汽车齿轮齿条式转向器设计

本科学生毕业设计

汽车齿轮齿条式转向器设计

院系名称：汽车与交通工程学院

专业班级：

学生姓名：

指导教师：

职称：

黑龙江工程学院

二○一一年六月

The Graduation Design for Bachelor's Degree Design of Car Rack and Pinion Steering

Gear

Candidate：

Specialty：

Class ：

Supervisor：

Heilongjiang Institute of Technology

2011-06·Harbin

摘要

汽车转向器是汽车的重要组成部分，也是决定汽车主动安全性的关键总成，它的质量严重影响汽车的操纵稳定性。随着汽车工业的发展，汽车转向器也在不断的得到改进，虽然电子转向器已开始应用，但机械式转向器仍然广泛地被世界各国汽车及汽车零部件生产厂商所采用。而在机械式转向器中，齿轮齿条式转向器由于其自身的特点被广泛应用于各级各类汽车上。

本次设计主要对一汽佳宝的转向器进行设计。首先对转向器进行了结构上的设计，此转向器选用的是侧面输入，两端输出的齿轮齿条式转向器。其优点为：结构简单、紧凑；壳体由铝合金或镁合金压铸而成，故质量比较小；传动效率高达90%；齿轮齿条之间因磨损出现间隙后，可利用装在齿条背部、靠近小齿轮的压紧力可以调节的弹簧自动消除齿间间隙，在提高系统刚度的同时也可防止工作时产生冲击和噪声；转向器占用体积小；没有转向摇臂和直拉杆，可以增大转向轮转角；制造成本低。

关键词：转向器；弹簧；横拉杆；设计；校核

ABSTRACT

Auto steering gear is the important part of automobile. Also the key assembly of vehicle active safety. Its’ quality seriously effecting manipulating stability,with the develop ment of automobile’industry,steering gear is improved gradually. Although electronic steering gear began application, but mechanical steering gear is widely used by automobile and parts manufacturer all over the world. In the mechanical steering gear. The rack and pinion steering gear were widely used in all kinds of Auto factories due to its own characteristics.

This design is mainly focus on FAW Jiabao. First, design the steering gear’s structure. This steering gear applied beside input. Two terminal output rack and pinion steering. Its’advantages is simple configuration and compact. Shell is pressurized carging by aluminium alloy or magnesium ally. So the weight is relatively low. Transmitting efficient can reach 90%. If gap appears between rack and pinion. It can be eliminated by the spring which is located back of rack adjustable to pinion,and spring pressure can be ajusted .Simproving the sy sten’s stiffness.It also can prevent the impact and noise when it works .Steering gear occupy. Little volume have no steering arm and tie rod. Steering wheel angle can be increased；manufacturing cost is low.

Keywords: steering;spring; horizontal bars;design;check

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目录

摘要......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................................................. I I 第1章绪论 ..................................................................................................................... １

1.1选题的目的 .............................................................................................................. １

1.2转向器国内外研究现状 .......................................................................................... １

1.3转向器发展趋势 ...................................................................................................... ３

1.3.1汽车转向技术的发展趋势 ............................................................................ ３

1.3.2汽车转向装置的设计趋势 ............................................................................ ３

1.4转向器概述 .............................................................................................................. ４

1.4.1汽车转向基本要求及其关键技术 ................................................................ ４

1.4.2两轮转向及其实现技术 ................................................................................ ５

1.4.3四轮转向及其实现技术 ................................................................................ ７

1.5设计的预期成果 ...................................................................................................... ９第2章设计方案的选择 .......................................................................................... １０

2.1转向器类型的选择 .............................................................................................. １０

2.2齿轮齿条式转向器布置和结构形式的选择 ...................................................... １１

2.3本章小结 .............................................................................................................. １２第3章齿轮齿条式转向器的设计和计算 ......................................................... １３

3.1转向系计算载荷的确定 ...................................................................................... １３

3.1.1计算汽车的原地转向阻力矩 .................................................................... １３

3.1.2转向器角传动比的计算 ............................................................................ １３

3.1.3作用在转向盘上的手力的计算 ................................................................ １４

3.1.4梯形臂长度L2的计算............................................................................... １５

3.1.5轮胎直径R T的计算 .................................................................................. １５

3.1.6转向横拉杆直径d的计算 ........................................................................ １５

3.2齿轮齿条式转向器的设计 .................................................................................. １５