(完整版)2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
西北师范大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题_20190117125658
西北师范大学2017年攻读博士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语考试日期：2017年4月1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
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Part L Listening Comprehension(25％)Section A:Spot DictationDirections:In this section,you are going to hear a passage.The passage will he read only once.As you listen to the passage,fill in the blanks with the words you hear.After the passage,there will be a3-minute pause. During the pause,you must write the words on the Answer Sheet.A recent university research project investigated the attitudes of postgraduate science students(1)____the learning of English vocabulary.The results were urprising.I'll(2)____three of them.firstly,most of the stcrdeaats think that(3)____every word ill English has just one meaning.This is,of course:,completely(4)____to the facts.A glance at any English dictionary will show this.The student will (5)____find seven or eight meanings listed for(6)____simple'words.Why,then,have these students made such a mistake:'One reason irnay be that they're.ill(7)____. students.Scientists try to use words ill their special subject which have one meaning,and one meaning only. Another reason.,of course,could be the way in Which these Student,Were They may have used vocabulary lists when they first learner English.(M one side of the page is the word in Iaaglish-,on the other sloe,a single\ti'ord in the(Q)native language.'l°he second attitude that(10)____from the findings is equally mistaken.(11)____all the students think that every word in English has an exact(12)____equivalent.Again,this is far from the trijth.Sometimes one word in Iinglish can only be translated by a(13)____in the student's native languial c."there are other(l4)____ill translation which we won't mention here.(:ertainly the idea of a one word for one word translation(15)____is completely false.Translation machines,which tried to work on this(16)____failed completely.The third result'of the investigation showed another(17)____in the students'thinking.They believe that as soon as they know the meaning of a word,they're in a(18)____to use it correctly.This is untrue for any language but is perhaps particularly(19)____for English.The student has to learn when to use a word as well as to know what it means.Some words in English mean almost the same but they can only be used in certain situations.What,then,is the best way to increase one's vocabulary?This can be answered in threewords-observation,(20)____and repetition.Section B:Multiple ChoiceDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage.At the end of the passage,you will hear S questions. The passage and the question will be read only once.After each question,there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then write your choice on the Answer Slicet.21.A)It had no efFect on living cells.13)It had effects on living cells.C)It had effects only on children.I))It had effects only on adults.22.A)An increasing number of cancers in children.I3)A link between an electric current and the energy fold.C)A causal link between the power-line or device and the energy field.1))A Small increased chance ofcancer in children living near electric power-line.23.A)446.13)464.C)223.1))234.24.A)Because he doesn't have enough evidence.R)Because other scientists have not studied his results yet.C.)Because he discovered nodirect link between disease and electricity.D)Because the link between cancer and electricity has not yet beenproved.25.A)Health and environment.B)Electric current and the energy field.C)Electricity and cancer.D)Electrical workers and cancer.Section C:Question and AnswerDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage.The passage will be read only once.Then try to answer the following questions according to what you have heard.Remember you should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.26.Why aren't most new doctors interested in beginning work in a small town?27.Why do many small town doctors work long hours?28.What is the growing problem in theUnited States?29.How many new doctors did the National Health Service Corps produce in1979?30.Whom did a hospital in Parkersprary offer a reward o€5,000dollar to?Part11[.Vocabulary(20%),Directions:In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.31.To qualify for such a position,the native would first have to receive specialized training,and thisis____A)refused B)discouragedC)denied D)forbidden32.The little girl wore a very thin coat.A sudden gust of cold wind made her____A)whirl B)shiftC)shiver D)shake33.Presently,there are nine teachers in my team,who have____the task of teaching advanced English tomore than500non-English majors.A)inclined B)hesitatedC)afforded D)undertaken34.The press demands that politicians____the sources of their income.A)betray B)concealC)disclose D)renew35.Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life,he became a m with a strong____A)philosophy B)idealismC)morality D)personality36.One new____to learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context.A)approach B)solutionC)manner D)road37.To maintain public____is not only the policemen's duty but f every citizen's responsibility.A)custom B)confidenceC)security D)simplicity38.All was dark in the district except for a candle____through th curtains in one of houses.A)glimmering B)glitteringC)flaming D)blazing39.One of the stands____and dozens of people were either killer or injured.A)destroyed B)collapsedC)corroded D)ruined40."Me,afraid of him?"he said with a(n)____smile,"Not me!"A)contemptible B)amusingC)contagious D)contemptuous41.He will simply no listen to anybody;he is____to argument.A)impervious B)imperceptibleC)impassable D)blunt42.Stop asking all these personal questions!It is bad manners to beA)inquisitive B)impatientC)acquisitive D)informative43.He____between life and death for a few days but then he pul:A)hovered B)lurchedC)wavered D)fluctuated44.We are prepared to satisfy all your____claimA}legitimate B)legibleC)intimate D)legislative45.There is not a Greek word which is the exact____of the English word'stile'.A)equivalent B)copyC)counterpart D)meaning46.The prizes will be____at the end of the school year.A)distributed B)attributedC)granted D)contributed47.During our stay in Paris we were splendidly____by the Italian Ambassador.A)sustained B)maintainedC)retained D)entertained48.On leaving,we thanked him most warmly for the hospitality____to us and our friends.A)extended B)expandedC)expended D)awarded49.If the dispute is not settled in a(n)____way soon,the two countries will certainly go to war.A)amiable B)amicableC)inimical D)unfriendly50,If I may be so____as to advise you,my opinion is that you should not reply to his letter.A)generous B)humbleC)proud D)bold51.If you take a(n)____course like her you can learn English in less than two years.A)intensive B)extensiveC)expansive D)retentive52.After a year's hard work I think I am____to a long holiday.10,A)entailed B)deservedC)entitled D)satisfied53.Thousands of people____from Greece every year to work in West Germany.A)emigrate B)leaveC)abandon D)immigrate54,lie was a member of the Hillary____that conquered MountEverest.A)mission B)invasionC)experiment D)expedition55.It was my sad duty to____the news of John's death to his family.A)submit B)breakC)say D)proclaim56.He____himself as a war correspondent in Vietnam.A)discerned B)distinguishedC)discriminated D)extinguished57.She____his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.A)inclined B)declinedC)denied D)disinclined58.He was____with attempted robbery and held in custody..A)accused B)prosecutedC)charged D)arrested59.What the witness said in court was not____with the statement he made to the police.A)prevalent B)relevantC)consistent D)coincident60.Molly has always beep a(n)____child;she becomes ill easily.A)delicate B)gloomyC)energetic D)confident61.There are some very beautifully____glass windows in the church.A)designed B)drawnC)marked D)stained62.The man who never tries anything new is a(n)____on the wheels of progress.A)obstacle B)brakeC)break D)block63.There is a sale at Hamfridge's next week with____in all departments.A)decreases B)subtractionsC)reductions D)accounts64.Doctors have long known that if a patient is____that he will recover and is treated with sympathy,his painwill often disappear.A)assumed B)assuredC)informed D)proved65:Although most birds have only a____sense of smell,they have acute vision.A}genuine.B)negativeC)negligible D)condensed66.We are sorry to say that Mary is not the very person who can be____with either money or secret information.A）entrusted B)committedC)consigned D)assigned67.If you never review your lessons,you will only have yourself to____if you fail in your examination.A)complain B)blameC)mistake D)fault68.We were four scores left behind with five minutes to go,so the game looked completely____A)irresistible B)irremissibleC}irreplaceable D)irretrievable69.Had the explosion broken out,the passagers in the plane should have been killed,for it was____timedwith the plane's take-off.A)spontaneously B)instantaneouslyC}simultaneously D)conscientiously70.The two witnesses who saw the shootings were able to____who hard fired first.A)encounter B)highlightC}testify D)identifyPart III.Reading Comprehension(50minutes,30points)Directions:There are6passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.One day in1963,a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer,Carl Sagan,were playing a little game.The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other.He was standing a t the edge of one of the tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept.Elvar had just swum up alongside hiui,and had turned on his back.He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again,as the astronomer had done twice before.But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him.Elvar looked up at Sagan,waiting.Then,after a minute or so,the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the word`More?'The astonished astronomer went-to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.`Oh,yes:That's one of the words he knows,'the director said,showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have,andit has been known for a long time that they can make a number o€sounds.What is more,these sounds seem to have different functions,such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster,and much further in water than it does in air.That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans.But can it be said that dolphins have a `language'in the real sense of the word?Scientists don't agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds,or even words.A language has a structure,or what we call a grammar.The grammar of a language helps to give it meaning.For example,the two questions`Who loves Mary?'and`Who does Mary love?' mean different things.If you stop to think about it,you will see that this difference doesn't come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure.That is why the question`Can dolphins speak?' can't be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in ways which affect their meaning.71.The dolphin leapt into the air becauseA)Sagan had turned his backB)it was part of the game they were playingC)he wanted Sagan to scratch him againD)Sagan wanted him to do this72.When Sagan told the director about what the dolphin had done,the directorA)didn't seem to think it was unusualB)thought Sagan was jokingC)told Sagan about other words the dolphin knewD)asked him if he knew other words73.Dolphins'brains are particularly well-developed toA)help them to travel fast in waterB)arrange sounds in different structuresC)respond to different kinds of soundD)communicate with humans through sound74.The sounds we call words can be called a language only ifA)each sound has a different meaningB)each sound is different from the otherC)there is a system of writingD)they have a structure or grammarMarried people live"happily ever after"in fairy tales,but they do so less and less often in real life.1,like many of my friends,got married,divorced,and remarried.I suppose,to some people,I'm a failure.After all,I broke my first solemn promise to"love and cherish until death us do part."But I feel that I'm finally a success.I learned from the mistakes I made in my first marriage.This time around,the ways my husband and I share our free time,make decisions,and deal with problems are very different.I learned,first of all,not to be a clinging vine(依赖男子的妇女).In my first marriage,I felt the every moment we spent apart was wasted.If Ray wanted to go out to a bar with his friends to watch a football game,I felt rejected and talked him into staying home.I wouldn't accept an offer to go to a movie or join an exercise class it'it meant that Ray would be home alone.I realize now that we were often angry with each other just because we spent too much time together.In contrast,my second husband and I spend some of our tree time apart and try to have interests of our own.I have started playing racquetball at a health club,and Davidsometimes takes off to go to the local auto races with his friends.When we are together,we aren't bored with each other;our separate interests make us more interesting people.I learned not only to be apart sometimes but also to work together when it's time to make decisions.When Ray and I were married,I left all the important decisions to him.He decided how we would spend money, whether we should sell the car or fix it,and where to take a vacation.I know now that I went along with this so that I wouldn't have to take the responsibility when things went wrong.I could always end an argument by saying,"It was your fault!"With my second marriage,I am trying to be a full partner.We ask each other's opinions on major decisions and try to compromise if we disagree.If we make the wrong choice,we're equally guilty.When we rented an apartment,for example,we both had to take the blame for not noticing the drafty windows and the"no pets"clause in our lease.Maybe the most important thing I've learned is to be a grown-up about facing problems.David and i have made a vow to face our troubles like adults.If we're mad at each other or worried and upset,we say how we feel.Rather than hide behind our own misery,we talk about the problem until we discover how to fix it.Everybody argues or has to deal with the occasional crisis,but Ray and I always reacted like children to these stormy times.I would lock myself in the spare bedroom.Ray would stalk out of the house,slam the door,and race off in the car.Then I would cry and worry till he returned.I wish that my first marriage hadn't been the place where I learned how to make a relationship work, but at least I did learn.1feel better now about being an independent person,about making decisions,and about facing problems.My second marriage isn't perfect,but it doesn't have the deep flaws that made the first one fall apart.75.Which of the following has contributed to the writer's divorce?A)Her former husband went out to watch football games.B)She started to play racquetball at a health club.C)They spent too much time together and got bored with each other.D)They spent so little time together that they could not talk to each other.76.It can be learned from the passage that the writer,in her first marriage,A)took less responsibility than she should for major decisionB)tool:the same responsibility as her husbandC)took more blame when things went wrongD)felt equally guilty when things went wrong77.Which of the following that the author should have said when she quarrelled with her former husband but she did not.A)"It was your fault!"B)"Maybe you're right."C)"It's none of your business."D)"It's none of my business."78.All the problems between the writer and David can be resolved becauseA)they hide their feelingsB)they lock themselves in their bedroomC)they have promised not to be mad at each otherD)they dare to face them79,The writer's second marriage is different from the first one in all the following ways exceptA)that they share their free timeB)that they make their decisions togetherC)that they talk to each otherD)that they deal with their troubles together80.The best title for the passage isA)First MarriageB)Second MarriageC)DivorceD)Perfect Marriage（3）Classified Advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising.Such groupings as"Help Wanted","Real Estate,""Lost and Found" are made,the rate charged being less than that for display advertising.Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser.The reader who,is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him.The advertiser may,on this account,use a very small advertisement that would be lost if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper.It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper.He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs.As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely to much extent on display type to get the reader's attention.Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type.With the increase in the number of such advertisements,however,each advertiser within a certain group is vying with others in the same group for the reader's attention.In many cases the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures.In that way the classified advertisement has in reality become a display advertisement.This is particularly true of realestate advertising.81.Classified advertising is different to display advertising becauseA)all advertisements of a certain type are grouped togetherB)it is more distinguishedC)it is more expensiveD)nowadays the classified advertisements are all of the same size82.One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement isA)house for saleB)people who are asking for helpC)people who are lostD)real antiques for sale83.What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisements,according to thewriter?A)They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.B)They are looking for something they need.C)They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.D)They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.84.What does the writer say about the classified advertisements that used to be put in the papers?A)They used to be voluntary.B)They used to use display type.C)They were all the same size.D)They were more formal.85.Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance,according to the writer?A)Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.B)Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.C）Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be smaller now.D)Because there are more advertisements now and more competition amongst advertisers..（4）Mr Abu,the laboratory attendant,came in from the adjoining store and briskly cleaned the blackboard.He was a retired African sergeant from the Army Medical Corps and was feared by the boys.If he caught any of them in any petty thieving,he offered them the choice of a hard smack on the bottom or of being reported to the science masters.Most boys chose the former as they knew the matter would end there with no long interviews,moral arguments and an entry in the conduct book.The science master,a man called Vernier,stepped in and stood on his small platform.Vernier set the experiments for the day and demonstrated them,then retired behind the"Church Times"which he read seriously in between walking quickly along the rows of laboratory benches,advising boys.It was a simple heat experiment to show that a dark surface gave out more heat by radiation than a bright surface.During the class,Vernier was called away to the telephone and Abu was not about,having retired to the lavatory for a smoke.As soon as a posted guard announced that he was out of sight,minor pandemonium('N k)broke out.Some of the boys raided the store.The wealthier ones took rubber tubing to make catapults and to repair bicycles,and helped themselves to chemicals for developing photographic films.The poorer boys, with a more determined aim,took only things of strict commercial interst which could be sold easily in the market.They emptied stuff into bottles in their pockets.Soda for making soap,magnesium sulphate for opening medicine,salt for cooking,liquid paraffin for women's hairdressing,and fine yellow iodoform powder much in demand for sprinkling on sores.Kojo objected mildly to all this."Oh,shut up!"a few boys said.Sorie,a huge boy who always wore a fez indoors,commanded respect and some leadership in the class. He was gently drinking his favourite mixture of diluted alcohol and bicarbonate----which he called"gin and fizz"----from a beaker."Look here,Kojo,you are getting out of hand.What do you think our parents pay taxes and school fees for?For us to enjoy----or to buy a new car every year for Simpson?"The other boys laughed. Simpson was the European headmaster,feared by the small boys,adored by the boys in the middle school,and liked,in a critical fashion,with reservations,by some of the senior boys and African masters.He had a passion for new motor-cars,buying one yearly."Come to think of it,"Sorie continued to Kojo,"you must take something yourself,then we'll know we are safe,""Yes,you must,"the other boys insisted.Kojo gave in and,unwillingly,took a little nitrate for some gunpowder experiments which he was carrying out at home."Someone!"the look-out called.The boys ran back to their seats in a moment.Sorie washed out his mouth,at the sink with some water.Mr Abu,the laboratory attendant,entered and observed the innocent expression on the faces of thewhole class.He looked round fiercely and suspiciously,and then sniffed the air.It was a physicsexperiment,but the place smelled chemical.However,Vemier came in then.After asking if anyonewas in difficulties,and finding that no one could in a moment think up anything,he retired to hischair and settled down to an article on Christian reunion.86,The boys were afraid of Mr Abu becauseA)he had been an Army sergeant and had military ideas of disciplineB)he reported them to the Science masters whenever he caught them petty thievingC)he was cruelD)he believed in strict discipline87.When the boys were caught petty thieving,they usually chose to be beaten by Mr Abu becauseA)he gave them only one hard smack instead of the six from their teachersB)they did not want to get a bad reputation with their teachersC)they were afraid of their science mastersD)his punishment was quicker than their teachers'88.Some boys took chemicals like soda and iodoform powder becauseA)they liked to set up stalls in the marked and sell things,like tradersB)they were too poor to buy things like soap and medicineC)they wanted money and could sell such things quicklyD)they needed things like soap and medicine for sores89.A big difference between Kojo and Sorie was thatA)Kojo took chemicals for some useful experiment but Sorie only wasted his in making an alcoholicdrink.B)Sorie was rich but Kojo was poorC)Kojo had a guilty conscience but Sorie did notD)when Kojo objected.Sorie proved that what they were doing was reasonable90.On entering the laboratory,Mr Abu was immediately suspicious becauseA)the whole class was looking so innocentB)he was a suspicious man by natureC)there was no teacher in the roomD)he could smell chemicals and he knew it was a physics lesson,（5）Alison closed the door of her small flat and put down her briefcase.As usual,she had brought some work home from the travel agency.She wanted to have a quick bite to eat and then,after spending a few hours working,she was looking forward to watching television or listening to some music:.She was just about to start preparing her dinner when there was a knock at the door.`Uli,no!Who on earth could that be?'she muttered to herself.She went to the door and opened it just wide enough to see who it was.A man of about sixty was standing there.It took her a moment before she realized who he was.He lived in the flat below.They had passed each other on the stairs once or twice,and had nodded to each other but never really spoken.`Uh,sorry to bother you,but...uh...there's something I'd like to talk to you about,'he mumbled.He had a long,thin face and two big front teeth that made him look rather like a rabbit.Alison hesitated,but then, opening the door wide,asked him to come in.It was then that she noticed the dog.She hated dogs----particularly big ones.This one was a very old,very fat bulldog.The man had already bone into her small living-room and,without being asked,he sat down on the sofa.The dog followed him in and climbed up on the sofa next to him,breathing heavily.She stared at it.It stared back.The man coughed.`Uh,do you mind if I smoke?'he asked.Before she could ask him not to,he had taken out a cigarette and lit it.`I'll tell you why I've come.I...I hope you won't be offended but,well...,'he began and then stopped. Suddenly his face went red.His whole body began to shake.Then another cough exploded from somewhere deep inside him.Still coughing,he took out a grey,dirty-looking handkerchief and spat into it.Afterwards he put the cigarette back into his mouth and inhaled deeply.As he did so,some ash fell on the carpet.The man looked around the room.He seemed to have forgotten what he wanted to say.Alison glanced at her watch and wondered when he would get to the point.She waited.'Nice place you've got here,'he said at last.91.How do you think Alison felt when she heard the knock at the door?A)Afraid.B)Irritated.C)Pleased.D)Curious.92.Who was the man at the door?A)Someone from work.B)A friend who needed advice.。
西北工业大学2017年博士研究生1001考博英语第一次招生考试试题(全)
Part One Structure and Written ExpressionDirection: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)1.The doctor's ________ is that she' 11 soon be as good as new if she takes insulin and watches her diet.A.agnosticismB.anticipationC.diagnosisD.prognosis2.It is ________ understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of in his heating will remain forever unspoken.A.uncommunicativelyB. acceptablyC. tacitlyD. taciturnly3.________ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone important or famous.A.A complimentB.An adulatoryC.FlatteryD.Praise4.Leaving for work in plenty of time to catch the train will ________ worry about being late.A.rule offB.preventC.avoidD.obviate5.Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so _________ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.A.vociferouslyB. patrioticallyC.verboselyD. loquaciously6.People suffering from __________ prefer to stay shut in their homes and become panic-stricken in large public buildings and open fields.A.acrophobiaB. agoraphobiaC.claustrophobiaD. xenophobia7.All normal human beings are ___________ at least to a degree - they get a feeling of warmth and kinship from engaging in group activities.A.segregatedB.congregationalC. gregariousD.egregious8.He is ____________ drinker, who has been imbibing for so long that he has figuratively speaking, grown old with the vice.A.an inveterateB.an incorrigibleC. a chronicD.an unconscionable9.We listened dumb-struck, full of ____________, to the shocking details of the corruption of the ex- president of the company.A.incredulityB.ingenuityC. ingenuousnessD. incredibility10.Too much ____________ can possibly lead to unhappiness, even to thoughts of suicide as few people have the courage to analyze themselves objectively and minutely.A.retrospectB.introspectionC. perspicacityD.perspicuity11.Hydrocarbons, __________ by engine exhausts, react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form complex toxic gases.A.are given offB.give offC.they are given offD. given off12.He could hardly __________ his temper when he saw the state of his office.A.hold inB.hold upC.hold offD.hold out13.The statesman was evidently __________ the journalist' s questions and glared at him fora few seconds.A.put downB.put outC.put acrossD.put away14.__________, it is widely used in making flares and fireworks.A.as the brilliant white light that burning magnesium producesB.Because of the brilliant white light of burning magnesiumC. The brilliant white light of burning magnesiumD.Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light15.________ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?A.Were you usedB.Are you usedC.Did you useD.Do you used16.I would have gone to the lecture with you __________ I was so busy.A.except thatB.provided thatC.but thatD.only that17.The detective watched and saw the suspect __________ a hotel at the corner of the street.A.getting off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and walked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into18.The child is ____________ all the evidence for his opinion.A.not encourage either to be critical for his opinion.B.encouraged either to be critical nor to examineC.either encouraged to be critical or to examineD.neither encouraged to be critical nor to examine19.To be sure, there would be scarcely no time left over for other things if school children __________ all sides of every matter on which they hold opinions.A.would have been expected to have consideredB.were expected to considerC.will be expected to have been consideredD.were expected to have considered20.Whenever work is being done, energy ___________ from one form into another.A.convertsB.convertedC.is convertedD.is being convertedPart Two Reading ComprehensionI.Direction: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OneThe Aerospace Bicycle That Fell to Earth(1)A radical new bicycle had its first public showing at the National British CyclingChampionships in Shrewsbury last weekend. Based on the gold medal-winning design from the Barcelona Olympics, it is the first commercial mountain bike made of a single piece of carbon fibre.(2)Bicycles for amateurs have up to now been made of steel, aluminum or magnesium tubes welded together into the conventional "A-frame" shape. But last year, the British competitor Chris Boardman set world records while winning titles in the Olympic cycling pursuit events on a custom-built, carbon-fibre bicycle with lower weight and wind resistance than standard models. Because carbon fibre is both light and extremely strong, it does not need the A-frame shape, saving further weight. Carbon fibre can also be moulded in a single piece, avoiding the weakness of welds.(3)The new bike, which will cost between $ 2000 and $ 3000 when it reaches the shops next month, has the same advantages as the Olympic model, It weighs about 11 kilograms, a saving of 1.5 kilograms on metal frames. With no crossbar, it has a lower center of gravity, making it easier to use in race conditions. "When you're doing some aggressive riding, you throw the bike about form side to side," explains Eddie Eccleston, director of British Eagle, a British bicycle manufacturer based in Powys, Wales, which is marketing the bikes. "The low centre of gravity gives you better control."(4)The frames are being made in the US for British Eagle by $P systems in Camarillo, California, which has clients in the aerospace industry, "This is aerospace technology brought into cycling by enthusiasts," says Eccleston. When professionals tested racing versions of the bike before the Tour de France, they were quicker than metal versions by up to 3 seconds per kilometer.(5)The new design has no struts between the saddle and the back wheel; instead, the frame' s flexibility can be "tuned" to individual tastes by changing the mixture of Kevlar fibre and carbon fibre in the back wheel strut, allowing up to 5 centimeters of movement.