研究生英语期末考试复习资料.docx

第一章:
1、T here appears so many phenomenon that ___ common sense in science study.
A、defy 向…挑战；不服从
B、reject C> refuse D^ neglect 忽略
2、______ to secret document is denied to all but few. （deny 扌巨绝）
A、Access
B、Approach
C、Contact
D、Touch
x The two most important _______ in making a cake are flour and suga匚
A、elements
B、components
C、ingredients组成成分；（烹调的）原料
D、constituents选民；成分
4^ The government gave a very _______ expla nation of its plans for in dustrial developme nl・
A、extensive
B、widespread
C、universal D^ comprehensive 综合的
5 x They committed ______ crimes to the county and the people （committee the crime罪）
A、huge B> vast C、immense 极大的D、enormous
6、E ducation is _______ f or all school-age children in many a county
A、demanded
B、compulsory 强制性的，义务的C^ requested D、general
7、W hile a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, leading to a successful treatment could come sooner.
A、a distinction 区别，荣誉，特质
B、a breakthrough
C、an identification识别，身份证明，认同D^ an interpretation解释，表演，理解
8、M any people think that the slandards of public _______ have declined （下降）
A、morality 道德，道德观
B、rightness C^ awareness D、mentality
9、H ousewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full ______
A、capacity B> strength C、length D> possibility
10> These recommendations will need to be ________ t o the committee （委员会，1监护人）before
they can be implemented
A、cultivated E* justified C、notified D、informed
第三章:
1、But more significantly （重要土也，有意义土也），it will materials and machines into space
for industrial purpose unimagined（无法想象的）two decades ago when sputnik（人造卫星）was added to be vocabulary
A、deliver
B、utter 讲，出版
C、dedicate
D、deduct 减去，演绎
2^ There are occasions when giving a gift _______ spoken communication, since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and cultural diversity
A^ overtakes 追上B> nourishes 养育，喂养
C、surpass 优于
D、enforces 实施，强迫
3s Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of ___________ rouping is advisable
A、instantaneous 瞬间的
B、spontaneous 自然的
C> rigorous严密的，严格的D、homogeneous同类的
4、It also means that governments are increasing compelled（强迫）to _____ in these sectors （咅0
门）in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized（利用）to the best advantage
A、interfere 干预
B、incur 引起，干预
C、intrude 打扰D^ initiate
5^ It is best not to _____ o n you misfortunes
B、dwell居住,细想某事
A、dull迟钝的
D^ dwarf使显得矮小
6> Although great natural barriers（障碍物）hindered（阻碍）east-west development in Canada,
this circumstance was mitigated（缓解，减轻）by the _____ river and lakes systems that provided avenues（途径）for the fur trader, missionary soldier, and settler
A、potent有效地
B、multiple多功能的C^ modify修改D、mighty巨大的
7、_______________ The virus by attaching to a cell and injecting its nucleic acid once inside the cell.
A、replicas 复制品n
B、replicates 再生v
C、repudiate否认，拒绝接收
D、requisite必需品n,需要ndj
8、Although fats and oils are as nutritionally important as energy sources, medical research
indicates that _______ fats may contribute to hardening of the arteries
A、saturated 饱和的
B、pervaded
C、permeated 传播，渗入D^ penetrated 渗入
9、It took 16 years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move 5 million cubic feet of earth and
rock, and to plant half a million tress and shrubs, making a ___________ t o nature- a romantic nineteenth-century perception of nature
A^ tribute礼物，颂辞，证据B、attribute认为…是，属性
C、contribute
D、tribune 民众领袖，论坛
10、T he detective investigating the murder case examined the body, inspected the scene of the
crime, and ________ the weapon for clues（线索）
A、audit 审计B> scrutinized 仔细检查v
C、scrutiny仔细检查n
D、scruple感到于心不安，有顾虑
第五章：
1、In the spring export commodities（商品）fair（展览会），the _ of fine china attracted much
attention of customers from all over the world
A> string B> procession C^ array 阵歹U D、succession
2^ We should make a clear _________ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion
A、distinction 差别，区另U，对比B> discrimination 歧视C、deviation 背离 D、separation
3、Fortunetellei•（算命者）are good at making ____ statements such as u Your sorrows will
change n
A、philosophical哲学上的，冷静的，明达的
B、ambiguous不明确的
C、literal照字面的，原义的
D、invalid无效的
4^ Diamonds（纟占石）have little _____ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity（缺乏，稀少）
A、extinct灭绝的
B、permanent永久的C^ surplus it剩的D^ intrinsic固有的本质的5^ The court considers a financial _____________ to be an appropriate way of punishing him A^ payment 付款，支付B、obligation 义务，债务C^ option D、penalty 惩罚
6、The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _______
A^ illusion错觉，幻想B、impression印象，效果
C、image
D、illumination 照明，解釋清楚
7^ We are doing this work in the _______ of reforms（改良）in the economic, social and cultural sphere
A、context 背景B> contest 比赛n,竞争v
C、pretext借口，掩饰D> texture结构，本质
8、Being somewhat shortsign ted（近视，没有远见），she had the habit of ___ at people
A、glancing 朝…看了一眼
B、peering 凝视C^ gazing D^ scanning
9、What the corresp on dent sent us is an ______ news report. We can depend on it
A^ evident明显的B、authentic真正的，可信的
C、ultimate最后的，极限的,最大的
D、immediate立即的，当前的
10、_______ In time human being did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climate
A、prime 最初的primitive 原始的C、primary 最早的D、preliminary 初步的
第七章：
1.Prejudicing（偏见）vital（至关重要的）foreign policy considerations in order to rescue
individuals finds its domestic（| ^1 内的）equivalent （相等的）in the inflated awards paid to accident and malpractice victims.
bustion（燃烧，骚动）within the populace（百姓，平民）slowly built up to the point
of revolution（革命）.
3.I told the judge that I could not perceive（意识到，理解）any difference between the two coins.
4.The aero plane was a bit bumpy （气流不稳的）at times and one or two were sick（恶心的，
不舒服的）.
5.They criticized Martin Luther King for his rigid（顽固的）stance （态度，立场）on non-
violence.
6.The tutor（导师）told his students to prune （修剪）an article of its superfluities（多余物）•
7.Sir Alexander Fleming stumbles （无意屮发现）on his great discovery of penicillin（青霉
素）quite by accident.
& She won by default（缺席不到场），because her opponent（对手）refused to play.
9.I always replenish（补充）my food supply before it is deplete（耗尽）•
10.With success and prosperity（繁荣。

