现代英语词汇学概论3

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词汇学第三章

山西师范大学现代文理学院英语1203班授课教案课程名称：《现代英语词汇学概论》授课教师：游海清张怡刘敏张斌构词法教案课题： WORD-FORMATION(I)授课教师：游海清教材：现代英语词汇学概论第 3 章第 1-4 节P 31 ～P 71一、教学目标：1、知识目标：a.了解构词法的一些基本知识和观点b.明确合成法的定义c.掌握合成法的分类d.了解派生法及转化法的定义e.熟练掌握派生法及转化法的分类f.明确常见前后缀的词义2、能力目标：a.提升学生记忆单词的能力b.理解构成的新词的意义c.扩大词汇量，提升阅读水平二、教学重点：合成法派生法转化法三、教学难点：转化法四、教学方法：讲授法问答法 PPT演示练习法课堂讨论法对比法五、教具仪器：多媒体粉笔教案教材六、授课提纲：七、教学内容详析第一节General remarks 第一步：T:OK,class,let’s begin.How many processes of word-formation do you know ?Do you know differences between root,stem and base?第二步：A.percentage of new wordspounding or composition(about 27%)B.Derivation or affixation(about 17.5%)C.Conversion（about 10.5%）A.initialisms and acronyms(about 9%)B.Blending(about 6%)C.Clipping(about 2%)D.Words from proper names(about 2%)E.Back formation(about 1%)F.Reduplication(about 0.5%)G.Neo-classical formations(about 4%)H.Others (about 3%)B.Some basic concepts of word-formation1.The differences between “root”, “stem” and “base”?Root/ 词根: is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphologyStem/ 词干: the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.Base/ 词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.举例：1）undesirables= un + desire + able + sBase:desirable→ desire (base)undesirable→ desirable (base)undesirables→ undesirable (base)Base/词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.分析：desirable: desire(root or base, not stem)undesirable: desirable(base, not root, not stem)undesirables: undesirable(stem or base, not root)desired: desire(root, stem or base)第三步：1)denationalizeddenationalized = de + nation + al + ize + dRoot:nationStem:denationalizeBase:national→ nationnationalize→ nationaldenationalize→ nationalizedenationalized→ denationalize2)Uncomfortable=un +comfort+ableRoot: comfortStem:uncomfortableBase:comfortable第二节：Compounding第一步：板书下列单词1.noun compoundsHeadache heartbeat crybabyPickpocket birthcontrol housekeeping2.adjective compoundsThunder-struck weather-beaten suntannedFault-finding peaceloving record-breaking3.verb compoundsHouse-keep ghost-write aircondition mass-produce第二步：A.DefinitionCompounding / composition: a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit.e.g.flowerpot= flower + potmachine-independent= machine + independentThe relative criteria of a compound 1) Orthographic criterion:Compounds are written in three ways, that is, solid,hyphenated and open.E.g. flowerpotSolid: flowerpotHyphenated: flower-pot Open: flower pot2) Phonological criterion:C ompound accent: a main stress on the first element andsecondary stress on the second element.Normal phrase accent: a secondary stress on the firstelement and the main stress on the second element.E.g.black listblackboardblue bottle3) Semantic criterion:Semantically, compounds can be said to have a meaning whichmay be related to but cannot always be inferred from the meaningB.Classification1)noun compoundsA.Subject and verbB.verb and objectC.verb and adverbialD.subject and objectE.restrictive relationF.appositive relation2)adjective compoundsA.subject and verbB.verb and objectC.verb and adverbialD.noun and adjectiveE.coordinating relationship3)verb compoundsA.back-formationB.Conversion第三步：做P66-P67练习第三节 Derivation第一步：T:OK,class,let’s begin.Un-uncomfortable unimportant unclean unable unclear unknown Unlike uncertainIm-impossible impatient impair impracticable impolite imbalance immoral impartial impassive imprisonDis-dislike dismiss disclose disrupt disabuse disadvantage disable discharge display disagreeEr(or)-actor teacher doctor driver writer rider commander worker traveller collector farmer cooker baker stranger foreignerAble-actionable companionable comfortable disable livable reliable accountable reasonable fashionable impressionable Ize-civilize symbolize realize naturalize socialize characterize revolutionize materialize第二步：A.definition:Derivation / affixation: a process of forming new words by the addition of a word element, such as a prefix, suffix or combining form, to an already existing word.e.g.recover= re + coverworker= work + erB.classification(一)Prefixation: adding a prefix or combining form to the base.do not generally alter the word-class of the base.1)classification of