(6)The carbon-fibre design has a lower centre of gravity and smoother back-wheel suspension than conventional bikes.21.The new bicycle exhibited at the National British Cycling Championships was radical because ________.A.it was made from the gold medal-winning design of the Barcelona OlympicsB.it was the first commercial mountain bikeC.its public showing last weekend aroused many people's curiosityD.it was made of one single piece of carbon fibre22.According to the context, "bicycles for amateurs" at the beginning of the second paragraph refers to bicycles __________.A.that people buy only for riding in their daily lifeB.that are bought by amateur cyclists who like cycling as an exerciseC.that are built for customers in generalD. that non-Olympic competitors use23.Which of the following statements in Not true?A.The new commercial bike has no crossbar and its centre of gravity is lower than theOlympic model.B.When the rider is doing some rough riding, the new bike' s low centre of gravity gives himbetter control.C.The new bike is made by using aerospace technology and is quicker than the conventionalbike by 3 seconds per kilometer.D.The new bike has no metal bar between the saddle and the back wheel, and the amount ofcarben fibre in the back wheel can be changed according to the user's taste.Passage TwoFree Advice Is Just Around the Corner(1)When Daniel Franklin, a political science professor from Atlanta, needed career advancement advice, be didn't turn to colleagues, therapists or even his mom.(2)He went to the Advice Ladies.(3)Three thirty something New York women, advertising freelancers by day, have turned themselves into Saturday afternoon street-comer oracles, they pull up lawn chairs and a table on a lower Manhattan street comer and dish out free advice to passersby. They've claimed the comer of West Broadway and Broome Street in Soho as their own for the last several months.(4)Amy Alkon, who, with longtime friends Marlowe Minnick and Carolyn Johnson, becomes a part-time shrink each weekend. "We use creative problem-solving to turn problem into fun," she says.(5)On a recent steamy afternoon, a line has formed in front of the Advice Ladles' table. Obviously, New Yorkers need plenty of help. "People feel they have no control in this crazy world. And therapy can take years," Minnick says. "We solve problems instantly, it's instant answer gratification."(6)The three brainstorm before delivering advice on everything from pet discipline, closet-space management, even hair care. But no legal advice "By far, most of our questions are love-related. It's amazing the intimate sexual problems that people will divulge to a total stranger," Alkon says.(7)But they won't be strangers much longer. The Advice Ladies are putting together a book deal. And Robert De Nitro is creating a talk show around them, due nationally this fall from his Tribeca Pictures.(8)"De Nitro asked us for advice, but we think he's already perfect," purrs Alkon.(9)And their career advice to Franklin? "He' s written a book, so we told him to get a manager and go on the touring circuit. It's great money and great publicity for the book."(10)"Good advice," says Franklin.24.There were _________.A.about 30 blew York women who offered free advice by dayB.three women freelancers about 30 years old who offered advertising advice on SaturdayC.about 30 women advertising freelancers offered advice every Saturday afternoon in NewYorkD.three women about 30 years old, who did advertising as a job, offered free advice everySaturday afternoon25.These advisors _________.A.changed the New York street comers into oraclesed the New York street comers as their advice officeC.sat at a street comer to give people free adviceD.made a street comer their place to predict the future to passersby26.New Yorkers came to the Advice Ladies becauseA.the ladies' advice was quick and effective to solve problemsB.New Yorkers felt it was difficult to live m tins crazy worldC.Medical therapy could not solve people's problemsD.New York was a crazy place and its inhabitants need plenty of help27.In the seventh paragraph we read that the Advice Ladies won't be strangers for long because _________.A.they are dealing with a book together and a TV man is writing a talk show about themB.they are going to sell a book about themselves and also appear on a TV showC.they will buy a book through a deal and appear in a film in the coming fall seasonD.they will get to know each other better by working on a book and appearing in a TV showtogetherPassage ThreeThe American Presidential Gala of 1993(1)Mixing populism and celebrity, Clinton dances into office with a week-long multimillion-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs.(2)The Party was held in a way never seen since World War II. Many movie and music stars showed up, offering their wishes to a new administration. They sang songs like "You know Bill's gonna get this Country straight.”“’93! You and me! U-hi-tee! /Time to pasrtee with Big Bill and Hillaree."(3)The stars came out in constellation because they recognized in Clinton one of their own. Not just that he plays the saxophone, a little. Or that Hillary is a smart, tough lawyer, like most Hollywood moguls. What matters is that Clinton is a beacon of middle-class charm, a love of being loved, a believer in the importance of image, metaphor, style. And he is an ace manipulator of media, selling his symbols directly to the people on TV, without the interference of nosy journalists. It all makes for a wondrous' 90s blend of show biz and politics.(4)"This is our time," Clinton said in his Inaugural Address." Let us embrace it." Last week he had an embrace for everyone, and not just the stars. This huggy-bear President needs to feel the public's approval.(5)At one of the balls of the week, Clinton was like the college student who drops in the night before the exam to show he' s one of the guys, then sneaks back to his dorm to cram. Perhaps there is as much Nixon in him (the ambition, the intellect) as Kennedy (the charm, the recklessness, his position as centrist custodian of liberal dreams). He will need to be the best of both men if he is to close, as he said last week, "the gap between our words and our deeds."(6)During the gala, actor Edward James Olmos quoted Lincoln: "We must disenthrall ourselves, and then we shall save our country." Clinton, a good student with a good memory, mouthed the words as Olmos spoke them. Clinton must have realized that, in a different sense anddifferent era, America faces the task of disenthralling itself, of shaking off the Hollywood stardust and facing facts.(7)In 1992 Clinton vended optimism; now he must be careful in saying so. He sold the nation a miracle product, ALL-NEW HOPE: it gives you cleaner, cheaper government with a fresh minty flavor. But if it doesn' t get the stains out, the electorate' s high hopes could sour into despair. Then the man called Hope will become the man called Hype. All the big stars and better angels will leave him out in the spotlight, stranded, unmasked.28.The meaning of "Clinton dances into his office with a week-long multimillion-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs" in the first paragraph is: ______.A.Clinton held a party and danced with film stars and musicians, and hugged his guestsB.Clinton went into his office followed by, rich film stars and musicians wanted to behugged by the presidentC.Clinton started his term of president' s work with a week-long gala of celebrities andmusic to celebrate the eventD.Clinton spent a great deal of money to give a party of dance and music to please the filmstars and important people29.By saying "Bill's gonna get this Country straight", the party attendants believe that ______.A.Money bills are important in getting things done for the United StatesB.The president has got to do a wonderful job to save AmericaC.Clinton will change the United States to a free countryD.Clinton is going to solve the problems of the United States30.Which of the following statements is True？A.At one of the balls, Clinton appeared shortly and then left in a quiet way to do his work.B.Clinton was certainly a combination of both Nixon and Kennedy.C.Clinton said at the Party that he was going to close his mouth and work harder.D.When Olmos quoted Lincoln, Clinton repeated the words as Olmos spoke them.Ⅱ. Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. (15 % )Medical consumerism--like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly---is designed to be unsatisfying. (31) The prolongation of life and the search for perfect health (beauty, youth, happiness) are inherently self-defeating. The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and nineties. But, as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy.(32)Extending life grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything, and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over-stretched and politics turn mean.What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future turned into one of bestowing meager increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources--not least medical ones, like illegal steroids--are now invested to shave records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying; the logical extension of longevism—the "abolition" of death--would not be a solution but only an exacerbation. (33) To air these predicaments is not anti-medical spleen--a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories--but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly without responsibility but withdissolving goals.(34)Hence medicine's finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas. For centuries, medicine was impotent and hence unproblematic. From the Greeks to the Great War, its job was simple: to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. It performed these uncontroversial tasks by and large with meager success. Today, with mission accomplished, medicine's triumphs are dissolving in disorientation. (35) Medicine has led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed. Yet as these expectations grow unlimited, they become unfulfillable. The task facing medicine in the twenty-first century will be to redefine its limits even as it extends its capacities.Part Three Cloze TestDirection: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%) For _________ (36) the bloodshed and tragedy of D-Day, the beaches of Normandy will always evoke a certain _________ (37): a yearning for a time when nations in the civilized world buried their differences and combined to oppose absolute evil, when values seemed clearer and the terrible consequences of war stopped __________ (38) of the annihilation of humanity. But over half a century after the Allies hit those wave-battered sand flats and towering cliffs, the Normandy invasion stands as a feat _______ (39) to be repeated.There will never be _________ (40) D-Day. Technology has changed the conditions of warfare in ways that none of the D-Day participants could have _________ (41). All-out war in the beginnings of this century would surely spell all-out __________ (42) for the belligerents, and possibly for the entire human race. No credible scenario for a future world war would allow time for the massive buildup of conventional forces that occurred in the 1940s. The moral equivalent of the Normandy invasion in the nuclear age would involve a presidential decision to put tens of millions of American lives at _________ (43). And the possible benefits for the allies would be uncertain at best. European defense experts often ask whether the U.S. would be willing to "trade Pittsburgh for Dusseldorf". In practice, the question may well be whether it is worth ___________ (44)American cities to avenge a Europe already _________ (45) to rubble.Part Four ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash ( \ ) and write the correct word. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words ( in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash ( \ ). Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Examples:e.g. 1 (46) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (46)-begun- begane.g. 2 (47) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain wentup.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (47) (Scarcely) had (they)e.g.3 (48) Never will I not do it again.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (48) nut(46)A state university president was arrested today and charged with impersonate a police officer became, the authorities say, he pulled over a speeding driver here last month. (47)Using flashing headlights, Richard L. Judd, 64, the president of Central Connecticut State University made the driver. Peter Baba, 24, of Plainville, pull on Jan. 23, the state police said. (48) He then flashed a gold badge and barked at him for speed, they said.(49)Mr. Judd is New Britain's police commissioner from 1981 to 1989 and from 1993 to 1995.(50) But Detective Harold Gannon of the New Britain police said today that the job involved more policy as police work, and did not include the authority to charge or chide criminals. (51 ) The gold badge was mere a university award. (52) The governor said he would not ask for a resignation because Mr. Judd had made a "misjudgment" and had written a letter of apologizing.(53)Later, Mr. Judd's lawyer, Paul J. McOuillan, issued a long apology from his superior, whom he described as "the best thing to happen to New Britain."(54) "My experience and instinct as an E. M. T. and former police commissioner prompted me to involve myself with this matter," Mr. Judd said in the statement. (55)"In hindsight, I see it was mine to manage."Part Five WritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below:(15%)Topic: Write in 250 ～300 words about China's auto industry.。
2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题
2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题1. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to funds from armaments to health and education.A. deriveB. depriveC. dispatchD. divert2. To fund the event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD).A. beneficentB. expensiveC. costlyD. luxurious3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone.A. outdoneB. outweighedC. outrunD. outrivaled4. With the economy of the country going strong, the mood is optimism.A. presidingB. circulatingC. floatingD. prevailing5. The hunter knows quite well that wild animals go seeking their in the jungle after dark.A. victimB. favoriteC. preyD. sacrifice6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to its 90,000-person workforce into independent micro teams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions.A. break out 、B. break offC. break fromD. break down7. They agreed to take their disputes before the committee and by its decisions.A. standB. observeC. abideD. precede8. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very .A. obscureB. indefiniteC. dubiousD. intriguing9. Please don’t too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.A. hesitateB. fingerC. retainD. dwell10. near-perfect English language skills, the students were keen to explore every aspect of Australian culture, from Aussie eating customs to family and student life, popular culture, the natural landscape and the ever-popular Australian native animals.A. PossessingB. AcquiringC. ApprehendingD. Interpreting11. The closing candidate , immediately after the polls had closed.A. confessedB. concededC. concurredD. admitted12. We have to the routine expenditure, otherwise it will be impossible for us to afford a car.A. declineB. condenseC. curtailD. dwindle13. The board of directors have already discussed the subject in the previous meetings and they will handle it in all its aspects.A. in placeB. at lengthC. on endD. off and on14. After the disaster of flood，people all over the village made effort to rebuild their home.A. superfluousB. tenuousC. strenuousD. fatuous15.Written at least 100 years ago, the handwriting faded and certainly became .A. infiniteB. illegibleC. infectiousD. immune16.It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly observer of events.A. inadequateB. impassiveC. geniusD. impartial17.She was by the lack of appreciation shown of her hard work.A. frustratedB. dispersedC. functionedD. displaced18.The shuttle exploded in the air suddenly and broke into at once.A. diversityB. fragmentsC. doctrineD. drought19.As the society has rigid social , everyone knows his role in the society.A. hemisphereB. contemptC. controversyD. hierarchy20.He was by the noise outside yesterday evening and could not concentrate on his study.A. peckedB. orientedC. perturbedD. paddled21.He is often inclined to in other peoples affairs，which is none of his business.A. manipulateB. lumberC. meddleD. litter22.He was to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.A. deducedB. dampedC. diminishedD. destined23.He knew that he would be punished severely because of his serious error. Therefore he away the day before yesterday.A. cautionedB. fledC. chatteredD. civilized24.The evil maimers would be root and branch due to the forceful action taken by the local government.A. exterminatedB. exemplifiedC. facilitatedD. emitted25.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment26.He added a to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary27.It was clear that the storm his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated28.This problem should be discussed first, for it takes over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability29.He cut the string and held up the two to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes30.That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only necessity.A. within reach ofB. for fear ofC. by means ofD. in case of31.Banks shall be unable to , or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.A. write offB. put asideC. shrink fromD. come over32.any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving your presentation and qualifications.A. Take the most ofB. Keep the most ofC. Have the most ofD. Make the most of33. There is a loss of self-confidence, a sense of personal failure, great anger and a feeling of being utterly •A. let aloneB. let outC. let downD. let on34. The recovery and of the country，s economy has also been accompanied by increasing demands for high quality industrial sites inattractive locations.A. renewalB. revivalC. recessionD. relief35. In fact the purchasing power of a single person’s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the Singapore pension.A. equivalentB. similarC. consistentD. identical36. It seems a reasonable rule of thumb that any genuine offer of help and support from people or organizations will be accompanied by a name and address, and a willingness to be as to their motive in making contact.A. seen throughB. checked outC. touched onD. accounted to37. I shall the loss of my reading-glasses in newspaper with a reward for the finder.A. advertiseB. informC. announceD. publish38. The poor nutrition in the early stages of infancy can adult growth.A. degenerateB. deteriorateC. boostD. retard39. She had a terrible accident, but she wasn’t killed.A. at all eventsB. in the long runC. at largeD. in vain40. His weak chest him to winter illness.A.predictsB. preoccupiesC. prevailsD. predisposesA trade group for liquor retailers put out a press release with an alarming headline: “Millions of Kids Buy Internet Alcohol, Landmark Survey Reveals.”The announcement, from the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America received wide media attention. On NBC's Today Show, Lea Thompson said, “According to a new online survey, one in 10 teenagers have an underage friend who has ordered beer, wine or liquor over the internet. More than a third think they can easily do it and nearly half think they won't get caught.”Several newspapers mentioned the study, including USA Today and the Record of New Jersey. The news even made Australia's Gold Coast Bulletin.Are millions of kids really buying booze online？ To arrive at that jarring headline, the group used some questionable logic to pump up results from a survey that was already tilted in favor of finding a large number of online buyer.For starters, consider the source. The trade group that commissioned the survey has long fought efforts to expand online sales of alcohol; its members are local distributors who compete with online liquor sellers. Some of the news coverage pointed out that conflict of interest, though reports didn't delve more deeply into how the numbers were computed.The Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America hired Teenage Research Unlimited, a research company, to design the study. Teenage Research, in turn, hired San Diego polling firm Luth Research to put the questions to 1,001 people between the ages of 14 and 20in an online survey. Luth gets people to participate in its surveys in part by advertising them online and offering small cash awards—typically less than $ 5 for short surveys.People who agree to participate in online surveys are, by definition, internet users,something that not all teens are. （Also, people who actually take the time to complete such surveys may be more likely to be active, or heavy internet users. ）It's safe to say that kids who use the internet regularly are more likely to shop online than those who don't. Teenage Research Unlimited told me it weighted the survey results to adjust for age, sex, ethnicity and geography of respondents, but had no way to adjust for degree of internet usage.Regardless, the survey found that, after weighting, just 2.1 points of the 1,001 respondents bought alcohol online—compared, with 56 points who had consumed alcohol. Making the questionable assumption that their sample was representative of all Americans aged 14 to 20 with access to the internet—and not just those with the time and inclination to participate in online surveys—the researchers concluded that 551,000 were buying alcohol online.But that falls far short of the reported “millions of kids”. To justify that headline, the wholesalers' group focused on another part of the survey that asked respondents if they knew a teen who had purchased alcohol online. Some 12 points said they did. Of course, it's ridiculous to extrapolate from a state like that—one buyer could be known by many people, and it's impossible to measure overlap. Consider a high school of 1,000 students, with 20 who have bought booze on line and 100 who know about the purchases. If 100 of the school's students are surveyed at random, you'd expect to find two who have bought and 10 who know someone who has—but that still represents only two buyers, not 10．（Not to mention the fact that thinking you know someone who has ordered beer online is quite different from ordering a six pack yourself. ）Karen Gravois Elliott, a spokeswoman for the wholesalers' group, told me, “The numbers are real,” but referred questions about methodology to Teenage Research. When I asked her about the potential problems of conducting the survey online, she said the medium was a strength of the survey: “We specifically wanted to look at the teenage online population.”Nahme Chokeir, a vice president of client service for San Diego-based Luth Research Inc., told me that some of his online panel comes from word of mouth, which wouldn't necessarily skew toward heavy internet users. He added that some clients design surveys to screen respondents by online usage, though Teenage Research didn't.I asked Michael Wood, a vice president at Teenage Research who worked on the survey，whether one could say, as the liquor trade group did, that millions of teenagers had bought alcohol online. “You can't,” he replied, adding, “This is their press release.”41．Which of the following is the message that this passage is trying to convey？A．The severe social consequences of kids buying alcohol online.B．The hidden drawback of the American educational system.C．The influence of wide coverage of news media.D．The problems in statistic methodology in social survey.42．According to the author, what is wrong with the report about kids buying alcohol？A．It is unethical to offer cash awards to subjects of survey.B．The numbers in this report were falsified.C． The samples and statistic methods were not used logically.D．The study designers and survey conductors were bribed.43．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “extrapolate”in paragraph 8？A．Conduct. B． Infer. C．Deduct. D．Whittle.44．By saying “To justify that headline, the wholesalers' group focused on another part of the survey that asked respondents if they knew a teen who had purchased alcohol online”, the author implies that ______.A．it is absurd to conduct a survey among teenagersB．the ways the wholesalers' group conducted surveys are statistically questionableC．this kinds of survey is preliminary, therefore undependableD．teenagers might not be honest since buying alcohol online is an indecent behavior45．Which of the following is more likely to be the source for problems in this survey？A．This survey is tilted in favor of local alcohol distributors, who have a conflict of interest with online sellers.B．The data collection and analysis are not scientific and logical.C．Subjects are not sampled in a right way and can not represent the whole Americanteenage population.D．The survey results are affected by gifts to subjects, which can be misleading.。
2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案
2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneMr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire.On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average.Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrongwith the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth.Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase. But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.Uber and Airbnb are bringing dramatic improvements to two large industries that have been more or less stuck for decades. Morgan Stanley estimates that driverless cars could result in $507 billion a year of productivity gains in America, mainly from people being able to stare at their laptops instead of at the road.1.What has led to the pessimistic opinion concerning the world’s economy?A.It is based on macro-level statistics on productivity.B.It is based on close observation on corporate and investor behavior.C.It is due to the fact that many old firms are not run by bureaucrats.D.It is due to the fact that not enough new firms have been created.2.The first argument on the optimists’side is unconvincing because theofficial figures.A.are both wrong and unconvincingB.downplay the internet revolutionC.fail to include the consumer surplusD.can’t explain the decline in productivity growth3.What is true about the IT companies in Silicon Valley??A.They have only focused on the fun part of life.B.They have made a difference in the real world.C.They have more persuasive productivity.D.They have only just begun to develop.4.How can driverless cars benefit American industries?A.Driverless cars have revived two large American industries.B.The sale of driverless cars can reach hundreds of billion dollars.C.Thanks to them people free from driving can do more creative work.D.Driverless cars have stimulated the development of Uber and Airbnb.Passage TwoWinston Churchill was one of the central statesmen of the 20th century and, almost 50 years after his death, remains a subject of enduring fascination. Part of the current interest in this venerable figure can be attributed to two superb biographies written in the 1980s by historian William Manchester: “The Last Lion: Visions of Glory” and “The Last Lion: Alone.” These two books examined the first two-thirds of Churchill’s life.Unfortunately, after completing the second volume, Manchester’s health declined and the rest of the project stalled. So great was public interest in the long-delayed final volume that it was the subject of a front page story in The New York Times.Eventually, in 2003, Manchester asked his friend Paul Reid to complete the trilogy. Now, nearly a decade later, Reid has published The Last Lion, the final piece of this monumental undertaking. Reid starts when Churchill was appointed prime minister in May 1940 andfollows him through his death in 1965. While most of this volume is appropriately devoted to World War II, it also includes the vast expansion of the British welfare state following the war, the start of the Cold War and the enormous dangers it carried, and the loss of the British Empire.Reid has written a thorough and complete analysis of these years, and it is a worthy finale to the first two volumes. Exhaustively researched and carefully written, it draws on a full range of primary and secondary materials. This book will be essential reading for those who enjoyed the first two volumes and those with a deep interest in understanding this seminal figure and his place in history.Reid does a wonderful job of capturing Churchill in all his complexity. He gives Churchill great praise for his personal courage and inspirational leadership during the dark days when Britain stood alone, but he is equally clear about Churchill’s poor strategic judgments, such as the efforts to defend Greece and Crete, the Allied assault on Anzio, and the decision to send the battleship Prince of Wales and battle cruiser Repulse to the South China Sea without adequate air cover where they were promptly sunk by the Japanese.He highlights Churchill’s naiveté in dealing with Soviet Premier Stalin in the early years of the war, but praises his prescience in anticipating Stalin’s land grab in Eastern Europe at the end of the conflict. Reid also gives welcome attention to aspects of the war ― such as Churchill’s fear that the United States might decide to put its primary emphasis on defeating Japan regardless of the “Germany first”understanding he shared with Roosevelt that have received little attention in other books.5.What can be known about the two biographies of Churchill?A.They were written in an interesting style.B.They were written prior to Churchill’s death.C.They are mainly written from a historical point of view.D.They have helped intrigue the readers over a long period.6.Why did the biography once become a front page story in The New York Times?A.People were looking forward to the publication of the final volume.B.Readers were angry with the author for the delay of the final volume.C.The publication of the final volume was then a heatedly discussed issue.D.Readers wanted to know who would be the new author of the final volume.7.Why does the third volume prove to be worthy?A.It is widely read and welcomed by readers.B.It involves enough details in Churchill’s life.C.It is based on thorough and reliable research.D.It offers a unique understanding of Churchill.8.What can we know about Churchill through the third volume?A.He is a man with complexity.B.He pulled Britain through WWII.C.He made many strategic mistakes.D.He is courageous and inspirational.Passage ThreeAsteroids and comets that repeatedly smashed into the early Earth covered the planet’s surface with molten rock during its earliest days, but still may have left oases of water that could have supported the evolution of life, scientists say. The new study reveals that during the planet’s infancy, the surface of the Earth was a hellish environment, but perhaps not as hellish as often thought, scientists added.Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. The first 500 million years of its life are known as the Hadean Eon. Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history, little is known about it, since few rocks are known that are older than 3.8 billion years old.For much of the Hadean, Earth and its sister worlds in the inner solar system were pummeled with an extraordinary number of cosmic impacts. “It was thought that because of these asteroids and comets flying around colliding with Earth, conditions on early Earth may have been hellish,”said lead study author Simone Marchi, a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. This imagined hellishness gave the eon its name — Hadean comes from Hades, the lord of the underworld in Greek mythology.However, in the past dozen years or so, a radically different picture of the Hadean began to emerge. Analysis of minerals trapped within microscopic zircon crystals dating from this econ “suggested that there was liquid water on the surface of the Earth back then, clashing with the previous picture that the Hadean was hellish,” Marchi said. This could explain why the evidence of the earliest life on Earth appears during the Hadean — maybe the planet was less inhospitable during that eon than previously thought.The exact timing and magnitude of the impacts that smashed Earth during the Hadean are unknown. To get an idea of the effects of this bombardment, Machi and his colleagues looked at the moon, whose heavily cratered surface helped model the battering that its close neighbor Earth must have experienced back then.“We also looked at highly siderophile elements (elements that bind tightly to iron), such as gold, delivered to Earth as a result of these early collisions, and the amounts of these elements tells us the total mass accreted by Earth as the results of these collisions,” Marchi said. Prior research suggests these impacts probably contributed less than 0.5 percent of the Earth’s present-day mass.The researchers discovered that “the surface of the Earth during the Hadean was heavily affected by very large collisions, by impactors [ɪm'pæktə] larger than 100 kilometers (60 miles) or so — really, really big impactors,’ Marchi said. “When Earth has a collision with an object that big, that melts a large volume of the Earth’s crust and mantle, covering a large fraction of the surface,”Marchi added. These findings suggest that Earth’s surface was buried over and over again by large volumes of molten rock — enough to cover the surface of the Earth several times. This helps explain why so few rock survive from the Hadean, the researchers said.9.Why is little known about the Earth’s first 500 million years?A.Because it is an imagined period of time.B.Because this period is of little significance.C.Because it is impossible to know about this period.D.Because no rocks are available as research evidence.10.Why is the early Earth imagined to be hellish?A.Because it was often smashed by asteroids and comets.B.Because back then Hades, the lord of Hell, resigned.C.Because it was so according to Greek mythology.D.Because back then there was no life.11.Why was the early Earth in fact less inhospitable than often thought?A.Because minerals of the Hadean have been found suggesting the existenceof life.B.Because the clashing brought by asteroids and comets was not completelydamaging.C.Because during the Hadean there already existed the evidence of life.D.Because there had already been liquid water on the Earth back then.12.How can the moon help with the understanding of the impacts that smashed theEarth?A.The moon once smashed into the Earth too.B.The moon was battered earlier than the Earth.C.The moon, as a close neighbor, is easier to observe.D.The moon’s surface is heavily cratered as the Earth’s.Passage FourFrom beach balls, pool toys, and jump houses, inflatable technology takes a big step forward for its next frontier: space station. A new kind of tech will be aboard Space X’s eighth supply mission to the International Space Station (ISS). A compressed living module will be delivered and attached to the station where, in the void of space, it will expand into a new habitat for astronauts.Designed by Bigelow Aerospace, the inflatable space habitat is one area NASAis exploring for potential deep space habitats and other advanced space missions.“The ‘Bigelow Expandable Activity Module,’or the BEAM, is an expandable habitat that will be used to investigate technology and understand the potential benefits of such habitats for human missions to deep space,” NASA Administrator Charles Bolden wrote in a blog post.The habitats could be a way to “dramatically increase” the space available for astronauts while also offering added protection from the dangers of space, like radiation and space debris, the NASA press release says.But how is an inflatable space station supposed to be a viable means of housing for space travelers? BEAMs are far more than balloon-like rooms where astronauts can take asylum. Technically, the modules don’t inflate ―they expand, according to the company. And beyond just air, the habitats are reinforced with an internal metal structure. The outside is composed of multiple layers of material including things like rubber and kevlar to protect from any speeding debris.Inside SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft on the way to the ISS, the BEAM will be approximately 8 feet in diameter. It will expand once deployed in space to offer 565 cubic feet of space for astronauts. “It’ll be the first time human beings will actually step inside this expandable habitat in space,”former astronaut George Zamka, who has worked for Bigelow Aerospace, told USA Today. “There won’t be this sense of it being like a balloon.”But astronauts won’t be getting inside the module for some time yet. The BEAM will be attached to the Tranquility Node and deployed. Inside the module are a series of tools that will help the crew of the ISS monitor different aspects of the expandable area to see how it acts in space. The crew will watch heat, radiation, orbital debris, and provide information about the viability of using similar modules in the future.The testing is scheduled to go on for a two-year time period, after which the module will be released and burn up in the atmosphere. NASA’s partnership with Bigelow fits Mr. Bolden’s desire to help grow a robustprivate sector industry to commercialize aspects of space ― a process he sees as vital if humans want to reach farther cosmic destinations. “The world of low Earth orbit belongs to industry,”Bolden said at a press conference in January 2015.13.What is special about the new living module on SpaceX’s eighth mission toISS?A)It is expandable. C) It is going to deep space.B)It looks like a toy. D) It will not return to Earth.14.What is the purpose of designing the inflatable space habitat?.A.It is to find out its potential capacity.B.It is to give a try on a new technology.C.It is to save time and money in production.D.It is to see if it can be applied in deep space.15.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A.The habitat will not be a balloon-like room.B.The habitat will not feel like a balloon.C.The habitat will be like a senseless balloon.D.The habitat will be a different kind of balloon.16.Why does NASA intend to commercialize aspects of space?A.It can save NASA time and energy.B.It is necessary for a robust industry.C.It is crucial for further space explorations.D.It meets both NASA’s and Bigelow’s needs.Passage FiveOf all the people on my holiday shopping list, there was one little boy for whom buying a gift had become increasingly difficult. He’s a wonderful child, adorable and loving, and he’s not fussy or irritable or spoiled. Though he lives across the country from me, I receive regular updates and photos, and he likes all the things that the boys his age want to play with. Shopping for him should be easy, but I find it hard to summon up any enthusiasm, because in all the years I’ve given him presents, he never once sent me a thank-you note.“Sending thank-you notes is becoming a lost art,”mourns Mary Mitchell, a syndicated columnist known as “Ms. Demeanor”and author of six etiquette books. In her view, each generation, compared with the one before, is losing a sense of consideration for other people. “Without respect,” she says, “you have conflict.”Ms. Demeanor would be proud of me: I have figured out a way to ensure that my children always send thank-you notes. And such a gesture is important, says Ms. Demeanor, because “a grateful attitude is a tremendous life skill, an efficient and inexpensive way to set ourselves apart in the work force and in our adult lives. Teach your children that the habit of manners comes from inside ― it’s an attitude based on respecting other people.”A few years ago, as my children descended like piranhas on their presents under the Christmas tree, the only attitude I could see was greed. Where was the appreciation of time and effort?A thank-you note should contain three things: an acknowledgement of the gift (Love the tie with the picture of a hose on it); a recognition of the time and effort spent to select it (You must have shopped all over the state to find such a unique item!); a prediction of how you will use your gift or the way ithas enhanced your life (I’ll be sure to wear it to the next Mr. Ed convention!).So, five years ago, in one of my rare flashes of parental insight, I decided that the most appropriate time to teach this basic courtesy is while the tinsel is hot. To the horror of my children, I announced that henceforth every gift received will be an occasion for a thank-you note written immediately, on the spot. I have explained to my kids how I have reacted to not hearing from the little boy ― how it made me fell unappreciated and unmotivated to repeat the process next year.I have reluctantly given my kids the green light to send e-mail thank-you notes; though hand-lettered ones (at least to me) still seem friendlier. But pretty much any thank-you makes the gift giver feel special ―just as, we hope, the recipient feels. It’s a gesture that perfectly captures the spirit of the holidays.17.The author felt unmotivated when buying a gift for the little boy because he.A.purposely intended not to show gratitude for her kindness andconsiderationB.had never expressed appreciation of the gifts he received in previousyears.C.had no idea how thoughtful she was in choosing a gift for himD.didn’t like any of the gift she had given him18.According to Ms. Demeanor, showing appreciation has the benefit of .A.forming the habit of good mannersB.regaining the lost art of expressing thanksC.motivating the gift giver to buy more giftsD.distinguishing oneself from others in work and life19.In a thank-you note, “The book will be my good companion when I am alone”serves as.A. a recognition of the time and effort spent to select itB.an announcement of how it has enhanced your lifeC. a prediction of how you will use your giftD.an acknowledgement of the gift20.What does the author mean by “while the tinsel is hot (Line 2, Para. 6)?A.The moment her kids receive a gift.B.The moment she starts choosing gifts for each kid.C.When the art of sending thank-you notes isn’t lost yet.D.When her kids still remember who bought the gifts for them.Part II English-Chinese Translation (5’×4 = 20 points)Directions: Read the following passage, and then translate the underlined parts numbered from (1) to (4), from English into Chinese. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Economics is no different. Supply, demand, elasticity, comparative advantage, consumer surplus, deadweight loss--these terms are part of the economist’slanguage. In the coming chapters, you will encounter many new terms and some familiar words that economists use in specialized ways.(1)At first, this new language may seem needlessly arcane. But, as you will see, its value lies in itsability to provide you a new and useful way of thinking about the world in which you live.Economists try to address their subject with a scientist’s objectivity. They approach the study of the economy in much the same way as a physicist approaches the study of matter and a biologist approaches the study of life: (2)They devise theories, collect data, and then analyze thesedata in an attempt to verify or refute their theories.To beginners, it can seem odd to claim that economics is a science. After all, economists do not work with test tubes or telescopes. (3)The essence of science, however, is the scientificmethods--the dispassionate development and testing of theories about how the world works.This method of inquiry is as applicable to studying a nation’s economy asit is to studying the earth’s gravity or a species’ evolution. (4)As Albert Einstein once put it, “The whole of science isnothing more than the refinement of everyday thinking.”(225words)Part II Chinese-English Translation (20 points)Directions: Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write youranswer on the ANSWER SHEET.为了寻找实验室试验的替代品，经济学家十分关注历史所提供的自然实验。
武汉理工大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
武汉理工大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Unit 1 SchoolingPassage OneVocabulary1.striking2.slender impeccable3.discernible4.sloppy5.sagacity6.arrogance7.vow8.homonym9.glistening10.fix the blame onPassage TwoVocabulary1. A2. B3. C4. A5. B6. D7. A8. D9. D10.CTranslation1. 我曾经遇到过这样一位管弦乐指挥严师。
当有人弹错时，他怒骂他为白痴”；当有人弹走音时，他暂停指挥，怒吼。
他就是杰瑞·卡帕琪斯基——乌克兰移民。
2. 传统的观念认为老师应该为学生梳理知识，而不是一味的把知识塞进他们的脑袋里。
作业和小组学习都是备受青睐的学习手段。
传统的方法，如讲授和背诵，都被讥讽为“钻杀”，被人反对，被贬为是用正确的方法来蚕食年轻一代的创造力和积极性。
3. 死记硬背现在被作为解释来自印度（印度人的记忆力让人赞不绝口）家庭的孩子在全国拼字比赛中大胜对手的一个原因。
4. 当然，我们也担心失败会给孩子造成精神创伤，削弱他们的自尊。
5. 研究人员曾以为，最有效的老师会通过小组学习和讨论带领学生学习知识。
Unit 2 MusicPassage OneVocabulary1. molecular2. hyperactive3. integrated4. retention5. condense6. clerical7. alert8. aesthetically9. compelling10. undeniablyPassage TwoVocabulary1. B2. D3. A4. B5. C6. D7. A8. B9. D 10. C Translation1.一项新的研究消除了某些美国人所珍视的观点，即音乐能够提高孩子的智力。
吉林大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析
吉林大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析吉林大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Vocabulary and Structure(30points)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.The safari hunter was nearly________to death by a herd of elephants.A.stampededB.trampledC.trodD.stamped2.She felt that she was too________with problems to be able to study properly.A.burdenedB.tiredC.grievedD.disturbed3.The roof________under the weight of the snow.A.fellB.submergedC.collapsedD.descended4.His criticism injured Jenny’s________.So she is feeling sad now.A.divinityB.indignityC.egoD.mind5.Hundreds of people________on the playground for watching the Dragon Lantern show.A.contrivedB.conformedC.conferredD.converged6.The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transportation and is therefore,not________to work locally./doc/2012752826.htmlpelledB.obligedC.restrictedD.repelled7.The doctors don’t________that the patient will live much longer.A.monitorB.manifestC.articulateD.anticipate8.Knowing that he had been admitted to Cambridge University,he was too excited to be________on the phone.A.coincidentalB.identicalC.sameD.coherent9.Hard work and malnutrition________his health and he looked thin and pale.A.impairedB.promotedC.acceleratedD.smashed10.Since you changed lanes without signaling,you are as much to________for theaccident as us.A.blameB.accusationC.condemnationD.charge11.Although he is in his fifties,his________arms are as powerful as those of a young man.A.energeticB.giganticC.muscularD.effective12.The purpose of the lecture was to________the masses of the United States with theelementary problems of Latin America./doc/2012752826.htmlrmB.acquaintC.instructD.announce13.Our teacher didn’t have time so far to go into it________,but he gave us an idea abouthis plan.A.in turnB.at handC.in conclusionD.at length14.She often says her greatest happiness________serving the handicapped children.A.consists inB.relies on/doc/2012752826.htmlposes of/doc/2012752826.htmlprises in15.Whenever possible,Ian________how well he speaks Japanese.A.shows upB.shows aroundC.shows offD.shows out16.________is known to the world,Mark Twain is a great American writer.A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It117.Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I________your advice.A.followB.had followedC.would followD.have followed18.I remember________to help us if we ever were in difficulties.A.once offeringB.him once offeringC.him to offerD.to offer him19.Helen apologized for________the party.A.her not being able to attendB.her being not able to attendC.her being able not to attendD.not her being able to attend20.It’s a pity that we should stay at home when we have________.A.so fineB.such fineC.such a fineD.so fine a21.Evidence came up________specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as sixmonths old.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whose22.America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it________beforethe West was settled.A.couldB.didC.wouldD.was23.________for a long time,the fields are all dried up.A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain24.He spoke so________that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.A.bluntlyB.convincinglyC.emphaticallyD.determinedly25.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be________at the manager’soffice.A.declaredB.obtainedC.reclaimedD.recognized26.Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure________.A.and more on efficiencyB.than more on efficiencyC.and more efficiencyD.than efficiency27.The earnings of women are well below that of men________educational differencesthat are diminishing between the two sexes.A.althoughB.thoughC.despite ofD.in spite of28.You should know better than________your little sister at home by herself.A.to leaveB.leavingC.to have leftD.left29.What the governments should do urgently is to take actions to________the economy.A.brookB.blushC.boostD.brood30.Some minerals are quite common,others are regionally________,and still others arerare on the earth.A.attributedB.distributedC.contributedD.scattered Part II Cloze(10%)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank them are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious weapons in the struggle for survival in the2open.They had neither the powerful teeth nor the31.________claws of the big cats.They could not32.________with the bear,whose strength,speed and claws33.________an impressive“small-fire”weaponry.They could not even defend themselves34.________ running swiftly like horse,zebras or small animals.If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms in the open,they would have been35.________to failure and extinction.But they were36.________with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not37.________by any of their competitors.In the search38.________the pickings of the forest,the ape-man had39.________ efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color40.________the animals of the grasslands did not possess.The ability to see clearly at close range41.________the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far42.________the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland.Good long distance sight was43.________another /doc/2012752826.htmlck oflong-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint,the greater the range of sight,so44.________they had had to do was climb a tree.Out in the open,however,this simple solution was not45.________. Climbing a hill would have helped,but in many places the ground was flat.The ape-men46. ________the only possible solution.They reared up as high as47.________on their hind limbs and began to walk upright.This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages.It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-man became slower still.48.________,they persevered and their bone structure graduallybecame49.________to the new,unstable position that50.________them the name Homo erectus,upright man.31. A.big B.weak C.strong D.small32. A.match /doc/2012752826.htmlpare C.rival D.equal33. A.became B.equipped C.posed D.provided34. A.in B.upon C.by D.with35. A.driven B.doomed C.forced D.led36. A.bestowed B.given C.presented D.endowed37. A.managed B.possessed C.posed D.opposed38. A.for B.of C.on D.at39. A.progressed B.generated C.developed D.advanced40. A.which B.as C.what D.that41. A.urged B.permitted C.banned D.caused42. A.from B.apart C.beyond D.above43. A.rather B.quite C.much D.really44. A.anything B.that C.everything D.all45. A.available B.enough C.sufficient D.convenient46. A.chose B.adopted C.accepted D.took47. A.valuable B.acceptable C.possible D.able48. A.However B.Therefore C.Meanwhile D.Subsequently49. A.suited B.familiarized C.adapted D.accustomed50. A.obtained B.called C.deserved D.earnedPart III Reading Comprehension(60%)Directions:There are6reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of then there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions51to55are based on the followingpassage:Passage1Perhaps no single monument in the USA is as famous are the State of Liberty.Standing on a small island in New York Harbor,the crowned lady,holding aloft in her right hand the torch of freedom and in her left hand a tablet which is inscribed“July4th,1776”,is a symbol of American democracy.She is colossal.She is151ft.high and the pedestal on which she stands is almost as much.An elevator takes visitors to the top of the pedestal, around which a balcony runs.A Spiral staircase goes up to the crown,and another to the torch.The State of Liberty was a gift to the USA from France in1886,as a mark of friendship and also in memory of the aid France gave the Americans during the American Revolution.For millions of immigrants,the Statue was their first sight of the promised land,and for a few it was also the last,as they sailed back home again.About a mile from Liberty Island, there is another small island,called Ellis Island,which was looked upon with dread by the immigrants.For it was here that they had to wait their turn to be examined by doctors and officials.Most of the immigrants could not speak a word of English.But only two out of100 immigrants were refused admission to New York City.Often the person refused turned out to be a grand-mother or a weary,frightened girl mistakenly labeled“feeble-minded.”Sometimes husbands and wives were parted because one of them happened to have a bad cough and was suspected of having tuberculosis.New York City was a bitter disillusionment to some immigrants.For from being a city paved with gold,it was a city teeming with overcrowded,unhealthy and unsafe ghettos.Theimmigrants looked for earlier immigrants of their own nationality or religion.So Italian, Polish,Irish,Jewish neighborhoods grew up.Because they could not speak English,the newcomers found it difficult to get work at once,and their living quarters were often slums.\ However,they found in the USA opportunities of bettering themselves.Today immigrants no longer have to endure the indignities of Ells Island.The grim buildings were closed down in1924.In1976,Ellis Island became an historic monument.51.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A.Gateway to the USA.B.State of LibertyC.Ellis IslandD.Immigrants of the USA52.The word“colossal”in paragraph1means________.A.miniatureB.colorfulC.enormousD.beautiful53.Immigrants looked upon Ellis Island with dread because________.A.they could not speak a wordB.they might be refused admission to the USA.C.husbands and wives might be recognizedD.they were suspected54.Paragraph3implies that________.A.New York City was paved with goldB.immigrants of the same nationality and religion lived in the samebuilding C.immigrants lived everywhereD.some immigrants were disappointed at New York City55.Which of the following statement is not true?A.The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France.B.France gave the USA the State to commemorate the aid they received from the US.C.The Statue of Liberty is the most famous monument in the USA.D.The Statue of Liberty is the symbol of American democracy.Questions56-60are based on the following passage.Passage2Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures“everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over17million people vote for Brexit,despite the warning about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the163countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over40different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have beenmeasured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the2008global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn.When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of country’s success,the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality of education outcomes---all thing that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers,who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.56.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he________.A.praised the UK for its GDPB.identified GDP with happinessC.misinterpreted the role of GDPD.had a low opinion of GDP57.It can be inferred from Paragraph2that________.A.the UK is reluctant to remold its economic patternB.the UK will contribute less to the world economyC.GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UKD.policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP58.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?A.It excludes GDP as an indicatorB.It is sponsored by163countries.C.Its criteriaare questionable D.Its result are enlightening59.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that________.A.the UK is preparing for an economic boomB.high GDP foreshadows an economic declineC.it is essential to consider factors beyond GDPD.it requires caution to handle economic issue60.Which of the following is the best for the text?A.High GDP but Inadequate Well-being,a U.K lessonB.GDP figures,a Window on Global Economic HealthC.Robert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDPD.Brexit,the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingQuestions61-65are based on the following passagePassage3The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over2,000years ago.Now twitter, instant messaging,e-mail,blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication---but none can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions:persuading or inspiring,informing, payingtribute,entertaining,or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.Over the past year,the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs or what was certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view.When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December2009,persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions.They focus on topics and matters that are close to people’s hearts.During wars,generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us.The information must be clear,accurate,and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. When the H1N1pandemic was announced,the idea of“swine flu”scared many people. Informative speeches from Words Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of aloved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting.Madonna’s speech about Michael Jacks on,after his death,heighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.It’s not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role.It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If you’re taking part i n a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument.In sports,athletesknow the importance of a pep talk(鼓舞士气的讲话) before a match to inspire teammates.You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level,a friend may be upset and need comforting.Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding,where you language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something we’re born with.Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech.For a brilliant speech,there are rules that you can put to good use.To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.61.The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable because________.A.it has always been used to inspire or persuade people.B.it has a big role to play in the entertainment businessC.it plays important roles in human communicationD.it is of great use in everyday-life context62.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking?A.Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problemsB.Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemicsC.The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers’speechesD.Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.63.Public speaking can play all the following rolesEXCEPT________.A.to convince people in a debate/doc/2012752826.htmlrm people at a presentationC.to advise people at workD.to entertain people at a wedding64.According to the passage,which of the following best explains the author’s view on“great speaking ability”?A.It comes from observing rules.C.It can be acquired from birth. practice.65.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Public speaking in international forums.C.Public speaking in daily life context.B.It can be perfected with easy effortD.It comes from learning andB.The many uses of public speaking D.The rules of public speakingQuestions66-60are based on the following passage.Passage4“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers”,wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii’s last re igning monarch,in1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory thatpromises t o revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea,dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But MaunaKea is also home to some of the world’s m ost powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past;it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find to what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change it use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoidarchaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.66.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph1indicates,________.A.the conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B.the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C.the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D.her appreciation of star watchers’feats in her time.67.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to________.A.its geographical featuresB.its protective surroundingsC.its religiousimplications D.its existing infrastructure68.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because________.A.it may risk ruining their intellectual lifeB.it reminds them of a humiliating history.C.their culture will lose a chance of revivalD.they fear losing control of Mauna Kea69.It can be inferred from Paragraph5that progress in today’s astronomy________.A.is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B.helps spread Hawaiian culture across the worldC.many uncover the origin of Hawaiian cultureD.will eventually soften Hawaiian’s hostility.70.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as theTMT site is one of________.A.severe criticismB.passive acceptanceC.slight hesitancyD.fullapprovalQuestions71-75are based on the following passage.Passage5Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing.They actually saw it as factor in world peace.They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies.None of them foresaw that the more we are together,the more chances there are of war.Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward,those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn.The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health.They would produce colds,catarrhs (粘膜炎)and consumptions（肺癌）.The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire would have a bad effect on the nerves.Further,being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs.In those with high blood-pressure,the movement for the train might produce apoplexy(中风).The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel,and the equally sudden rush into full daylight,would cause great damage to eyesight.But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite.They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation promotedigestion,tranquilize the nerves,and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable.If it was a test of endurance to six for four hours outside a coach in rain,or inside in dirty air,the railway offered little more in the way of comfort.Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats;but the second-class had only narrow bare boards,while the third-class had nothing at all;no seats and no roof;they were just open trucks so that third-class passengers gained nothing from the new mode except speed.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages.He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood.Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came.He describe them as horizontal shower-baths,from whose searching power there was no escape.71.All boys and girls in large families know that________.A.a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together.B.people tend to be together more than they used to beC.a lot of people being together makes fights likelyD.railway leads the world to peace72.According to those who welcomed the railway,the railway itself should include all thefollowing except________.A.the railway enables people to travel fastB.the railway brings comfort to peopleC.the railway makes the world peacefulD.the railway leads the world to war.73.According to the anti-railway group,all the followings are true but________.A.tunnels are dangerous to public health.B.the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people’s nervesC.the rapid speed through the air does damage to people’s lungs.D.to those with high blood-pressure,the rapid speed of the train causes them to die74.We may safely conclude that________.A.the author belongs to the anti-railway groupB.the author belongs to the for-railway groupC.the author speaks highly of the railwayD.the author may never take train because of its potential dangers.75.What is the tone of the passage?A.PracticalB.NeutralC.HumorousD.Exaggerated Questions76-80are based on the following passage.Passage6There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.“Sometime in the future,”the paper’s publisher said back in2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper---printing presses, delivery trucks---isn’t just expensive;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from printanyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate is print edition would be a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them.”he said.“but if you discontinue it,you’re going t o have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seen as blunder,”he said.The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?“I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,”he said,“I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they’d like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in,“So if you’re overpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping.”Peretti said.“Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words,if you’re going to make a print product,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already.Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly$500a year—more than twice as much as a digital—only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business.”Peretti。
