高英课文 the trial that rock the world背景及美国司法体制介绍
The Trial That Rocked the World高级英语第三版第一册第四课翻译和词汇
Lesson 4 The Trial That Rocked the World震撼世界的审判A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator , three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时，人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。
我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯.达罗。
担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉.詹宁斯.布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人，而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。
A few weeks before I had been an unknown school-teacher in Dayton, a little town in the mountains of Tennessee. Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over. Seated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University. More than 100 reporters were on hand, and even radio announcer s, who for the first time in history were to broadcast a jury trial. "Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks," Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.几个星期之前，我还只是田纳西州山区小镇戴顿的一名默默无闻的中学教员，而现在我却成了一次举世瞩目的庭审活动的当事人。
高级英语Lesson-4-The-Trial-that-Rocked-the-Worldppt课件
.
7) When he read articles, he always has a dictionary at hand. 8) The construction of the dam got under way before any environmental
impact assessment had been done.（without…）
case. 3) I was the last one to expect that my case would develop into one of the
most famous trials in American history. 4) “This is a completely inappropriate jury, too ignorant and partial.”
I felt great sympathy for Bryan for being ignored by the spectators, who pushed by him to shake Darrow’s hand.
.
l
2. Translation A. 1) I didn’t expect that I would get involved in this dispute. 2) You must involve yourself in this work if you want to learn something. 3) Racial discrimination still exists in various forms in the US although racial
The Trial that Rocked the Worldrhetorical device 高英讲课讲稿
Darrow walked slowly round the baking court (Para. 14)
达罗绕着那气氛紧张、异常闷热的法庭踱着步。 baking本来是指烤面包，所以作者在此移来说明 另一具体事物court，描述法庭在审理这场震惊 世界的审判时紧张而闷热的气氛。
贫穷的富人
千言万语的沉默
• cold pleasant manner
past participle → adj.
Байду номын сангаас
冷淡热情的态度
long-lived death永生的 • bad good news 坏的好消
死亡
息
adv. + adj.
a wisely stupid idea 自 作聪明的傻主意
a mercifully fatal blow 仁慈的致命打击
Transferred epithet is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really belong.
throwing a reassuring arm round
my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (Para. 2)
就在我们静候着法庭开审的时候，达罗关切地搂住我 的肩膀低声安慰道：“别担心，孩子，我们会给他们点厉害 瞧瞧。”
the_trial_that_rocked_the_world_背景介绍精讲
• 1925年的炎炎夏日，“猴子审判” 在代顿开审。小镇里挤满了重视 这次审判的男男女女。约翰斯各 普斯后来写道：我的一举一动都 被注视着。但在未来两个星期却 没有人重视被告。双方的辩护律 师成为了焦点。约翰 斯各普斯被 利用了，但是他完全愿意被利用。
• On the most sensational day of the trial, when Clarence Darrow interrogated William Jennings Bryan as an expert on the Bible, Scopes actually became a reporter for his own trial-filling in for a journalist who had left town! • The trial ended in a conviction. The judge imposed a fine of $100 and John Scopes spoke for the first time. "Your honor," he said, "I feel that I have been convicted of violating an unjust statute. I will continue in the future, as I have in the past, to oppose this law in any way I can."
• John Thomas Scopes came to Tennessee fresh out of college. In the spring of 1925, he had just completed his first year as science teacher and part-time football coach at the high school in the little town of Dayton.
the-trial-that-rocked-the-worldPPT课件
Para. 20. After the evidence was completed, Bryan rose to address the jury.
Para. 44. The jury were asked to consider their verdict… the jurymen retired … the verdict was guilty…
I was fined
-
2
After the trial
Structure of the text
Part I(1-9) Introduction
Part II(10-44) The Trial
Part III(45-48) The Post-Trial Happeningstest the legality of sth./ to do the just In a court • Judge • Panel of jury---- jurors • Defendant • Prosecutor • Police or the state prosecute • Law/ counsel • Witness--- to testify on one’s behalf • The defendant is indicted---- to charge formally • Defend in the court • Testify/ call the witness for the defense/ against • Adjourn • Jury retired • Verdict----guilty or innocent • conviction.
