【2015考研英语】语法完整讲义

【2015考研英语】语法完整讲义第一部分：考研语法导学一、考研语法考什么？二、考研语法讲解（预告篇）(一) 句子的结构(二) 句子的省略——非谓语动词(三) 句子的补充三、考研真题应用（预告篇）第二部分：考研语法讲解一、句子的结构(一) 简单句1. 简单句的构成：一主一谓2. 简单句的分类：谓语动词的分类3. 简单句的变化：谓语动词的时态／语态／情态(二) 并列句(三) 复合句复合句1 ——名词性从句1. 宾语从句2. 表语从句3. 主语从句4. 同位语从句复合句2 ——定语从句复合句3 ——状语从句二、句子的省略——非谓语动词三、句子的补充(一) 成分的补充：定语／状语／同位语(二) 句式的补充：倒装／强调(三) 考点的补充：it／as第三部分：考研真题应用一、读句子(一) 基本结构的长难句分析(二) 特殊结构的长难句分析1. 分裂结构2. 嵌套结构3. 平行结构4. 省略结构二、写句子第一部分：考研语法导学一、考研语法考什么？二、考研语法讲解（预告篇）(一) 句子的结构1. 一个句子（一件事）——简单句(1) 最核心的简单句：N. + V.(2) 简单句的变化：例如：句子连接的核心？例：We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. (2010 年阅读Text 1)(二) 句子的省略——非谓语动词He is lying in bed, while he is reading a book.He is lying in bed, a book.A woman who was wearing a black coat asked me the way to the nearest hospital.A woman a black coat asked me the way to the nearest hospital.例：Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. (2011 年阅读Text 3)(三) 句子的补充1. 成分的补充例：The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the suddenannouncement of his appointment in 2009. (2011 年阅读Text 1)请划出补充的成分：例：One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. (2010 年翻译)例：Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. (2008 年翻译)2. 句式的补充：倒装／强调3. 考点的补充：it / as三、考研真题应用（预告篇）1. 读句子（完形＋阅读）2. 写句子（写作）：写的对／写的好根据讲解，在下面的例句上划出分析的部分：例：The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. (2011 年阅读Text 3)例：While traditional “paid”media – such as television commercials and print advertisements –still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. (2011 年阅读Text 3)例：... what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence.” (1992 年翻译)例：It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. (2010 年翻译)例：Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. (2008 年翻译)第二部分：考研语法讲解一、句子的结构(一) 简单句1. 简单句的构成：N. + V.（一主一谓）简单句的核心部分？2. 简单句的分类：取决于的分类简单句的分类练习：1)Yesterday morning I went to the church.2)Most boys in my class liked playing football.3)Some schools give their students a long summer vacation.4)Watching fun movies allows me to take a break from my busy routine.5)Computers have become very useful tools in modern life.简单句的分类真题应用：例：On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. (2008 年翻译)例：Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. (2006 年阅读Text 3)3. 简单句的变化主要研究谓语动词的变化：时态／语态／情态(1) 谓语动词－时态的变化考研中最常用的时态：特别注意：1) 现在完成时He has left.We have studied English for ten years.They have tried to help him hundreds of times.例：The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. (2006 年阅读Text 2)例：The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. (2006 年阅读Text 3)例：The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. (2011 年阅读Text 1)2) 过去完成时vs. 一般过去时例：Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in twoor three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirtyyears. (2008 年翻译)3)现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）例：The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s email. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. (2003 年阅读Text 1)4)过去将来时(would do ; was/were going to do)(2) 谓语动词－语态的变化：被动语态1) 被动语态跟时态相结合be + done例：The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. (2007 年翻译)例：It has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.(2005 年完形填空)2) 被动语态跟情态动词相结合例：It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. (2009 年翻译)(3) 谓语动词情态的变化例：In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. (2011 年阅读Text 3)例：Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping, baby-size holes in their lives. (2011 年阅读Text 4)注意：掌握谓语动词的时态／语态／情态的变化，是为了帮助大家更加准确的定位谓语动词（谓语动词不一定是一个单词，有可能是几个单词构成），进而看懂句子。