prefixes1. negative prefixes （反意前缀）: un-, non-, in-(im-, il-, ir-), dis-, a-2. reversative / privative prefixes（相反动作前缀）: un-, de-, dis-,3. pejorative prefixes （贬义前缀）: mis-, mal-, pseudo-4. prefixes of degree or size（等级与大小前缀）: arch-, super-, out-, sub-, over-, under-, hyper-, altra-, mini-5. prefixes of attitude（态度取向前缀）: co-, counter-, anti-, pro-6. locative prefixes（方位前缀）: super-, sub-, inter-, trans-7. prefixes of time and order（时间顺序前缀）: for-, pre-, post-, ex-, re-8. number prefixes（常用数字前缀）: uni-/mono-, bi-/di-, tri, multi-/poly-9. miscellaneous prefixes: auto-, neo-, pan-, proto-, semi-, vice- 1.2)brief description of some productive prefixes in current English1. ant- / anti-Anti-Japanese War抗日战争ant- / anti-: unlike tradition2.de-A.to undo or reverse .Eg: decentralize decolonize denationalizeB.to removeEg: defog debug delocalize denuclearize3.mini-A.very smll size,duration,or importanceEg: minibus minibike minicab miniparkB.shortEg: minidress miniskirt minicoat minisuit4.un-A.not,the opposite ofEg: unkind unsee unbendingB.reverse the actionEg: unpack untieC.release from or to deprive ofEg: unleash unhorse（二）Suffixation: suffixation is the formation of a new word by adding a suffix or a combining form to the base, and usually changing the word-class of the base.1)classification of suffixes1.noun suffixes：2.Verb suffixes:3.Adjective suffixes:4.Adverb suffixes:2)brief description of some productive suffixes in current English.1.-able2.-er(or)3.-in4.-ish5.-ize6.-y3)differentiating suffixesEg:-ic and -ical第三步：引导学生口头总结第四节conversion第一步：绕口令1.never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you2.Can you can a can as a canner can can a can 你能像罐头工人那样把罐头装进罐头盒子里吗?3.I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish,but if you wish the wish the witch wishes,i won’t Wish the wish you wish to wish 我愿许你所许,若你的愿望太过虚幻不切实际,我就不会许你所许（我就不会和你一起天真的去幻想了第二步：A.introductory remarks1 )Conversion is a word-formation process whereby a word ofa certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.functional shift:concerned with usage only not with word-formation derivation by zero suffix:long and cumbersome; clarify only something minor, not crucial2）conversion as a result of the almost entire loss of inflection in modern English.B.tapes of conversion1.noun→verb conversion(a) to put in/on N.The workers canned apples.put apples in cansThis room was floored with titles.cage birdsThe question certainly cornered me.He pocketed his wallet.(b) to give / provide N.They sheltered the orphans.give shelter to the orphanspills coated with sugarsugared pillsThe bottle is labeled poison.The child rose from the ground plastered over with yellow clay.(c) to remove N.Bill weeded the garden.cut off weeds in the gardencore an applepeel an orangedust a cap(d) to do sth. with N.John braked the car.stopped the car with a brakescrew the two pieces togetherelbow one’s way through the crowd(e) to act as N.She mothered the orphan. (human n.)looked after the orphan like a motherTom parroted what the boss had said. (animal n.)repeat sth. like a parrotThe police shadowed the suspected spy. ( inanimate n.) follow the spy closely like a shadow(f) to make / change sth. into N.(g) to send sth. / go by N.(h)to spend the period of time denoted by N.2.verb→noun conversion(a) He had a desire to be a scientist.desired to be a…state of mind / sensation(b) His usual morning commute to workan act of commuting event /activitydynamic verbsThis kind of nouns usually occur following verbs like give, have, make, or take, and are preceded by the indefinite article.(c) This little restaurant is quite a find.sth. found, esp. sth. valuable or pleasingobject or result of v.(d) He is a great bore.He is a person who bores everyone.agent of v.(e) The cloth is a good cover for the table.I covered the table with a cloth.instrument of v.3.adjective→verb conversion(a) pale, slim, sourto become the adj.(b) free, warm, smoothto cause sb. / sth. to become the adj.4.adjective→noun conversion(a) Partial conversionthe poorthe Scotch / the Japanesethe roughthe latest / his bestthe accused(b) Complete conversionHe is a natural for the job.Tom is one of our regulars.5.Other conversions第三步：布置作业八、预期效果学生能熟练运用合成法、派生法、转化法以及掌握由三大构词法构成的新词的意义。