高级英语第一册 Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World
Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World震撼世界的审判John Scopes 约翰•司科普斯01. A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator , three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时，人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。
我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯•达罗。
担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉•詹宁斯•布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人，而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。
Language Points — Para. 1 (cf: 对比)1. buzz: [bʌz] a noise of a low hum, low confused whisper 低语，（蜂等）嗡嗡叫2. sweltering: very hot, causing unpleasantness, torrid['tɔ:rid], sultry['sʌltri] 闷热的，热得发昏的；酷热3. counsel: ['kaunsəl] a group of one or more lawyers (barristers['bæristə]) acting for someone in a court of law律师、辩护人eg: The judge asked counsel for the defence to explain his point.法官要求律师辩解他的观点。
高英课文 the trial that rock the world背景及美国司法体制介绍
Good morning, ladies and gentimen .Thank you very much for your participation in this presentation .Today’s presentation mainly deal with our text book ,lessonten__The trial that rocked the world .First, let us have a look at the author John Scopes.This article is written by John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970).John Scopes (1900~1970) came to Tennessee fresh out of college. In the spring of 1925, he had just completed his first year as science teacher and part-time football coach at the high school in the little town of Dayton. In that year of 1925, he violated a state law by teaching the theory of evolution in a Tennessee high school. 约翰斯各普斯(1900-1970)1925年24岁的斯各普斯从肯尼亚大学毕业，任田纳西州代顿镇中学的生物老师和橄榄球队教练。
1925年他由于教授达尔文的进化论而受到指控The trial began on July 10, 1925 and ended with Scopes guilty and $100 fine 。
the trial that rocked the world高级英语.ppt
Background knowledge – 2. The New Testament
The New Testament is built on the foundation of the Old Testament and taken directly, and sometimes in a radicalized way, from the Old Testament. Not abolishing the Old Testament, the New Testament replaces it with new doctrines. The New Testament is called the Greek Testament with a central element of Christianity, and has played a major role in shaping modern Western culture. Their content is loosely a narration of the first century of Christianity. It all starts with Jesus, son of God, and continues into the moulding of a new religion. The central theme of the New Testament is underlining Jesus as Messiah. The redemption from sin only could be obtained through the belief in Jesus.
Fourth day: God creates lights to separate light from darkness and to mark days, seasons and years. Two great lights are made (most likely the Sun and Moon), and the stars.
TheTrialThatRockedtheWorld高级英语第三版第一册第四课翻译和词汇
Lesson4 The Trial That Rockedthe World震撼世界的审判A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packedcourt on that swelter ing July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famouscrimina l lawyerClarenc e Darrow.Leading counsel for the prosecu tion was William Jenning s Bryan, the silver-tongued orator, three times Democra tic nominee for Preside nt of the UnitedStates,and leaderof the fundame ntalis t movemen t that had brought about my trial.在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时，人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。
我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯.达罗。
担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉.詹宁斯.布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人，而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。
A few weeks beforeI had been an unknown school-teacher in Dayton, a littletown in the mountai ns of Tenness ee. Now I was involve d in a trial reporte d the world over. Seatedin court, ready to testify on my behalf,were a dozen disting uished profess ors and scienti sts, led by Profess or Kirtley Matherof Harvard Univers ity. More than 100 reporte rs were on hand, and even radio announc er s, who for the first time in history were to broadca st a jury trial. "Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks," Darrowhad whisper ed throwin g a reassur ing arm round my shoulde r as we were waiting for the court to open.几个星期之前，我还只是田纳西州山区小镇戴顿的一名默默无闻的中学教员，而现在我却成了一次举世瞩目的庭审活动的当事人。
高级英语第一册 Unit10 The trial that rocked the world 背景介绍
Byran
Trump card
Darrow called Byran as a witness
The climax and verdict of the trial
11 of
13
Result：
The jurymen’s verdict: guilt The judge’s sentence: $100 and costs
The first day…
2 of
13
Conflict
Darwinism
3 of
13
The Scopes Trial
The first day…
Judges of the Monkey Trial The first day…
4 of
13
The local minister to open the session with prayer.
Figure of Speech
Hyperbole
夸 张
exaggerated statement that is made for special effect and is not meant to be taken literally.
