英国文学选读上名词解释(中英文版)

Byronic hero

A proud, mysterious, rebellious, gloomy figure of noble origin, with fiery passions and unbending will, expresses Byron’s own ideal of freedom. He rises against tyranny and injustice, but he’s merely a lone fighter striving for personal freedo m.

Sonnet

A sonnet is a 14-line lyric poem with a single theme. Sonnets vary but are usually written in iambic pentameter, following one of two traditional patterns: the Petrarchan or Italian sonnet and the Shakespearean or English sonnet. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.

Ode

A complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion,to honor a person o a season or to commemorate an event.

Lake Poets

The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century. As a group, they followed no single "school" of thought or literary practice then known, although their works were uniformly disparaged by the Edinburgh Review. They are considered part of the Romantic Movement

Metaphysical poets is a term coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation about topics such as love or religion. John Donne is the most important representative.

拜伦式英雄是指拜伦诗中的贵族出身的骄傲，神秘，反叛的角色。

因为有着无穷的激情和力量，拜伦式英雄总是担负起消灭一个腐败社会里所有错误的重担，而且总是以不可征服的意志和无穷无尽的精力，单枪匹马地挑战任何暴政，不管是社会传统规则，是政府或者是宗教。

拜伦式英雄通常被社会孤立，像是一个放逐者，而且情绪化，对某一件事很有激情。

拜伦的主要贡献之一就是创造了拜伦诗英雄。Heathcliff in Wuthering House，Rochester in Jane Eyre, 玄学派诗歌一般用来称呼那些在John Donne影响下写作的作家的作品。

玄学派诗人一种背叛精神去试着打破传统的伊丽莎白爱情诗的束缚。

玄学诗歌多使用巧智（wit and conceit），结构精巧（ingenious structure），韵律多变（irregular meter），语言口语化（colloquial language），意象奇特（elaborate imagery），并把不同的事物并置（a drawing together of dissimilar idea）。它们的意象多来源于现实生活。

颂歌是一种复杂且通常篇幅较长的抒情诗。形式高贵，以崇高（lofty）或严肃的事物为主题。颂歌通常为某个特殊的场合而作，为了赞美某个人或物（to honor a person， a thing or a season），或某个季节或纪念某个事件（commemorate an event）。

Sonnet是一种欧洲传统的非常有影响力的诗歌形式。从形式上来说它有14行诗构成，通常是五步抑扬格，有着严格的特定的押韵方式。莎士比亚的十四行诗非常出名。

早期浪漫主义诗人Wordsworth，Coleridge和Southey，也被称为湖畔派诗人。他们都住在英国西北部的湖区，并且在文学和社会见解上有着一致性。湖畔派诗人主要回忆快乐的旧英格兰时代，把自然看做是精神上的避难所，因为他们惧怕即将到来的工业化和城市化。