现代英语词汇学概论(Reduplication)

e.g. goody goody-goody 伪善的人.
②Changing one vowel
e.g. fiddle-faddle 闹着玩，无聊的人或事 shily-shally 优柔寡断 ping-pong
③Changing the initial consonants
teenyweeny 小小的，小额的 willy-nilly 不管怎样 walkie-talkie 便携式电影摄像机
Better
They are very effective and make the sentences more vivid。
hurry-skurry
fiddle-faddle, willy-nilly topsy-turvy.

Thank you for
your time !

Reduplication are characterized by being rhymed（押韵）or alliterated（押头韵）
willy-nilly，wishy-washy dilly-dally，shilly-shally
There are five groups of the common uses of word.
Reduplication(重叠法)

Reduplication is minor type compound word is created by the repetition of the same element with little or no change
①To imitate(模仿) sounds e.g. tick-tick
quack-quack
②To suggest alternating movement e.g. seesaw

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter1

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料Chapter 1 A General Survey Of English VocabularyThe Definition of the term “word” 词的定义The Development of English Vocabulary英语词汇的发展史Classification of English Words词的分类The Definition of the term “word”Word: a fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form; with a unity of sound and meaning (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function.a minimum free formsoundlexical and grammatical meaningsyntactic functionBound form粘着形式：Never used as sentences.Free form 自由形式：Consists entirely of two or more lesser free forms.It’s not a phrase，is a word.The Development of English VocabularyNative: Celtic1st period(449-1100): Old English or Anglo-Saxon Period (OE or AS)Celtic →Anglo-Saxon (the settlement from 450 AD.) / Old Norse / Latin2nd period (1100-1500): Middle English Period (ME)French (the Norman Conquest in 1066)Latin3rd period (1500-present): Modern English PeriodEarly stages of Modern English (1500-1700)Latin (Renaissance)Greek (Renaissance)Contemporary English (1700-present):Three Romance Languages : French, Spanish, ItalianOther European languages: Portuguese, German, Dutch …Non-European languages (exploration, colonization, trade)The rapid growth of present-day English vocabulary and its causes.Marked progress of science and technology.Socio-economic，political and cultural changes.The influence of other cultures and languages.Classification of English WordsThree main criteria:By origin: 1. native words 本族词2. loan words 外来词By level of usage: 1. common words 普通词2. literary words 书面词3. colloquial words 口头词4. slang words 俚语5. technical words 术语By notion: 1. function words 功能词2. content words 实义词By origin:1. native words 本族词2. loan words 外来词Native words: words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of old EnglishFeatures of native words:Most are monosyllabicforming the great majority of the basic word stockLoan / borrowed words: those borrowed from other languagesBasic word stock:auxiliary, modal verbs, numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, the most frequently used words (essential to life)National characterStabilityWord-forming abilityAbility to form collocationsBy level of usage:1. Common words 普通词2. Literary words 书面词3. Colloquial words 口头词4. Slang words 俚语5. Technical words 术语*There are no clear-cut boundaries between the various classes of words.Common words普通词:connected with the ordinary things or activities necessary to everyday lifeThe core of the common words is the basic word stock.Stylistically neutralLiterary words书面词:chiefly used in writing, especially in books written in a more elevated style, in official documents, or in formal speeches.Most are of French, Latin or Greek origin.Among the literary word, two categories are noteworthy:archaic words . obsolete words)poetical wordsSlang俚语:Language, words or phrases of a vigorous, colorful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabularyNot generally used in informal conversation unless the speakers are on intimate termsEmbracing those daring and new expression that have not been accepted as standard EnglishThe chief reason for use of slang: secure freshness and noveltyTechnical words术语:used in various fields: science, profession or trade, art, sportincreasing precision in nomenclatureone specific meaningLatin or Greek in originBy notion:1. function words 功能词2. content words 实义词Function words:determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliariesnot having much lexical meaningserving grammatically:Behaving like grammatical signals or functional markers,Expressing the kinds of connection between content wordsConstructing acceptable English sentencessmall in number and stable:In relatively closed listsBelonging to a relatively small and permanent set of words)high frequency。

Chapter One(A) 英语词汇学课程简介

兼任湖北省学位委员会评议组成员、华中师范大学学位委员会第3、4届委员、教育部人文社科基地华中师大语言与语言教育研究中心兼职研究员。学术兼职包括全国专业英语研究会理事、中南地区外语教学法研究会副理事长、湖北省翻译者协会副会长、武汉欧美同学会常务理事等。被邀担任教育部全国本科教学评估专家和教育部出国留学基金语言学评审专家。同时担任上海外语教育出版社教育部"十五"规划项目英语专业教材编写委员会委员，重庆出版社中西部英语专业系列教材编写委员会委员。主讲英语词汇学、文体学、语义学等理论课程。从事语言学和应用语言学方面的研究，并对话语篇章、语用、语言与文化等有浓厚的兴趣。

近年来，汪榕培教授在中国古典文学英译和中西文化比较等方面取得了突破性的进展，先后完成了《英译老子》、《英译易经》、《英译陶诗》、《英译诗经》、《英译庄子》、《英译邯郸记》《英译汉魏六朝诗三百首》、《英译牡丹亭》、《英译孔雀东南飞· 木兰诗》、等译著，并撰写了一系列相关的论文，出版了专著《比较与翻译》和《陶渊明诗歌英译比较研究》，得到国内外学者的高度重视。他目前正在继续进行典籍英译研究工作，兼任苏州大学、大连理工大学博士生导师。
What we shall learn in ish lexicology is more than to learn to remember new words，but it will make you powerful in learning new words. 有人误认为词汇学就是“学词汇”。
4.所有作业，独立完成，不能抄袭，否则扣分。
Chapter One
The Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary

现代英语词汇学概论第一章汉语版

现代英语词汇学概论第一章汉语版
《现代英语词汇学概论》是英国语言学家约翰·西诺特（John Sinclair）所著，于1966年出版的一本关于英语词汇学的经典著作。

