【英国文学期末复习资料】之英国文学诗歌的鉴赏方法及基本概念

【英国文学期末复习资料】之英国文学诗歌的鉴赏方法及基本概念

How to Read a Poem——Appreciation of English Poetry

1. Basic terms

anapestic抑抑扬格的 content dactylic长短格的

dimeter二步格 form hexameter六步格

iambic短长格 meaning pentameter五步格

rhyme scheme韵式 trochaic扬抑格的 tetrameter四音步

trimeter三音步

2. Basic elements

1）Rhythm韵律: The methods for creating poetic rhythm vary across languages and between poetic traditions. Languages are often described as having timing set primarily by accents, syllables, or moras(调形, 音节延长度), depending on how rhythm is established, though a language can be influenced by multiple approaches.

2）Meter步律：it is the definitive pattern established for a verse (such as iambic pentameter抑扬五音步). the meter of a line may be described as being "iambic". Scanning(将（诗）划分音步) meter can often show the basic or fundamental pattern underlying a verse. As an example of how a line of meter is defined, in English-language iambic pentameter, each line has five metrical feet, and each foot is an iamb, or an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. When a particular line is scanned, there may be variations upon the basic pattern of the meter; for example, the first foot of English iambic pentameters is quite often inverted, meaning that the stress falls on the first syllable. The generally accepted names for some of the most commonly used kinds of feet include:

spondee (强强格, 扬扬格, 重重格)— two stressed syllables together

iamb(抑扬格, 短长格) — unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable

E.g. As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass,

So deep / in luve / am I :

And I / will luve / thee still,/ my dear,

Till a` / the seas / gang dry:

注: art=are thou=you luve=love thee[thou的宾格] bonnie=beautifl a`=all gang=go

trochee(扬抑格, 长短格) — one stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable

E.g. Tiger!/ Tiger!/ burning / bright

In the / forests / of the / night

dactyl(扬抑抑格) — one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables

Touch her not / scornfully,

Think of her / mournfully.

anapest(抑抑扬格, 短短长格) — two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable

E.g. Like a child / from the womb,

Like a ghost / from the tomb,

I arise / and unbuild / it again.

pyrrhic(抑抑格) - two unstressed syllables together (rare, usually used to end dactylic hexameter) The number of metrical feet(韵脚) in a line are described in Greek terminology as follows: dimeter (二韵脚，二音步)— two feet

trimeter (三步)— three feet

tetrameter(四音步) — four feet