（用于达到某种特殊效果的夸 大陈述，且不能按照字面意义 解释。）
The Trial that Rocked the World
The Trial That Rocked the World全文及翻译(word文档良心出品)
The Trial That Rocked the WorldJohn ScopesA buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator , three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.A few weeks before I had been an unknown school-teacher in Dayton, a little town in the mountains of Tennessee. Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over. Seated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University. More than 100 reporters were on hand, and even radio announcer s, who for the first time in history were to broadcast a jury trial. "Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks," Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at the secondary school. For a number of years a clash had been building up between the fundamentalists and the modernists. The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament. The modernists, on the other hand, accepted the theory advanced by Charles Darwin -- that all animal life, including monkeys and men, had evolved from a common ancestor.Fundamentalism was strong in Tennessee, and the state legislature had recently passed a law prohibiting the teaching of "any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the Bible." The new law was aimed squarely at Darwin's theory of evolution. An engineer, George Rappelyea, used to argue with the local people against the law. During one such argument, Rappelyea said that nobody could teach biology without teaching evolution. Since I had been teaching biology, I was sent for."Rappelyea is right," I told them."Then you have been violating the law," one of them Said."So has every other teacher," I replied. "Evolution is explained in Hunter's Civic Biology, and that's our textbook." Rappelyea then made a suggestion. "Let's take this thing to court," he said, "and test the legalityof it."When I was indicted on May 7, no one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S. history. The American Civil Liberties Union announced that it would take my case to the U. S Supreme Court if necessary to establish that a teacher may tell the truth without being sent to jail." Then Bryan volunteered to assist the state in prosecuting me. Immediately the renownedlawyer Clarence Darrow offered his services to defend me.Ironically, I had not known Darrow before my trial but I had met Bryan when he had given a talk at my university. I admired him, although I did not agree with his views.By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on a circusatmosphere. The buildings along the main street were festoonedwith banners. The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sproutedwith rickety stands selling hot dogs, religious books and watermelons. Evangelists set up tents to exhortthe passersby. People from the surrounding hills, mostly fundamentalists, arrived to cheer Bryan against the " infidel outsiders" Among them was John Butler, who had drawn up the anti-evolution law. Butler was a 49-year-old farmer who before his election had never been out of his native county.The presiding judge was John Raulston, a florid-faced man who announced: "I'm just a reg'lar mountaineer jedge." Bryan, ageing and paunchy , was assisted in his prosecution by his son, also a lawyer, and Tennessee's brilliant young attorney-general, Tom Stewart. Besides the shrewd 68-year-old Darrow, my counsel included the handsome and magnetic Dudley Field Malone, 43, and Arthur Garfield Hays, quiet, scholarly and steeped in the law. In a trial in which religion played a key role, Darrow was an agnostic, Malone a Catholic and Hays a Jew. My father had come from Kentucky to be with me for the trial.The judge called for a local minister to open the session with prayer, and the trial got under way. Of the 12 jurors, three had never read any book except the Bible. One couldn't read. As my father growled, "That's one hell of a jury!"After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his opening statement. "My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotryare , and it is a mighty strong combination."Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. "Today it is the teachers, "he continued, "and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind. ""That damned infidel," a woman whispered loudly as he finished his address.The following day the prosecution began calling wit-nesses against me. Two of my pupils testified, grinning shyly at me, that I had taught them evolution, but added that they had not been contaminated by the experience. Howard Morgan, a bright lad of 14, testified that I had taught that man was a mammal like cows, horses, dogs and cats."He didn't say a cat was the same as a man?" Darrow asked."No, sir," the youngster said. "He said man had reasoning power.""There is some doubt about that," Darrow snorted.After the evidence was completed, Bryan rose to address the jury. The issue was simple, he declared "The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below." The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed to his work. In one hand he brandished a biology text as he denounced the scientists who had come to Dayton to testify for the defence."The Bible," he thundered in his sonorous organ tones, " is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come hundreds of miles to testify that they can reconcile evolution, with its ancestors in the jungle, with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as par t of a divine plan."As he finished, jaw out-thrust, eyes flashing, the audience burst into applauseand shouts of "Amen". Yet something was lacking. Gone was the fierce fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breath of his oratory as he should have. Dudley Field Malone popped up to reply. "Mr. Bryan is not the only one who has the right to speak for the Bible, he observed. "There are other people in this country who have given up their whole lives to God and religion. Mr. Bryan, with passionate spirit and enthusiasm, has given post of his life to politics." Bryan sipped from a jug of water as Malone's voice grew in volume. He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion."There is never a duel with the truth," he roared. "The truth always wins -- and we are not afraid of it. The truth does not need Mr. Bryan. The truth is eternal, immortal and needs no human agency to support it! "When Malone finished there was a momentary hush. Then the court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan. But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan, the judge ruled against permitting the scientists to testify for the defence.When the court adjourned, we found Dayton's streets swarming with strangers. Hawkerscried their wares on every corner. One shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE. (This was J. R. Darwin's everything to Wear Store.) One entrepreneur rented a shop window to display an ape. Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponderwhether they might be related."The poor brute cowered in a corner with his hands over his eyes, ” a reporter noted, "afraid it might be true. "H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his Pants with a tan blowing on him, and there was talk of running him out of town for referring to the local citizenry as yokels . Twenty-two telegraphists were sending out 165 000 words a day on the trial.Because of the heat and a fear that the old court's floor might collapse, under the weight of the throng, the trial was resumed outside under the maples. More than 2 000 spectators sat on wooden benches or squattedon the grass, perched on the tops of parked cars or gawked from windows.Then came the climax of the trial. Because of the wording of the anti-evolution law, the prosecution was forced to take the position that the Bible must be interpreted literally. Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defence. The judge looked startled. "We are calling him as an expert on the Bible," Darrow said. "His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."Bryan was suspicious of the wily Darrow, yet he could not refuse the challenge. For year s he had lectured and written on the Bible. He had campaigned against Darwinism in Tennessee even before passage of the anti-evolution law. Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.Under Darrow's quiet questioning he acknowledged believing the Bible literally, and the crowd punctuated his defiant replies with fervent "Amens".Darrow read from Genesis: "And the evening and the morning were the first day." Then he asked Bryan if he believed that the sun was created on the fourth day. Bryan said that he did."How could there have been a morning and evening with-out any sun?" Darrow enquired.Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. There were sniggers from the crowd, even among the faithful. Darrow twirled his spectacles as he pursued the questioning. He asked if Bryan believed literally in the story of Eve. Bryan answered in the affirmative."And you believe that God punished the serpent by condemning snakes for ever after to crawl upon their bellies?""I believe that.""Well, have you any idea how the snake went before that time?"The crowd laughed, and Bryan turned livid. His voice rose and the fan in his hand shook in anger."Your honor," he said. "I will answer all Mr. Darrow's questions at once. I want the world to know that this man who does not believe in God is using a Tennessee court to cast slurs on Him...""I object to that statement,” Darrow shouted. “ I am examining you on your tool ideas that no intelligent Christian on earth believes."The judge used his gavel to quell the hubbuband adjourned court until next day.Bryan stood forlornly alone. My heart went out to the old warrior as spectator s pushed by him to shake Darrow's hand.The jury were asked to consider their verdict at noon the following day. The jurymen retired to a corner of the lawn and whispered for just nine minutes. The verdict was guilty. I was fined 100 dollars and costs.Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a "victorious defeat." A few southern papers, loyal to their faded champion, hailed it as a victory for Bryan. But Bryan, sad and exhausted, died in Dayton two days after the trial.I was offered my teaching job back but I declined. Some of the professors who had come to testify on my be-half arranged a scholarship for me at the University of Chicago so that I could pursue the study of science. Later I became a geologist for an oil company.Not long ago I went back to Dayton for the first time since my trial 37 years ago. The little town looked much the same to me. But now there is a William Jennings Bryan University on a hill-top over looking the valley.There were other changes, too. Evolution is taught in Tennessee, though the law under which I was convicted is still on the books. The oratorial storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices of the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.。
Lesson 10 The Trial That Rocked__ the World 高级英语第一册课件
Background Material
3. Main characters in the trial 1) John Scopes 2) The defendant counsels (counsels for the defense):
Clarence Darrow; Dudley Field Malone 3) The prosecutor counsel (counsel for the prosecution)
Origin oll organisms, including ourselves, are the products of a slow, natural process of development —"evolution’’.
Social Background of Darwins
Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837, when she was 18 years old. She ruled for 63 years until 1901, longer than any other British King or queen had ever ruled. This period came to be known as the Victorian Age. During this period, great economic, social, and political changes took place and Great Britain became the strongest and richest country in the world. The British Empire, which included Canada, Australia, India, New Zealand, and large parts of Africa, had about a quarter of the world’s land and about a quarter of the world’s people. Wealth poured into Britain from its colonies. Industry and trade expanded rapidly, and the country became known as the workshop of the world, by the end of the age, Britain was becoming more the banker of the world. Science and technology made great advances. People were better educated. The middle class grew enormously. Literature flourished. In addition, the government introduced democratic reforms.