该
书第一章的主要内容涉及了词汇学研究的背景和目标。

第一章的汉语版主要包括以下内容：
1.引言：介绍了词汇学研究的重要性和目的，以及该书的结构和内容。

2.词汇学的起源和发展：回顾了词汇学研究的历史背景和不同阶段的
发展，包括传统历史语言学和现代语言学的贡献。

3.词汇研究的方法和工具：介绍了进行词汇学研究所需的方法和工具，包括词汇统计、语料库、词典和计算机技术的运用等。

4.词汇学的理论框架：探讨了几种主要的词汇学理论，包括认知语义学、联想语义学和构式语法等，并解释了它们在研究词汇结构、意义和使
用方面的作用。

5.词汇学的研究领域：概述了词汇学研究的不同领域，包括词汇结构、词汇意义、词汇使用和词汇变化等，并举例说明了不同领域的研究方法和
发现。

总之，第一章的汉语版主要介绍了词汇学研究的基本概念、方法和理
论框架，为后续章节的词汇学内容打下基础。

词汇学第三章

Derivational
Changes meaning or part of speech of the stem.( like--dislike, sleep—asleep) Indicates semantic relations within the word. (specific lexical meaning， e.g., un-fortunate) Occurs with only some members of a class of morphemes. il- ,ir-,im-, in -ist,-er, -ent Occurs before any
词汇学第三章词汇学英语词汇学词汇学论文英语词汇学教程英语词汇学论文现代英语词汇学概论英语词汇学论文英文版现代英语词汇学现代汉语词汇学
Chapter 3 Morphological structure of English words
Teaching focus:
– Definition of morphemes – Definition of allomorphs – Types of morphemes
What is an allomorph?
• An allomorph is one of the variants of the same morpheme. • 语素/形位变体是同一个语素的不同形式。
When the plural marker {s} is added to cat, dog and lie, and horse (sizes, batches, oranges, garages, fishes), it is pronounced differently as /-s, -z, -iz/ and thus has three phonological forms; the three forms are just the variants of the same morpheme {s}, i.e. the allomorphs of morpheme {s}.

现代英语词汇学概论Question and Exercises答案

现代英语词汇学概论Question and Exercises答案1、Jeanne's necklace was _____ 500 francs at most. [单选题] *A. worthyB. costC. worth(正确答案)D. valuable2、He is a student of _______. [单选题] *A. Class SecondB. the Class TwoC. Class Two(正确答案)D. Second Two3、Jim is a(n) _______. He is very careful and likes to work with numbers. [单选题] *A. secretaryB. tour guideC. accountant(正确答案)D. English teacher4、4．—Alice’s never late for school.—________. [单选题] *A．So am I.B．So was I.C．Neither am I. (正确答案)D．Neither have I.5、We need some green paint badly, but there' s _____ at hand. [单选题] *A. notB. nothingC. little(正确答案)D. none6、Finally he had to break his promise. [单选题] *A. 计划B. 花瓶C. 习惯D. 诺言(正确答案)7、Something must be wrong with the girl’s _______. She can’t hear clearly. [单选题] *A. ears(正确答案)B. noseC. armsD. eyes8、Will you please say it again? I _______ you. [单选题] *A. didn’t hear(正确答案)B. don’t heardC. didn’t heardD. don’t hear9、There _______ some milk in the glass. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. haveD. has10、He can’t meet his friends tonight because he _______ do homework. [单选题] *A. has to(正确答案)B. needC. have toD. don’t have to11、98．There is a post office ______ the fruit shop and the hospital. [单选题] *A．atB．withC．between(正确答案)D．among12、95．-Dad, can we walk? ? ? ? ? ? ?the road now?-No,we? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . We have to wait until the light turns green. [单选题] *A．across, needn’tB．across, mustn’t(正确答案)C．though, can’tD．through, mustn't13、58．—How much is Lucy's skirt?—She________320 yuan for it. I think it's a little dear. [单选题] *A．tookB．paid(正确答案)C．spentD．bought14、—Why is Mary asking Bob about the school trip? —Because she wants to know ______.（）[单选题] *A. how does he think of the tripB. what does he think of the tripC. what he likes the tripD. how he likes the trip(正确答案)15、It was difficult to guess what her_____to the news would be. [单选题] *A.impressionmentC.reaction(正确答案)D.opinion16、There are still some wild tigers alive. [单选题] *A. 聪明的B. 凶恶的C. 野生的(正确答案)D. 珍贵的17、If it _______ tomorrow, I won’t go there. [单选题] *A. rains(正确答案)B. is rainingC. will rainD. would rain18、Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night, but his parents don’t allow him ______ so. （）[单选题] *A. doB. doneC. to do(正确答案)D. doing19、I think ______ time with my friends is fun for me.（）[单选题] *A. spendB. spendC. spending(正确答案)D. spent20、In fact, Beethoven did something brave than dying. [单选题] *A. 勇敢(正确答案)B. 冒险C. 可怕D. 奇妙21、—I can’t always get good grades. What should I do?—The more ______ you are under, the worse grades you may get. So take it easy!（）[单选题] *A. wasteB. interestC. stress(正确答案)D. fairness22、I live a very quiet and peaceful life. [单选题] *A. 宁静的(正确答案)B. 舒适的C. 和平的D. 浪漫的23、—______is my notebook？—Look! It’s in your schoolbag.（）[单选题] *A. WhatB. WhichC. Where(正确答案)D. How24、Almost every one of us could see her anxiety from the（）on her face. [单选题] *A. appearanceB. feelingC. movementD. expression(正确答案)25、Mr. Brown ______ the football match next week.（）[单选题] *A. is seeingB. seesC. sawD. is going to see(正确答案)26、--Do you have a _______?--Yes, I _______ at a clothes store. [单选题] *A. work; workB. work; jobC. job; jobD. job; work(正确答案)27、His mother’s _______ was a great blow to him. [单选题] *A. diedB. deadC. death(正确答案)D. die28、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way29、A survey of the opinions of students（）that they admit several hours of sitting in front of the computer harmful to health. [单选题] *A. show；areB. shows ；is(正确答案)C.show；isD.shows ；are30、You’d ______ give up smoking. [单选题] *A. goodB. wellC. better(正确答案)D. best。