厦门大学2017年博士入学英语考试真题
厦门大学·2017年·博士入学英语考试真题————————————————————————————————————————Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15% )Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B，C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sen-tence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. The village my grandfather grew up in is not far from the town.A. whatB. whereC. whereverD. which2. What’s your attitude his criticism?A. againstB. forC. towardsD. in3. If I had a car of my own，I it to your sister yesterday.A. will lendB. would lendC. should lendD. would have lent4. The newcomers found it impossible to themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.A. suitB. adaptC. regulateD. coordinate5. It’s a program designed to mainly to 16 to 25 year olds.A. includeB. appreciateC. appealD. conduct6. The actress lives in a very fashionable of town.A. positionB. componentC. quarterD. zone7. The store displayed its most products in the front window.A. modelB. presentC. distinctiveD. favorite8. Bob fails to attend the evening school. He sick，because he never asks for leave.A. may beB. can beC. must beD. is9. that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A. ForB. NowC. SinceD. Despite10. the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. But forB. In case ofC. In spite ofD. Because o£11. A tyre when you pump air into it；it shrinks when the air is gone.A. exploresB. expandsC. exploitD. exposes12. We simply can’t compete with other companies we improve our engine design and reduce the cost of production.A. thoughB. unlessC. lestD. provided13. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.A. by thatB. at thatC. on thatD. in that14. He wasn’t appointed chairman of the committee，not very popular with all its members.A. to be consideredB. consideringC. being consideredD. having considered15. telling her again since she won’t listen to it?A. What’s the point ofB. How’s the point ofC. Where is the point inD. Is there the point for16. To save money for my education，mother often took on more work than for her.A. it was goodB. what was goodC. was goodD. being good17. He denied to send out the signal at exactly 8 p. m.A. having been tellingB. being toldC. to be toldD. having been told18. Did it ever you that he could be the murderer?A. occur toB. occur inC. happen toD. happen with19. The professor sprang to his feet，a hand to his rosy, bald head.A. coveredB. clappingC. smashingD. hit20. The explorers came forward with gifts of ducks and flour-cakes and troughs of water for the horses to drink.A. held inB. held withC. held underD. held up21. Because of the of its ideas，the book was in wide circulation both at home and abroad.A. originalityB. subjectivityC. generalityD. ambiguity22. With its own parliament and currency and a common for peace，the European Union declared itselfin 11 official languages—open for business.A. inspirationB. assimilationC. intuitionD. aspiration23. America has now adopted more ___ European-style inspection systems，and the incidence of food poisoning is falling.A. discreteB. solemnC. rigorousD. autonomous24. Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an spur to efficiency and innovation.A. extravagantB. exquisiteC. intermittentD. indispensable25. In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction, foresaw many of the technological wonders that are today.A. transientB. commonplaceC. implicitD. elementary26.1 was so when I used the automatic checkout lane in the supermarket for the first time.A. immersedB. assaultedC. thrilledD. dedicated27. His arm was from the shark’s mouth and reattached, but the boy, who nearly died, remained in a delicate condition.A. retrievedB. retainedC. repelledD. restored28. Bill Gates and Walt Disney are two people the magazine has to be the Grea- test American.A. appointedB. appeasedC. nicknamedD. nominated29. The majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will help decrease the crime rate.A. overflowingB. overwhelmingC. prevalentD. premium30. We will also see a increase in the number of televisions per household，as small TV displays are added to clocks，coffee makers and smoke detectors.A. startlingB. surpassingC. suppressingD. stackingPart H Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions：There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncingforeign languages. Now there are many reasons for this，some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about dealing with it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill, one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language，while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught? the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher：the first, knowledge；the second，technique. It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech，and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students’pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use，and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.31. According to the passage, pronouncing foreign languages.A. few people are extremely good atB. even modern people are not good atC. only a few people are somewhat good atD. few people are at the average level in32. According to the author, pronunciation is a skill that can NOT be .A. picked up without conscious trainingB. trained consciouslyC. be taughtD. be carefully trained33. The italicized “the branch of study” in Para. 1 refers to •A. accentB. pronunciationC. the learning of spoken EnglishD. both A and B34. In the author’s opinion, •A. grammar is less important than pronunciationB. grammar and spelling should always make room for pronunciationC. grammar and spelling are sometimes less important than pronunciationD. grammar is more important than spelling35. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A. The difficulty and importance of pronunciation.B. The difficulty and the teaching requirements concerning pronunciation.C. The significance and the teaching methods of pronunciation.D. The difficulty and features of pronunciation.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage：What will man be like in the future—in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make a guess, of course，but we can be sure that he will be different from what he istoday. For man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man，even five hundred years ago，was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, menare about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time，so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller.Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so，we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity. As time goes on，however，we shall have to use our brains more and more，and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too：the head，in particular the forehead，will grow larger.Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over very long period of time it islikely that man’s eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These，as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future，then，both se-xes are likely to be bald! Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look atj This may well be true. All the same，in spite of all these changes，future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.36. The passage tells us about .A. how man’s life will be in the futureB. how future man will look likeC. the fact that man’s organs will function differently in the futureD. the fact that man is growing uglier as time passes37. There is evidence that man is changing— •A. man has been growing taller over the past five hundred yearsB. man has got stronger eyes now than he ever hadC. man’s hair is getting thinner and thinnerD. man’s limbs are growing weaker because he tends to make less use of them38. Man’s forehead will grow larger because .A. he still makes use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacityB. the other 80% of his brain will grow in due timeC. he had rather narrow forehead a few hundred years agoD. he will have to use his brain more and more as time goes on39. Future man will probably .A. have smaller eyesB. have larger eyesC. see betterD. have to wear better glasses40. The reason for believing that future man will be different is that heA. is always growingB. never stops changingC. hopes for a changeD. will live a different lifeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage：Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter.“You’re supposed to remember something，but you haven’t encoded it deeply •” Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. “Your memory itself isn’t failing you，“says Schacter. “Rather，you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed. ”Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago，’’ says Zelinski，“may not remember to drop a letter in themailbox. ” Women have slightly better memories than men，possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available，” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch，put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time，”says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room，and you’ll likely remember.41. Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?A. It helps us understand our memory system better.B. It enables us to recall something from our memory.C. It expands our memory capacity considerably.D. It slows down the process of losing our memory.42. One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that .A. they have a wider range of interestsB. they are more reliant on the environmentC. they have an unusual power of focusing their attentionD. they are more interested in what’s happening around them43. A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because .A. it will easily get lostB. it’s not clear enough for you to readC. it’s out of your sightD. it might get mixed up with other things44. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.B. Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.C. Repetition helps improve our memory.D. If we keep forgetting things，we’d better return to where we were.45. What is the passage mainly about?A. The process of gradual memory loss.B. The causes of absent-mindedness.C. The impact of the environment on memory.D. A way of encoding and recalling.Part H Short Answer Questions (5%)Directions：Read the following passage and then give short answers to the questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage：The newborn can see the difference between various shapes and patterns from birth. He prefers patterns to dull or bright solid colors and looks longer at stripes and an-gles than at circular patterns. Within three weeks, however, his preference shifts dramatically to the human face.Why should a baby with so little visual experience attend more to a human face than to any other kind of pattern? Some scientists think this preference represents a built in advantage for the human species. The object of prime importance to the physically helpless infant is a human being. Babies seem to have a natural tendency to the human face as potentially rewarding. Researchers also point out that the newborn wisely relies more on pattern than on outline，size，or color. Pattern remains stable，while outline changes with point of view; size, with distance from an object；and brightness and color, with lighting.Mothers have always claimed that they could see their newborns looking at them as they held them, despite what they have been told. The experts who thought that perception （知觉）had to await physical development and the consequence of action were wrong for several reasons. Earlier research techniques were less sophisticated than they are today. Physical skills were once used to indicate perception of objects—skills like visual tracking and reaching for an object, both of which the newborn does poorly. Then，too, assumptions that the newborn’s eye and brain were too immature for anything as sophisticated as pattern recognition caused opposing data to be thrown away. Since perception of form was widely believed to follow perception of more “basic”qualities such as color and brightness, the possibility of its presence from birth was rejected.46. What does a newborn baby like to see most in the first two weeks?47. Why does the newborn pay more attention to a human face than any other kind of objects，according to some scientists?48. What have mothers been told about newborns, contrary to what they believe?49. Why were mothers’ observations thrown away?50. What was the prevalent assumption about perception of form and perception of more “basic” qualities?Part K Cloze （10%）Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A，B，C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONEthat best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag （时差反应）.Jet lag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 51 making mistakes. It is actually caused by 52 of your “body clock” 一a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 53 • The body clock is designed for a 54 rhythm of daylight and darkness，so that it is thrown out of balance when it 55 daylight and darkness at the wrong times in a new time zone.The 56 of jet lag often persist for days 57 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is 58 that is based on proven59 pioneering scientific research.Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has 60 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 61 controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 62 of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact time to either 63 or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule 64 light exposure depends a great deal on 65 travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary （旅行路线）and the individual’s sleep 66 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 67 on exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls 68 bright light, you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is darkoutside, or the weather is bad，69 you are on an aeroplane，you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light 70 for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.51. A. for B. from C. to D. of52. A. rupture B. functions C. reflection D. disruption53. A. actions B. functions C. reflection D. behavior54. A. regular B. formal C. continual D. circular55. A. retains B. encounters C. possesses D. experiences56. A. diseases B. symptoms C. signs D. defects57. A. while B. whereas C.if D. although58. A. adaptable B. approachable C. available D. agreeable59. A. broad B. inclusive C. tentative D. extensive60. A. devised B. recognized C. scrutinized D. visualized61. A. at B. through C. in D. as62. A. most B. least C. little D. more63. A. attain B. shed C. retrieve D. seek64. A. on B. with C. for D. in65. A. unique B. specific C. complicated D. peculiar66. A. norm B. mode C. pattern D. style67. A. directories B. instructions C. specifications D. commentaries68. A. off B. on C. for D. up69. A. or B. and C. but D. while70. A. agitation B. spur C. acceleration D. stimulusPart V English-Chinese Translation (20%)Directions：Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(71) Against the backdrop of the relative decline of Britain, whose GDP has slipped to the seventh place in the world, London is doing very well, being first or second to New York in most of the rankings of great cities. (72) London’s success over the past quartercentury has been the consequence of historical accident and good policy, which attracted smart professionals and the rich from all around the world. (73) They are not only betterqualified, younger and harder-working, but also brought in the flow of foreign money to London. Therefore, the author claims that London lives off foreigners. However, Britain does not much like foreigners. (74) British people, especially those who are not Londoners are pressuring their government to cut immigration and restrict students’ right to work, which the author thinks is going to mar London’s brilliance and speed London and Britain’s relative decline. (75) Though London’s moment will inevitably pass because of the emerging market elsewhere, there are still a lot of things that London can do to slowdown the process, such as investing in transportation. The least that it should is to discourage foreigners from coming, the author concludes.Part M Writing (20%)Directions：You are asked to write an essay on the following topic : Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?You should write at least 250 words.You should give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.。
2017年西南政法大学英语2017（含答案）考博真题博士研究生入学考试试题
2017年西南政法大学英语2017（含答案）考博真题博士研究生入学考试试题西南政法大学考博英语历年试题西南政法大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题学科专业：各专业考试科目：1001英语（100分）考生注意：请在答题纸上答题，在试题上答题不给分。
试题和答题纸同时交回，否则成绩无效。
基础英语部分（70分）Part I Vocabulary (10 points, 0.5 point for each)Directions:Choose the word that best completes the following sentences.1. A camera takes light rays ______ off subjects and focuses them on a sheet of film.A. disguisedB. definedC. bouncedD. incorporated2. A coat of paint will develop small cracks as it ______ over time.A. peelsB. shrinksC. hardensD. fades3.If you reveal your friend’s secrets, you will ______ him.A. lureB. disturbC. alienateD. control4.If you ______ your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.A. conductB. dismissC. grantD. moderate5.He was extremely ______ by the illness of his daughter.A. agitatedB. exploitedC. influencedD. dominated6.The tremor in his voice ______ his nervousness.A. affirmedB. disguisedC. representedD. revealed7.He is unable to find a post ______ with his ability.A. commensurateB. appropriateC. requisiteD. applicable8.Although I tried to concentrate on the lecture, I was ______ by the noise from the nextroom.A. dissuadedB. avertedC. repressedD. distracted9.His parents gave him many expensive toys as some form of ______ for his lameness andinability to play active games.A. remedyB. compensationC. treatmentD. comfort10.To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the ______ of the humanlife span?。
人大考博英语(2010-2017)
历年真题2017年中国人民大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题PartⅡReading Comprehension(40%)Directions:There are4reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D．You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET．Questions16to20are based on the following passage．Sometimes,over a span of many Years,a business will continue to grow,generating ever-increasing amounts of cash,repurchasing stock,paying increased dividends,reducing debt, opening new stores,expanding production facilities,moving into new markets,etc.,while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant(or even falls)．When this happens,the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range．Take,for example,Wal-Mart.Over the past five years,the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over80％,profits by over100％,and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30％during that timeframe.Clearly,the valuation picture has changed.An investor that read the annual report back in2000or2001might have passed on the security,deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio.Today,however,the equation is completely different--despite the stock price,WalMart is,in essence,trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend,twice the earnings power, more stores,and a bigger infrastructure.Home Depot is in much the same boat,largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world's largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy．Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon.Ten years ago,in1996, the stock traded between a range of$36．10and$54．30per share.At the time,it had reported earnings per share of$1．40and paid a cash dividend of$0．50per share.Corporate per share book value was$2．48．Last year,the stock traded within a range of$40．30 and$45．30per share;squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior!Yet,despite the stagnant stock price,the2006estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share standaround$2．16(a rise of54％),the cash dividend has more than doubled to$1．20, book value is expected to have grown to$7．40per share(a gain of nearly300％),and the total number of shares outstanding(未偿付的，未完成的)has actually decreased from2．481 billion to an estimated2．355billion due to the company's share repurchase program．16．This passage is probably a part of______．A．Find Hidden Value in the Market B．Become RicherC．Get Good Bargains D．Identify Good Companies17．The italicized word“stagnant”(line4,Para.1)can be best paraphrased as______．A．prominent B．terrible C．unchanged D．progressing18．Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price becauseA．it has stored a large quantity of goodsB．it has become financially more powerfulC．it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcyD．it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies19．All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT______．A．the cash dividend has increasedB．the earning power has become strongerC．both businesses have continued to growD．the stock price has greatly decreased20．According to the author,one had better______．A．buy more shares when the stock price falls downB．sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC．do some research on the value.of a business when its stock price falls downD．invest in the business when its stock price fails downQuestions21to25are based on the following passage．Today's college students are more narcissistic(自恋的)and self-centered than their predecessors,according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society．“We need to stop endlessly repeating'You're special'and having children repeat that back,”said the study's lead author,Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University.“Kids are self-centered enough already.”“Unfortunately,narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society,including the breakdown of close relationships with others,”he said.The study asserts that narcissists“are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived,at risk for infidelity,lack emotional warmth,and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty,and over-controlling and violent behaviors”.Twenge,the author of“Generation Me：Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident,Assertive,Entitled--and More Miserable Than Ever Before”,said narcissists tend to lack empathy,react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others．Some analysts have commended today's young people for increased commitment to volunteer work.But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically,noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications．Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的)that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies.“Permissiveness seems to be a component,”he said.“A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting.Less indulgence might be called for.”Yet students,while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings,don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation．Hanady Kader,a University of Washington senior,said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded.But she is dismayed(气馁；心,)by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status.“We're encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want,and nobody should stand in your way,”Kader said.“I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships.”Kari Dalane,a University of Vermont sophomore,says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered.“People are worried about themselves--but in the sense of where are they're going to find a place in the world,”she said.“People want to look their best,have a good time,but it doesn't mean they're not concerned about the rest of the world.”Besides,some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome,Dalane said.“It would be more depressing if people answered,'No,I'm not special.'”21．According to the passage,a narcissistic person may21．According to the passage,a narcissistic person may______．A．hate criticism B．be dishonest to his/her partnerC．be unwilling to help others D．All the above．22．The italicized word“commended”(line1,Para.3)means______．A．praised B．criticized C．recommended D．disfavored23．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Narcissism may result in bad consequences．B．College students are active to participate in volunteer work．C．Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge．D．Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion．24．It is implied that______．A．both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissism B．the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC．the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the study D．college students are pessimistic about their future25．It is proper to be when you hear someone say“I'm special”．A．objective B．pessimistic C．optimistic D．worriedQuestions26to30are based on the following passage．The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries．The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards,instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election,which can occur more than50days after the card vote is completed．Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill.The National Association of Manufacturers,The National Federation of Independent Business,the U.S.Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers.“This isn't about preventing increased unionization, it's about protecting rights”,said the National Association of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill.Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion(旨迫,胁迫)from unions．Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers.“Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't,”Samuel said.He cites the31,358cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in2005．Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby,the secret ballot would not be eliminated.The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers.“On the ground,the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day,”said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council,who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level．The bill has other provisions(规定，条款)as well.The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration(促裁)when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a con-tract after3months.An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for2years,a fact that Straczewski calls,“borderline unconstitutional”.“I don't see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract,”said Straczewski．The bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers.The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service,the organization that oversees arbitration,reported that in2004,45percent of newly formed unions were deniedfirst contracts by employers.The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees.As it stands,the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in1935．The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages．26．Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A．House bill aims to spur labor union growth．B．House bill aims to counter labor union growth．C．Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment．D．Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees'income．27．According to its opponents,the bill______．A．will protect employees'rightsB．will benefit workers by binding contractsC．will empower unions too muchD．makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions28．The word“it”(line5,Para.5)refers to______．A．the change B．the legislationC．the AFL-CIO D．the difference29．People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPTA．the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries B．the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local levelC．binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can't be agreed on betweena recently established union and a companyD．the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employ ees30．It is implied that______．A．fewer private industries joined unions in the pastB．workers'coercion often comes from unionsC．the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD．punishment authorized by the bill will be lighterQuestions31to35are based on the following passage．Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society,changing many people's views on race,history and politics.The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals．Muhammad AllCassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville,Kentucky,learning to fight at age12after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself.Six years later, he was an Olympic boxing champion,going on to win three world heavyweight titles.He became known as much for his swagger(趾高气扬)outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to Islam in1965,changing his name to Muhammad Ali and refusing to join the U.S.Army on religious grounds.Ali remained popular after his athletic career ended and he developed Parkinson's disease,even lighting the Olympic torch at the1996Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam following the September11terrorist attacks．W.E．B．Du Bois(William Edward Burghardt Du Bois)Born in1868,this Massachusetts native was one of the most prominent,prolific intellectuals of his time.An academic,activist and historian,Du Bois co-founded the National Associationfor the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP),edited“The Crisis”magazine and wrote 17books,four journals and many other scholarly articles.In perhaps his most famous work,“The Souls of Black Folk”,published in1903,he predicted“the problem of20th century [would be］the problem of the colorline”．Martin Luther King Jr．The Rev.Martin Luther King Jr.is considered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American civil rights movement.He spearheaded(带头；作先锋)a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches,sit-ins,boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affect-ed Americans'attitudes toward race relations.He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in1964．Malcolm XBlack leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early1960s.He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following,which continued even after his death in1965．Interest in the leader surged again after Spike Lee's1992movie“Malcolm X”was released．Jackie RobinsonIn1947,Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the U.S.major leagues.After retirement from baseball in1957,he remained active in civil rights and youth activities.In1962,he became the first African-American to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame．31．Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?A．He never served in the army．B．He learned to fight at an early age．C．His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing．D．He loves peace．32．The italicized word“prolific”(line2,Para.3)is synonymous to______．A．smart B．skilled C．productive D．pioneering33．According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true?A．W.E．B．Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people．B．Jackie Robinson was denied by U.S.major baseball leagues throughout his life．C．Martin Luther King Jr.was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements．D．Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his death．34．What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?A．Each achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly recognized．B．Each was devoted to his/her cause but didn't win recognition until death．C．All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime．D．All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities．35．Which of the following can be a title of the passage?A．Life of Famous African AmericansB．Influence of Famous African AmericansC．Political Pioneers:Icons and intellectualsD．Cultural Pioneers:Icons and intellectualsPartⅢVocabulary(10％)Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word.And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．36．The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to______the weightof the building．A．subside B．idealize C．initiate D．sustain37．The actress was very______at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conference．A．extraterrestrial B．explicit C．indignant D．innovative38．It is known to all that children in this region have strong______to swimming in summer because of the hot weather．A．inclination B．exposure C．flux D．correlation39．The torch was______by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting．A．implement B．deceive C．exemplify D．ignited40．These samples have to be______in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them．A．immersed B．crisped C．armored D．arrayed41．Her talk at the seminar clearly______from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology．A．alternated B．amplified C．designated D．diverged42．Three years______before he returned home from the United States．A．denoted B．destined C．elapsed D．enveloped43．A______plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities．A．deliberate B．disincentive C．functional D．fantastic44．Sometimes in drawing and designing,the sign X______the unknown number．A．facilitates B．fascinates C．denotes D．jots45．The speaker was very much______by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall．A．jerked B．incensed C．laced D．limped46．The two countries have developed a______relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade．A．managerial B．lethal C．metric D．cordial47．The doctor's______was that she should go and see the specialist in this field．A．constraint B．counsel C．coherence D．consciousness48．The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its______declaration in1970that oceans were the heritage of mankind．A．unanimous B．abstract C．autonomous D．almighty49．They need to move to new and large apartments.Do you know of any______ones in this area?A．evacuated B．empty C．vacant D．vacate50．The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get______quickly．A．decomposed B．denounced C．detached D．deduced51．The government decided to take a(n)______action to strengthen the market management．A．diverse B．durable C．epidemic D．drastic52．The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to______it．A．disgrace B．disguise C．defy D．distress53．They admitted that they shared the same______on the matter．A．potentiality B．sentiment C．Postscript D．subscription54．We cannot be______with him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday．A．pecked B．reconciled C．perturbed D．presumed55．Bad traveling conditions had seriously their progress to their destination in that region．A．tugged B．demolished C．hampered D．destroyedPartⅣCloze(10%)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET．Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level.Nearly one-third of all human beings live within36miles of a coastline.Most of the world's great seaport cities would be56:New Orleans, Amsterdam,Shanghai,and Cairo.Some countries--Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific--would be inundated.Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,57large populations occupy lowlying areas,would suffer extreme 58．Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons,59in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world.60water quality may result as61flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable,natural62could be flooded with ocean water,destroying forever many of the63plant and animal species living there．Food supplies and forests would be64affected.Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture.Warmer temperatures would65grain-growing regions pole-wards.The warming would also increase and change the pest plants,such as weeds and the insects66 the crops．Human health would also be affected.Warming could67tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever,malaria,and other diseases.Heat stress and heat mortality could rise.The harmful68of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 69There will be some70from warming.New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic,longer growing seasons further north will71new agricultural lands,and warmer temperature will make some of today'scolder regions more72But these benefits will be in individual areas.The natural systems --both plant and animal--will be less able than man to cope and73Any change of temperature,rainfall,and sea level of the magnitude now74will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well．The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must do everything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions75by global warming．56．A．ascended B．assaulted C．erased D．endangered 57．A．which B．where C．when D．what' 58．A．dislocation B．discontent C．distribution D．distinction 59．A．rebuking B．rambling C．resulting D．rallying 60．A．Increased B．Reduced C．Expanded D．Saddened 61．A．inland B．coastal C．urban D．suburban 62．A．dry-land B．mountain C．wetlands D．forest 63．A．unique B．precious C．interesting D．exciting 64．A．geologically B．adversely C．secretively D．serially 65．A．shift B．generate C．grease D．fuse66．A．hiking B．hugging C．attacking D．activating 67．A．endanger B．accommodate C．adhere D．enlarge68．A．profits B．values C．effects D．interests 69．A．conditions B．accommodation C．surroundings D．evolution 70．A．adjustments B．benefits C．adoptions D．profits 71．A．alternate B．abuse C．advocate D．create72．A．accidental B．habitable C．anniversary D．ambient 73．A．adapt B．alleviate C．agitate D．assert74．A．ascertained B．conformed C．consoled D．anticipated 75．A．tutored B．relayed C．triggered D．reflected PartⅤTranslation from English into Chinese(10%) Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese,and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET．Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being.Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy—including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it,but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts—detract from well-being．For most of human history,the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefitside of the energy-well-being equation.Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organizations for harvesting,converting,and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience,deprivation and constraints on growth.The1970's,then,represented a turning point.After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs—and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status—energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects.It began to be probable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply.It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits．PartⅥWritingDirections:You are asked to write in no less than200words about the title of“Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China”.You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。
2017年社科院博士生入学考试英语试题 (1)
中国社会科学院研究生院2017年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷英语（B卷）2017年3月11日8:30–11:30答题说明1.请考生按照答题卡的要求填写相关内容。
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PART I:Cloze(20points)Directions:Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank.During the mid–1980s,my family and I spent a__(1)__year in the historic town of St. Andrews,paring life there with life in America,we were impressed by a__(2)__ disconnection between national wealth and well-being.To most Americans,Scottish life would have seemed__(3)__.Incomes were about half that in the U.S.Among families in the Kingdom of Fife surrounding St.Andrews,44percent did not own a car,and we never met a family that owned two.Central heating in this place__(4)__south of Iceland was,at that time,still a luxury.In hundreds of conversations during our year there and during three half summer stays since,we ___(5)___notice that,___(6)___their simpler living,the Scots appeared___(7)___joyful than Americans.We heard complaints about Margaret Thatcher,but never about being underpaid or unable to afford wants.Within any country,such as our own,are rich people happier?In poor countries,being relatively well off does make__(8)__somewhat better well off.But in affluent countries,where nearly everyone can afford life’s necessities,increasing affluence matters__(9)__little.In the U.S.,Canada,and Europe,the correlation between income and happiness is,as University of Michigan researcher noted in a1980s16–nation study,“virtually__(10)__”.Happiness is lower __(11)__the very poor.But once comfortable,more money provides diminishing returns.Even very rich people are only slightly happier than average.With net worth all___(12)___ $100million,providing___(13)___money to buy things they don’t need and hardly care about,4 in5of the49people responding to survey agreed that“Money can increase or decrease happiness, depending on how it is used”.And some were indeed unhappy.One fabulously__(14)__man said he could never remember being happy.One woman reported that money__(15)__misery caused by her children’s’problems.At the other end of life’s circumstances are most victims of disabling tragedies.Yet,remarkably, most eventually recover a near-normal level of day-to-day happiness.Thus,university students who must cope with disabilities are__(16)__able-bodied students to report themselves happy,and their friends agree with their self-perceptions.We have__(17)__the American dream of achieved wealth and well-being by comparing rich and unrich countries,and rich and unrich people.That leaves the final question:Over time,does happiness rise with affluence?Typically not.Lottery winners appear to gain but a temporary jolt of joy from their winnings. On a small scale,a jump in our income can boost our morale,for a while.But in the long run, neither an ice cream cone nor a new car nor becoming rich and famous produces the same feelings of delight that it initially___(18)___.Happiness is not the result of being rich,but a__(19)__ consequence of having recently become richer.Wealth,it therefore seems,is like health:Although its utter absence can breed misery,having it does not guarantee happiness.Happiness is__(20)__a matter of getting what we want than of wanting what we have.1. a.underpaid b.prosperous c.affluent d.sabbatical2. a.assumed b.seeming c.seemed d.seemly3. a.precarious b.imprudent c.spartan d.gallant4. a.not far b.as far as c.far from d.far to5. a.virtually b.remarkably c.ideally d.repeatedly6. a.forasmuch b.despite c.considering d.inasmuch7. a.no less b.less c.more d.no more8. a.for b.up c.out d.over9. a.scarely b.intentionally c.surprisingly d.provisionally10.a.diminishing b.negligible c.tripled d.perceivable11.a.in b.on c.upon d.among12.a.exceeded b.exceeding c.excess d.excessive13.a.utter b.messy c.greedy d.ample14.a.prosperous b.triumphant c.jubilant d.victorious15.a.could undo b.could intensifyc.could not undod.could not intensify16.a.as plausible as b.not as plausible asc.as likely asd.not as likely as17.a.ventilated b.deliberated c.speculated d.scrutinized18.a.does b.did c.has done d.is19.a.new b.favorite c.temporary d.normal20.a.more b.less c.better d.worsePART II:Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:Choose the best answers based on the information in the passages below. Passage1In the1960s and’70s of the last unlamented century,there was a New York television producer named David Susskind.He was commercially successful;he was also,surprisingly,a man of strong political views which he knew how to present so tactfully that networks were often unaware of just what he was getting away with on their—our—air.Politically,he liked to get strong-minded guests to sit with him at a round table in a ratty building at the corner of Broadway and42nd Street.Sooner or later,just about everyone of interest appeared on his program.Needless to say,he also had time for Vivien Leigh to discuss her recent divorce from Laurence Olivier,which summoned forth the mysterious cry from the former Scarlett O’Hara,“I am deeply sorry for any woman who was not married to Larry Olivier.”Since this took in several billion ladies(not to mention those gentlemen who might have offered to fill,as it were,the breach),Leigh caused a proper stir,as did the ballerina Alicia Markova,who gently assured us that“a Markova comes only once every hundred years or so.”I suspect it was the dim lighting on the set that invited such naked truths.David watched his pennies.I don’t recall how,or when,we began our“States of the Union”programs.But we did them year after year.I would follow whoever happened to be president,and I’d correct his“real”State of the Union with one of my own,improvising from questions that David would prepare.I was a political pundit because in a1960race for the House of Representatives(upstate New York), I got more votes than the head of the ticket,JFK;in1962,I turned down the Democratic nomination for U.S.Senate on the sensible ground that it was not winnable;I also had a pretty good memory in those days,now a-jangle with warning bells as I try to recall the national debt or,more poignantly,where I last saw my glasses.I’ve just come across my“State of the Union”as of1972.In1972,I begin:“According to the polls,our second principal concern today is the breakdown of law and order.”(What,I wonder,was the first?Let’s hope it was the pointless,seven-year—at that point—war in Southeast Asia.)I noted that to those die-hard conservatives,“law and order”is usually a code phrase meaning“get the blacks.”While,to what anorexic,vacant-eyed blonde women on TV now describe as the“liberal elite,”we were pushing the careful—that is,slow—elimination of poverty.But then,I say very mildly,we have only one political party in the United States,the Property Party,with two right wings,Republican and Democrat.Since I tended to speak to conservative audiences in such civilized places as Medford,Oregon;Parkersburg,West Virginia;and Longview,Washington,there are,predictably,a few gasps at this rejection of so much received opinion.There are also quite a few nods from interested citizens who find it difficult at election time to tell the parties apart.Was it in pristine Medford that I actually saw the nodding Ralph Nader whom I was,to his horror,to run for president that year in Esquire?Inspired by the nods,I start to geld the lily,as the late Sam Goldwyn used to say.The Republicans are often more doctrinaire than the Democrats,who are willing to make small—very small—adjustments where the poor and black are concerned while giving aid and comfort to the anti-imperialists.Comprehension Questions:21.We may understand Alicia Markova to be______________.a.A current popular figure in the United Statesb.A much sought-after interview subjectc.A popular,rather than intellectual,interview subjectd.A Russian defector to the United States22.In the passage,the author reminds the reader that the broadcast bands are______________.e.invariably used for the public good b.private,rather than public,propertyc.public,rather than private,propertyd.fair and balanced23.The author now finds it difficult to______________.a.run for Senateb.differentiate between a Republican and a Democratc.remember details or informationd.identify code-words in the media24.The author observes that anti-crime initiatives by America’s political right often either result inor are based upon______________.a.the desire to eliminate povertyb.protection of propertyc.the State of the Uniond.profiling.25.The author was invited to participate in Suskind’s television programs because______________.a.of his varied political experiencef.he turned down the Democratic nomination for U.S.Senateg.his knowledge of Larry Olivierh.his status as an anti-imperialistPassage2Chicag’s segregation of minorities is as old as the city itself.The African-American neighborhoods of today’s South and West sides are located in exactly the same parts of the city as the African-American neighborhoods of1910.And from1930to today,these African America neighborhoods have been represented in Congress and in the state house by African-American politicians,who have done very little(other than pass Federal benefit programs)to lift African-Americans out of poverty.In the2000Census,for example,of the ten poorest census tracts in the entire United States,nine were located in the South and West Side African-American areas ruled by African-American congressmen Bobby Rush and Jesse Jackson Jr.The concept of Western Imperial Colonialism is very popular in the literature of racial exploitation.The continent of Africa was divided up into“colonies”by the major European Imperial powers in a very short period of time:just seven years,from1885to1892.Previously,Britain had seized vast territories belonging to other cultures for hundreds of years.But in20th century America a new type of colony was invented:American urban colonies in the large metropolitan areas from the Midwest and Northeast to Los Angeles.These were made possible by the Great Migration of African-Americans from the South to the North,which began during WWI.As they moved north,African-Americans were immediately confined to ghettoes defined by racial boundaries.No one doubts that this segregation was done intentionally.But it’s important to realize that this segregation was not created by the racist attitudes of the residents of Chicago(Chicago never had slaves)but by the ruling political elite.As soon as the African-American population of Chicago began to expand,the Great Depression hit and put many persons out of work.FDR’s response to this was to create the New Deal programs of welfare,food assistance,and subsidized housing.While this greatly helped unemployed persons of all races,for African-Americans it began the ghettoization of their people into what can only be called urban colonies in the large cities of the north.The pattern seen in the 20largest cities of the United States from1920to2010is remarkably consistent.In192019of the twenty largest cities were all located in the North.All of these nineteen cities were from92.5%to 99%white.The one exception was Baltimore,MD and that was85%white.It had a slightly larger black population only because it was a port of entry for the slave trade.Similarly,all of these cities saw great increases in their black populations starting in1920.By1990these cities were from26to 76%black.These cities did not lose whites because African-Americans moved in.Rather,it is more accurate to say that Americans are a highly migratory group,and the big cities were ports of entry for European immigrants.So as whites left,politicians wanted to maintain their population numbers. By the2010Census the cities with the highest black populations were Detroit,MI,which was83% black,and Newark,NJ which was52%.(Sources:Census paper No.76and Census2010Quick facts).And since in all the major industrial cities of the North,the destinations of job-seeking African-American migrants were controlled by Democrats,it is overwhelmingly clear that these great pockets of urban poverty were created and maintained by that one political party.Tragically all of these cities have very high rates of segregation,poor education for African-Americans;high unemployment,single motherhood,and crime.In Chicago,“negro wards”as they were then called, were quickly drawn up:their boundaries reflected(and promoted)the racial segregation of the time. Their political representatives were African-American,and they were expected to deliver votes tothe Democratic Party.Most Americans don’t know that Chicago is the center for black politics. Furthermore,since Lincoln freed the slaves,African-Americans in Chicago voted for Republicans, until a Democratic Mayor,Anton Cermak,took over;fired all the thousands of African-Americans who Republicans had given city government jobs,and took over the black vote.Since that time Chicago's African-Americans have been represented exclusively by black politicians,and always lived in poverty.What made the black submachine of Chicago possible was that Chicago already had in place a Democratic Machine.Exploitation is promulgated by urban Democrats as a way to manipulate residents and keep themselves in power.What makes the American Urban Colonialism plan so revolutionary and ingenious is that it does not rely on agreements with foreign governments; the market price of iron ore,or cotton for profits;but on Federal benefit programs.These program dollars are infinitely more reliable and politically stable.Comprehension Questions:26.According to the essay,American cities lost white residents due to______________.a.white voter’s minority rule in the Republican partyb.the influx of European immigrantsc.the migratory nature of Americansd.ghettoization by African-Americans27.The essays convincingly demonstrates that_______________.a.power is more important than peopleb.white Americans are essentially racistc.the Civil War was fought for nothingd.slave trade determined the fate of ethnic minorities in American cities28.The Democratic Machine in Chicago provides incentives in the form of_______________.a.segregation of minoritiesb.high unemployment,single motherhood,and crimec.federal benefit programsd.negro wards29.Obama moved to Chicago because________________.a.the black submachine already had in place a Democratic Machineb.Chicago is the center for black politicsc.the Great Migration of directed African-Americans from the South to the Northd.Chicago is the most segregated city in America30.According to the author,American urban colonialism is the result of_______________.a.the ghettoization of African-American people in American citiesb.the segregation of minoritiesc.the political clientelism of the black submachined.western imperial colonialism in AfricaPassage3It is a well-known hypothesis that newborns can immediately identify the smell of their mother’s amniotic fluid;other than this one potential exception,taste in fragrance can be thought of as nurtured in totality by experience and influence.There is,of course,an argument that nature intervenes to temper a subject’s agency by inducing unfavorable reactions to harmful and poisonous materials that causes a negative olfactory association,for example,the smell of rotten food becoming linked to the experience of food poisoning.However,in most cases the process of deciding bad from good smells is controlled by societal(parental)censorship and its converse—public appreciation.This logic is akin to the French philosopher Louis Althusser’s theory of interpellation in relation to subjectivity and identity-making.For Althusser,human subjectivity (arguably comparable to consciousness itself)is a type of ideology.In Althusser’s view it is impossible to avoid the ideology of subjectivity and for this reason subjects are‘always already interpellated’,even before they are born.Althusser’s philosophy essentially argues that one cannot see oneself outside of ideology and one’s identity is formed by mirroring oneself in the ideology already present.In relation to(olfactory)taste-making,this is significant as taste can be thought of as a subset of subjectivity and therefore choosing a fragrance is an interpellating activity that paradoxically both affirms and displaces a subject’s sense of free agency.The hail comes from marketing and emotive retail experiences;the ideology that of personal enhancement;the moment of interpellation taking place at the point of sale.There are,in my opinion,pertinent links to be made between interpellation and the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan’s work on the mirror stage in infants.This is described by Lacan as the moment when a child sees themselves for the first time in a(conceptual)mirror,recognizes themselves as the image in the mirror,and dissociates the belief in a fragmented body with a visual wholeness threatened by literal and metaphorical fragmentation(of their own body/of the replication of their body in the mirror),resulting in a tension between the physical body and the imaged body.It is also the moment when the child is able to apperceive—the concept of seeing oneself outside of oneself as an object.In an attempt to alleviate this tension, Lacan argues that the child then fully identifies itself with the image,and as a result the Ego is formed through visual means,resulting in a temporary cognitive jubilation in the baby’s apparent mastery over its own image.As Althusser,Lacan sees the ideology of subjectivity as a prerequisite of a developed consciousness.Once this has happened,further understanding of self-presentation and self-fashioning can begin that govern one’s own identity-formation for the rest of life.Although babies are aware of the fragrance stimuli around them at a young age,including the peculiarities of smells produced by them,I would argue that the moment of what I term mature olfactory apperception happens much later than other forms of practical self-awareness and tends to occur around puberty when issues of olfactory urgency arise around bodily changes.I am arguing that the recognition of one’s own scent in a conceptual olfactory mirror at that moment in life gives rise to a strong sense of olfactory hierarchy and cements involuntary links between ideology and perfume.It is no coincidence then that so many fragrance-lovers comment that their interest developed around their teens.To explicate the term further,it can be reasoned that recognition of the difference between personal and external smells in babies in relation to subjectivity is fairly limited,just as is the understanding of the imaged self before the mirror stage.However,given that Lacan argues that the Ego is initially formed through cognitive contradictions in image,the sense of sight is given immediate priority over the other senses,as the baby comprehends the significance of its own bodily image through its presence in social situations.However,the significance of its own smellsis not a subject treated with as much codified authority and therefore little olfactory context is given to the subject.As one approaches puberty and begins to apperceive the idea of a personal whole scent as opposed to a fragmented olfactory reality scent is suddenly put into an important,codified, and relevant context—a context of‘them,me,dirty,clean,sexual’.This is the moment of mature olfactory apperception.Comprehension Questions:31.With the possible exception of an infant’s ability to identify the smell of the amniotic fluid,tastein fragrance is_________________.a.naturalb.artificialc.objectived.subjective32.Mature olfactory apperception is achieved at the moment of_________________.a.pubertyb.fully developed consciousness of one’s own scentc.full comprehension of the significance of one’s own bodily imaged.a visual wholeness threatened by literal and metaphorical fragmentation33.Personal style and choice of a fragrance can be seen as__________________.a.codified authorityb.a conceptual olfactory mirrorc.a subset of subjectivityd.a fragmented olfactory reality34.Apperception can be defined as the induction of the self as__________________.a.an objectb.a subjectc.an imaged.an ego35.According to the author,a teenager’s choice of perfume__________________.a.depends on him/herselfb.is conditioned by ideologyc.is decided by a codified authority.d.is decided by commercePassage4A Cyborg Manifesto is an essay written by Donna Haraway,in which the concept of the cyborg is a rejection of rigid boundaries,notably those separating“human”from“animal”and “human”from“machine”.She writes:“The cyborg does not dream of community on the model of the organic family,this time without the oedipal project.The cyborg would not recognize the Garden of Eden;it is not made of mud and cannot dream of returning to dust.”The Manifesto criticizes traditional notions of feminism,particularly feminist focuses on identity politics,and encouraging instead coalition through affinity.She uses the metaphor of a cyborg to urge feminists to move beyond the limitations of traditional gender,feminism,and politics.Marisa Olson summarized Haraway’s thoughts as a belief that there is no distinction between natural life and artificial man-made machines.Haraway begins the Manifesto by explaining three boundary breakdowns since the20th Century that have allowed for her hybrid,cyborg myth:the breakdown of boundaries between human and animal,animal-human and machine,and physical and non-physical.Evolution has blurred the lines between human and animal;20th Century machines have made ambiguous the lines between natural and artificial;and microelectronics and the politicalinvisibility of cyborgs have confused the lines of physicality.Haraway highlights the problematic use and justification of Western traditions like patriarchy,colonialism,essentialism,and naturalism (among others).These traditions in turn allow for the problematic formations of taxonomies and what Haraway explains as antagonistic dualisms that order Western discourse.These dualisms, Haraway states,have all been systematic to the logics and practices of domination of women, people of color,nature,workers,animals...all those constituted as others.However,high-tech culture provides a challenge to these antagonistic dualisms.Haraway’s cyborg theory rejects the notions of essentialism,proposing instead a chimeric,monstrous world of fusions between animal and machine.Cyborg theory relies on writing as“the technology of cyborgs”,as“cyborg politics is the struggle for language and the struggle against perfect communication,against the one code that translates all meaning perfectly,the central dogma of phallogocentrism”.Instead,Haraway’s cyborg calls for a non-essentialized,material-semiotic metaphor capable of uniting diffuse political coalitions along the lines of affinity rather than identity.Following Lacanian feminists such as Luce Irigaray,Haraway’s work addresses the chasm between feminist discourses and the dominant language of Western patriarchy.As Haraway explains,“grammar is politics by other means,”and effective politics require speaking in the language of domination.As she details in a chart of the paradigmatic shifts from modern to postmodern epistemology within the Manifesto,the unified human subject of identity has shifted to the hybridized posthuman of technoscience,from “representation”to“simulation,”“bourgeois novel”to“science fiction,”“reproduction”to “replication,”and“white capitalist patriarchy”to“informatics of domination.”While Haraway’s “ironic dream of a common language”is inspired by Irigaray’s argument for a discourse other than patriarchy,she rejects Irigaray’s essentializing construction of woman-as-not-male to argue for a linguistic community of situated,partial knowledges in which no one is innocent.Although Haraway's metaphor of the cyborg has been labelled as a post-gender statement,Haraway has clarified her stance on post-genderism in recent interviews.She acknowledges that her argument in the Manifesto seeks to challenge the necessity for categorization of gender,but does not correlate this argument to post-genderism.She clarifies this distinction because post-genderism is often associated with the discourse of the utopian concept of being beyond masculinity and femininity. Haraway notes that gender constructs are still prevalent and meaningful,but are troublesome and should therefore be eliminated as categories for identity.Comprehension Questions:36.According to the text,a cybernetic organism or cyborg must be understood as________________.a.a gender-neutral constructb.a robotc.a posthuman speculative beingd.neither organic nor inorganic37.Haraway poses that gender constructs should be eliminated as categories for identity because________________.a.the paradigmatic shifts from modern to postmodern epistemologyb.post-genderism is often associated with the discourse of the utopian conceptc.they pose an antagonistic dualismd.they pose a non-essential,material-semiotic metaphor38.According to Haraway manicheisms are in competition with one another,creating paradoxicalrelations of domination,particularly________________.a.God/manb.right/wrongc.self/otherd.one/other39.The cyborg is a________________.a.metaphorb.mechanical productc.animistic conceptanic hybrid40.A sonographic fetus would in many ways be the ultimate cyborg because_______________.a.it is“created”in a space of virtualityb.it is neither male nor femalec.it is simultaneously human and animald.it is politically invisible请将以下题目的答案填写在答题纸上。
