英文文化背景知识大全
英语背景知识
英语词语包罗万象，丰富多彩，很多时候如果不了解词语的背景知识，会给我们在理解上带来很大的困扰。
下面让我们一起来学习－“英语背后的故事”。
英语背景知识（1）谁说过条条大路通罗马？Allroads lead to R ome条条大道通罗马。
喻可以采取多种发放或可供的选择很多，与汉语“殊途同归”、“落叶归根”或俗话“水流千里归大海”相似。
出自罗马典故。
古罗马原是意大利的一个小城邦。
公元前3世纪罗马统一了整个亚平宁半岛。
公元前1世纪，罗马城成为地跨欧亚非三洲的罗马帝国的整治、经济和文化中心。
罗马帝国为了加强其统治，修建了以罗马为中心，通向四面八方的大道。
据史料记载，罗马人共筑硬面公路8万公里。
这些大道促进了帝国内部和对外的贸易与文化交流。
公元8世纪起，罗马成为西欧天主教的中心，各地教徒前往朝圣者络绎不绝。
据说，当时从意大利半岛乃至欧洲的任何一条大道开始旅行，只要不停的走，最终都能抵达罗马。
相传“条条大道通罗马”这句话，最早出自罗马皇帝尤里安（Julia n the Apos tate, 331-363）之口。
尤里安是君士坦丁一世（约280－337）之侄。
他博学多才，集学者、作家、将军和皇帝多重身份于一身。
在为期间（360－363）允许宗教信仰自由，并允许犹太人在耶路撒冷重建圣庙。
作业：将以下句子中翻英1.虽然条条大道通罗马，但你必须从基层干起。
2.你放心好了，市长在危急时刻有能力对付困难的局面，面包会有的。
K eys:1.Tho ugh a ll ro ads l ead t o Rom e, yo u hav e tostart outat th e bot tom.2.Yo u can depe nd on themayor to m anage thediffi cultsitua tionwhile thecrisi s ison. R ememb er al l roa ds le ad to Rome.英语背景知识（2）石雕上的微笑是怎样的？archa ic sm ile古风式微笑。
英语文化背景知识
英语文化背景知识语言的学习离不开对文化背景知识的了解。
了解有关的英语文化背景知识有助于扩大知识面，增强阅读能力，提高英语水平。
威斯敏斯特宫 (the Palace of Westminster)威斯敏斯特宫是世界上最大的哥特式建筑群，坐落在泰晤士河北岸，历史悠久。
撒克逊人最早在westminster建立了一个教堂。
1065年，英格兰国王爱德华重建了教堂并在附近建了一座宫殿，称为威斯敏斯特宫。
后来历经多次破坏，1840年，英国政府在原地上重建此宫，用作议会大厦，成为世界上最大的议会大厦。
在议会大厦前的议会广场上建有英国首相丘吉尔的高大雕像，以纪念他在第二次世界大战中做出的巨大贡献。
一个圆形中央大厅将议会大厦分为两院：南院为上议院（贵族院），北院为下议院（平民院）。
威斯敏斯特宫的西南角有一高塔--维多利亚塔，为石结构，专门存放议会的重要档案文件；东北角则是一座方塔，塔上有一钟楼，挂着著名的大本钟。
诗人之角 (Poets’ Corner)诗人之角指的是英国威斯敏斯特教堂内著名文学家的坟墓。
这里墓碑林立，埋葬着许多著名的英国文学家。
英国诗歌之父乔叟不仅在此有他的墓穴，还有一个纪念窗。
19世纪著名的小说家狄更斯被安葬在诗人之角的中央。
陪伴他长眠的还有19世纪诗人丁尼生、布朗宁、小说家哈代及英文词典编纂之父约翰逊。
莎士比亚的坟墓虽然在他的故乡，但他在这里也有一个壁龛，放着他的雕像。
海德公园 (Hyde Park)海德公园是英国最大的皇家公园，位于伦敦市中心的威斯敏斯特教堂地区，占地360多英亩，原属威斯敏斯特教堂产业。
16世纪，英王亨利八世将之用做王室的公园。
查理一世执政期间，海德公园曾向公众开放。
1851年，维多利亚女王首次在这里举办伦敦国际博览会。
现在这里也是人们举行各种政治集会和其他群众活动的场所。
演讲者之角 Speakers’ Corner)位于海德公园的东北角，是所谓的“自由论坛”。
自19世纪以来，每星期天下午都有人在这里发表演说，内容涉及政治、宗教、社会等方面。
英语文化背景知识50篇
1. Superstition迷信One person in four in Britain is, apparently, superstitious, and they'll do everything from hanging horseshoes over their fireplace to crossing their fingers, touching wood and absolutely never walking under a ladder. And they're careful about cats. Black cats are supposed to be the familiars of witches, so if one is following you it's definitely bad luck - a witch is after you! On the other hand, if one crosses your path and continues then it's good luck because it hasn't noticed you. However, in some places the beliefs are different - so it pays to know where your black cat comes from! Old superstitions linger even in today's modern world. The author Philip Pullman drew on them in his award winning novel "His Dark Materials". The novel, which appeals to both children and adults, has been adapted for radio and also the theatre.2. Graduate Student研究生Graduate students specialize in a particular field of study. They study to become experts in this field and to learn new advances in their fields while they earn an M.A. or Ph.D. Sometimes when they get an M. A. in one field they begin studying another field. They hope that when they earn their graduate degrees they will succeed in finding important jobs. They hope to get jobs that are interesting and high paying. The life of a graduate student is often difficult. They are usually too busy studying to make a good living. Often they have to pay high tuition fees for their education. Some give up studying before they get their degrees. But most keep on working at their studies until they graduate. In today's world, most graduate students don't regret spending time with their studies. They are finding that new developments are occurring in all fields. For many graduate study has become a necessity.3. April Fool's Day 愚人节1st April is a day to be careful,or you could easily get tricked by someone.It's April Fool's Day,a day when people traditionally like to tryto make a fool of someone else and laugh at them.There are lots of theories surrounding the origins of the day,but one explanation is connected with the changein the calendar in the 16th century,which meant that 1st Aprilwas no longer the beginning of the year.Those who still celebrated the New Yearon 1st April were called fools.So what kind of pranksdo people play on April Fool's Day?Well, there are lots of simple tricksthat you can play