(完整word版)现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter2英语词汇的形态结构

现代英语词汇学概论复习资料1~7现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料Chapter 2 Morphological Structure of English Words英语词汇的形态结构⏹ 2.1 Morphemes词素/语素/ 形位⏹ 2.2 Classification of Morphemes词素分类2.1.1 The Definition of “Morphemes” 词素的概念Morpheme: The smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language，not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.➢smallest: not divisible into smaller forms➢meaningful: carry meaning (lexical and grammatical)e.g. denationalizationdenationalization= de + nation + al + iz + ation➢ A morpheme is a two-facet language unit: sound and meaning➢ A morpheme is not identical with a syllable，either，since the latter has nothing to do with meaning.Allomorphs语素变体、词素变体:➢various shapes or forms of a morpheme➢do not differ in meaning or function➢conditioned by position or adjoining sounds➢Eg. -sbook→books /-s/pig→pigs /-z/horse → horses /-iz/➢Eg. im-，in-，i- perfect, responsible, logical, flexible perfect → imperfectresponsible→ irresponsiblelogical → illogicalflexible → inflexible➢Eg. –tion，-sioninvent →inventiondescribe →descriptionjustify →justificationmodernize→modernizationexpand →expansiondecide →decisionomit →omission2.2 Classification of Morphemes词素分类●Free Morphemes and Bound Morphemes自由词素与粘着词素Free morpheme:➢one that can be uttered alone with meaning➢ A free morpheme is a word.E.g. green, red, write, faithBound morpheme:➢cannot stand by itself as a complete utterance➢appear with at least one other morpheme, free or boundE.g. receive re-ceiveQ：自由词素与粘着词素如何组词？E.g. green, greenhouse, greenness, disagreeable, receive, encyclopedia➢green (free)➢green-house (free + free)➢green-ness (free + bound)➢re-ceive (bound + bound)➢en-cyclo-pedia (bound + bound + bound)* A free morpheme is a word.●Roots and Affixes词根与词缀Root 词根: The basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.➢ 1. Free root (自由词根):A word consist of one free root (or one morpheme)is a simple word.Free roots provide the English language with a basis for the formation of new words.➢ 2. Bound root（粘着词根）:roots derived from foreign sources ,esp. from Greek and Latin, belong to the class of bound morphemes, such as tian and cieveEg.1)work, workable, worker, worked, working (free)2) contain, detain, retaintain= tenere (L) = to hold (bound)3) conceive, deceive, receiveceive= capere (L) = to take (bound)4) revive, vitamin, vital, vivacious, vividvit, viv = life / to live (bound)➢Vital:necessary in order to stay alive-al: pertaining to = have a connection withvital = having a connection with life Vivacious:adj. apprec. full of life and high spirits; lively-ous: full ofvivacous = full of life (energy)Vivid:producing sharp clear pictures in the mind; lifelike-id: having a certain qualityvivid = having a certain quality of lifeAffixes缀: a collective term for the type of formative that can be used when added to another morpheme.➢ 1. Inflectional affixes(屈折词缀): serves to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree.特点：1.not to form a new word with new lexical meaning2. having only particular grammatical meaning3. only to be affixed to words of the same word-class (not to change the word-class)➢ E.g. Plural marker: pens, oxen, feetGenitive case: Jame’sVerbal endings: works, working, worked, bought, saidComparative and superlative degree: slower, slowest➢ 2. Derivational affixes（派生词缀）:to be added to another morpheme to derive a new word 特点：1. to derive a new word2. having a specific lexical meaning (some also affective meaning)3. some to be attached to words of different word classes➢Eg. Having pejorative or derogatory meaning-ism means“doctrine or point of view ”==socialismPro-means“on the side of ”==pro-com-munist⏹Mini-carmean-nessModern-izeSocial-ism Pro-communist De-codeDe-valueWash-able⏹mis-mal-absorptionpseudo-democratic hire-ling weak-ling child-ish派生词缀分类（derivational morphemes）: Prefixes and suffixes1) By linguistic origin:➢Native affixes➢Foreign affixes2) By productivity:➢Productive/living affixes➢Unproductive/dead affixes➢Summary➢ 2.Morphological Structure of English Words英语词汇的形态➢ 2.1 Morphemes词素➢ 1.The Definition of “Morphemes”词素的概念➢ 2. Allomorphs 词素变体➢ 2.2 Classification of Morphemes 词素分类➢ 1. Free Morphemes and Bound Morphemes➢自由词素与粘着词素➢ 2. Roots and Affixes 词根与词缀➢free root and bound root自由词根与粘着词根➢inflectional affixes and derivational affixes屈折词缀与派生词缀➢➢。