2017年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2017年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Research marches onward, but we’re still______something as simple as the flu.A．in the course ofB．with the exception ofC．on the brink ofD．at the mercy of正确答案：D解析：本题考查介词短语的含义。
A在……过程中；B除……之外；C在……的边缘；D任凭……摆布。
该句的大意为：研究不曾止步，而我们对类似流感这般简单的疾病仍然难以控制。
2．Although there are plans to ______ additional pensions, this will not affect anyone retiring before 1998 and will only marginally affect those retiring by 2009.A．break downB．scale downC．boil downD．narrow down正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词短语的含义。
A故障，分解；B缩减；C归结到；D缩小范围。
该句的大意为：尽管有计划缩减额外退休金数额，但是这并不会影响于1998年前退休的职工，也仅仅会对2009年退休职工造成很小的影响。
3．Parents often fall into the trap of offering other food in order to______the child to eat.A．temptB．manipulateC．incenseD．escort正确答案：A解析：本题考查动词的含义。
2017年西南大学博士入学考试英语试题+答案解析
西南大学2017年博士入学考试英语试题Part I:Grammar and Vocabulary(20%)Directions:There are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1.The conference chairman made a_______statement before beginning the main business of the afternoon session.A.interestingB.renewableC.reversibleD.preliminary2.Doing research will be much easier if you have someone to bounce ideas off and to give you_______in the entire process.A.rewardB.insuranceC.interestD.feedback3.The_______that she suggested for discussion were based on the most recent medical research.A.contributionsB.occupationsC.expostulationsD.amendment4.Malaysia and Indonesia rely much on open markets for forest and fishery products.______, some Asian countries are highly protectionist.A.DeliberatelyB.ConverselyC.EvidentlyD.Naturally5.Such an approach forces the managers to communicate with one another and helps_____ rigid departmental boundaries.A.pass overB.stand forC.break downD.set off6.According to legal provisions,the properties will either______the original owner or else be sold at auction.mit toB.back toC.proceed toD.revert to7.To everyone's surprise,the woman candidate from a small party______the poll in the first round of voting.A.eclipsedB.outshinedC.toppedD.deprived8.The protest went ahead despite government assurances that they would press for_____with the neighboring country in the issuing of visas.A.reciprocityB.show-offC.pay offD.intimacy9.As a teenager,I was______by a blind passion for a film star I would never meet in my life.A.pursuedB.seducedC.consumedD.guaranteed10.The summer session in Georgetown University was a really wonderful occasion which we will______for many years to come.A.discountB.acquitC.cherishD.blur11.She is a very original comedian and can_______laughs out of any audience.A.sufferB.wringC.induceD.infect12.Before the bank was willing to lend him money,it had to______that he was the true owner of the house.A.verifyB.entrustC.acknowledgeD.grant13.It is in vain to say the enlightened statesmen will be able to adjust these clashing interest, and______them all subservient to the public good.A.conformB.causeC.tameD.render14.His originality as a composer is_______by the following group of songs.A.exemplifiedB.createdC.performedD.realize15.When I asked if a black politician could win in France,however,he responded________.“No conditions here are different.”A.ambiguouslyB.implicitlyC.unhesitatinglyD.optimistically16.It is unfair to______from these two incidents and say that all young men are reckless drivers.A.deduceB.generalizeC.minimizeD.transfer17.They are going to London,but their_______destination is Rome.A.ultimateB.primeC.nextD.cardinal18.I_________the minister's figures-the true cost of the project is much higher.A.contendB.agreeC.disputeD.disagree19.She refused to let the injury keep her from_______her goal of being in the Olympics.A.detainingB.attainingC.screwingD.sifting20.The poor old man was________with diabetes and without proper medical treatment he would lose his eyesight and become crippled very soon.A.sufferedB.afflictedC.inducedD.infectedPart II:Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this section there are3passages followed by questions or unfinished statements,each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answer on your answer sheet.Text1We began with an experiment.The man asked me to make a drawing on a blank piece of paper.I made a sketch of a creature I had invented some time ago to amuse my children. When I had finished,he asked me to cover the drawing with my hand.Then he asked me to concentrate hard and to try to transmit the thought of what I had sketched A minute went by with no result.He shook his head."it seems very complicated:is it a kind of amoeba?"" Slowly and hesitantly he began to draw the creature's right ear-the spot where I've always begin the drawing."you've got it."I said."Go on!"He completed the drawing quickly.I had carefully redrawn the picture in my mind as I tried to transmit it—which probably accounts for the identical starting point.The man then demonstrated other power.He made the hands of my watch turn back two hours and the date go forward two days by stroking a coin placed over its face,explaining afterward that he derives power from metal.He had a little trouble trying to break my car key. However,he placed it against a metal radiator,and after a few seconds,said,“It is starting to go.The key snapped in two.Then he tried to transmit a picture to me by telepathy.I attempted to make my mind receptive,but no image came into it.Feeling rather embarrassed,I just drew the first thing that came into my head:check mark.The man showed me the piece of paper he was holding. It contained a mirror image of the symbol I had drawn.It could be significant in this connection that the man is left-handed.After I left the room,I began to sift my impressions.Only the day before,an acquaintance had warned me to watch carefully for sleight-of-hand tricks,especially as the man had earlier been a stage conjuror.I had to admit that most of the things had done could have been tricks.For instance,snapping the keys with his fingers and altering the hands and date on my watch with the winder would have been well within the ability of a skilled conjuror.But how could he have faked the drawing of what I had drawn?And if that feat was due to genuine telepathic power,the other demonstrations could also be genuine.1.In line11,“derives”most nearly means________.A.obtainsB.infersC.connectsD.traces2.It can be inferred from lines19-25that the telepathist's demonstrations would appear most convincing to a critical observer if the telepathist were to________.A.provide more information about his backgroundB.critique the performances of other telepathistC.perform in a rigorously controlled environmentD.talk about what he is doing as he performs3.The"acquaintance"mentioned in line19can best be described as a_______.A.skepticB.hypocriteC.hoaxerD.confidant4.Which phrase best characterizes the author's general attitude in this passage?plete indifferentB.righteous indignationC.cynical amusementD.guarded acceptanceText2In the future the little privacy we now have will be gone.Some people call this loss of privacy"Orwellian",harking back to1984.George Orwell's classic work on privacy and autonomy.In that book,Orwell imagined a future in which a totalitarian state used spies, video surveillance,and control over the media to maintain its power.But the age of monolithic state control is over.The future we're rushing toward isn't one in which our every move is watched and recorded by an all-known government.It is instead a future of a hundred electronic monitors who constantly watch and interrupt our daily lives,and where threats to privacy find their roots in the free market,advanced technology,and the unbridled exchange of electronic information.The problem with the word"privacy'"is that it falls short of conveying the really big picture.Privacy isn't just about hiding things.It's about self-possession,autonomy,and integrity.As we move into the computerized world of the21century,privacy will be one of our most important civil rights.But this right of privacy isn't the right of people to close their doors and pull down their window shades-perhaps because they want to engage in some sort of illicit or illegal activity.It's the right of people to control which details about their lives stay inside their own houses and which leak to the outside.Today's war on privacy is intimately related to the recent dramatic advances in technology.Many people today say that in order to enjoy the benefits of modern society,we must necessarily relinquish some degree of privacy.If we want the convenience of paying for a meal by credit card,then we must accept the routine collection of our purchases in a large database over which we have no control.This trade-off is both unnecessary and wrong.It reminds me of another crisis our society faced back in the fifties and sixties-the environmental crisis.Then,advocates of big business said that poisoned rivers and lakes were the necessary costs of economic development,jobs, and an improved standard of living.Poison was progress:anybody who argued otherwise simply didn't understand the facts.Today we know better.Today we know that sustainable economic development depends on preserving the environment.Similarly,in order to reap the benefits of technology.It is more important than ever for us to use technology to protect personal freedom.5.The passage indicates that privacy is_________.A.less valued by people than it once wasB.difficult to maintain in the contemporary worldC.necessary for individual freedom.a stumbling block to economic growth6.In line18,the underlined"degree”most nearly means________.A.stageB.sequenceC.measureD.standing7.Lines18-20("If we….control")primarily serve to_______.A.introduce an additional pointB.discourage a course of actionC.question a decision D illustrate a preceding statement8.The statements in lines24-25("poison..facts")is intended to represent the point of view of ______.A.big businessB.environmentC.the authorD.the public9.The passage concludes by suggesting that if technology is to have a positive effect on people’s lives,then________.A.individual rights must be expandedB.protective measures must be takenC.technological advances must be supportedD.further research must be found10.The author supports the idea that privacy can be protected________.A.at a modest cost to most businessB.with the help of new technologiesC.without giving up valued servicesD.through appropriate government interventionsText3One of the pleasantest things in the world is going on a journey:but I like to do it myself can enjoy society in a room,but out of doors,nature is company for me.I am then never less alone than when alone.I cannot see the wit of walking and talking at the same time.When I am in the country,I wish to vegetate like the country.I like solitude,when I give myself up to it,for the sake of solitude;nor do I ask for"a friend in my retreat,whom I may whisper sweet.""Give me the clear blue sky over my head,and the green turf beneath my feet,a winding road before me,and a three hours'march to dinner and I begin to feel,think,and be myself again.Instead of an awkward silence,broken by attempts at wit or dull commonplaces, mine is that undisturbed silence of the heart which alone is perfect eloquence.Others have different opinions."Let me have a companion of myself:says the novelist Lawrence Sterne,"were it but to remark how the shadows lengthen as the sun declines"It is beautifully said:but in my opinion,this continual comparing of notes interferes with the involuntary impression of things upon the mind and dilutes the experience.If you have to explain what you feel,it is making a tool of a pleasure.You cannot read the book of nature without being perpetually put to the trouble of translating it for the benefit of others.There is one subject on which it is pleasant to talk on a journey.I grant,and that is.What one shall have for supper when we get to our inn at night.Every mile of the road heightens the flavor of the meal we expect at the end of it.How fine is it to enter some old town,walled and turreted,just at approach of nightfall,or to come to some straggling village,with the lights steaming through the surrounding gloom;and then after inquiring for the best entertainment that the place affords,"to take one's ease at one's inn!""These eventful moments in our lives history are too precious,too full of solid,heart-felt happiness to be frittered and dribbled away in solitude.11.The author of the passage would agree with which of the following statements about traveling alone?A.Its enjoyment is largely a matter of personal inclinationB.Its difficulties are easily underestimated by inexperienced traveler.C.It enables one to make much better time than when traveling with a companionD.It is not as much fun as traveling with another person12.The statement in lines2-3(I am…alone")is an example of_________.A.an apologyB.a metaphorC.a paradoxD.a euphemism13.Sterne mentions"the shadows(line11)as an example of a________.A.specialized insight that only a seasoned traveler can bring to bear on a situationB.observation that travelers might enjoy sharing nonethelessC.thoughtless comment that travelers are apt to make to their guidesD.beautiful sight that cannot be communicated accurately to those who do not travel frequently14.In the last paragraph of this passage,the author does which of the following?A.admits to a sudden change of heartB.notes an exception to a previously stated preferenceC.expresses regret about an overly sweeping generalizationD.points out a common misconception15.The physical description of the"town"(line18)and"village”(line19)primarily convey a sense of__________.A.foreboding isolationB.rural povertyC.eccentric customD.provincial charmPart III:English to Chinese Translation(15%)Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.One advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid word is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition.In most work success is measured by income and while our capitalistic society continues,this is inevitable.It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural to apply.The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for extra comforts that a higher income can provide.However dull work may be,it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation,whether in the world at large or only in one's own circle.In this respect those women whose lives are occupied with housework are much less fortunate than men,or than women who work outside the home.The domesticated wife does not receive wages,has no means of bettering herself,and is valued by her husband not for her housework but for other qualities.Of course,this does not apply to those women who are sufficiently well-to-do to make beautiful houses and beautiful gardens and become the envy of their neighbors;but such women are comparatively few,and for the great majority housework cannot bring as much as satisfaction as work of other kinds brings to men and to professional women.Part IV:Chinese to English Translation(15%)Directions:Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.朋友来访，站在我的书橱前流连忘返，见他一副痴迷的样子，我故作豪爽地说：“喜欢看什么说就先拿去吧。
贵州师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题(2017年)
贵州师范大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
Part 11[. Vocabulary (20%),Directions: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.31. To qualify for such a position, the native would first have to receive specialized training, and thisis____A) refused B) discouragedC) denied D) forbidden32. The little girl wore a very thin coat. A sudden gust of cold wind made her____A) whirl B) shiftC) shiver D) shake33. Presently, there are nine teachers in my team, who have____the task of teaching advanced English tomore than 500 non-English majors.A) inclined B) hesitatedC) afforded D) undertaken34. The press demands that politicians____the sources of their income.A) betray B) concealC) disclose D) renew35. Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a m with a strong____A) philosophy B) idealismC) morality D) personality36. One new____to learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context.A) approach B) solutionC) manner D) road37. To maintain public____is not only the policemen's duty but f every citizen's responsibility.A) custom B) confidenceC) security D) simplicity38. All was dark in the district except for a candle____through th curtains in one of houses.A) glimmering B)glitteringC) flaming D) blazing39. One of the stands____and dozens of people were either killer or injured.A) destroyed B) collapsedC) corroded D) ruined40. "Me, afraid of him?" he said with a(n) ____smile, "Not me!"A) contemptible B) amusingC) contagious D) contemptuous41. He will simply no listen to anybody; he is____to argument.A) impervious B) imperceptibleC) impassable D) blunt42. Stop asking all these personal questions! It is bad manners to beA) inquisitive B) impatientC) acquisitive D) informative43. He____between life and death for a few days but then he pul:A) hovered B) lurchedC) wavered D) fluctuated44. We are prepared to satisfy all your____claimA} legitimate B) legibleC) intimate D) legislative45. There is not a Greek word which is the exact____of the English word ' stile'.A) equivalent B) copyC) counterpart D) meaning46. The prizes will be____at the end of the school year.A) distributed B) attributedC) granted D) contributed47. During our stay in Paris we were splendidly____by the Italian Ambassador.A) sustained B) maintainedC) retained D) entertained48. On leaving, we thanked him most warmly for the hospitality____to us and our friends.A) extended B) expandedC) expended D) awarded49. If the dispute is not settled in a(n) ____ way soon, the two countries will certainly go to war.A) amiable B) amicableC) inimical D) unfriendly50, If I may be so____as to advise you, my opinion is that you should not reply to his letter.A) generous B) humbleC) proud D) bold51. If you take a(n) ____course like her you can learn English in less than two years.A) intensive B) extensiveC) expansive D) retentive52. After a year's hard work I think I am____to a long holiday. 10,A) entailed B) deservedC) entitled D) satisfied53. Thousands of people____from Greece every year to work in West Germany.A) emigrate B) leaveC) abandon D) immigrate54, lie was a member of the Hillary____that conquered MountEverest.A) mission B) invasionC) experiment D) expedition55. It was my sad duty to____the news of John's death to his family.A) submit B) breakC) say D) proclaim56. He____himself as a war correspondent in Vietnam.A) discerned B) distinguishedC) discriminated D) extinguished57. She____his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.A) inclined B) declinedC) denied D) disinclined58. He was____with attempted robbery and held in custody..A) accused B) prosecutedC) charged D) arrested59. What the witness said in court was not____with the statement he made to the police.A) prevalent B) relevantC) consistent D) coincident60. Molly has always beep a(n) ____child; she becomes ill easily.A) delicate B) gloomyC) energetic D) confident61. There are some very beautifully____glass windows in the church.A) designed B) drawnC) marked D) stained62. The man who never tries anything new is a(n) ____on the wheels of progress.A) obstacle B) brakeC) break D) block63. There is a sale at Hamfridge's next week with____in all departments.A) decreases B) subtractionsC) reductions D) accounts64. Doctors have long known that if a patient is____that he will recover and is treated with sympathy, his painwill often disappear.A) assumed B) assuredC) informed D) proved65: Although most birds have only a____sense of smell, they have acute vision.A} genuine.B) negativeC) negligible D) condensed66. We are sorry to say that Mary is not the very person who can be____with either money or secret information.A）entrusted B) committedC)consigned D) assigned67. If you never review your lessons, you will only have yourself to____if you fail in your examination.A) complain B) blameC) mistake D) fault68. We were four scores left behind with five minutes to go, so the game looked completely____A) irresistible B) irremissibleC} irreplaceable D) irretrievable69. Had the explosion broken out, the passagers in the plane should have been killed, for it was____timedwith the plane's take-off.A) spontaneously B) instantaneouslyC} simultaneously D) conscientiously70. The two witnesses who saw the shootings were able to____who hard fired first.A) encounter B) highlightC} testify D) identifyPart III. Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30 points)Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. He was standing a t the edge of one of the tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside hiui,and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the word `More?'The astonished astronomer went -to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.`Oh, yes: That's one of the words he knows,' the director said, showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, andit has been known for a long time that they can make a number o€ sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster ,and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a `language' in the real sense of the word? Scientists don't agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure, or what we call a grammar. The grammar of a language helps to give it meaning. For example, the two questions `Who loves Mary?' and `Who does Mary love?' mean different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesn't come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question `Can dolphins speak?' can't be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in ways which affect their meaning.71. The dolphin leapt into the air becauseA) Sagan had turned his backB) it was part of the game they were playingC) he wanted Sagan to scratch him againD) Sagan wanted him to do this72. When Sagan told the director about what the dolphin had done, the directorA) didn't seem to think it was unusualB) thought Sagan was jokingC) told Sagan about other words the dolphin knewD) asked him if he knew other words73. Dolphins' brains are particularly well-developed toA) help them to travel fast in waterB) arrange sounds in different structuresC) respond to different kinds of soundD) communicate with humans through sound74. The sounds we call words can be called a language only ifA) each sound has a different meaningB) each sound is different from the otherC) there is a system of writingD) they have a structure or grammar（2）Married people live "happily ever after" in fairy tales, but they do so less and less often in real life. 1, like many of my friends, got married, divorced, and remarried. I suppose, to some people, I'm a failure. After all, I broke my first solemn promise to "love and cherish until death us do part." But I feel that I'm finally a success. I learned from the mistakes I made in my first marriage. This time around, the ways my husband and I share our free time, make decisions, and deal with problems are very different.I learned, first of all, not to be a clinging vine (依赖男子的妇女) . In my first marriage, I felt the every moment we spent apart was wasted. If Ray wanted to go out to a bar with his friends to watch a football game, I felt rejected and talked him into staying home. I wouldn't accept an offer to go to a movie or join an exercise class it' it meant that Ray would be home alone. I realize now that we were often angry with each other just because we spent too much time together. In contrast, my second husband and I spend some of our tree time apart and try to have interests of our own. I have started playing racquetball at a health club, and David sometimes takes off to go to the local auto races with his friends. When we are together, we aren't bored with each other; our separate interests make us more interesting people.I learned not only to be apart sometimes but also to work together when it's time to make decisions. When Ray and I were married, I left all the important decisions to him. He decided how we would spend money, whether we should sell the car or fix it, and where to take a vacation. I know now that I went along with this so that I wouldn't have to take the responsibility when things went wrong. I could always end an argument by saying, "It was your fault!" With my second marriage, I am trying to be a full partner. We ask each other's opinions on major decisions and try to compromise if we disagree. If we make the wrong choice, we're equally guilty. When we rented an apartment, for example, we both had to take the blame fornot noticing the drafty windows and the "no pets" clause in our lease.Maybe the most important thing I've learned is to be a grown-up about facing problems. David and i have made a vow to face our troubles like adults. If we're mad at each other or worried and upset, we say how we feel. Rather than hide behind our own misery, we talk about the problem until we discover how to fix it. Everybody argues or has to deal with the occasional crisis, but Ray and I always reacted like children to these stormy times. I would lock myself in the spare bedroom. Ray would stalk out of the house, slam the door, and race off in the car. Then I would cry and worry till he returned.I wish that my first marriage hadn't been the place where I learned how to make a relationship work, but at least I did learn. 1 feel better now about being an independent person, about making decisions, and about facing problems. My second marriage isn't perfect, but it doesn't have the deep flaws that made the first one fall apart.75. Which of the following has contributed to the writer's divorce?A) Her former husband went out to watch football games.B) She started to play racquetball at a health club.C) They spent too much time together and got bored with each other.D) They spent so little time together that they could not talk to each other.76. It can be learned from the passage that the writer, in her first marriage,A) took less responsibility than she should for major decisionB) tool: the same responsibility as her husbandC) took more blame when things went wrongD) felt equally guilty when things went wrong77. Which of the following that the author should have said when she quarrelled with her former husband but she did not.A) "It was your fault!"B) "Maybe you're right."C) "It's none of your business."D) "It's none of my business."78. All the problems between the writer and David can be resolved becauseA) they hide their feelingsB) they lock themselves in their bedroomC) they have promised not to be mad at each otherD) they dare to face them79, The writer's second marriage is different from the first one in all the following ways exceptA) that they share their free timeB) that they make their decisions togetherC) that they talk to each otherD) that they deal with their troubles together80. The best title for the passage isA) First MarriageB) Second MarriageC) DivorceD) Perfect Marriage（3）Classified Advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as "Help Wanted", "Real Estate," "Lost and Found" are made, the rate charged being less than that for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser. The reader who, is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertiser may, on this account, use a very small advertisement that would be lost if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper.It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary,the advertiser does not need to rely to much extent on display type to get the reader's attention.Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is vying with others in the same group for the reader's attention. In many cases the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way the classified advertisement has in reality become a display advertisement. This is particularly true of realestate advertising.81. Classified advertising is different to display advertising becauseA) all advertisements of a certain type are grouped togetherB) it is more distinguishedC) it is more expensiveD) nowadays the classified advertisements are all of the same size82. One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement isA) house for saleB) people who are asking for helpC) people who are lostD) real antiques for sale83. What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisements, according to thewriter?A) They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.B) They are looking for something they need.C) They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.D) They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.84. What does the writer say about the classified advertisements that used to be put in the papers?A) They used to be voluntary.B) They used to use display type.C) They were all the same size.D) They were more formal.85. Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance, according to the writer?A) Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.B) Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.C）Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be smaller now.D) Because there are more advertisements now and more competition amongst advertisers. .（4）Mr Abu, the laboratory attendant, came in from the adjoining store and briskly cleaned the blackboard. He was a retired African sergeant from the Army Medical Corps and was feared by the boys. If he caught any of them in any petty thieving, he offered them the choice of a hard smack on the bottom or of being reported to the science masters. Most boys chose the former as they knew the matter would end there with no long interviews, moral arguments and an entry in the conduct book.The science master, a man called Vernier, stepped in and stood on his small platform. Vernier set the experiments for the day and demonstrated them, then retired behind the "Church Times" which he read seriously in between walking quickly along the rows of laboratory benches, advising boys. It was a simple heat experiment to show that a dark surface gave out more heat by radiation than a bright surface.During the class, Vernier was called away to the telephone and Abu was not about, having retired to the lavatory for a smoke. As soon as a posted guard announced that he was out of sight, minor pandemonium ('N k) broke out. Some of the boys raided the store. The wealthier ones took rubber tubing to make catapults and to repair bicycles, and helped themselves to chemicals for developing photographic films. The poorer boys,with a more determined aim, took only things of strict commercial interst which could be sold easily in the market. They emptied stuff into bottles in their pockets. Soda for making soap, magnesium sulphate for opening medicine, salt for cooking, liquid paraffin for women's hairdressing, and fine yellow iodoform powder much in demand for sprinkling on sores. Kojo objected mildly to all this. "Oh, shut up!" a few boys said. Sorie, a huge boy who always wore a fez indoors, commanded respect and some leadership in the class. He was gently drinking his favourite mixture of diluted alcohol and bicarbonate----which he called "gin and fizz"----from a beaker. "Look here, Kojo, you are getting out of hand. What do you think our parents pay taxes and school fees for? For us to enjoy----or to buy a new car every year for Simpson? " The other boys laughed. Simpson was the European headmaster, feared by the small boys, adored by the boys in the middle school, and liked, in a critical fashion, with reservations, by some of the senior boys and African masters. He had a passion for new motor-cars, buying one yearly."Come to think of it," Sorie continued to Kojo, "you must take something yourself, then we'll know we are safe," "Yes, you must," the other boys insisted. Kojo gave in and, unwillingly, took a little nitrate for some gunpowder experiments which he was carrying out at home. "Someone!" the look-out called.The boys ran back to their seats in a moment. Sorie washed out his mouth, at the sink with some water.Mr Abu, the laboratory attendant, entered and observed the innocent expression on the faces of thewhole class. He looked round fiercely and suspiciously, and then sniffed the air. It was a physicsexperiment, but the place smelled chemical. However, Vemier came in then. After asking if anyonewas in difficulties, and finding that no one could in a moment think up anything, he retired to hischair and settled down to an article on Christian reunion.86, The boys were afraid of Mr Abu becauseA) he had been an Army sergeant and had military ideas of disciplineB) he reported them to the Science masters whenever he caught them petty thievingC) he was cruelD) he believed in strict discipline87. When the boys were caught petty thieving, they usually chose to be beaten by Mr Abu becauseA) he gave them only one hard smack instead of the six from their teachersB) they did not want to get a bad reputation with their teachersC) they were afraid of their science mastersD) his punishment was quicker than their teachers'88. Some boys took chemicals like soda and iodoform powder becauseA) they liked to set up stalls in the marked and sell things, like tradersB) they were too poor to buy things like soap and medicineC) they wanted money and could sell such things quicklyD) they needed things like soap and medicine for sores89. A big difference between Kojo and Sorie was thatA) Kojo took chemicals for some useful experiment but Sorie only wasted his in making an alcoholicdrink.B) Sorie was rich but Kojo was poorC) Kojo had a guilty conscience but Sorie did notD) when Kojo objected. Sorie proved that what they were doing was reasonable90. On entering the laboratory, Mr Abu was immediately suspicious becauseA) the whole class was looking so innocentB) he was a suspicious man by natureC) there was no teacher in the roomD) he could smell chemicals and he knew it was a physics lesson ,（5）Alison closed the door of her small flat and put down her briefcase. As usual, she had brought some work home from the travel agency. She wanted to have a quick bite to eat and then, after spending a few hours working, she was looking forward to watching television or listening to some music:.She was just about to start preparing her dinner when there was a knock at the door. `Uli, no! Who on earth could that be?' she muttered to herself. She went to the door and opened it just wide enough to see who it was. A man of about sixty was standing there. It took her a moment before she realized who he was. He lived in the flat below. They had passed each other on the stairs once or twice, and had nodded to each other but never really spoken.`Uh, sorry to bother you, but ...uh...there's something I'd like to talk to you about,' he mumbled. He had a long, thin face and two big front teeth that made him look rather like a rabbit. Alison hesitated, but then,opening the door wide, asked him to come in. It was then that she noticed the dog. She hated dogs----particularly big ones. This one was a very old, very fat bulldog. The man had already bone into her small living-room and, without being asked, he sat down on the sofa. The dog followed him in and climbed up on the sofa next to him, breathing heavily. She stared at it. It stared back.The man coughed. `Uh, do you mind if I smoke?' he asked. Before she could ask him not to, he had taken out a cigarette and lit it.`I'll tell you why I've come. I ...I hope you won't be offended but, well ...,' he began and then stopped. Suddenly his face went red. His whole body began to shake. Then another cough exploded from somewhere deep inside him. Still coughing, he took out a grey, dirty-looking handkerchief and spat into it. Afterwards he put the cigarette back into his mouth and inhaled deeply. As he did so, some ash fell on the carpet.The man looked around the room. He seemed to have forgotten what he wanted to say. Alison glanced at her watch and wondered when he would get to the point. She waited.'Nice place you've got here,' he said at last.91. How do you think Alison felt when she heard the knock at the door?A) Afraid .B) Irritated.C) Pleased. D) Curious.92. Who was the man at the door?A) Someone from work.B) A friend who needed advice.C) A complete stranger.D) A neighbour she hardly knew.93. What do you think Alison said to herself when she saw the dog?A) ' I wish he wouldn't bring that dog in here.'B) `Oh, what a nice dog?'C) 'What's wrong with that poor dog?'D) 'I'm sure I've seen that dog before somewhere.'94. What happened after the man asked if he could smoke?A) Alison offended him by asking him not to.B) He went ahead without waiting for an answer.C) He began to smoke but then put the cigarette out.D) He took out his cigarettes but did to light one.95. Why did he want to talk to her?A) We are not told.B) He wanted to tell her how nice her flat was.C) He wanted to introduce himself.D) She had done something to offend him.（6）Even in fresh water sharks hunt and kill. The Thresher shark, capable of lifting a small boat out of the water, has been sighted a mile inland on the Fowey River in Cornwall. Killer sharks swim rivers to reach Lake Nicaragua in Central America; they average one human victim each year.Sewage and garbage attract sharks inland. When floods carry garbage to the rivers they provide a rich diet which sometimes stimulates an epidemic of shark attacks. Warm water generally provides shark food, and a rich diet inflames the shark's aggression.In British waters sharks usually swim peacefully between ten and twenty miles offshore where warm water currents fatten mackerel and pilchards for their food. But the shark is terrifyingly unpredictable. One seaman was severely mauled ()jV) as far north as Wick in Scotland. Small boats have been attacked in the English Channel, Irish Sea and North Sea.Most of the legends about sharks are founded in ugly fact. Even a relatively small shark ---- a 200 lb.2ambesi----can sever a man's leg with one bite. Sharks have up to seven rows of teeth and as one front tooth is damaged or lost another moves forward to take its place. The shark never sleeps. Unlike most fish, it has no air bladder, and it must move constantly to avoid sinking. It is a primitive creature, unchanged for sixty millionyears of evolution. Its skin is without the specialised scales of a fish. Fully grown, it still has five pairs of separate gills like a three-week. human embryo.But it is a brilliantly efficient machine. Its skin carries nerve endings which can detect vibrations from fish'Moving several miles away. Its sense of smell, the function of most of its brain, can detect one part in 600,000 of tuna fish juice in water, or the blood of a fish or animal from a quarter of a male away. It is colour blind, and sees best in deep water, but it can distinguish shapes and patterns of light and shade easily. Once vibrations and smell have placed its prey the shark sees well enough to home in by vision for the last fifty feet.The shark eats almost anything. It will gobble old tin cans and broken bottles as well as fish, animals and humans. Beer bottles, shoes, wrist watches, car number plates, overcoats and other sharks have been found in dead sharks. Medieval records tell of entire human corpses still encased in armour.The United States military advice on repelling sharks is to stay clothed----sharks go for exposed flesh; especially the feet. Smooth swimming at the surface is essential. Frantic splashing will simply attract sharks, and dropping below the surface makes the swimmer an easy target. If the shark gets close, then is the time to kick, thrash and hit out. A-direct hit on the snout; gills. or eyes will drive away most sharks. The exception is the Great White shark. It simply kills you.96. It is less common to find sharks iiiA) salt waterB) fresh waterC) warm waterD) deep water97. Why do sharks normally swim between ten and twenty miles off the coast of Britain?A) They prefer warm water to cold water.B) They see best in deep water.C) They are afraid of man.D) That is where their food is.98. Why does the shark never stop moving?A) It never sleeps.B) It can only smell when moving.。
2017年西南大学博士入学考试英语试题+答案解析
西南大学2017年博士入学考试英语试题Part I:Grammar and Vocabulary(20%)Directions:There are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1.The conference chairman made a_______statement before beginning the main business of the afternoon session.A.interestingB.renewableC.reversibleD.preliminary2.Doing research will be much easier if you have someone to bounce ideas off and to give you_______in the entire process.A.rewardB.insuranceC.interestD.feedback3.The_______that she suggested for discussion were based on the most recent medical research.A.contributionsB.occupationsC.expostulationsD.amendment4.Malaysia and Indonesia rely much on open markets for forest and fishery products.______, some Asian countries are highly protectionist.A.DeliberatelyB.ConverselyC.EvidentlyD.Naturally5.Such an approach forces the managers to communicate with one another and helps_____ rigid departmental boundaries.A.pass overB.stand forC.break downD.set off6.According to legal provisions,the properties will either______the original owner or else be sold at auction.mit toB.back toC.proceed toD.revert to7.To everyone's surprise,the woman candidate from a small party______the poll in the first round of voting.A.eclipsedB.outshinedC.toppedD.deprived8.The protest went ahead despite government assurances that they would press for_____with the neighboring country in the issuing of visas.A.reciprocityB.show-offC.pay offD.intimacy9.As a teenager,I was______by a blind passion for a film star I would never meet in my life.A.pursuedB.seducedC.consumedD.guaranteed10.The summer session in Georgetown University was a really wonderful occasion which we will______for many years to come.A.discountB.acquitC.cherishD.blur11.She is a very original comedian and can_______laughs out of any audience.A.sufferB.wringC.induceD.infect12.Before the bank was willing to lend him money,it had to______that he was the true owner of the house.A.verifyB.entrustC.acknowledgeD.grant13.It is in vain to say the enlightened statesmen will be able to adjust these clashing interest, and______them all subservient to the public good.A.conformB.causeC.tameD.render14.His originality as a composer is_______by the following group of songs.A.exemplifiedB.createdC.performedD.realize15.When I asked if a black politician could win in France,however,he responded________.“No conditions here are different.”A.ambiguouslyB.implicitlyC.unhesitatinglyD.optimistically16.It is unfair to______from these two incidents and say that all young men are reckless drivers.A.deduceB.generalizeC.minimizeD.transfer17.They are going to London,but their_______destination is Rome.A.ultimateB.primeC.nextD.cardinal18.I_________the minister's figures-the true cost of the project is much higher.A.contendB.agreeC.disputeD.disagree19.She refused to let the injury keep her from_______her goal of being in the Olympics.A.detainingB.attainingC.screwingD.sifting20.The poor old man was________with diabetes and without proper medical treatment he would lose his eyesight and become crippled very soon.A.sufferedB.afflictedC.inducedD.infectedPart II:Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this section there are3passages followed by questions or unfinished statements,each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answer on your answer sheet.Text1We began with an experiment.The man asked me to make a drawing on a blank piece of paper.I made a sketch of a creature I had invented some time ago to amuse my children. When I had finished,he asked me to cover the drawing with my hand.Then he asked me to concentrate hard and to try to transmit the thought of what I had sketched A minute went by with no result.He shook his head."it seems very complicated:is it a kind of amoeba?"" Slowly and hesitantly he began to draw the creature's right ear-the spot where I've always begin the drawing."you've got it."I said."Go on!"He completed the drawing quickly.I had carefully redrawn the picture in my mind as I tried to transmit it—which probably accounts for the identical starting point.The man then demonstrated other power.He made the hands of my watch turn back two hours and the date go forward two days by stroking a coin placed over its face,explaining afterward that he derives power from metal.He had a little trouble trying to break my car key. However,he placed it against a metal radiator,and after a few seconds,said,“It is starting to go.The key snapped in two.Then he tried to transmit a picture to me by telepathy.I attempted to make my mind receptive,but no image came into it.Feeling rather embarrassed,I just drew the first thing that came into my head:check mark.The man showed me the piece of paper he was holding. It contained a mirror image of the symbol I had drawn.It could be significant in this connection that the man is left-handed.After I left the room,I began to sift my impressions.Only the day before,an acquaintance had warned me to watch carefully for sleight-of-hand tricks,especially as the man had earlier been a stage conjuror.I had to admit that most of the things had done could have been tricks.For instance,snapping the keys with his fingers and altering the hands and date on my watch with the winder would have been well within the ability of a skilled conjuror.But how could he have faked the drawing of what I had drawn?And if that feat was due to genuine telepathic power,the other demonstrations could also be genuine.1.In line11,“derives”most nearly means________.A.obtainsB.infersC.connectsD.traces2.It can be inferred from lines19-25that the telepathist's demonstrations would appear most convincing to a critical observer if the telepathist were to________.A.provide more information about his backgroundB.critique the performances of other telepathistC.perform in a rigorously controlled environmentD.talk about what he is doing as he performs3.The"acquaintance"mentioned in line19can best be described as a_______.A.skepticB.hypocriteC.hoaxerD.confidant4.Which phrase best characterizes the author's general attitude in this passage?plete indifferentB.righteous indignationC.cynical amusementD.guarded acceptanceText2In the future the little privacy we now have will be gone.Some people call this loss of privacy"Orwellian",harking back to1984.George Orwell's classic work on privacy and autonomy.In that book,Orwell imagined a future in which a totalitarian state used spies, video surveillance,and control over the media to maintain its power.But the age of monolithic state control is over.The future we're rushing toward isn't one in which our every move is watched and recorded by an all-known government.It is instead a future of a hundred electronic monitors who constantly watch and interrupt our daily lives,and where threats to privacy find their roots in the free market,advanced technology,and the unbridled exchange of electronic information.The problem with the word"privacy'"is that it falls short of conveying the really big picture.Privacy isn't just about hiding things.It's about self-possession,autonomy,and integrity.As we move into the computerized world of the21century,privacy will be one of our most important civil rights.But this right of privacy isn't the right of people to close their doors and pull down their window shades-perhaps because they want to engage in some sort of illicit or illegal activity.It's the right of people to control which details about their lives stay inside their own houses and which leak to the outside.Today's war on privacy is intimately related to the recent dramatic advances in technology.Many people today say that in order to enjoy the benefits of modern society,we must necessarily relinquish some degree of privacy.If we want the convenience of paying for a meal by credit card,then we must accept the routine collection of our purchases in a large database over which we have no control.This trade-off is both unnecessary and wrong.It reminds me of another crisis our society faced back in the fifties and sixties-the environmental crisis.Then,advocates of big business said that poisoned rivers and lakes were the necessary costs of economic development,jobs, and an improved standard of living.Poison was progress:anybody who argued otherwise simply didn't understand the facts.Today we know better.Today we know that sustainable economic development depends on preserving the environment.Similarly,in order to reap the benefits of technology.It is more important than ever for us to use technology to protect personal freedom.5.The passage indicates that privacy is_________.A.less valued by people than it once wasB.difficult to maintain in the contemporary worldC.necessary for individual freedom.a stumbling block to economic growth6.In line18,the underlined"degree”most nearly means________.A.stageB.sequenceC.measureD.standing7.Lines18-20("If we….control")primarily serve to_______.A.introduce an additional pointB.discourage a course of actionC.question a decision D illustrate a preceding statement8.The statements in lines24-25("poison..facts")is intended to represent the point of view of ______.A.big businessB.environmentC.the authorD.the public9.The passage concludes by suggesting that if technology is to have a positive effect on people’s lives,then________.A.individual rights must be expandedB.protective measures must be takenC.technological advances must be supportedD.further research must be found10.The author supports the idea that privacy can be protected________.A.at a modest cost to most businessB.with the help of new technologiesC.without giving up valued servicesD.through appropriate government interventionsText3One of the pleasantest things in the world is going on a journey:but I like to do it myself can enjoy society in a room,but out of doors,nature is company for me.I am then never less alone than when alone.I cannot see the wit of walking and talking at the same time.When I am in the country,I wish to vegetate like the country.I like solitude,when I give myself up to it,for the sake of solitude;nor do I ask for"a friend in my retreat,whom I may whisper sweet.""Give me the clear blue sky over my head,and the green turf beneath my feet,a winding road before me,and a three hours'march to dinner and I begin to feel,think,and be myself again.Instead of an awkward silence,broken by attempts at wit or dull commonplaces, mine is that undisturbed silence of the heart which alone is perfect eloquence.Others have different opinions."Let me have a companion of myself:says the novelist Lawrence Sterne,"were it but to remark how the shadows lengthen as the sun declines"It is beautifully said:but in my opinion,this continual comparing of notes interferes with the involuntary impression of things upon the mind and dilutes the experience.If you have to explain what you feel,it is making a tool of a pleasure.You cannot read the book of nature without being perpetually put to the trouble of translating it for the benefit of others.There is one subject on which it is pleasant to talk on a journey.I grant,and that is.What one shall have for supper when we get to our inn at night.Every mile of the road heightens the flavor of the meal we expect at the end of it.How fine is it to enter some old town,walled and turreted,just at approach of nightfall,or to come to some straggling village,with the lights steaming through the surrounding gloom;and then after inquiring for the best entertainment that the place affords,"to take one's ease at one's inn!""These eventful moments in our lives history are too precious,too full of solid,heart-felt happiness to be frittered and dribbled away in solitude.11.The author of the passage would agree with which of the following statements about traveling alone?A.Its enjoyment is largely a matter of personal inclinationB.Its difficulties are easily underestimated by inexperienced traveler.C.It enables one to make much better time than when traveling with a companionD.It is not as much fun as traveling with another person12.The statement in lines2-3(I am…alone")is an example of_________.A.an apologyB.a metaphorC.a paradoxD.a euphemism13.Sterne mentions"the shadows(line11)as an example of a________.A.specialized insight that only a seasoned traveler can bring to bear on a situationB.observation that travelers might enjoy sharing nonethelessC.thoughtless comment that travelers are apt to make to their guidesD.beautiful sight that cannot be communicated accurately to those who do not travel frequently14.In the last paragraph of this passage,the author does which of the following?A.admits to a sudden change of heartB.notes an exception to a previously stated preferenceC.expresses regret about an overly sweeping generalizationD.points out a common misconception15.The physical description of the"town"(line18)and"village”(line19)primarily convey a sense of__________.A.foreboding isolationB.rural povertyC.eccentric customD.provincial charmPart III:English to Chinese Translation(15%)Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.One advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid word is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition.In most work success is measured by income and while our capitalistic society continues,this is inevitable.It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural to apply.The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for extra comforts that a higher income can provide.However dull work may be,it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation,whether in the world at large or only in one's own circle.In this respect those women whose lives are occupied with housework are much less fortunate than men,or than women who work outside the home.The domesticated wife does not receive wages,has no means of bettering herself,and is valued by her husband not for her housework but for other qualities.Of course,this does not apply to those women who are sufficiently well-to-do to make beautiful houses and beautiful gardens and become the envy of their neighbors;but such women are comparatively few,and for the great majority housework cannot bring as much as satisfaction as work of other kinds brings to men and to professional women.Part IV:Chinese to English Translation(15%)Directions:Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.朋友来访，站在我的书橱前流连忘返，见他一副痴迷的样子，我故作豪爽地说：“喜欢看什么说就先拿去吧。
2017年宁波大学考博英语真题
宁波大学逆1L年博士研究生招生考试初试试题（B卷）（答案必须写在考点捉供的答题纸I-.）科目代码：1201 科目名称：英语. ____________第i页共ii页宁波大学並1L年博士研究生招生考试初试试题（B卷）（荇案必须与在考点提供的答题纸I-.）科目代码：1201 科目名称：英语11 .[A] issues [BJnews [C] information [D] materials12.[A]acute [B]serious [C]sensitive [DJalert13.[A]constitution [B] system [C] institution [D] institute14.[A]with [B]to [C]in [D]on15.[A] submerging [B] merging [C] emerging [D] immersing16.[A] Roughly [BJFrankly [CJHardly [D]Basically17.[A]compliment [B] complement [C] complaint [D] implement18.[A] prospect [BJperspective [C] principle [D]position19.[A]military [B]administrative [C] market [D] international20.[A]emissions [BJsupply [Cjradiation [D] outputs第2页共11页宁波大学並1L年博士研宄生招生考试初试试题（B卷）（答案必须与在考点捉供的荇题纸I-.）-科目代码：1201 科目名称：___ _____________________第3页共II页宁波大学迎年博士研究生招生考试初试试题（B卷）（答案必须与在考点捉供的荇题纸I-.）科目代码：1201 科目名称： ___ _____________________第4页共II页宁波大学驭1L年博士研究生招生考试初试试题（B卷）（答案必须与在考点提供的答题纸I-.）科目代码：1201 科目名称:[A]is a dark horse in the field of banking -[B]has been growing in a moderate way[C]has been making efforts to conquer the markets of Bank of America[D]has more branches than Bank of America now27.Which of the following is NOT the reason for which Bank of America thrived?[A]It’s turf — California was a state with a large number of population.[BJ The economic environment that was controlled by the government.[C] Its deposit rate was higher than that of other banks.fD | rge amount of branches.28.The phrase “mammoth bureaucracy” (Line 2, Paragraph 4) refers to.[A]its expensive overhead[B]its large amount of branches[C]its long history[D| corruption of its leaders29.Now the most important factor for a bank to win in competition seems to be[A]higher deposit rate[B]flexibility of capital[C]high banking honors[D]support of the government .30.Which of the following conclusions can’t be drawn from the passage?[A]The U.S. Postal Service had less than 1 JOO branches in California a few decades before.[B]The profit of the Bank of America has been reducing since the 1980s.[C]The prospect of the Bank of America is not quite promising.[I)] Moral problem is also a factor that leads to the decline of the Bank of America.Text 3Volcanic fire and glacial ice are natural enemies. Eruptions at glaciated volcanoes typically destroy ice fields, as they did in 1980 when 70% of Mount Saint Helens ice cover was demolished. During long dormant intervals, glaciers gain the tipper hand cutting deeply into volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubble. Only rarely do these competing forces of heat and cold operate in perfect balance to create a phenomenon such as the steam caves at Mount Rainier National Park.Located inside Rainier’s two ice-filled summit craters, these caves form a labyrinth of tunnels and vaulted chambers about one and one-half miles in total length. Their creation depends on an unusual combination of factors that nature almost never brings together in one place. The cave-making recipe calls for a steady emission of volcanic gas and heat, a heavy annual snowfall at an elevation high enough to keep it from melting during the summer, and第5页共11页a bowl-shaped crater to hold the snow..宁波大学驭1L年博士研究生招生考试初试试题（B卷）（荇案必须与在考点捉供的答题纸I-.）科目代码：1201 科目名称：英语[A]crystalline ice[B]firns[C]chambers[D]fumaroles35.“smothering” (Paragrah 4) means.[A]eliminate第6贞共11页[B]enlarged第6贞共11页宁波大学驭1L 年博士研究生招生考试初试试题（B 卷）（荇案必须与在考点捉供的答题纸I;）第8页共11页科目代码: 1201 科目名称： 英语宁波大学迎1L年博士研究生招生考试初试试题（B卷）（荇案必须¥在考点捉供的答题纸I-.）科目代码：1201 科目名称：_________________________ [C]they can be used to diagnose diseases| D] they are both used to cure diseases37.In the second paragraph, “the book of life” refers to.[A] a book written by a prophet|B] a book written by a biologist[C]the periodic table of the elements[D]the human genome38.We can infer that some couples are eager to get eggs from Ivy League women because[A]they can't give birth to children[B]they want to have a good-looking child[C]they want to have a clever child[D]curiosity drives them to do that39.It can be learned from the passage that .[A]"gene-expression monitoring,, is helpful in curing diseases[B]all of the disease genes are harmful to human beings[C]short people may also be looked down upon in fiiture[D]scientists are encouraged to do research on human genome40.The author’s attitude towards knowing the complete human genome can be described as ■| A] critical[B]objective[C]positive[D]indifferentPart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There is one extra choice, which does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Ways to Fight Rising Food PricesFood, clothing and shelter generally top the list of basic human needs. While shopping at a discount store instead of the mall generally takes care of the clothing issue, and living in a small apartment instead of a McMansion can address your housing situation, rising world food prices can lead to some significant challenges in the food department. Everything from rising transportation costs to the development of biofuels pushes up the cost of food and put第9页共11页a pinch on consumers? wallets. (41)第10页共11页科目代1201 科目名称：英语码：1201 : _________________________第9页共I I页科目代码：1201 科目名称：英语Section III Writing第io页共ii贞51. Directions:Carefiilly read the following passage and write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words. You should write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET. Note that your score will be awarded mainly on the base of content, logic, style and language. (30%)The world today sees a cultural tourism booming. It is the subset of tourism concerned with a country or region's culture，specifically I he lifestyle of the people in those geographical areas, (lie history of those people, their art, architecture, religion(s), and other elements that helped shape their way of life. There is a general perception that cultural tourism is “good” tourism that attracts high spending visitors and does little damage to the environment or local culture while contributing a great deal to the economy and support of culture. Other commentators, however, have suggested that cultural tourism may do more harm than good, allowing the cultural tourist to penetrate sensitive cultural environments as the advance guard of the mass tourist.IS CULTURAL TOURISM AN ANGEL IN DISGUISE OR NOT? An argumentative is expected to support your viewpoint.第ii页共li页。