on your friends.For example, you could wear a black sweaterand pull a piece of white thread through it,so that people try to pull it off.You could change the time on someone's alarm clockso that they're late for work.4. Living Online 网上生活How do you meet new people, make new friends,or find out about the latest bands?Here in the UK young people have traditionallydone their socializing in bars, pubs and clubs.However, there is a new generation growing upthat finds it easier to manage their social lives on the net,using free websites like MySpace, Bebo or MSN Spaces.Welcome to the social networking website- a place where you can present yourselfto the digital community and meet other like-minded people.The most successful social networking websitein the UK is .As of July 2006, MySpace is the world'sfourth most popular English-language website,attracting almost 3 million visitors per month.MySpace claims to have 95 million memberswith 500,000 new members joining the community each week.So how has it become so successful?Perhaps its secret is in its simplicity.Each new member can build their own page simply- uploading photos, videos and MP3 files.5.Mother's Day 母亲节Does your mother know how much you appreciate her? Well, Mother's Day is the time to show her. It's a chance to say 'thank you', or to tell your mum how much you love her. In Britain, Mother's Day, or Mothering Sunday, falls on a different day each year, because it takes place a few weeks before the festival of Easter. But it is always in the early springtime, which seems appropriate, as the season when new plants emerge, and baby birds and animals are born. In the USA, Mother's Day takes place a little later, in May, and many other countries also celebrate their mothers on different days of the year. It began many years ago, when children, especially girls, as young as 10 would live and work away from home as housemaids and other types of servant. Mothering Sunday was a day when everyone was allowed to go to their home village or town, and visit their mothers.6.Online Shopping 网上购物With only two weeks to go before Christmas,buying presents is a high priority for a lot of people.However, this year not so many people are leaving their homesto browse around the shops.These days lots of people can do their shoppingin the comfort of their own homewith the help of the internet.Online shopping is becoming more and more popularfor a number of reasons;prices are often lower online,you don't have to queue up in busy shopsand you can buy almost any product imaginablewith just a few clicks of your puter trends are often male-dominatedbut this year women are expected to domore shopping on the internet than men.It seems women are now more attracted tothe convenience of online shopping than they used to be.Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to 240 poundscompared to the slightly lower average of 233 pounds for men.7. Reality TV电视真人秀The latest fashion on British TV is Reality TV.Reality TV means that shows follow and filmordinary people in an artificial situation.This could be at work, or in some kind of competition.One of the first and most popular Reality TV showsis Big Brother.In this show, 15 complete strangershave to live together in a house for 11 weeks.They are filmed 24 hours a day, and shown on television.Each week, the viewers vote to evictone of the housemates.Finally, only one is left,and they win the prize money!The show was an instant hit,and runs in several countries. The housemates often become stars as a result of the show,and appear in national newspapers and on other shows.Another very popular show isI'm a Celebrity - Get Me Out Of Here!In this show, 10 celebritieshave to complete tasks each week,such as eating insects.8. School 学校September is traditionally the end of summer and the beginning of autumn in the UK. It is also the month when children go back to school after their long summer holidays. There are two types of school in England. State-run schools are paid for by the government, so are free to attend. Independent Schools are private, which means you have to pay to attend. The school day usually starts at 9 in the