中级翻译教程第八讲

2、Sentence Sequence 只要己发现有可能反对他的人 ，他就本能地要用他的魅力和 风趣将这个人争取过来 。 English version A: When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist. his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor. English version B: As soon as he finds any possible opponent, he is, by instinct, to have an inclination for winning him over with charm and humor. English version C: The sight of any potential antagonist arouses his innate impulse for winning him over with charm and humor.
Nominal Clauses 名词性从句
一、教学重点： 1. 名词性从句的翻译 2. 同位语从句的翻译 二、教学内容： 1. 英语名词性从句的翻译 2. 汉语复句的翻译
英语名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语 从句和同位语从句四大类。 汉语不存在类似英语的名词性从句。
1．名词性从句，特别是由what, how, whether等引起的名 词性从句，翻译比较困难。这些从句往往表达的是一种具 体概念，如“how things stand”，实际上是表达“情况” 这个概念，如照译“事情是如何站着的”就不明确，同时 也违背了愿意。 所以翻译这类从句时多采用概略法，也就是使从句陈述的 内容明确化。这样许多情况下都需要进行概括或引申。
中级翻译教程
第八讲 英语的三大从句及其翻译
英语的三大从句是英语组句的重要手段，使用频率 非常高。 相比之下，汉语的从句数量少，功能弱，尤其不喜 欢在主语、宾语或定语的位置上放很长的句子，其 状语也往往不带明显的语法标志。 因此，翻译英语从句时一般都要进行调整和变通。
英语的三大从句：
（1）副词性从句或称状语从句 （2）形容词性从句或称定语从句。 （3）名词性从句，常用来作主语、宾语、表语、介词 宾语或同位语。 从实质上来说，这三种从句的语法功能分别等于名词、 形容词和副词的语法功能，但由于它们本身是句子， 放到大的句子中去时就使句法变得复杂多了，从而也 增加了翻译的信息载量和难度。

2．That从句 例1：That he should do such a thing! 他竟然干出这种事来！ 例2：That a brother should be so perfidious! 一个作兄弟的居然如此不义！ 例3：That nobody was killed or even slightly injured in such a serious accident was incredible.
Ⅱ. Translation of Chinese Complex Sentences 汉语复句的翻译
1、Sentence Combination 门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有12把，五颜六色，大小不一。 In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors. 我有一个问题弄不清楚，想请教你，你能回答吗？ Could you kindly answer a question which is puzzling me? 因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具。农村社会是与外界隔绝的。 这种隔绝伏态，由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重了。 The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.
Ⅰ. Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语Biblioteka Baidu词性从句的翻译
2、Object Clauses I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him. 我理所当然地认为 ，你会来跟他谈这件事的。 We have no definite information yet as to which route he will take. 关于他将走哪条路线 ，我们还没有确切的消息。 3、Predicative Clauses This is where the shoe pinches. 这就是问题的症结所在了。 Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。
Ⅰ. Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语名词性从句的翻译 4、Appositive Clauses 1） Keeping the Original Order He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望能再来中国访问。 2) Converting into an Attributive Order or an Independent Clause It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。
他在作品里倾诉了自己一生的痛苦和这种痛苦给他带来的一种 信念，认为如果被剥削的人们起来反抗，世界就会变得美好。 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率 密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。 Apart from providing people with timber, forests help regulate climate, conserve water and soil, wall off wind, fix sands, improve water quality, keep away smoke and dust, sterilize (purify) the air，reduce noise, beautify surroundings, maintain and improve ecological balance. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man's health is closely related to the quality of the air ， which in turn is decided by the size (extent) of forests.
Ⅰ. Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语名词性从句的翻译
3） Using Punctuation Marks or Specific Words Punctuation marks : colon(:), dash(---) ; expressions : “这样”，“这种”， “这一”，“即" But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实: 我们 的前景并不妙。 Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this "waste“ material could be turned into plastics. 不久以前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现，即可以把 这种废物变为塑料。

例1：That’s where we differ. 这就是我们的分歧所在。 例2：My brother is not what he used to be. 我弟弟不是他以前那个样子了。/我弟弟变了。 例3：He has made what I am. 我之有今日都是他给的。
Practice: He poured into his writing all the pains of his life and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all lands. 森林给人提供木材，还能调节气候、保持水土、防风固沙、 改善水质、防烟防尘、消毒杀菌、减少噪音、美化环境、维 持及改善生态平衡。 如果没有绿色植物不断制造氧气和吸收有害的气体，人类就 无法生存。人们的健慷与空气的忧劣有关，而空气的忧劣又 与森林的多少有关。
Ⅰ. Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语名词性从句的翻译 4） Changing into Sentences without the Subject An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back. 己下命令将目前在太空实验室里的研究人员送回来。 However, the writing of chemical symbols in the form of an equation does not give any assurance that the reaction shown will actually occur. 但是将化学符号写成反应式，并不意味着所表示的反应确实 会发生。
如此严重的事故竟然无一人伤亡，（这）真叫人难以 置信！
Ⅰ. Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语名词性从句的翻译
1、Subject Clauses 1） Subject Clauses Introduced by Pronouns Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. 他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。 2) "It“ Functions as a Formal Subject It doesn't make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参不参加会议都没多大关系。