现代英语词汇学概论学习心得体会300-500字

现代英语词汇学概论学习心得体会300-500字
通过对《现代英语词汇学概论》一书的深入学习，我对英语词汇有了全面的系统的了解。

通过学习英语语言的发展演变历史，加强了我对英语学习的兴趣。

另外，学习了英语的形态结构和构词法，认识到词根词缀对于单词的组成起着重要的作用，同时也有利于更好的记忆单词，记单词也不再是写记硬背，通过词根词缀以及了解单词的发展演变，更能够深刻的记忆单词。

同时，当你在阅读理解中遇到陌生的单词时，也可以通过词根词缀去旁敲侧击单词的含义，从而有助于理解文章的内容。

还有，通过学习构词法的八种小途径，让我更有效的扩充自己的词汇。

现代英语词汇学，原以为会是很复杂的晦涩难懂的一门学科。

然而，一学期下来，在老师的指引下和自己的看书研读，感觉吸收起来也轻松了许多，通过整理，在大脑中形成了英语词汇学的基本框架。

总而言之，通过对此书的学习，受益颇深！。

《现代英语词汇学概论》----解析汇报(张韵斐)

张韵斐著《现代英语词汇学概论》一一解析第一部分Chapter I英语词汇的概论(A general survey of English vocabulary)Bloomfield 1933 中对词的定义是，每个单词都是最小的自由词。

然而这个定义不够全面，存在着缺陷。

首先，不是所有的单词都可以独立出现，如the , a , my这些单词单独出现则没有具体意义。

另外，Bloomfield 的定义侧重在于语法(syntax )却没有涉及到词的意义。

随着词汇学的发展跟完善，人们给词下了较为完整的定义。

“词，今指语言组织中的基础单位，能独立运用，具有声音、意义和语法功能。

”(《辞海》1984 (上) 375页，上海辞书出版社)一种语言中所有的单词汇集起来便构成了该语言的词库。

纵观英语的发展历史，我们可以知道，大多数的英语词汇都是外来词，它从拉丁语，法语和希腊语等语言中汲取词汇，不断的扩充自己，为己所用。

特别是第二次世界大战之后，英语词汇得到了空前的发展。

现代英语词汇快速发展的原因主要有四方面。

一是科学技术的快速发展，二是社会经济的全球化，三是英语国家的政治和文化变化，最后是其他文化和语言对英语的强烈影响。

英语词汇是由各种不同类型的单词组成，而这些单词有着不同的分类标准。

根据词的起源可以分为本族语和外来语；根据使用水平可以分为普通词汇，文学词汇。

口头词汇，俚语以及科学术语。

基础语库的基本特征是具有民族特征，稳定性，构词的能力和搭配能力。

第二部分Chapter H 到Chapter IV英语词汇的形态结构和词的构词(Morphological structure of Englishwords and word-formati on )(一) 词素(Morphemes )单词是有词素(morphemes )构成的。

词素即英语语言中有意义的最小单位，同时具有声音和意义。

单词可以有一个或一个以上的词素组成。

如：n ati on是一个词素，national 有nation+al 两个词素。

(完整word版)现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter5

5.1 Conventionality and Motivation约定俗成与有理据词
The sound and meaning of words related
Two ways:
1.Conventionality约定俗成
Most English words are conventional, arbitrary symbol.
Chapter 5Word meaning and Semantic Features词义与语义特征
5.1 Conventionality and Motivation约定俗成与有理据词
5.2 Main Types of Word Meaning词义的分类
5.3 Componential Analysis and Semantic Features语义成分分析与语义特征
Eg.△
□English –houseFrench –maisonChinese –fángziRussian –domSpanish –casa
2. Motivation有理据词
Motivation:refers to the connection between word-symbol and its sense.
Arbitrary:adj.decided by or based on chance or personal opinion rather than facts or reason.
Conventional or arbitrary: there is no intrinsic relation between the sound-symbol and its sense.
E.g. anticancer抗癌的
kilogram公斤，千克

现代英语词汇学概论

现代英语词汇学概论随着现代社会的发展，现代英语已成为几乎全球范围内最常用的国际语言，因此，学习现代英语的词汇学知识具有重要的意义。

本文将对现代英语词汇学进行概论性介绍，具体内容包括词汇学的定义、其发展历史及其与语言学关系等。

首先，现代英语词汇学是一门使用系统研究法研究词汇知识的学科，以研究词语本身的构成、性质、发生和演变等为研究的核心，旨在揭示英语语言的实质特性和本身的内部结构特征。

其次，现代英语词汇学的发展史相对较晚，可以追溯到19世纪的拉丁语和希腊语研究，到20世纪中叶的中世纪英语研究、词形学和语义学，乃至截止到当代英语语言学的研究。

最后，现代英语词汇学与语言学密切相关。

通过词汇学研究，可以有效地揭示语言的实质性属性、归纳出英语语法规律以及具有指导意义的语言技巧，从而深入了解语言，提升英语水平。

综上所述，现代英语词汇学是一门涉及英语词汇系统研究及其它语言学知识的研究学科，它的研究可以帮助我们了解英语的实质特性、语言结构和语言技巧，从而能够有效地提升英语水平。