morning and finishes around 4, with breaks for lunch of course! In many schools, you have to wear a uniform too. Children start school when they are 5 years old. This is called primary school, and lasts until the child is 11 when he or she will go on to senior school. Secondary school is compulsory from 11 until 16 years of age. At 16, students take national examinations called GCSE's. After this, students can stay at school for another 2 years and take A Level examinations.9. The Modern Family 现代家庭Father leaves for work in the morning after breakfast. The two children take the bus to school, andmother stays home cooking and cleaning until father and the kids return home in the evening. This is the traditional picture of a happy family living in Britain. The past 20 years have seen enormous changes in the lives and structure of families in Britain. The biggest change has been caused by divorce. As many as 2 out of 3 marriages now end in divorce, leading to a situation where many children live with one parent and only see the other at weekends or holidays. There has also been a huge rise in the number of women with children who work. The large rise in divorces has meant many women need to work to support themselves and their children. Even when there is no divorce, many families need both parents to work in order to survive.10. Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节On 25th September this year, people all over China will be getting together to eat with their families, look at the moon and celebrate one of the biggest festivals in the Chinese lunar calendar. However, the celebrations stretch far beyond the borders of China. Here in the UK events are taking place for Chinese people living here, and to teach the people of Britain more about this popular festival. The Soho Theatre in London conducted a study which showed that Chinese Londonersdon't engage much with the arts world. As a result, 'Moon walking In China has been created to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival.This is no normal theatre production though,as it doesn't take place in the theatre.Theatre professionals and volunteers from the local communitywill take audiences around the streets of Sohoon a magical lantern-lit walkthrough the landmarks and backstreets of Chinatown.11. The Dragon 龙When many people in the west think of China, the animal that they think of is the dragon. For them, the dragon is an aggressive monster that breathes fire. Many popular legends tell of how dragons killed brave knights and ate beautiful maidens. For Chinese people however, the dragon is not an evil monster. It’s a cultural and spiritual symbol for prosperity and good luck. The dragon's main task is to create harmony and bring rain. Dragons are celebrated in art and architecture, and of course the dragon dance is a very popular ritual. Millions of Chinese have the word 'long’, meaning dragon, as part of their name. China isn't the only country to have the dragon as its symbol. Wales, one of the four countries in the UK, has a red dragon proudly displayed on its flag. The only other country in the world with a dragon on its flag is Bhutan, the tiny country between China and India.12. Rainy Britain 阴雨的英国Britain is famous around the world for its rainy weather, but many parts of the country this June are experiencing much more rain than they have ever seen before. Torrential downpours have caused rivers to burst their banks, roads have been closed and many people have been evacuated from their homes because of the floods. The worst hit area seems to be the north of England. There have even been fatalities as people got stuck in the rain or were washed away by the floodwaters. Flood warnings have been issued in many parts of the UK and it is said that over a month's worth of rain has fallen in just the last couple of days. The rain has also caused chaos at some of Britain's famous June events. The Glastonbury festival is a four-day-long outdoor music festival and while it is traditionally quite rainy and muddy there, this year was particularly bad. 13. Christmas Traditions 圣诞节传统There are many ways to celebrate Christmas, and some