吕盛，成功）,John was finally able to ease off（减轻,
挪开）.
精读课后翻译：
第一章：
1.公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取
行动。

The slogans and characters in the public service message are more than memorable ■一they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.
2.大学教育的最终结果应该由学生在课堂的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识
的运用，是否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职。

The outcomes of collegiate education should be measured by the student〃s
performanee in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge, acquire
a solid basic educati on and become compete nt in a spec ific field.
3.美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间，让我们沉思找到灵感，以助我们更好地
旅行。

The beautiful campus provides an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid us in that journey.
4.在知识之旅上，你们不是独行者。

我们有出色的师资和员工。

他们致力于求
知和理解，将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。

You'll not be expected to undertake this intellectual journey on your own. We have an exceptional faculty and staff, dedicated to the search for knowledge and understariding, who will support and encourage you in your journey.
5.人们的生活离不开自然，这是自然资源保护论者的第一原则。

然而，人们不能
在自然中生活而不对其加以改造。

People cannot live apart from nature: that is the first principle of the conservationists.
And yet, people cannot live in nature without change it.
6.世界经济飞速发展以及经济和科技领域的激烈竞争，对教育提出了强有力的挑
战。

Flying developme nt of science and tech no logy worldwide, as well as inten sity competiti on in economic and tech no logical fields has addressed a tough challenge to education.
7.由于欧盟设定了严格标准以减少垃圾填埋并提倡包装的循环利用，包装行业目
前受到了从未有过的严格监督。

The packing industry now finds itself under scrutiny as never before, as tough EU targets are set to reduce landfilli ng and in crease recycli ng.
8.中国与发达国家在科技领域存在着差距，因此必须依赖科技和教育的发展来推
行可持续发展战略。

There is a gap between China and advanced countries in the area of scienee and tech no logy ・ So it must depe nd on science, tech no logy and educati on to carry out a sustainable development strategy・
第三章：
有人说这世界是男人的天下，然而，根据市场调查公司NPD的研究，大多数购物和娱乐消费都是由女人做主的。