(完整word版)The Trial That Rocked the World全文及翻译
The Trial That Rocked the WorldJohn ScopesA buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator , three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.A few weeks before I had been an unknown school-teacher in Dayton, a little town in the mountains of Tennessee. Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over. Seated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University. More than 100 reporters were on hand, and even radio announcer s, who for the first time in history were to broadcast a jury trial. "Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks," Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at the secondary school. For a number of years a clash had been building up between the fundamentalists and the modernists. The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament. The modernists, on the other hand, accepted the theory advanced by Charles Darwin -- that all animal life, including monkeys and men, had evolved from a common ancestor.Fundamentalism was strong in Tennessee, and the state legislature had recently passed a law prohibiting the teaching of "any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the Bible." The new law was aimed squarely at Darwin's theory of evolution. An engineer, George Rappelyea, used to argue with the local people against the law. During one such argument, Rappelyea said that nobody could teach biology without teaching evolution. Since I had been teaching biology, I was sent for."Rappelyea is right," I told them."Then you have been violating the law," one of them Said."So has every other teacher," I replied. "Evolution is explained in Hunter's Civic Biology, and that's our textbook." Rappelyea then made a suggestion. "Let's take this thing to court," he said, "and test the legalityof it."When I was indicted on May 7, no one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S. history. The American Civil Liberties Union announced that it would take my case to the U. S Supreme Court if necessary to establish that a teacher may tell the truth without being sent to jail." Then Bryan volunteered to assist the state in prosecuting me. Immediately the renownedlawyer Clarence Darrow offered his services to defend me.Ironically, I had not known Darrow before my trial but I had met Bryan when he had given a talk at my university. I admired him, although I did not agree with his views.By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on a circusatmosphere. The buildings along the main street were festoonedwith banners. The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sproutedwith rickety stands selling hot dogs, religious books and watermelons. Evangelists set up tents to exhortthe passersby. People from the surrounding hills, mostly fundamentalists, arrived to cheer Bryan against the " infidel outsiders" Among them was John Butler, who had drawn up the anti-evolution law. Butler was a 49-year-old farmer who before his election had never been out of his native county.The presiding judge was John Raulston, a florid-faced man who announced: "I'm just a reg'lar mountaineer jedge." Bryan, ageing and paunchy , was assisted in his prosecution by his son, also a lawyer, and Tennessee's brilliant young attorney-general, Tom Stewart. Besides the shrewd 68-year-old Darrow, my counsel included the handsome and magnetic Dudley Field Malone, 43, and Arthur Garfield Hays, quiet, scholarly and steeped in the law. In a trial in which religion played a key role, Darrow was an agnostic, Malone a Catholic and Hays a Jew. My father had come from Kentucky to be with me for the trial.The judge called for a local minister to open the session with prayer, and the trial got under way. Of the 12 jurors, three had never read any book except the Bible. One couldn't read. As my father growled, "That's one hell of a jury!"After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his opening statement. "My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotryare , and it is a mighty strong combination."Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. "Today it is the teachers, "he continued, "and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind. ""That damned infidel," a woman whispered loudly as he finished his address.The following day the prosecution began calling wit-nesses against me. Two of my pupils testified, grinning shyly at me, that I had taught them evolution, but added that they had not been contaminated by the experience. Howard Morgan, a bright lad of 14, testified that I had taught that man was a mammal like cows, horses, dogs and cats."He didn't say a cat was the same as a man?" Darrow asked."No, sir," the youngster said. "He said man had reasoning power.""There is some doubt about that," Darrow snorted.After the evidence was completed, Bryan rose to address the jury. The issue was simple, he declared "The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below." The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed to his work. In one hand he brandished a biology text as he denounced the scientists who had come to Dayton to testify for the defence."The Bible," he thundered in his sonorous organ tones, " is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come hundreds of miles to testify that they can reconcile evolution, with its ancestors in the jungle, with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as par t of a divine plan."As he finished, jaw out-thrust, eyes flashing, the audience burst into applauseand shouts of "Amen". Yet something was lacking. Gone was the fierce fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breath of his oratory as he should have. Dudley Field Malone popped up to reply. "Mr. Bryan is not the only one who has the right to speak for the Bible, he observed. "There are other people in this country who have given up their whole lives to God and religion. Mr. Bryan, with passionate spirit and enthusiasm, has given post of his life to politics." Bryan sipped from a jug of water as Malone's voice grew in volume. He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion."There is never a duel with the truth," he roared. "The truth always wins -- and we are not afraid of it. The truth does not need Mr. Bryan. The truth is eternal, immortal and needs no human agency to support it! "When Malone finished there was a momentary hush. Then the court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan. But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan, the judge ruled against permitting the scientists to testify for the defence.When the court adjourned, we found Dayton's streets swarming with strangers. Hawkerscried their wares on every corner. One shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE. (This was J. R. Darwin's everything to Wear Store.) One entrepreneur rented a shop window to display an ape. Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponderwhether they might be related."The poor brute cowered in a corner with his hands over his eyes, ” a reporter noted, "afraid it might be true. "H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his Pants with a tan blowing on him, and there was talk of running him out of town for referring to the local citizenry as yokels . Twenty-two telegraphists were sending out 165 000 words a day on the trial.Because of the heat and a fear that the old court's floor might collapse, under the weight of the throng, the trial was resumed outside under the maples. More than 2 000 spectators sat on wooden benches or squattedon the grass, perched on the tops of parked cars or gawked from windows.Then came the climax of the trial. Because of the wording of the anti-evolution law, the prosecution was forced to take the position that the Bible must be interpreted literally. Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defence. The judge looked startled. "We are calling him as an expert on the Bible," Darrow said. "His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."Bryan was suspicious of the wily Darrow, yet he could not refuse the challenge. For year s he had lectured and written on the Bible. He had campaigned against Darwinism in Tennessee even before passage of the anti-evolution law. Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.Under Darrow's quiet questioning he acknowledged believing the Bible literally, and the crowd punctuated his defiant replies with fervent "Amens".Darrow read from Genesis: "And the evening and the morning were the first day." Then he asked Bryan if he believed that the sun was created on the fourth day. Bryan said that he did."How could there have been a morning and evening with-out any sun?" Darrow enquired.Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. There were sniggers from the crowd, even among the faithful. Darrow twirled his spectacles as he pursued the questioning. He asked if Bryan believed literally in the story of Eve. Bryan answered in the affirmative."And you believe that God punished the serpent by condemning snakes for ever after to crawl upon their bellies?""I believe that.""Well, have you any idea how the snake went before that time?"The crowd laughed, and Bryan turned livid. His voice rose and the fan in his hand shook in anger."Your honor," he said. "I will answer all Mr. Darrow's questions at once. I want the world to know that this man who does not believe in God is using a Tennessee court to cast slurs on Him...""I object to that statement,” Darrow shouted. “ I am examining you on your tool ideas that no intelligent Christian on earth believes."The judge used his gavel to quell the hubbuband adjourned court until next day.Bryan stood forlornly alone. My heart went out to the old warrior as spectator s pushed by him to shake Darrow's hand.The jury were asked to consider their verdict at noon the following day. The jurymen retired to a corner of the lawn and whispered for just nine minutes. The verdict was guilty. I was fined 100 dollars and costs.Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a "victorious defeat." A few southern papers, loyal to their faded champion, hailed it as a victory for Bryan. But Bryan, sad and exhausted, died in Dayton two days after the trial.I was offered my teaching job back but I declined. Some of the professors who had come to testify on my be-half arranged a scholarship for me at the University of Chicago so that I could pursue the study of science. Later I became a geologist for an oil company.Not long ago I went back to Dayton for the first time since my trial 37 years ago. The little town looked much the same to me. But now there is a William Jennings Bryan University on a hill-top over looking the valley.There were other changes, too. Evolution is taught in Tennessee, though the law under which I was convicted is still on the books. The oratorial storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices of the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.。
高级英语 The Trial That Rocked the World背景
(William Jennings Bryan)
威廉詹宁斯布莱安 (1860-1925)
•
一位天生的演说家、名律师、参选三次的总统候 选人，也是一位虔诚的新教徒。他出生于伊利诺州的 塞勒姆(Salem)，却在内布拉斯加州展开政治生涯。 1890年他在美国众议院中取得席位。苦于东北部农作 物交易价格过低的中西部及南部的贫苦农民便组成了 人民党(Populist Party)，布莱恩为这些农民及劳动 者(也就是所谓的平民)所做的努力，为他赢得「伟大 的平民」的称号。 • 身为Omaha World-Herald 的编辑，他发表了一篇 激情洋溢的致辞，被称为“黄金十字架”（Cross of Gold），使他赢得了民主党的候选人的资格。在1896 年与威廉·麦金莱竞选时失败，也因此导致了人民党 的解体。 • 三次代表民主党竞选总统（1896、1900、1908）， 均失败。威尔逊总统上台后任命他为国务卿，后因对 于卢西塔尼亚号事件的意见与威尔逊不一致而辞职。 他是虔诚的基督教信徒，反对进化论。
Charles Robert Darwin
•
生物发展的规律，成为进化论的奠基者。 • 二.他以博物学家的身份，参加了英国派遣的环球航行，做 了五年的科学考察。在动植物和地质方面进行了大量的观察 和采集，经过综合探讨，形成了生物进化的概念。1859年出 版了震动当时学术界的《物种起源》。 • 三.书中用大量资料证明了所有的生物都不是上帝创造的， 而是在遗传、变异、生存斗争中和自然选择中，由简单到复 杂，由低等到高等，不断发展变化的，提出了生物进化论学 说，从而摧毁了唯心的“神造论”和"物种不变论"。恩格斯 将“进化论”列为19世纪自然科学的三大发现之一（其他两 个是细胞学说、能量守恒和转化定律）。 • 四.他的《物种起源》和《人类的进化》对近代生物科学产 生了很大的影响，具有划时代的意义，他还提出了“物竞天 择，适者生存”的理论，在目前的生命科学中是一致通用的 理论。 除了生物学之外，他的理论对人类学、心理学以及哲 学来说也相当重要。
高级英语the trial that rocked the world 法庭及人物背景介绍
The jury
A grand jury
大陪审团
陪审团
A petty jury
小陪审团
The jury's role is to judge whether the defendant is guilty.
大陪审团
A grand jury usually have 12 to 23 members. they consider the evidence and determine whether a trial is justified.
小陪审团，通常由12名成员 组成，根据证据作出判决。
Evolutionist（进化论） Fundamentalism (原教主义）
The Prosecutor
William Jennings Bryan(1860-1925)
William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925): was born in Salem. In his middle-class family, great emphasis was placed on religion and morality in politics and conduct of national affairs .After graduating from Illinois College of Law in Chicago, he had his own law office. In 1887,Byran moved to Lincoln, Nebraska practicing law and turning toward politics.
达德雷费尔德马隆（ 1882至1954年） ： 美国律师。他是纽约城市律师（ 1909年） ，于1913年成为国务卿。马龙，自由思想 倡导者，在猴子审判中他是法律工作人员。
高级英语(第三版)第一册第四课 The Trail That Rocked the World
2) To acquaint students with the Monkey Trail event
3) To help students to appreciate the writer’s style and abundant use of figure of speech.
Certain legal terms
Pp(3-9) Flashback
Para 1
• A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator, three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamental movement that had brought about the trial.
•
buzz: a noise of a low hum, low confused whisper/ a long continuous sound e.g. Mosquitoes buzzed around me all night. A buzz of excitement filled the courtroom as the defendant was led in.
高级英语第一册 Unit10 The trial that rocked the world 背景介绍
Part III(45-48) The Post-Trial Happenings
震撼世界的审判
The Trial That Rocked the World 2020/1/2
14 of 13
Part I(1-9) Introduction
Pp(1-2) Opening Scene
Pp(3-9) Flashback
2020/1/2
5 of 13
Darrow got up to make his opening statement.
2020/1/2
6 of 13
Byran
2020/1/2
Byran rose to address the jury. The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.
Paras 26-28: outside the court while adjourning
Paras 29-44: the climax and verdict of the trial
震撼世界的审判
The Trial That Rocked the World 2020/1/2
16 of 13
debates
Defense lawyer
preliminary sparring over legalities; what John Scopes is here for?