British people like to go on holiday, go out for lunch to a restaurant, or spend the day with friends. But most people's idea of a traditional Christmas involves spending a few days with their family - sometimes their extended family(大家族). The day is the most exciting for the children. They may have spent weeks or even months dreaming of the presents they want most. Since the beginning of December, they may have opened their advent calendars（降临节日历）, finding a new festive picture, chocolate, or small gift, to count down each day until 25th December. On Christmas Eve, they hang up stockings, ready to be filled with presents by Santa Claus. Often a thank you gift of a mince pie and a glass of sherry will be left, as well as a carrot for those hungry reindeer.14. Olympic Slogan 奥运口号Beijing unveiled the slogan for the 2008 Olympics as far back as 2005. "One World, One Dream" was finally selected from more than 210,000 entries（条目）from around the world. Beijing's original bid to host the 2008 games had a different slogan "New Beijing, Great Olympics". The organizers felt the new slogan shifted the focus nicely from the city of Beijing itself to the spirit of the Olympics - unity, friendship amongst nations and progress. It was also felt that the "One World, One Dream" slogan captured the traditional Chinese values of peace and harmony. The Olympics hasn't always had a slogan attached to each host country. In fact it wasn't until 1988 at the Seoul Olympics in South Korea that the first slogan appeared. "Harmony and Progress" was chosen and it seems to have been a popular theme over the years.15. Sunbed太阳床In the UK, a country known for its bad weather and lack of sunshine, there appears to be an ever increasing number of very tanned young people. So just how are they achieving their golden tans? Some are opting for the sun-free option and are getting their tan from a bottle. However, it appears that others are turning to tanning salons, of which there are thousands in the UK. While in China young people often prefer to remain fair, in the UK there seems to be a growing desire for tanned skin. So why do the British prefer to be bronzed? Often, they are trying to emulate their favorite celebrities, footballers, or footballers' wives. Research from the British Sunbed Association suggests that many people believe a tan makes them feel and look healthier. This is a belief that is most definitely not shared by Cancer Research UK. They firmly state that being tanned is not a sign of health.16. Speechwriting 写演讲稿The success of a speech is often attributed to the skill of the speaker, with merit(赞扬) being given to speakers who are confident, articulate, knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with conviction. But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter. And one industry in which this practice is common is that of politics. So what does it take to be a political speechwriter? Well according to a recent job advertisement from the US Embassy in Britain, a political speechwriter needs to have exceptional interpersonal skills, be detail oriented （注重细节的）and able to demonstrate a deep knowledge of their subject. They must also work closely with speakers and be able to relate to their style. Some believe that the best speechwriters have an inherent talent, a natural creative instinct, and that speechwriting is an art form.17. A Walk in the Park在公园散步Exercising in natural areas is not only good for your physical health -it can improve your mood and sense of well-being in as little as five minutes. So says research in the journal Environmental Health and Technology. Exercise alone is known to make you happier. So is being in a natural setting. So scientists wanted to see the effect of combining the two. They evaluated 10 different UK studies involving more than 1,200 people. Participants had taken part in activities such as gardening, sailing and country walks, and rated their mood and self-esteem. The research showedthat both areas get a significant boost with as little as five minutes of outdoor exercise. And people with mental disorders benefited the most. The study authors say this is the