人们早就知道，家人衣着和家庭装饰大多由女人做主，但这次对美国5」万个家庭所做的调查却表明，其他一些购买决策行为中也存在着令人惊异的性别分野。

根据调查结果，在挑选电影、餐馆和电视节目的时候，
男人也会听从女人的意见。

此外，调查数据还表明，由女人说了算的事情还包括在电影院里坐什么位置、上哪儿去买食品以及请哪些客人到家里来。

实际上，男人只在选购个人电子产品、买家用轿车以及制订家庭预算等事情上有些许发言权。

主持此次调查的NPD公司首席分析师马歇尔科恩说，购买行为中的性别差异对广告业、传媒业以及培训行业来说意义重大。

他说：“管理品牌、推销产品或是从事广告工作的人必须密切注意消费者动态的变化/
Some say it's a man's world, but women actually make most purchasing and entertainment decisions, according to a study by market research firm NPD. It's long been accepted that women pick out most of the clothes for the family and decide on home furnishings, but this study of 51000 U.S. households showed some surprising facets of purchasing decisions broken down by gender. Men defer to women when it comes to choosing movies, restaurants and television shows, according to the survey. The data indicated that women also decide where to sit in a movie theatre, where to shop for food and which guests come to the family home. In fact, the only areas where men had any clout involved personal electronics purchases, the family car and setting household budgets- The gender differences in purchasing could have implications for advertising, media and education companies, said NPD chief analyst Marshal Cohen, who spearheaded the research. u Anyone who，s managing a brand, marketing a product or working for an advertising agency needs to be conscientious in the shifts in consumer dynamics”，Cohen said.
第五章：
1.我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。

I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film.
2.数月来他经历挫折而不断努力，终于有了收获。

After months of disappointment, his perseveranee was finally rewarded.
3.她把她的意思解释得清清雉雉。

She made her meaning crystal clear.
4.像大多数的夫妻一样，他俩的婚姻波折迭起，但牛活就是这样。

Like most married couples they have had their ups and downs, but life is like that.
5.经过寒冷的冬天，大家都渴望天气有所好转。

Every one is yearning for the weather to change, after this code win ter.
6.这个广告是针对儿童设计的。

This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children.
7.这种骚扰仅仅是人们不满的一种表露而己。

This riot is only one manifestation of people's discontent.
8.原始人用尖石块和兽骨为自己制作原始的工具。

Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones.
第七章：
Historically, Jeep's reputation as a go 一- anywhere vehicle dates back to the Second
World War when the original Jeeps, supplied by the Willys company, carried allied forces through the Pacific and Europe.
The Macquarie dictionary of Motoring says the name Jeep stemmed from the United States Army's decision to call the vehicle GP, for General Purpose vehicle. The name was eventually corrupted to "Jeep^ from the pronunciation of the letters GR and because a trademark owned by the Willys company.
Jeep became part of Chrysler in 1988 and the company has since spent a lot of money to revitalize the Jeep production facilities, and to increase the number and style modals available. Chrysler says the Jeep^s war — time reputation and rugged image undoubtedly helped it to carve out a new role in peacetime as recreational vehicle. It says the Jeep created the original market for recreational, off-road vehicles using the powerful four-wheel drive traction (known commercially as 4WD) for which the army jeep was famous.
在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。

这种美名可以追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。

《麦氏汽车驾驶大全》一书认为，“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做GP (for General Purpose)即多功能车之意。

而后，GP这两个字母的读音被误读成为“吉普”，并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。

1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。

克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。

该公司说，吉普为休闲，越野车开发了新市场, 它有强劲的4轮牵引装置(商业上称为4轮驱动)，过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。

1.汽车诞生后发展很快,不久就代替了马。

(displace)
The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was inven ted and soon displaced horses・
2.由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害人体，甚至杀人，我们可能不得不削减私人拥有汽
车的数量而更多地依赖公共交通系统。

(mass transmit systems)
We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public mass transmit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill people.
3.汽车轮子给我们带来了更好、更为便利的交通时，它也应对诸如空气污染、交
通事故、交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。

(be guilty of)
While wheels (automobiles) have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.
4.美国人对汽车的热爱以及他们较大的工作流动性是出了名的。

(be noted for)
America ns are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.
5.要是燃料质量和效率的提高和技术的进步能大大减少汽车的排放量，那该多好
啊。

(ifonly)
If only adva nces in fuel quality and efficie ncy and in tech no logy would radically reduce the emissions from automobiles.
6.在美国，高度发达的公路网使在各地之间来来往往成为可能。

(from coast to coast)
A highly developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from coast
to coast in the United States.
7.一想到这条林荫大道的建设速度，参观者都感到很吃惊：这条路不久前还在开挖
及铺设排水管。

(the very thought of, tear up)
The very thought of the speed at which the beaut讦ul avenue was constructed electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn up to lay drain-pipes not long age.
8.环境保护主义者严厉谴责了汽车，认为汽车是产牛空气污染的主要因素。

(denounce)
Environmentalists have denouneed automobiles, believing they are a major factor in the product!on of dirty air.
9.由于有便利的公共交通，在大都市的市郊，许多新建的住宅群拔地而起。

(rise
up, complex)
Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of metropolitan cities because of the availability of convenient public transportation.
10.尽管非常喜欢汽车，许多人还是相信广泛地使用公共交通系统能缓解交通拥
挤。

(lend credenee to)
Despite their love for cars, many people lend credenee to the extensive use of the public transport system, which can cut down on traffic congestion.。