现代英语词汇学的研究方法主要包括分类法、历史方法、概率法、系统语用分析法等。

通过这些研究方法，可以有效地揭示词义的内在联系，不仅可以有效理解和记忆单词，还可以有效掌握英语的技巧。

例如，分类法可以有效地将单词分类组合，以便于记忆和理解；通过历史方法，可以更好地理解英语变化的规律，掌握固定搭配和表达方式；而通过概率法，可以有效地把握单词的使用倾向及相关熟词。

系统语用分析法则可以有效地把握语篇表达的价值观，例如把握上下文和情境，从而掌握英语表达方法。

从上述内容可以看出，现代英语词汇学对于英语学习者有很重要的教育意义，它可以帮助我们了解英语的实质特性、把握语言结构及其它知识，从而更好地提升我们的英语水平。

e.参考文献的格式

参考文献的格式：1.参考文献条目以[1], [2], [3]……的形式编号(英文姓氏按照字母排序, 中文姓氏按照拼音字母排序/日语按作者姓名五十音图顺序排序，先排英文/日文, 再排中文，例如：[1]Bloomfield, L. 1933. Language[M]. New York: Holt,[2]Halliday, M. A. K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M]. London: EdwardArnold,[1] くらし.1997.文化百選.［M］.東京：西日本新聞社.[2] 井上忠司.1999.講座食の文化・第五巻［C］.東京:味の素食の文化センタ2.如果文献条目要转行，需采用悬挂缩进格式，如上例[2]。

3.排列顺序如果是著作，按作者(如果是译著，原作者在前，译者在后)、出版年份、书名、文献类别标号、出版地(要写出版社所在的城市的名称，而非省的名称)、出版社排列；如果是杂志文章，按作者、出版年份、文章标题、文献类别标号、刊名、期号和页码(期号用括号括起来)排列；如果是论文集文章，按作者、文章标题、文献类别标号、编者(外文要有“ed”或“eds”字样并用括号括起来)、书名、文献类别标号、出版地、出版社、出版年份排列；如果是网上下载的文献，按作者、年份、文献标题、网址排列，如果没有作者，以“佚名”替代。

4.文献类别标号文献类别标号由大写字母和方括号组成。

专著为[M]，论文集为[C]，论文集内的文章为[A]，期刊文章为[J]，尚未出版的会议论文为[P]，博士论文为[D]，硕士论文为[MA]，词典为[Z]。

注意：类别标号与其前的文字之间没有任何标点符号，也不需空格。

5.文献条目中作者的写法汉语姓氏按汉语拼音为序，外文姓氏按字母顺序/日语按作者姓氏的假名顺序排序。

同一作者不同时期的文献按出版时间先后顺序排列。

同一作者同一年发表的两种文献在年份后加a和b（若有三种或以上的文献，照此类推），以示区分。

《现代英语词汇学概论》----解析(张韵斐)

张韵斐著《现代英语词汇学概论》——解析第一部分Chapter Ⅰ英语词汇的概论 (A general survey of English vocabulary)Bloomfield 1933中对词的定义是，每个单词都是最小的自由词。

然而这个定义不够全面，存在着缺陷。

首先，不是所有的单词都可以独立出现，如the ，a ， my 这些单词单独出现则没有具体意义。

另外， Bloomfield的定义侧重在于语法（syntax ）却没有涉及到词的意义。

随着词汇学的发展跟完善。

人们给词下了较为完整的定义。

“词，今指语言组织中的基础单位，能独立运用，具有声音、意义和语法功能。

”（《辞海》 1984 （上） 375 页，上海辞书出版社）一种语言中所有的单词汇集起来便构成了该语言的词库。

纵观英语的发展历史，我们可以知道，大多数的英语词汇都是外来词，它从拉丁语，法语和希腊语等语言中汲取词汇，不断的扩充自己，为己所用。

特别是第二次世界大战之后，英语词汇得到了空前的发展。

现代英语词汇快速发展的原因主要有四方面。

一是科学技术的快速发展，二是社会经济的全球化，三是英语国家的政治和文化变化，最后是其他文化和语言对英语的强烈影响。

英语词汇是由各种不同类型的单词组成，而这些单词有着不同的分类标准。

根据词的起源可以分为本族语和外来语；根据使用水平可以分为普通词汇，文学词汇。

口头词汇，俚语以及科学术语。

基础语库的基本特征是具有民族特征，稳定性，构词的能力和搭配能力。

第二部分 Chapter Ⅱ到 Chapter Ⅳ(Morphological structure of English words and英语词汇的形态结构和词的构词word-formation )(一 ) 词素（ Morphemes）单词是有词素（morphemes）构成的。

词素即英语语言中有意义的最小单位，同时具有声音和意义。

单词可以有一个或一个以上的词素组成。

如：nation 是一个词素，national 有 nation+al两个词素。

(完整word版)现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter8

2.The entire cultural background against which a word, or an utterance or a speech event has to be set.
Eg.Pansant, farmer ,farm worker农民
Liberalism自由主义
The regulations weremade(enacted) to protect children.
Wemade(had) a good breakfast before leaving.
My fathermade(earned)10000 yuan a year.
The train wasmaking(travelling at a speed ) 70 miles an hour.
‘‘Get going! Start!’’
get +n. + infinitive =to cause to do
I’ll get him to repair my watch.
3.Verbal context文本语境
Verbal context :In addition to lexical, and grammatical context, the verbal context, in its broadest sense, may cover an entire passage, or even an entire book, and in some cases even the entire social or cultural setting ,as start in the beginning of the chapter.
8.1 Two types of Contexts