first study to quantify the amount of time needed to get a positive effect.18. Fast Food Makes Us Less Patient快餐使我们失去耐性Fast food is a multibillion-dollar industry, and for some of us, drive-through dinner has become a way of life. Granted, sometimes we grab something quick because we really don't have time. But psychologists got to wondering whether all this speed eating might actually make us less patient. In a series of experiments, the scientists showed volunteers logos（理性）from several fast-food chains or asked them to recall the last time they'd visited. And they found that folks who had thought about fast food would then read faster, even though no one told them to hurry. And they also expressed a preference for time-saving products, like shampoo plus conditioner. And they tended to opt for immediate rewards, like getting a small cash payment right away rather than waiting a week for a larger sum. So if you want to ease the pace, forget meditation. Try a slow cooker.快餐是一个数十亿美元的产业，对于我们中的一些人来说，免下车餐厅已经成为了一种生活方式。
英语文化背景知识共73页
*文化与语言
• 不同民族的文化孕 育出不同的语言。
• 语言与文化互相影 响，互相作用。
• 文化是语言赖以扎 根的土壤，语言是 文化得以反映的镜 子。
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III.英语文化背景知识与小学英语教学
1.以汉语为母语的中国学 生学习英语的情况
2.《英语课程标准》提出的目标要求 3.培养小学生文化意识的可行性和必要性
➢“在语言难度小时，读不懂英语作品主要是因 为文化知识有缺陷.” ----王宗炎
➢ 《英语课程标准》把文化作为英语教学总 体目标中的重要一环，要求儿童和青少年 对其他国家主要是英语国家人民的文化有 所了解逐步培养跨文化意识。
* I’m very glad that I got a full mark in the final examination。这次期末考试， 我得了满分，心里非常高兴。
文化意识与小学英语教学Leabharlann 文化差异对语言学习与交际的影响
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1.日常生活交际
▪ She is very beautiful!－－ －－Where！Where！－－－－ Oh, every where 。
初中英语必备的文化背景知识与习俗介绍
初中英语必备的文化背景知识与习俗介绍
在学习初中英语的过程中，除了掌握词汇和语法知识，了解英语国家的文化背景和习俗也是非常重要的。
通过学习这些内容，不仅可以更好地理解英语，还可以增进对不同文化的了解和尊重。
接下来，让我们一起来了解一些初中英语必备的文化背景知识与习俗。
英国文化
1.五点茶歇
英国人有着独特的下午茶文化，下午3点左右会进行”五点茶歇”，品尝茶和小点心，这是英国人的传统习俗之一。
2.圣诞节庆祝
英国人十分重视圣诞节，他们会在12月25日举行盛大的庆祝活动，包括圣诞晚餐、圣诞树和互赠礼物等。
美国文化
1.感恩节
感恩节是美国人民之间互相表达感激之情的节日，通常在11月的第四个星期四，人们会举行家庭聚会，享用火鸡大餐。
2.万圣节
万圣节是美国人喜爱的节日之一，在10月31日，孩子们会穿上各种服装，挨家挨户要糖果，这是美国流行的习俗之一。
澳大利亚文化
1.澳洲日
澳洲日是澳大利亚的国庆日，于每年的1月26日庆祝，人们会举行各种庆祝活动，包括烧烤、焰火表演等。
2.奥运会热情
澳大利亚人对体育非常热爱，曾多次举办奥运会，体育精神贯穿于澳大利亚人的生活，体育运动是他们生活的一部分。
通过了解这些文化背景知识和习俗，可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用英语，同时也能够拓宽我们的视野，增进对不同文化的尊重和理解。
让我们一起走进英语的世界，感受不同文化的魅力，用心感受语言背后的故事与情感。
英文文化背景知识大全63页PPT
8、法律就是秩序，有好的法律才有好的秩序。——亚里士多德 9、上帝把法律和公平凑合在一起，可是人类却把它拆开。——查·科尔顿 10、一切法律都是无用的，因为好人用不着它们，而坏人又不会因为它们而变得规矩起来。——德谟耶克斯
61、奢侈是舒适的，否则就不是奢侈 。——CocoCha nel 62、少而好学，如日出之阳；壮而好学 ，如日 中之光 ；志而 好学， 如炳烛 之光。 ——刘 向 63、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。 ——孔 丘 64、人生就是学校。在那里，与其说好 的教师 是幸福 ，不如 说好的 教师是 不幸。 ——海 贝尔 65、接受挑战，就可以享受胜利的喜悦 。——杰纳勒 尔·乔治·S·巴顿
谢谢！
英语文背景知识共91页文档
21、没有人陪你走一辈子，所以你要 适应孤 独，没 有人会 帮你一 辈子， 所以你 要奋斗 一生。 22、当眼泪流尽的时候，留下的应该 是坚强 。 23、要改变命运，首先改变自己。
24、勇气很有理由被当作人类德性之 首，因 为这种 德性保 证了所 有其余 的德性 。--温 斯顿． 丘吉尔 。 25、梯子的梯阶从来不是用来搁脚的 ，它只 是让人 们的脚 放上一 段时间 ，以便 让别一 只脚能 够再往 上登。
1、最灵繁的人也看不见自己的背脊。——非洲 2、最困难的事情就是认识自己。——希腊 3、有勇气承担命运这才是英雄好汉。——黑塞 4、与肝胆人共事，无字句处读书。——周恩来 5、阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。——培根
初二英语国家与文化知识点
初二英语国家与文化知识点1. 介绍国家与文化的重要性（开头段）在初二英语学习中，国家与文化是一个重要的知识点。
了解不同国家的文化和背景对于拓宽视野、促进跨文化交流具有重要意义。
本文将带您了解一些常见的国家与文化知识点。
2. 国家与文化知识点之一：美国（主体段一）美国是一个多元文化的国家，其文化底蕴深厚。
美国的主要语言是英语，同时英国的传统也对美国文化有较大影响。
美国的音乐、电影和食物等方面都具有独特的魅力。
此外，美国的重要节日如独立日、感恩节等也是了解美国文化的重要窗口。
3. 国家与文化知识点之二：英国（主体段二）英国是英语的故乡，拥有悠久的文化传统。
莎士比亚的作品、皇室的历史、茶文化等都是英国文化的重要组成部分。
英国人讲究礼仪，喜欢喝茶、玩板球，英国音乐和电影也享誉世界。
了解英国文化有助于我们更好地掌握英语，并欣赏英国的艺术和文学。
4. 国家与文化知识点之三：中国（主体段三）中国作为一个历史悠久的国家，有着丰富多彩的文化。
中国是世界上最为人口众多的国家之一，中文是中国的官方语言。
中国的传统文化有着独特的魅力，如书法、绘画、茶道等。
中国的春节、中秋节等传统节日也是了解中国文化的窗口。
5. 国家与文化知识点之四：其他国家（主体段四）除了美国、英国和中国，世界上还有许多其他国家也拥有丰富的文化。
法国以其浪漫和时尚而著名，意大利以其美食和建筑而吸引人，日本以其独特的礼仪和传统艺术闻名，等等。
了解这些国家的文化不仅可以加深对其他国家的认识，也能促进跨文化交流。
6. 总结通过了解不同国家的文化，可以帮助我们更好地了解世界各地的人们，并促进文化之间的相互交流与理解。
初二英语学习中掌握国家与文化知识点，对于提高英语水平和培养跨文化意识具有重要作用。
（注：此为一篇大致满足1000字的文章，可根据需要增减字数。
文章内容仅供参考，具体内容可根据实际情况进行调整。
）。
高中英语文化背景知识点梳理
高中英语文化背景知识点梳理在高中英语学习中，了解文化背景知识点是非常重要的。
通过了解不同国家和地区的文化，可以更好地理解和运用英语。
以下是一些高中英语文化背景知识点的梳理，帮助同学们更好地应对英语学习中的文化相关题目。
1. 英语国家概况a. 英国：了解英国的地理位置、首都伦敦、著名的城市（例如曼彻斯特、爱丁堡等）以及其他的民俗文化和风俗习惯（例如英式下午茶）。
b. 美国：了解美国的地理位置、首都华盛顿、主要城市（例如纽约、洛杉矶等）以及著名的文化象征（例如自由女神像、白宫等）。
2. 节日和庆典a. 圣诞节：了解圣诞节的起源、庆祝活动和习俗，例如互赠礼物、圣诞树、圣诞卡等。
b. 春节：了解中国传统春节的来历、庆祝活动和习俗，例如过年、放鞭炮、贴春联等。
