构词法(compounding)(课堂PPT)

第二组：
张科 李佳 余鹏 肖鲜 袁思琦 周爽
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Introduction Definition Types Characteristics Formation Conclusion
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Introduction
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Could you express them in English?
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Are you right?
Free phrase a black 'horse a blue ‘bird
a fat 'head a hot 'house
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In compounds, the word stress usually occurs on the first element whereas in noun phrases the second elements is generally accented if there is only one stress. In cases of two stresses, the compound has the primary stress on the first element and the second stress, if any, on the second whereas the opposite is true of free phrases. This is the Phonetic feature of the compounds.

meaning of 2nd): :
Raindrop, tablecloth, ashtray; breakfast time, safety-belt
f. Appositive relation:
a peasant girl; a pine tree, a girlfriend,
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string compound dead-letter office; test-tube baby; commanders-in-chief; bread-and-butter; give-and-take; come-and-go; hide-andseek Compound nouns can also be formed from phrasal verbs. sit-in, dropout, phone-in, breakdown, walk-ons, walkout, setback; take-off
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A. word class of the compounding elements
b. with v. at the end n. + -ing peace-loving, time-saving, ocean-going n. + -ed heart-felt, air-borne, home-made, book-filled,
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Types
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Solid
hyphenated
open
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Solid
hyphenated
open
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Solid
hyphenated
open
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Characteristics
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Phonological features
Compound a 'black horse
a 'bluebird a 'fat head a 'hot house
v. + adv. (show-off, put-off, follow-up)
adv. + v. (outlet, upset, down fall, upstart, onflow)
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B. Syntactic relations of the compounding elements: daydreaming, sightseeing n + v-ing daydreaming= dreams during the day, i.e. verb + adverbial. sightseeing= sees sights, i.e. verb + object a. sub. and v.: heartbeat, crybaby, commanding officer, revolving door, rainfall b. v. and obj.: pickpocket, birth control, dressmaking, housekeeping
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c. v. and adv.:
swimming pool, diving board, drinking cup, typing paper ,
walking stick
d. Sub. and obj.:
Steamboat, honeybee, power plant
e. Restrictive relation (the 1st element restricts/modifies the
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Semantic features
Read the following compounds, and then guess their meanings
1. American cloth 2. British warm 3. French leave 4.Spanish athlete 5. Chinese copy 6. Turkish delight 7. Indian meal 8. Dutch treat
This house is cooled by air-conditioner.
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Q: How are they changed into plural forms? Is it necessary to add “-s” to each element of the compounds?
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A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence, for example, a verb, a noun, or an adjective. Thus, the compounds in the above sentences show their plural forms by taking inflectional “-s” at the end.
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Grammatical features
Read the following sentences and change the sentences into plural forms. Pay attention to the underlined words.
There is a new-born left on the corner of the street.
Compounds are different from free phrases in “one-wordness”. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. This is the Semantic feature of compounds.
Pigtail Dog-ear Cat’s-paw Chicken head Lion’s share Ass-kisser Fox-sleep
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Definition
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Definition
Compoundi ng (also called compositio n), is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.
美产布料 厚呢短大衣 不辞而别 西班牙运动员 与原物一模一样 的复制品 土耳其软糖 印度大餐 AA制
彩色油布 英国式的暖日 法式告别 吹牛者 中国版本 土耳其式狂欢 玉米粉 荷兰招待方式
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Their meanings do not just follows the “1+1 Principle”, that is to say, their meanings are not the combination of the meanings of the two elements in the compound.
This kindergarten only accept three-year-old and
above.
She is the most famous go-between in this area.
It is difficult to find a really good babysitter.
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1.Of course, there are exceptions such as brothers-in-law, lookers-on, etc. In spite of this, their single grammatical role is apparent.
2.In adjective-noun compounds, the adjective element cannot take inflectional suffixes, for example: hot line can’t be hotter line.
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A. word class of the compounding elements
n.+n.( ashtray, hydrogen bomb, bar code),
adj.+n. (blueprint, dark-room, hard disc, deadline),
adv.+n. (downtown, upgrade, undercloth;),