现代英语词汇学概论3

Base/ 词基: any form to which affixes of any kind (derivational or inflectional) can be added.
词根、词干和词基
是语言学上一个词删去所有的词缀后剩下的那部分。
词根root是一个词主要意义的承载部分，是不可以再分的；
hydromechanics
hydro- = hydòr (Gk) = water
hydro-airplane hydrography dehydrate hydrogen
television
tele- = tele (Gk) = far off
telecontrol telephone
Combining forms are distinguished from affixes by their ability to occur as one constituent of a word whose only other constituent is an affix.
fire-proof 隔音的
sound-proof 滴水不漏的
water-tight 密封的，不漏气的
air-tight
没膝深的
knee-deep 齐肩高的
shoulder-high 终身的
lifelong 晶莹剔透的
Crystal-clear
苦乐参半的
bittersweet 谈论的话题
The relative criteria of a compound
1. Orthographic criterion: 书写标准
Compounds are written in three ways, that is, solid, hyphenated and open.

现代英语词汇学概论

现代英语词汇学概论
作为英语学习的重要组成部分，词汇学的研究对于英语学习者有着至关重要的意义。

现代英语词汇学概论作为一门涉及英语词汇学研究的重要课程，在英语学习中具有特殊的作用。

现代英语词汇学主要由3个基本概念组成，即词汇意义、词汇结构和词汇使用。

词汇意义是指每一个英语词汇的含义，它可以从五个不同的角度来看待，即反义词辨析、比较辨析、语法辨析、系统性辨析和字义区分。

通过这些角度，学习者可以全面而准确地理解和掌握英语词汇的含义。

词汇结构包括词素和词形，它们可以帮助学习者更好地理解每个单词的组成。

例如，“teach”和“teacher”都有相同的词素“teach”，但其词形不同，一个是动词，另一个是名词。

词汇使用是指英语词汇如何使用，它包括词汇类别、搭配、句法功能、语用功能等。

这些有助于学习者获得与英语词汇使用有关的技能，提高英语语言表述的准确性和流利性。

以上是现代英语词汇学的概述。

学习者们可以通过对这些概念的深入分析，全面地理解和掌握英语词汇的结构、意义和使用，从而提升英语学习的能力。

现代英语词汇学的研究具有多方面的意义。

首先，这可以帮助学习者更好地理解英语语言，提高学习者阅读理解能力。

其次，它可以帮助学习者提高英语口语能力，改善口头表达交流。

最后，它还可以
帮助学习者更好地掌握英语写作技巧，使学习者在英语写作方面独树一帜。

综上所述，现代英语词汇学不仅是英语学习中的重要课程，而且具有深远的意义，可以更有效地帮助学习者提升英语学习能力。

语言学概论第三四章

book - books hope - hopeful work - worked
常见的语法范畴
1. 性 2. 数 3. 格 4. 时 5. 体 6. 态 7. 人称
名词的语法范畴动词的语法范畴
（1）性的语法范畴
性是名词的语法范畴，某些语言中名词按
性分类，有的三分，有的二分。例如：
俄语：阴性、中性、阳性德语：法语：阴性、阳性
词根语素
是词的核心部分，词的词汇意义主要由它体现出来。
词根语素可单独成词，也可组合成词。例如：
词根语素
work词根 workbench工作台 workday工作日 workforce劳动力 workshop车间 workman劳动者
log dialogue neologism prologue slogan
声母的弱化
喇叭[la pa]→[la b]
我的[uo t]→[uo d]
五个[u k]→[u g]
韵母的弱化
妈妈[ma m]
ma] →[ma
桌子[tuo ts] → [tuo ts]
棉花[mian xua]→[mian
xu]
回来[xuei lai]
脱落
脱落往往是弱化进一步发展的结果。五个 [u k]→ [u g]→ [u ]
╭塞 |擦 ╰塞擦
几对概念
（1）清——浊（2）送气——不送气（3）口音——鼻音
常用辅音表
p
pH b
m (m)
(b) (p)
f
v
(f)
t (d) tH (t) d
n (n)
k (g) kH g (k)
N (ng) x (h)
/
t tH d

现代英语词汇学概论3

词汇学 第三章

现代英语词汇学概论(Reduplication)

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter1

Chapter One(A) 英语词汇学课程简介

现代英语词汇学概论第一章汉语版

词汇学第三章

现代英语词汇学概论Question and Exercises答案

(完整word版)现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter2英语词汇的形态结构

现代英语词汇学概论学习心得体会300-500字

《现代英语词汇学概论》----解析汇报(张韵斐)

(完整word版)现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter5

现代英语词汇学概论

e.参考文献的格式

《现代英语词汇学概论》----解析(张韵斐)

(完整word版)现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter8

现代英语词汇学概论3

现代英语词汇学概论

语言学概论第三四章

词汇学第三章