3. 饮食文化a. 中西餐文化：了解中餐和西餐的饮食文化差异，例如餐桌礼仪、食物种类以及用餐时间。
b. 茶文化：了解中国茶文化的历史、不同种类的茶以及茶道仪式。
4. 文学和艺术a. 莎士比亚：了解英国著名剧作家莎士比亚及其作品，例如《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《哈姆雷特》等。
b. 文化名人：了解一些英语世界的文化名人，例如莫扎特、达·芬奇、爱因斯坦等。
5. 体育文化a. 足球：了解足球在英语国家的普及程度、重要比赛和球星，例如英超联赛、世界杯以及贝克汉姆、梅西等。
6. 音乐和电影a. 流行音乐：了解一些英语世界的流行音乐和歌手，例如披头士乐队、迈克尔·杰克逊等。
b. 奥斯卡奖：了解奥斯卡奖的起源、评选标准以及一些著名的奥斯卡奖获奖电影，例如《泰坦尼克号》、《阿甘正传》等。
7. 社会习俗和礼仪a. 拜访习俗：了解不同国家和地区的拜访礼仪，例如中国的拜年和西方的拜访规矩。
b. 名称和称谓：了解不同国家和地区对人名和称谓的习惯，例如中国人的姓在前、名在后，英语国家的姓在后、名在前。
8. 传统习俗a. 简艺节：了解印度传统节日简艺节的庆祝活动和习俗，例如彩色喷雾、舞蹈、祈祷等。
英语阅读文化背景知识
英语文化背景知识1.Honor system demand students be honest in all their subjects2.4A:attitude academic skills awareness accomplishment3.Intercultural communication is communication between members of differentcultures4.In Latin America the motion we wave goodbye means come here5.Culture shock is the confusion resulting from the distortion of the signs ,rules,and regulations that govern social interactions6.Culture shock 的五个阶段：honeymoon phase rejection phase regressionphase recovery phase/at-ease-at-last phase return culture shock/reverse culture shock7.Cartoon movies is called an animation8.Nowadays , especially in science-fiction films ,very realistic-looking scenes aremade possible by modern technology9.When movies were filmed in black and white ,it was possible to use chocolatesyrup as a substitute for real blood10.Alfred Hitchcock is one of the best known film makers in the world,and he wasalso the first director to become a TV star11.The tradition of the Academy Awards dates back to 1929(Oscar)12.Walt Disney ,the creator of the Mickey Mouse13.The first full-length Disney film was snow white14.Walt Disney World is a second huge amusement park outside ofOrlando ,Florida .15.Disneyland has thrilled those in the west16.According to the legend,an Arabian merchant made the first cheese17.The fork was an ancient agriculture tool18.Not until the late 1600’s did using a fork become a common custom19.Three courses in western dinner:A stater/an appetizerThe main courseThe dessertually people arrive at the host’s home on time or five minutes laterrger than supermarkets :hypermarkets22.The Yangtze delta: jingsu Zhejiang shanghahi23.Dealings in stocks and shares in the stock markets began in the 17th century24.The world trade organization is the only international organization dealing withthe global rules of trade between nations25.The WTO came into being in 199526.WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade27.Structure:Top-level dicision-making:ministerial conferenceGeneral councilGoods council ,services council , intellectual property council28.The WTO Secretariat base in Geneva29.GATT is now the WTO’s main rulebook for trade in goods30.China held the 2008 Olympic games31.Track and field refers to a group of running,hurdling ,jumping and throwingevents32.The modern Olympic motto:Citius, Altius, Fortius(faster,higher,stronger)33.Scandinavian countries :Sweden Norway Finland34.The earlist date for Olympic games is about 1300B.C. in Greece ,as a religiousfestival35.The first modern Olympic Games is in Athens in 189636.Jim Thorpe, the Great America Indian athlete , is a hero to American Indianpeople37.The Australian Aborigines came to the continent at least 30,000 years ago.38.The color red has special significance in ceremonies for some people, and insome groups only specific people can use the color red.39.Aboriginal art has been called “X-ray” art because bones and important organsare drawn through they can’t be seen in the living animal40.The Navajos use sand paintings to help sick people.41.About 6000 native groups are left in the world42.The first chapter of old testament is Genesis43.The snake tempted the woman to eat the fruit44.God put the man who he had formed in a garden eastward in Eden45.God told the man they can’t eat the tree of the knowledge of good and evil46.God made the rib t hat had taken from the man into a woman47.God see the city and tower ,so he confuse the language48.Jesus told the disciples to baptize people in the name of the Father, the Son,theHoly Spirit49.Jesus’s parents:Mary and Joseph50.Jesus was born in the town of Bethlehem in Jedua51.King Herod want to kill Jesus52.John baptized Jesus53.International advertising means the dissemination of a commercial message totarget audiences in more than one country54.Internet advertising began in 199455.Four major “new medias” invented in the 20th century:Internet, radio, televisionand cable TV56.Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs: physical need , the safety andsecurity need ,social need , esteem need, self-realization need57.Sigmund Freud’s famous work :The Interpretation Of Dreams58.The contribution of Sigmund Freud ,Karl Marx ,Charles Darwin and AlbertEinstein have shaped the way in which people view themselves in modern society59.Learning plateau : in which people feel haed to make advances60.General psychology is concernd with the study of human behavior61.Motivation to satisfy man’s needs is provided by drives。
中学英语文化背景知识
中学英语文化背景知识西方文化背景知识已大量地渗入现代的中学英语教材和读物中，这与传统的英语教材只强调语言知识和语法知识的重要性差别较大。
英语是一门语言学科，它是这一民族文化的组成部分，是文化的载体和折射镜。
我们从中可以看到使用该语言国家的社会文化、自然环境和思维方式等。
通过对中西方语言文化背景的对比，了解两者的差异。
因而教师应当充分利用各种材料中的西方文化背景知识，介绍给学生，以拓宽视野，提高交际能力和阅读能力。
以下简略地概括一些中学英语中出现的中西文化的差异和西方特有的文化背景知识。
一. 日常生活交际和风俗习惯。
中西文化的差异在日常生活中出现得很多，如姓名、称呼和问候之类。
在汉语中先姓后名而在英美国家则完全不同，他们是名前姓后，而且在中间还喜欢加上一个中间名。
称呼别人时一般在姓的前面加上称呼语，如“Mr Smith”等，初学者应当注意。
在英语中我们会发现西方国家里对亲属的称谓很少,•如“•Aunt,•Ancle, Cousin”等。
而在汉语中则不同，汉语把亲属间的关系分得极细，既能分别性别、大小又能分出与称者的关系。
这种差异说明中国的文化背景，在几千年的封建统治下，中国人高度重视血缘关系和等级观念，提倡长幼有序、尊卑分明。
而在一些西方国家小辈直呼长辈之名比比皆是，少有避讳。
家庭成员之间即使是长辈也常对小辈说“Thank you”。
因为西方的一些国家追求人人平等和个人的独立意识。
在英国，熟人见面时谈论天气的话题较多如“Lovely weather,isn't it•”。
而在中国人们碰面时则常问“你吃了吗？”自古以来中国食风甚盛，请客吃饭司空见惯。
吃是人们谈话常见话题。
英国位于大西洋北岸，属于海洋性气候，受北大西洋暖湿气流的影响，四季变化不明显，但一日之内天气状况可能瞬息万变，英国人认为“在本土没有气候，只有天气”，英国的天气每时每刻都是一个新鲜而有趣的话题，因而长期以来养成了谈论天气情况的习惯。
初中英语知识归纳常见文化知识和背景介绍
初中英语知识归纳常见文化知识和背景介绍初中英语知识归纳：常见文化知识和背景介绍英语作为一门全球通用的语言，其学习不仅仅局限于语法和词汇的掌握，还需要了解背后的文化知识和背景介绍。
以下是一些初中英语常见的文化知识和背景介绍，帮助学生更好地理解和运用英语。
1. 传统节日在英语国家，有许多传统节日，如圣诞节（Christmas）、复活节（Easter）和万圣节（Halloween）等。
圣诞节是西方最重要的节日之一，人们会互赠礼物、互致祝福；复活节是基督教的重要节日，庆祝耶稣复活；万圣节则与鬼怪和南瓜灯有关，孩子们穿着各种化妆服装，挨家挨户要糖果。
2. 饮食习惯不同国家和地区的英语国家都有各自的饮食习惯。
比如英国人喜欢喝红茶（tea），常常与朋友或家人一起享用下午茶（afternoon tea）；而美国人则喜欢吃汉堡（hamburger）、炸薯条（French fries）等快餐食品。
此外，西方国家的人们通常用刀和叉进餐，而中国人则使用筷子。
3. 景点介绍了解英语国家的著名景点也是学习英语文化的一部分。
比如埃及的金字塔（the Pyramids of Egypt）是世界上七大奇迹之一，深受游客的喜爱；美国的自由女神像（the Statue of Liberty）象征着自由和民主，是纽约的标志性建筑；澳大利亚的悉尼歌剧院（the Sydney Opera House）则是当地的文化地标。
4. 体育运动英语国家对体育运动非常热衷。
足球（football）是最受欢迎的运动之一，英国是足球运动的发源地；篮球（basketball）是美国的国民运动，NBA是世界上最顶级的篮球联赛；网球（tennis）则是英国人和澳大利亚人喜爱的体育项目。
5. 名人介绍了解一些英语国家的名人对于学习英语文化也很有帮助。
比如，莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）是英国最伟大的戏剧作家，他的作品至今仍被世人所推崇；美国的爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein）是物理学家和天才科学家，他的相对论对科学界有重大影响；澳大利亚的凯特·布兰切特（Cate Blanchett）是一位杰出的女演员，在国际电影界享有盛誉。
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语音与跨文化交际
语音对语言表达风格的影响 汉语的声调语言和英语的非声调语言 汉语的四声和英语的轻重音 汉语多为单音节字,英语多为多音节词 语音使汉语具有诗歌特征,而英语缺乏韵律 感 汉语使用平仄律;英语使用轻重律 汉语同音词占38.6%,使中国的曲艺别具特色 绕口令的不可译 拟声词在英语中比例较汉语中少,主要用于对 儿童和加强讽刺效果
天净沙(马致远)
Crows hovering over rugged old trees wreathed with rotten vine-the day is about done. Yonder is a tiny bridge over a sparkling streams, and on the far bank,is a pretty little village. But the traveler has to go on down this ancient road, the west wind moaning, his bony horse groaning, trudging towards the sinking sun, farther and farther away from home.
匡衡凿壁偷光,王冕牛角挂书,车胤囊 莹照诵,孙康映雪读书.难道我们还怕 什么学习中的困难吗?世上无难事,只 要肯攀登.
Kuang Heng read by light from a hole gouged through the wall; Wang Mian read,while grazing the cattle with his books hung on its horns; Che Yin read by light of bagged fireflies and Sun Kang by the reflection of snow- can there be any difficulty in our study to be afraid of ? No difficulty in the world is insurmountable, so long as one dares to scale the highest peak possible.
第三节:语言哲学观之文化对比
1 儒家通过伦理道德和内省反思建立和维 系等级关系为基础的和谐社会,交际的 目的是和合.对语言持积极而谨慎的态 度,属入世的语言观 2 道家认为为是矛盾的根源,否定交际的 价值,崇尚无为而治,属于出世的语言 观 3希腊文明对语言的力量推崇备至,许多 哲学家主张掌握修辞的学问,通过语言 相互认识.修辞学很早就成为一门劝说 别人的学问而存在.
英语造句用的是"榫合法", 汉语ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ句用的是"黏合法 英语形态语言的句式特点是空间搭架形式, 即以主谓结构为主干,以谓语动词为中心, 通过大量的形态手法等把句子各个成分层 层搭架,呈现由中心向外扩展的空间图式; 汉语句意合的特点突出表现在按时间的先 后顺序,通过动词的多个连用或事件的先 后展开,呈现出流水型图式.因此英语造 句用的是"榫合法",汉语造句用的是 "黏合法".