The prosecutor
spectators
Para.15
The second day (16-43)
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Good morning, ladies and gentimen .Thank you very much for your participation in this presentation .Today’s presentation mainly deal with our text book ,lessonten__The trial that rocked the world .First, let us have a look at the author John Scopes.This article is written by John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970).John Scopes (1900~1970) came to Tennessee fresh out of college. In the spring of 1925, he had just completed his first year as science teacher and part-time football coach at the high school in the little town of Dayton. In that year of 1925, he violated a state law by teaching the theory of evolution in a Tennessee high school. 约翰斯各普斯(1900-1970)1925年24岁的斯各普斯从肯尼亚大学毕业，任田纳西州代顿镇中学的生物老师和橄榄球队教练。
1925年他由于教授达尔文的进化论而受到指控The trial began on July 10, 1925 and ended with Scopes guilty and $100 fine 。
And after the famoustrial ,he was offered his teaching job back but he declined . Some of the professors who had come to testify on his behalf arranged a scholarship for him at the University of Chicagoso that he could pursue the study of science . Later he became a geologist for an oil company . ,以Scopes败诉结案并判处Scopes100美元的罚款审判结束后，斯各普斯放弃了教学并离开了代顿。
他接受了芝加哥大学的一项奖学金，获得了地质学硕士学位，并在委内瑞拉作一个石油工程师。
Now comes to the background of the Trial: It all began when the state of Tennessee passed a law -the Butler law -making it a crime to teach evolution in public schools. 这一切源于《布特勒法》的颁布。
Scopes was accused of teaching volution in public schools .Actually he even could not remember wether he had really taught Darwin's theory or not, but he admintted in court and also declaired that he would do too,in the future.虽然他记不清是否教授了进化论，但他在法庭说他讲了而且还会再讲Actually scopes as well as the buttler law, were just symble of the conflict.the real conflict was the one between the two theories about how humanbeing’s been created.:__the Fundamentlism and the Evolutionism斯各普斯和那个《布特勒法》一样，只是一个象征。
真正的原因是由于当时关于人类起源两种学说--原教旨主义，基要主义和达尔文进化学说之间的冲突。
The evolutionism thinks that all creatures are the results on nature’s selection.And they developed from low class to high class, from simple to complex. While the fundamentalism holds the idea that God had created everthing and whahtever Bibe said was true .Ironical in a totally literal meaning, that they thought the evlutionism means that man are developped from monkey. So the trial was also called Monkey Trial or Scopes Trial . 进化论认为所有的生物都是自然选择的结果。
万物进化从低级到高级,从简单到复杂。
而原教旨主义的理念,则认为拥有了神创造一切,圣经上说的都是真实的。
可是讽刺的她们只是一味的推崇的只是些字面意思。
他们认为进化论就是人是猴子变的。
因此这个审判也被称为猴子审判或者Scopes审判.The trial began on July 10, 1925 and ended with Scopes guilty and $100 fine. Later on ,Scopes said :“I’m guilty of violating unjustied law and I will keep teaching Darven’s theory in the future.”Scopes’s side lost the case but won the national fame.A film,called Inherit the Wind,was made from the trial ,with much of the diologue coming directly form transcripts of the court proceedings. The typical play had won 4 Oscar nomination。
审判开始于1925年7月10日,以Scopes败诉结案后来,SCOPES说:“我认为我因为违反了不公正的章程被判有罪。
在今后我将像以前一样继续教授进化论，用各种方法反对这不公正的法律。
”Scopes 方打输了这场官司,却赢得了全国范围的声誉。
在20世纪0年代，它被编成了百老汇戏剧《承受清风》（Inherit the Wind ,语出《圣经》：“扰害己家的，必承受清风。
愚昧人必作慧心人的仆人。
”），马上被视为经典之作。
1960年被编成电影，获得四项奥斯卡提名。
•Next， let’s move to the next part_The American justice system.The main system ofAmerican judical is the seperation of pawer into 3major part_to let the three powers —legislative, executive, and judicial— to be respectivelyperformed by the congress ,government and thecourt,achieving a mutual counterbalance.三权分立制度是指把国家的立法、行政、司法三种权力，分别由议会、政府、法院独立行使并相互制衡的制度。
三权分立制度是根据近代分权学说建立起来的，为大多数资本主义国家所采用的国家机关组织与活动的基本制度。
Here ,I’ve downed a picture from internet .It can give us visual understanding of American judical system structure.And 。
（见PPT）We need to pay attention herethat The federal court system and 52 State courts are at the same level They don’t control or predominanted by each other.虽然联邦最高法院是全美国的最高法院，其决定对美国各级各类法院均有约束力，但是联邦法院系统并不高于州法院系统，二者之间没有管辖或隶属关系。
从一定意义上讲，美国的法院系统为“双轨制”，一边是联邦法院，一边是州法院，二者平行Below the supreme court there are USDistrict Court美国地方法院, US Court of Appeal美国上诉法庭 and The Unite State Super Court和美国超级法院， the state court consists of one state court for each of the 50 states ,One for The district of Columbia and A Federal System.The Supreme court, The Supreme court is American’shighest judicial body and is established by the American Constitution. It consists of the chief justice of the United States and 8 associate justices. All justices are appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate.Appointments are for life "during good behavio r," otherwise terminating only by resignation or impeachment and conviction最高法院，由美国宪法规定，是国家的最高司法机构，对美国和八个副首席法官组成的法官。