in English-Chinese translation the conversion of English words of various parts of speech into Chinese verbs is a matter of common occurrence.
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Unit 1
Conversion
Original English: This watch never varies more than a second in a month. Chinese Version: 这块表一个月的误差从不超过一秒钟。 The English verb ―vary‖ can hardly be rendered into Chinese by the same part of speech without spoiling the original meaning. As a matter of fact, a word belonging to a certain part of speech in one language sometimes has to be converted into a different part of speech, so as to bring forth a readable and coherent sentence.
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Unit 1
Converting into Verbs
Nouns Converted into Verbs The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声， 我感到心驰 神往。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已被用来探索宇宙。 I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 我认为我的小弟弟比我教得好。
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Unit 1
Converting into Verbs
英语中的一些短语，如 “具备动态概念的名词+ of + 名 词”这种结构，或者“make / have+冠词+名词”，作为 中心主体词的名词在翻译成汉语往往可转译程动词。 由动词加- a (e) nce , - tion , - ment 等词缀构成的名词, 英译汉时常译成动词。 英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher（教师）， thinker（思想家）等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职 业，而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有恰当的对应 名词时，往往可以译成动词。
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ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Unit 1
Section I Method and Section I Method and Technique Technique
II. 词类转换 ‚英语和汉语分属于两个截然不同 的语系，英语属于印欧语系（IndoEuropean language family）日耳 曼语族（Germanic branch）西日耳 曼语支（West Germanic Dialect）， 汉语属于汉藏语系（Sino—Tibetan Family）。由于英汉两种语言在词汇 和语法结构方面有很多不同，因此， 在英译汉时很难将两种语言的词汇或 结构一一对应。
College Business English A Course for Translation
商务英语翻译
Unit One Offer
南阳理工学院外语系
Unit 1
Outline
教学目标：
1. 掌握概念：offer, validity time of offer, withdrawal of offer, revocation of offer, termination of offer, CISG 2. 了解英汉翻译中译者应具备的能力 3. 掌握英汉翻译中词类转换的概念、方式 及技巧 教学重点与难点： 教学重点：英汉翻译中词类转换：英汉互 译中的词类转换 教学难点：英汉互译中词类转换技巧的运 用；商务信函的翻译
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Unit 1
Converting into Verbs
Adverbs Converted into Verbs His poor health force him away from England. 健康不佳迫使他离开英国。 When the switch is off, the circuit is open and electricity doesn’t go through. 当开关断开时，电路就形成开电路， 电流不能通过。 In this case the temperature in the furnace is up. 这种情况下，炉温就升高。
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Unit 1
Converting into Verbs
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的生命。 We were not afraid of the future because of a bomb. We are afraid of bombs because we have no faith in the future. 我们不是因为有了原子弹而害怕将来，而是因为对将来没 有信心而害怕原子弹。 The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious. 她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小 心谨慎。
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Unit 1
Section I Method and Section I Method and Technique Technique
III. Conversion 3.1Conversion in EnglishChinese Translation 3.2Conversions in ChineseEnglish Translation
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Unit 1
Conversion in E-C TR.
Conversion into Verbs Conversion into Nouns Conversion into Adjectives Conversion into Adverbs Conversion of Sentence Elements
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Unit 1
Converting into Verbs
Adjectives Converted into Verbs Many English adjectives after a link verb indicating one’s consciousness, feelings, emotions, desires, etc., are always converted into Chinese verbs. 这些形容词有：1)与思维和知觉有关的形容词： aware，conscious，sure， mindful，alert等；2) 与情感有关的形容词：glad，pleased，cautious， happy exhilarated，excited，confident thankful， grateful，concerned，eager, afraid，doubtful， sorry等；3)与欲望有关的形容词：desirous， hopeful，anxious，keen，enthusiastic， zealous等。
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Unit 1
Section I Method and Technique
I. 译者应具备的能力
翻译过程是一种语言转化过程。从语言学的角 度来看，翻译涉及跨语言、跨文化的内容。 从译者角度看：译者应具备一定的外语水平能 力、母语水平能力、知识水平能力和应用水平 能力。 外语水平能力：对原文的表层及深层意义的理 解力。 母语水平能力：表达能力。（决定译文质量） 知识水平能力：译者必须具备专业知识。 应用水平能力：译者必须具备较强的翻译能 力—理解、选词、表达等综合能力。
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Unit 1
Section I Method and Section I Method and Technique Technique
为使译文既忠实于原文又符合汉语习惯，翻 译时需要将源语中属于某种词性的词语翻译 成目的语中属于另一种词性 的词语，即适 当地把原文中某些词类转换成译文的另一种 词类，这就是‘词类转换’‛。 部分原因：（1）英语主谓机制突出，句子 中往往动词少，名词多，尤其是抽象名词多， 常靠词的形态变化来表达意思。 （2）汉语没有形态变化，重动态描写，汉 语动词多，表达意思时往往借助动词，按时 间及逻辑顺序层层交代。 （3）英译汉时，英语中的许多意思可以借 助汉语的动词来表示。
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Unit 1
Converting into Verbs
One of the most remarkable differences between English and Chinese syntax is the use of the verb. It is taken for granted that an English sentence contains no more than one predicate verb, while in Chinese it is not unusual to have clusters of verbs in a simple sentence.
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Unit 1
Converting into Verbs
Prepositions Converted into Verbs ― Coming!‖ Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch... ―来啦！” 她转身蹦跳着跑了，越过草地， 跑上小径， 跨上台阶， 穿过凉台，进了门廊。 Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部每天长时间工作， 吃的是粗茶淡饭， 住的是 冰冷的窑洞，点的是黯淡的油灯。
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Unit 1
Conversion
Conversion, one of the commonly adopted translation techniques, means the change of parts of speech in translation. Owing to the syntactical differences between English and Chinese, it is usually impossible for a translator to keep to the original part of speech in the process of translation.