两种语言词汇的词义差异
解决方法:解释和音译 词汇差异引起的冲突:半空缺词汇;全空 缺词汇;联想意义相反的词汇 科学技术的发展,新词不断出现,可译性 很差
加腾秀俊的传播学词汇可译表
英语 锡兰 汉语 孟加拉语 印尼 菲律宾 印地语 日语
communication B theory feedback system Development Information Analysis Audience A B C A B A C
MassB communication Face-to-face denotation connotation B A A
第五节:句法与跨文化交际
句法是句子中连词成句的规则,即词汇符号 之间的关系,是语法的一部分 世界各语言中主语谓语和宾语的位置: 主谓宾 35% 主宾谓 44% 谓主宾 19% 谓宾主 2% 英语句子两种基本类型:主语-系动词-表语; 主语-谓语,主语不可缺少;汉语为主语-谓语 -宾语 形态语和非形态语 英语强调标点,关联词,形式逻辑,通过丰 富的形态变化达到表意的目的;汉语形态匮 乏,通过丰富的词义和词语位置的变化来表 意
But 1 would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail,among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing. 对于人们给予我的赞扬,我也想做出同样的回报: 借此国际学界的最高盛会,请业已献身于同样艰苦 劳作的男女青年听我说几句话,因为在他们中间, 将来站在我现在所站的讲台上的人已经产生了.
目录
第一节:语言与文化 第二节:语言哲学观之文化对比 第三节:语音,词汇与跨文化交际 第四节:句法与跨文化交际 第五节:跨文化语用对比分析 第六节:跨文化语篇对比分析 第七章:语言的翻译
第一节:语言与文化
语言是人类社会特有的社会现象,是社 会群体约定俗成的,通过学习获得的, 由语音,语法和词汇构成的符号系统. 它是一定地域文化群体成员表达意思和 交流思想的交际工具 语言是文化的载体和写照,文化很大程 度上决定了语言本身:骆驼,英汉语亲 属称谓对等级秩序的态度差异;临湘和 永宁乡的称呼对父系和母系社会的反映; 中国崇尚对称和谐在成语和双音节词中 的表现;人名地名商号 萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说
第五节:句法与跨文化交际
形态上汉语是散点式,以话题为中心,重 意合;英语是焦点式,以动词为中心,重 形合 汉语的形散而"神"不散," 神"是铺 排的逻辑事理 汉语的句法有时为丰富的语义让步;英语 客观性强,重视形式逻辑,句法很少为语 义让步 人治语和法治语
1)他人小志气大.Although he is young, he has a great ambition. 2)已经晚了,我们回去吧. Let's go home,as it is late. 3)对于要想上大学的学生来说,他们需要 参加国家规定的学术能力测试. For the students who hope to go to a university,they need to take SATs.
第一节:语言与文化
部分研究语言与文化关系的文章: 1 陈原:《语言与社会生活:社会语言学 札记》 2 周振鹤,游汝杰:《方言与中国文化》 3 陈建民:《语言文化社会出探》 4 申小龙,张汝伦:《文化的语言视界: 中国文化语言学论集》 5 常敬宇:《汉语词汇与文化》 6 曲彦斌:《中国民俗语言学》 7 邢福义:《文化语言学》
第四节:词汇与跨文化交际
词汇与跨文化交际 1 符号与对象的关系由社会生活约定俗成: 2 指示意义和隐含意义:"政治家",黄金 时节,红色 3 词汇的意义在发展变化,稳定是相对的, 变化是绝对的,如 Negro,weekend , 先 生等
两种语言词汇的词义差异
1 指示意义相同,联想意义不同或完全相 反 2指示意义相同,联想意义部分相同 3指示意义相同,在一种文化中有丰富联 想意义,在另一种文化中没有 4 文化中特有的词汇,形成词汇空缺 词汇的联想意义随说者,听者的文化背 景以及特定的语境而变化,只有了解词 的联想意义才能获得词语承载的全部信 息量
玄德看其人:Xuande looked over the newcomer item by item 身长九尺; and noted his huge frame, 髯长三尺; his long beard, his dark 面如重枣, brown face and deep red 唇若涂脂; lips. He had eyes like a 丹凤眼, phoenix and fine bushy 卧蚕眉, eyebrows like silk worms. 相貌堂堂, His whole appearance was dignified and awe威风凛凛. inspiring.
汉英句式的时空事理对比 在观察和处理事物时,中国人习惯于从整 体入手,从大到小,因此汉语语序是对 时空事理的临摹,即将事物按其发展的 时间,空间,结果等先后顺序展开,而 英语则以客体意识为主导,习惯从小到 大,从特殊到一般.
1 事件时间的先后 她晚饭后看电视. She watched television after supper. 教授在家里写书. The professor wrote his book at home. 2 事理因果的先后 1)在"原因一结果"句中,汉语先说原因,后说结果, 英语与之相反. 你不给钱,我就不给你货. "1 won't give you the goods until you give me the money". 2)在"条件一推论"句中,汉语先说条件,后说推论, 这也与英语相反. 有了空闲时间,我就去帮你.(条件一推论) 1 will help you,if I am free.(推论一条件)
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加腾秀俊的传播学词汇可译度表
Planning broadcasting media sign symbol Non-verbal B B B B A B B B B B A B A B B B A B C A A B C A B B A C B A A C B C D D B D D A A D B A D D A A C A A D A A D D A B B B B B C CD B B