中高级口译必备词汇(新东方版)第六章 生态 自然 环保

[例子] Efforts have been made to stop deforestation ----the removal of forest stands by cutting and burning to provide land for agricultural purposes, residential or industrial building sites, roads, etc. or by harvesting the trees for building materials or fuel. desertification n.（土壤）沙漠化，荒漠化 [例子] Overgrazing of rangelands, large-scale cutting of forests and woodlands, drought, and burning of extensive areas all serve to destroy or degrade the land cover and cause desertification. domestic sewage n. 生活污水 drought n. 旱灾 dust storm n. 沙尘暴 E earthquake n. 地震 earthquake magnitude 震级 eco-agriculture 生态农业 ecological impact 生态影响 ecosystem n. 生态系统 [详析] An ecosystem is defined as place having unique physical features, encompassing air, water, and land, and habitats supporting plant and animal life. eco-technology 生态技术 eddy n. / v. 旋涡， 起旋涡 El Nino Southern Oscillation （ENSO） （气候学）厄尔尼诺南徊 现象 [详析] 厄尔尼诺是西班牙语"El Nino"的音译。厄尔尼诺洋流南美洲西海岸 海洋表面的一支暖洋流，那时海底不再有冷的、丰富营养的海水，能引
the cool temperate zone 寒温带 the warm temperate zone 暖温带 Tropical 热带（气候） Subtropical 亚热带（气候） Tundra 苔原（气候） Equatorial 赤道（气候） Arid 干旱（气候） Mediterranean 地中海式（气候） Polar （arctic） 极地（气候） Mountains 高山（气候） Plateau 高原 （气候） Maritime 海洋性（气候） Continental climate 大陆气候 clint n. 石芽 coastline n.海岸线 combustion n. 燃烧 comet n.彗星 confluence n. 汇流（处） [详析] A confluence is where a river joins another river. contamination n. 污染 continental plate 大陆板块 continental shelves 大陆架 contingency n. 偶发事件 convection n对流 corrasion n. 侵蚀 cost-effective adj. 成本效益好的，合算的 cumulonimbus clouds n. 积雨云 D daily maximum temperatures n. 日最高气温 daily minimum temperatures n. 日最低气温 death toll n. 死亡人数 debris flow 泥石流 decomposition n. 分解，腐烂 deep water n. 深冷水区 deforestation n.森林砍伐
biosphere n. 生物圈 [详析] The terrestrial biosphere includes the living biota （plants and animals） and the litter and soil organic matter on land, and the marine biosphere includes the biota and detritus in the oceans. biota n. [生态]生物区 [详析] Biota means the animal and plant （fauna and flora） life of a given area. barrier effect of mountains 山的阻隔效应、栅栏效应 beachgoer n. 海滩游客 biomes n. 生物群系 black hole n. 黑洞 [详析] Black hole is a place where the gravity is so strong that light can't even escape from it. how would you know where to look for it? it can also be interpreted as gateways to an alternative universe. C canopy n. 树冠， 华盖 car exhaust n.汽车尾气 carbon dioxide （CO2） n. 二氧化碳 carbon monoxide （CO） n. 一氧化碳 Clean Air Act n. 清洁空气法案 [详析] The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments are the most far-reaching revisions of the 1970 law. In this summary, we refer to the 1990 amendments as the 1990 Clean Air Act. clean energy n. 清洁能源 clean fuels n. 清洁燃料 [详析] Low-pollution fuels that can replace ordinary gasoline climate n. 气候 climatic anomaly 气候异常 climatic zones 气候带 ［glossary］ [扩展] Temperate 温带（气候）
起鲸鱼和鱼类的死亡并且影响大部分太平洋地区的气候。在南美厄瓜多
尔和秘鲁沿岸，海水每年都会出现季节性增暖现象，因为这种现象发生 在圣诞节前后，则被当地渔民称为厄尔尼诺-即"圣婴"（上帝之子）的意 思。现在厄尔尼诺一词已被气象和海洋学家用来专门指发生在赤道太平
洋Fra Baidu bibliotek部和中部海水大范围持续异常增暖的现象（在海洋气象学中规定，
该海域海水表层温度高出气候平均值0.5℃以上，且持续时间超过6个月
以上时定为厄尔尼诺出现）。 The term El Nino means ‘Christ Child’ and was first used by Peruvian fishermen in the late 1800’s to describe the warm current appearing off the western coast of Peru around Christmas time. El Nino, and its sister event - La Nina - are the extreme phases of the southern oscillation, with El Nino referring to a warming of the eastern tropical Pacific, and La Nina a cooling.又见L 词条中La Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜现象 emission n. 排气 （如汽车废气等）；排放物 environment n. 环境 [详析] Environment refers to the sum of all external conditions affecting the life, development, and survival of an organism. Environment Abstracts 《环境文摘》简称EA environmental auditing 环境审核 environmental awareness 环保意识 environmental benefit 环境效益 environmental degradation 环境恶化 environmental hazards 环境危机 environmental lapse rate 气温垂直递减率 （如由山地地形引起） environmental management 环境管理 environmental threats 环境威胁 environmentalist n. 环境保护主义者 epicenter n. 震中 Equator n. 赤道 equatorial zone 赤道地区 existing environmental regulations 现有环境规范条例 extinct species 灭绝的物种 F fjord n. 峡湾 firn n. 积雪；万年雪；冰原 [详析] Material that is transitional between snow and glacier ice. It is formed from snow after passing through one summer melt season
第六章 生态、自然和环保
SECTION I: 英译中
A a killing frost 严寒 abrasion n. 侵蚀；磨损 acid rain n.酸雨 [详析] Acid rain is an air pollution produced when acid chemicals are incorporated into rain, snow, fog or mist. The "acid" in acid rain comes from sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, products of burning coal and other fuels and from certain industrial processes. acidification n.土地酸化 afforestation n. 绿化造林 agricultural ecology 农业生态学 air emission standards 空气排放标准 air pollution 空气污染 air pollution emission 空气污染排放（物） algae n. 藻类，海藻 alternative fuels --替代燃料 [详析] Alternative fuels include compressed natural gas, alcohols, liquefied petroleum gas （LPG）， and electricity. altitude n. 海拔 ample rainfall n. 充足的雨量 annual temperature range 年气温幅度 anomalies n. 反常（现象） aquatic life 水生植物 arid adj. 干旱的 artificial rain n.人工降雨 ash n. 灰烬 atmosphere （The） n. 大气层 Autumnal Equinox （fall equinox） 秋分（9月22日左右） [扩展] Vernal Equinox （spring equinox） 春分（3月21日左右） B