四川大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
四川大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (10%)(略)Part ⅡVocabulary and Structures (10%)Section ADirections: In this section, there are ten incomplete sentences. Beneath each of the sentences you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one word or phrase that completes best the sentence, and mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.16．The concept of a loyal opposition—the ______ of modern democracy—rarely prevails and, much more frequently, opposition is equated with treason and ruthlessly suppressed.A．loop B．essence C．equivalent D．velocity17．Timmer is known as a touch manager who demands ______ results.A．credible B．undeniable C．dynamic D．tangible18．He has been plowing through a biography of Lyndon Johnson and a______ of Henry Kissinger.A．casualty B．criteria C．dissection D．necessity19．Now the public has an unprecedented chance to peer over the shoulders of archaeologists and historians and get a firsthand look at the ______ of the Mongols and their Asian predecessors.A．legacy B．bequest C．converse D．miracle20．In the search for solution to seemingly overwhelming problems, it became increasingly ______to include radical, even revolutionary ideas.A．stable B．absolute C．immortal D．plausible21．Researchers at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh announced they had discovered ______evidence that a virus is involved in what used to be called juvenile diabetes.A．incessant B．compelling C．identical D．problematic22．Stephen Schneider, a climatologist at Stanford, notes that unlike greenhouse gases, which ______ rapidly around the globe, the sulfate droplets tend to concentrate over industrialized regions.A．unify B．fragment C．disperse D．shatter23．Now the juries, and ultimately the society they speak for, have to find some way to express ______ at the brutality that women and children face every day.A．aggression B．extenuation C．outrage D．suppression24．It was a type of urban story that continues to ______ big-city dwellers forward each day, a tale of hard work and self-starting initiative, of taking matters into one's own hands to make dreams come true.A．propel B．penetrate C．baffle D．harness25．The primordial fireball would have been a dense roiling stew of radiation and elementary particles condensing out of the ______ energy, annihilating each other, recondensing, then colliding and disappearing all over again.A．colossal B．audacious C．ambient D．autonomousSection BDirections: In this section, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct, and mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.26．The lecturer made too a long speech, so every listener felt tired of him, and some even went out of the lecture hall without getting the permission from the speaker.A B C D27．It is raining hard outside. Haven't you taken an umbrella with you?A B C D28．If he was to come here this afternoon, I should ask him to go to the party held by student union.A B C D29．He did not like abstract painting at all, so the more he looked at the drawings exhibited in the art gallery, the little he liked them.A B C D30．He is a well-known hardworking and clever student, and he often gets top scores in his class; so all his classmates are sure that he studies very hardly.A B C D31．He looked a little bit nervous, that could be seen from his facial expression.A B C D32．Although the wages for all the members of the working staff increase regularly, so their expenses do; for the prices for everything are increasing dramatically at the same time.A B C D33．Sound waves travel in the air in much the same way like water waves spread on the water.A B C D34．Like any other constant repeated action, speaking has to be learned, but once it is learned, it becomes a generally unconscious and apparently automatic process.A B C D35．More and more old people whose grown - up children pay little attention to them gathered together and organize interesting activities for themselves.A B C DPart ⅢReading Comprehension (25%)Directions:In this section, you will read five passages.Each one is followed by several questions. You are to choose the one best answer to each question, and mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneQuestions 36～40 are based on the following passage.Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies run to public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. They do this issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institution, both at home and overseas. When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom heoriginally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function.All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the country.The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.36．Almost all companies involved in new production and development must ______.A．rely on their own financial resourcesB．persuade the banks to provide long-term financeC．borrow large sums of money from friends and people we knowD．depend on the population as a whole for finance37．The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is ______.A．repaid to its original owners as soon as possibleB．raised by the selling of shares in the companiesC．exchanged for part ownership in The Stock ExchangeD．invested in different companies on The Stock Exchange38．When the savers want their money back they ______.A．ask another company to obtain their money for themB．look for other people to borrow money fromC．put their shares in the company back on the marketD．transfer their money to a more successful company39．All the essential services on which we depend are ______.A．run by the Government or our local authoritiesB．in constant need of financial supportC．financed wholly by rates and taxesD．unable to provide for the needs of the population40．The stock exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalized industries ______.A．to borrow as much money as they wishB．to make certain everybody saves moneyC．to raise money to finance new developmentsD．to make certain everybody lends money to themPassage TwoQuestions 41～45 are based on the following passage:The year 1400 opened with more peacefulness than usual in England. Only a few months before, Richard Ⅱ, weak, wicked, and treacherous— had been deposed, and Henry Ⅳ declared king in his stead. But it was only a seeming peacefulness, lasting for but a little while; for though King Henry proved himself a just and a merciful man—as justice and mercy went with the men of iron of those days—and though he did not care to shed blood needlessly, there were many noble families who had been benefited by King Richard during his reign, and who had lost some of their power and prestige from the coming of the new king.Among these were a number of great lords who had been degraded from their former titles and estates, from which degradation King Richard had lifted them.They planned to fall upon King Henry and his followers and to massacre them during a great tournament which was being held at Oxford.And they might have succeeded had not one of their own members betrayed them.But Henry did not appear on the lists; whereupon, knowing that he had been lodging at Windsor with only a few attendants, the conspirators marched there against him. In the meantime, the king had been warned of the plot, so that instead of finding him in the royal castle, they discovered through their scouts that he had hurried to London, and that he was marching against them as the head of a considerable army. So nothing was left but flight. One and another, they were all caught and some killed. Those few who found friends faithful and bold enough to afford them shelter dragged those friends down in their own ruin.41．What does the author seem to think of King Henry?A．He was the best king England had ever had.B．He was unfair and cowardly.C．He was just as evil as King Richard.D．He was a better ruler than King Richard.42．How did King Henry find out about the plot?A．His scouts discovered it.B．He saw the conspirators coming.C．One of the conspirators told him.D．He found a copy of the conspirators' plan.43．How did the conspirators find out that Henry was in London?A．They saw him leave Windsor.B．Henry's attendants told them.C．They saw him at the tournament.D．Their scouts told them.44．Why did the nobles wish to kill Henry?A．Henry had taken away power given to them by Richard.B．Henry was weak, wicked, and treacherous.C．Henry had needlessly killed members of their families.D．Henry had killed King Richard.45．It can be inferred that Richard Ⅱ's reign was ______.A．peaceful B．corrupt C．democratic D．illegalPassage ThreeQuestions 46～50 are based on the following passage.The ballad and the folk song have long been recognized as important keys to the thoughts and feelings of a people, but the dime novel though sought by the collector and referred to in a general way by the social historian, is dismissed with a smile of amusement by almost everyone else. Neither folk songs nor dime novels were actually created by the plain people of America. But in their devotion to these modes of expression, the people made them their own. The dime novel, interested as it was for the great masses and designed to fill the pockets of both author and publisher, quite naturally sought the lowest common denominator: themes that were found to be popular and attitudes that met with the most general approval became stereotyped. Moreover, the dime novel, reflecting a much wider range of attitudes and ideas than the ballad and the folk song, is the nearest thing we have had in this country to a true “proletarian” literature, that is, a literaturewritten for the great masses of people and actually read by them.Although a study of our dime novels alone cannot enable anyone to determine what are the essential characteristics of the American tradition, it can contribute materially to that end. Sooner or later, the industrious researchers who have minded so many obscure lodes of American literary expression will almost certainly turn their attention to these novels and all their kind. Let no one think, however, that the salmon-covered paperbacks once so eagerly devoured by soldiers, lumberjacks trainmen, hired girl, and adolescent boys now make exciting or agreeable even for the historian, much as the social and historical implications may interest him. As for the crowds today who get their sensational thrills from the movies and the tabloids, I fear that they would find these hair-raisers of an earlier age deadly dull.46．The principal intention of the author of a dime novel was to ______.A．explore a segment of American societyB．promote the American political philosophyC．raise the level of intelligence of the great masses of peopleD．make money47．The “lowest common denominator” refers to ______.A．the poorer classesB．themes and attitudes that would be accepted by the greatest number of peopleC．attitudes accepted by the American intellectualsD．the character of the authors of the dime novel48．“Proletarian” literatur e is ______.A．written for and read by the great masses of peopleB．distinguished by its devotion to pornographyC．distinguished by its elegant styleD．written for, but not actually read by, most people49．The author believes that a study of our dime novels ______.A．is a waste of timeB．would be sufficient in itself to determine the essential characteristics of the American traditionC．would be a valuable contribution in determining the essential characteristics of theAmerican traditionD．would be amusing but unimportant50．Which of the followings implied in the passage?A．The attitudes of the masses of people are best expressed by sociology texts.B．The nearest thing we have had to a proletarian literature is the dime novel.C．The study of the formal literature alone will not enable the historian to understand the attitudes and interests of the common people.D．Because the themes in the dime novels were not good, they could no longer be legally distributed.Passage FourQuestions 51～55 are based on the following passage.There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to the rulers by ancient writers, who relate how Achiiles and many others of those ancient princes were given Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline.The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that one without the other is not durable.A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this percept would not be a good one; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wishes to show colorable excuse for the unfulfilment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and also how many times peace has been broken, and how man promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one whodeceives will always find those who allow themselves be to deceived.51．The writer does not believe that ______.A．the truth makes men free B．people can protect themselvesC．princes are human D．leaders have to be consistent52．“Prince” in the passage designates ______.A．anyone in power B．elected officials C．aristocrats D．sons of kings53．The lion represents those who are ______.A．too trusting B．reliant on forceC．strong and powerful D．lacking in intelligence54．The fox, in the passage, is ______.A．admired for his trickery B．no match for the lionC．pitied for his wiles D．considered worthless55．The writer suggests that a successful leader must ______.A．be prudent and faithful B．cheat and lieC．have principle to guide his actions D．follow the truthPassage FiveQuestions 56～60 are based on the following passage.T hese is a new type of advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns.It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it doesn't offer anyone job, and sometimes it appears “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment, is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae, with the suggestion that is may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seeker simply wrote letters of application.“Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school.The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, and everything else could and should be saved for theinterview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter, which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach.“Your search is over.I am the person you are looking for,” was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded.Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view.There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.56．The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns ______.A．informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB．promises useful advice to those looking for employmentC．divides available jobs into various typesD．informs employer that people are available for work57．Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because ______.A．there is a lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB．there are so many top-level jobs availableC．there are so many people out of workD．the job history is considered to be a work of art58．In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would ______.A．write an initial letter giving their life historyB．pass some exams before applying for a jobC．have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD．keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview59．Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter ______.A．something that would attract attention to one's applicationB．a personal opinion about the organization one was trying to joinC．something that would offend the person reading itD．a lie that one could easily get away with telling60．The job history has become such an important document because ______.A．there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertisedB．there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degreesC．jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD．the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicatedPart ⅣTranslation (40%)Section A (20%)Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on the ANSWER SHEET.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind: it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. The difference between the operations and methods of a baker weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist by means of his balance is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion of a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.Section B (20%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English and write your English version on the ANSWER SHEET.1．荷花居污泥而不染，若为怕泥污而种在旱地上，它早就枯死了。
2017年医学博士英语统考真题及答案解析
2017年医学博士英语统考真题及答案Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (30% )Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read thefour possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man : No wonder. You haven't had a bite all day.Question : What's the matter with the woman?You will read :A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.1. A. To have a coffee. B. To hold her teddy bear.C. T o take her medicine.D.T o talk with the doctor.2.A.They are ill-tempered.B.They rarely listen to him.C.They often give a wrong diagnosis.D.They always prescribe wrong medications.3.A. His lovely voice. B. His Italian background.C. His attraction appearance.D. His patience with patients.4. A. 2 30 pm today. B. 2:00 pm today.C. 2 : 30 pm tomorrow.D. 2 : 00 pm tomorrow.5.A. He should take one pill 13 minutes before sleep for 30 days.B.He should take one pill 13 minutes before sleep for 13 days.C.He should take one pill 30 minutes before sleep for 13 days.D.He should take one pill 30 minutes before sleep for 30 days.6.A. Go to the cinema. B. Eat out in a restaurant.C. Have a drink or bite in a bar.D. T ake a walk down the High Street.7.A. Thursday, the 16th. B. Friday, the 17th.C. Sunday, the 19th.D. Monday, the 20th.8.A. Mark De Weck B. Mark Te WeckC. Marc De WeckD. Marc T e Weck9.A. It could be three days.B. It could be three months.C. That's an easy question to answer.D. That's an impossible question to answer.10. A. The woman herself. B. The woman's mother.C. The woman's husband.D. The woman's sister-in-law.11.A. It’s a benign tumor. B. It’s a malignant tumor.C. It’s a inherited disease.D. It’s on the man’s right shoulder.12.A. He is a hematologist. B. He is a hepatologist.C. He is a psychologist.D. He is a neurologist.13.A. Because his wife, Sally, wants him to do so.B. Because his company has asked him to do so.C. Because he suspects that he might be infected.D. Because he is applying for emigration to Australia.14. A. She used to handle her own luggage, but not anymore.B. She wants to take her luggage to the car by herself.C. She loves hauling her luggage around herself.D. She needs a hand from the man.15. A. Shocked. B. Nervous.C. Annoyed.D. Contented.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one dialogue and two passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter ofyour choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16.A. A difficult case. B. A trivial illness.C. A deadly disease.D. A serious condition.17. A. Cough . B. Fever.C. Stuffed nose.D. Sore throat.18. A. A cold. B. Allergy.C. Sinusitis.D. Pneumonia.19.A. Whether the man should seek a second opinion.B. Whether the doctor’s diagnosis is correct or not.C. Whether the doctor should prescribe an antibiotic.D. Whether CompliCare should cover the man’s expenses.20.A. Nice and patient. B. Rushed and impatient.C. Rational and eloquent.D. Conservative and stubborn.21.A. Simply from the contents of their texts.B. Just from the number of texts they send.C. Merely from the books they read at leisure.D. Right from the way they spell certain words.22.A. 2, 030 sociology students.B. 2, 300 sociology students.C. 2, 030 psychologist students.D. 2, 300 psychologist students.23. A. Spiritual life. B. Image and wealth.B. Academic success. D. Morality and aesthetics.24. A. 30% of the survey-takers texted more than 300 times a day.B. 30% of the survey-takers texted more than 400 times a day.C. 12% of the survey-takers texted at least 300 times a day.D. 12% of the survey-takers texted at least 400 times a day.25. A. T oo much texting can make you shallow.B. Texting is nothing but a wonder of Technology.C. T exting has more disadvantages than advantages.D. T oo much texting results in poorly performing students.Passage Two26. A. Effective weight loss. B. Enhanced appetite.C. Improved healthD. Brain fitness.27. A. A 12-week weight loss program.B. A 12-month weight loss program.C. A 12-week aerobic exercise program.D. A 12-month aerobic exercise program.28.A. Exercise sometimes is just futile and not beneficial.B. Exercise should be encouraged, weight loss less emphasized.C. Aerobic exercise can do good to people both mentally and physically.D. Poor weight loss can inevitably result in disappointment and low self-esteem.29.A. T o control weight.B. To live well and longC. T o be together with friends.D. T o enjoy the marvelous feeling of exercise.30.A. Exercise: Value beyond Weight Loss.B. Exercise: the Way to Well-being.C. Exercise for a Better LifeD. Exercise for Weight LossPart Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrasethat best completes the sentences. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.Chronic high-dose intake of vitamin A has been shown to have_______ effects on bones.A. adverseB. prevalentC. instantD.purposeful32. Drinking more water is good for the rest of your body, helping to lubricate joints and _____ toxins and impurities.A. screen outB. knock outC. flush outD.rule out33.Rheumatologist advises that those with ongoing aches and pains first seek medical help to ______ the problem.A. affiliateB. alleviateC. aggravateD. accelerate34.Generally, vaccine makers_____ the virus in fertilized chicken eggs in a process that can takefour to six months.A. penetrateB. designateC. generateD. exaggerate35. Danish research shows that the increase in obese people in Denmark is roughly______ to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.A. equivalentB. temporaryC. permanentD. relevant36. T ed was felled by a massive stroke that affected his balance and left him barely able to speak______.A. bluntlyB. intelligiblyC. reluctantlyD. ironically37.In a technology-intensive enterprise, computers______ all processes of the production and management.A. dominateB. overwhelmC. substituteD. imitate38.Although most dreams apparently happen______, dream activity may be provided by external influences.A. homogeneouslyB. instantaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD. simultaneously39.We are much quicker to respond, and what we respond far too quickly by giving______ to our anger.A. ventB. impulseC.temperD. offence40. By maintaining a strong family_____, they are also maintaining the infrastructure of society.A. biasB.honorC. estateD. bondSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which canbest keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlinedpart. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41. Inform the manager if you are on medication that makes you drowsy.A. uneasyB.sleepyC. guiltyD.fiery42. Diabetes is one of the most prevalent and potentially dangerous diseases in the world.A. crucialB. virulentC. colossalD.widespread43. Likewise , soot and smoke from fire contain a multitude of carcinogens.A. a matter ofB. a body ofC. plenty ofD. sort of44.Many questions about estrogen’s effects remain to be elucidated, and investigations are seeking answers through ongoing laboratory and clinical studies.A. implicatedB. impliedC. illuminatedD. initiated45.A network chatting is a limp substitute for meeting friends over coffee.A. accomplishmentB.refreshmentplementD.replacement46. When patients spend extended periods in hospital, they tend to become overly dependent and lose interest in taking care of themselves.A.extremelyB.exclusivlyC.exactlyD. explicitly47.Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problem of traffic congestion.A. amelioratedB.aggregatedC.deterioratedD. duplicated48. It was reported that bacteria contaminated up to 80% of domestic retail raw chicken in the United States.A. inflamedB. inflictedC.infectedD. infiltrated49. Researchers recently ran the numbers on gun violence in the United States and reportedthat right-to-carry-gun laws do not inhibit violent crime.A.curbB.induceC.lessenD.impel50.Regardless of our uneasiness about stereotypes, numerous studies have shown clear difference between Chinese and western parenting.A.specificationsB.sensationsC.conventionsD.conservationsPart Ⅲ Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, thereIt was the kind of research that gave insight into how flustrains could mutate so quickly. The same branch of researchto humans. Parsing ( 分析provide clues to ___52___ the next potential superflu, whichThis potential killer also has a number: 59%. According to WHO, nearly three-fifths of the people who ___53___ H5N1since 2003 died from the virus, which was first reported___54___ humans in Hong Kong in 1997 before a more serious___55___ occurred in Southeast Asia between 2003 and 2004. Some researchers argue that those mortality numbers are exaggerated because WHO only ___56___ cases in whichvictims are sick enough to go to the hospitals for treatment.___57___, compare that to the worldwide mortality rate of the 1918 pandemic; it may have killed roughly 50 million people, but that was only 10% of the number of people infected, according to a 2006 estimate.H5N1's saving grace--and the only reason we're not2003. But ___58___ its lethality, and the chance it could tumresearch to be exploding, with labs ___59___ the virus'sanimals and___60___ to humans, and hoping to discover avaccine that could head off a pandemic.参考答案：1听力Section A Short Conversations1. A. To have a coffee. 2. B. They rarely listen to him. 3. D. His patience with patients. 4. A. 2:30 pm today. 5. D. He should take one pill 30 minutes before sleep for 30 days. 6. C. Have a drink or bite in a bar. 7. D. Monday, the 20th. 8. C. Marc De Weck. 9. D. That's an impossible question to answer. 10. D. The woman's sister-in-law. 11. A. It's an benign tumor. 12. A. He is a hematologist. 13. D. Because he is applying for emigration to Australia. 14. B. She wants to take her luggage to the car by herself. 15. C. Annoyed. Section BLong Conversation 16. B. Atrivial illness.17. C. Stuffed nose.18. A. A cold.19. C. Whether the doctor should prescribe an antibiotic.20. A. Nice and patient.Passage One21. B. Just from the number of texts they sent.22. D. 2,300 psychology students.23. B. Image and wealth.24. C. 12% of the survey-takers texted at least 300 times a day.25. A. Too much texting can make you shallow.Passage Two26. C. Improved health.27. C. A 12-week aerobic exercise program.28. B. Exercise should be encouraged, weight loss less emphasized.29. D. To enjoy the marvelous feeling of exercise.30. A. Exercise: Value beyong Weight Loss. 2词汇Section A31. A adverse32. C. flush out33. B. alleviate34. C. generate35. A. equivalent36. B. intelligibly37. A. dominate38. C. spontaneously39. A. vent40. D. bondSection B41. B. sleepy42. D. widespread43. C. plenty of44. C. illuminated45. D. replacement 46. A. extremely47. C. deteriorated48. C. infected49. A. curb50. C. conventions51. A. interface52. B. stopping53. D. contracted54. A. in55. D. outbreak56. A. counts57. D. still58. A. given59. C. parsing60. C. potentially阅读理解答案Passage One61. A. warn us against the rampant abuse of antibiotics everywhere62. A. the pre-antibiotic era will return63. A. has developed resistant bacteria worldwide64. B. the existing increasingly ineffectual drugs in the market65. D. helplessnessPassage Two66. C. stay in the forefront of science67. B. the question period after each talk68. A. does not change with times69. B. expose themselves to novel ideas and new approaches70. C. How to design scientific meetingsPassage Three71. D. the human tendency to underestimate the harmful effects on the planet72. D. the definite huge uncertainties about the climatic effects73. A. the successors are also damaging74. D. to explore solar energy and its storage75. B. humanity's energy suppliesPassage Four76. A. how to facilitate their creativity77. B. the evidence-based preliminary results for grant application78. D. benefited from the system he advocates79. C. to encourage starting scientists to be innovative80. C. are independent doing innovative sciencePassage Five81. D82. A. leads to an enquiry by the FDA83. D. the surgical robot is not problematic but safe84. D. a lack of sufficient training on the part of surgeons85. A. Four Arms Better Than Two?Passage Six86. A. their financial status87. B. have no idea about what medical problem they are having88. D. feel a sense of accomplishment in treating the patient89. B. struggled with their survival, let alone with their medical care90. B. Sympathy。
中国农业大学2017级研究生博士入学英语水平测试
中国农业大学2017级研究生（博士）入学英语水平测试参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes, 15 points) 略Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes, 35points) 每题1分Section A （每题1分，共7分）1. C2. A3. B4. A5. D6. B7. CSection B （每题1分，共8分）8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 12.B 13. A 14. C 15. DSection C （每题1分，共10分）16. A 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. CSection D （每题1分，共10分）26. innocent27. committed28. formally29. released30. previous31. appoint32. witnesses33. hold a trial34. designed 35. foundationPart III Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points) 每题0.5分36-45 ABBAD, BDADD 46-55 CACDD, CDBABPart IV Reading Comprehension (35 minutes, 30 points) 每题1.5分56-65 ACCBD, ABCAD 66-75 DDAAC,DABACPart V Translation (15 minutes, 10 points)In China, the one-year-old catch of a baby is of unique characteristics. The ceremony is of milestone-like significance in the growing process of a baby. The ceremony usually celebrates when the baby is one year old. The earliest historical record about one-year-old catch appeared during the Northern Qi Dynasty. On the day when a baby is one year old, the family of the baby will lay out books, pens, coins, jewelries, toys and foods, etc. The parents then put the baby in front of these articles and make him/her sit up. Nobody will give any instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by himself/herself. According to the articles the baby catches, the family try to make predic tions about the baby’s potential interests, future career and development. The ceremony also represents that the elder place good wishes and hope on the baby.。
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昆明理工大学2017年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）
考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语
试题适用招生专业：全校
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。