爱的艺术the art of love-推荐下载
弗洛姆爱的伦理关系建构——正爱之名,疗社会之疾
弗洛姆“爱”的伦理关系建构——正“爱”之名，疗社会之疾中文摘要上世纪80年代后期，我国学术界掀起一股研究弗洛姆的热潮，这股热潮出现的原因显而易见。
弗洛姆在其著作中，把握住了近代资本主义社会及近代人的生存状况的脉搏，指出当时社会的问题是物质（丰裕）精神（贫乏）失衡、道德滑坡、迷失自我、生活无意义。
某种程度上，弗洛姆切中了问题要害。
然而紧接着，研究弗洛姆的热潮开始降温。
历史巨变总夹杂倒退及前进过程分娩的剧痛，不能因理论一时的冷却而否定它的价值。
事实上，弗洛姆的思想仍然对解决当代中国社会的问题有诸多启发。
弗洛姆对人的生存境况作出历史和现实的反思，认为人性根植于人的生存两歧，在此基础上衍生出人的独特需要，基于这样的人性观，弗洛姆在作品中概述了“爱”的不同类型。
拙作意在根据弗洛姆关于“爱”的具体形式，勾勒弗洛姆“爱”的伦理关系体系，在此过程中，诠释“爱”的思想内涵、本质、性格特征与“爱”的关系、以“爱”为核心的各种社会关系中所应遵循的伦理规范，及探讨“爱”的伦理思想的当代价值。
关键词：生存境况，异化，爱的艺术，爱的实践AbstractIn the late1980s,the domestic academic community had set off a boom in the study of Fromm,the main reason for the emergence of this boom is that in his writings,he grasped the pulse of the modern capitalist society and the survival of modern people,pointed out that the social problem is the imbalance of material(abundance)and spirit(poor),moral landslide,self-lost,life meaningless.To some extent,Fromm is crucial to the problem.But then,the floods began to cool.Historical changes are always mixed with the progress of the process of childbirth pain,we can not deny a theory's value because of its temporary cooling.In fact,Fromm's thoughts still have a lot of inspiration for the solution of contemporary Chinese society.Fromm reflected the human's living conditions in history and reality,and think the human nature is rooted in the people's existential contradiction,which derived person's unique needs.Based on such understanding of theory of human nature,Fromm strives to construct his own system of the ethical relations about"love".According to Fromm's specific form about"love"，my paper is intended to build Fromm's ethic relationship system about"love",in the process, summarizes the thought of"love"connotation,essence,the relationship between characteristics and "love",ethical norms followed among all kinds of social relations with"love"as the core,and evaluate the contemporary value of"love"ethics thought.Key words:survival condition,alienation,the art of loving,The practice of love目录中文摘要 (I)Abstract (II)前言 (1)第一章弗洛姆理论源流简述 (3)一、生平与巴霍芬母权思想 (3)二、法兰克福学派及其批判方式 (3)三、弗洛伊德的精神分析 (4)（一）无意识理论 (5)（二）人格结构理论 (5)（三）性格理论 (6)四、马克思人道主义 (6)（一）关于人的本质 (7)（二）人的需要理论 (7)（三）异化理论 (8)（四）人的自由问题 (8)五、禅宗 (8)第二章人性对爱的呼唤 (10)一、人性论 (10)（一）人生存的原初状态——“生存两歧” (10)（二）“生存两歧”衍生出的独特需要 (12)二、爱是什么？ (15)三、爱的本质及其要素 (17)四、性格特征与爱 (18)(一)非生产性指向与爱 (18)(二)自发创造性指向与爱 (20)五、爱是一门实践艺术 (21)第三章以“爱”为线，重塑伦理之网 (23)一、社会性格及病态社会 (23)（一）社会性格的推动作用 (23)（二）病态社会与病态的人 (24)二、以“爱”罗织伦理之网 (29)（一）以了解为基 (29)（二）以尊重为墙 (31)（三）以关心为脊 (32)（四）以责任为柱 (34)三、“爱”的思想的积极引导作用 (35)四、弗洛姆伦理思想中“爱”的局限性 (37)第四章结语 (39)参考文献 (41)致谢 (43)前言苏格拉底曾言“未经反思的生活不值得一过”。
爱的艺术
李鹏飞“道路而非著作”—论爱及其在当代西方社会的衰亡一、爱还是爱情我们讨论弗洛姆的这本小册子《爱的艺术》（art of loving) 中第三章中的这样一个观点，爱及其在当代西方社会的衰亡，也就是这一章的标题。
首先，我认为有必要澄清一个翻译上的问题，这里的loving作何翻译，在李建鸣的翻译当中是非常混乱的，一会是爱情，一会是爱，在本文中一律把loving，love称作爱，因为爱情容易让中国人理解为狭义的男女之爱，而本书讨论的爱不仅仅是爱情而是比它更广泛的，建立在善的基础上的人类的真实而稳定的情感。
二、爱的艺术还是爱的技术说到艺术，中国人首先会想到跳舞啊画画什么的，是一种浪漫不现实的东西，尤其随着现在艺术生质量的下降（家里有钱而又文化课很差的多去学艺术）以及艺术圈脱离大众向权力、财富靠拢，娱乐圈鱼龙混杂，艺术在中国人的眼中越来越成了一个贬义词，那些在网上说些别人听不懂的文邹邹的人也被人们鄙视为文艺青年，这种现象当然与当今人们缺乏信仰，专注于追名逐利对真正艺术冷漠麻木有关，但我们也不能不反思艺术在中国本身是否也已变了质。
总之，艺术在中国成了一个负面的词，而art在弗洛姆这里却不是那个意思，在西方art是一个包罗广泛的词，文学、哲学、算数、逻辑甚至弹琴、骑马都是艺术。
总之艺术是一个丰富而饱满的词，一个会写诗会数学又会弹琴骑马的人才能是一个“艺术的人”。
那些只会穿奇装异服、抽着烟背着画板的人不可能是艺术的人。
弗洛姆在这里用爱的艺术这种说法，首先就是在用艺术的丰富性来衬托爱的丰富性，只有艺术才配得上爱，这两个词交相辉映，琴瑟相合。
其次用艺术还是为了和技术相区别。
这本书讲的是爱的艺术，而不是爱的技术，技术在越来越多的西方文人学者的眼中已经成了洪水猛兽，对人类的影响在表面上是方便，在内在上是异化和奴役。
弗洛姆讨论爱，不是在告诉大家什么爱的技术，一旦掌握就可以制造爱，像电影小说里那样和任何人制造爱，爱是不能从这个层面上思考的，爱不是汽车，不是衣服，不可以被制造。
爱的艺术the art of love
弗洛姆《爱的艺术》大致介绍1人生而在矛盾之中。
对真善美的追求是每个人与生俱来的天性，不同的只是追求的结果。
2个体生命的成熟是以独立的存在为标志的，独立的同时也意味着孤独的开始，正如超越自然始成为人类，同时也不得不站在自然之外。
3独立的孤独所带来的恐惧贮藏在每个成熟个体的内心，不同的只是他能否认识、认识多少。
生命最原始的冲动就是摆脱这种恐惧的要求，渴望被他人认识、理解和支持，即被爱。
4被爱（loved）的法门，其实在爱（loving）。
真正的爱不是索取（receiving），而是给予（giving）。
因为真诚的给予，却有所取；因为专心的索取，却无所得。
5真正的给予，需要关心、责任、尊重和知识。
关心，才会在关系中审视自我，才可能摆脱自我中心；责任，才会建立同外在的联系，摆脱个体的孤独和失落；尊重，关心和责任才不会异化为一种意志的强加和干涉；知识，是帮我们具备理解和施展以上行为的能力基础。
6爱，绝对是一门艺术，需要我们去学习和练习，一旦掌握，便获得了人生最美最好的存在。
《爱的艺术》分为理论篇和实践篇两个部分。
全书基本结构如下：第一章爱是一门艺术吗？第二章爱的理论1 爱，人类生存问题的答案2 父母和儿女的爱3 爱的对象（同胞的爱，母亲的爱，情人的爱，自身的爱，上帝的爱）第三章当代西方社会的爱与爱的溃散第四章爱的实践正如巴拉塞尔士所说：“一无所知的人什么都不爱。
一无所能的人什么都不懂。
什么都不懂的人是毫无价值的。
但是懂得很多的人，却能爱，有见识，有眼光……对一件事了解得越深，爱的程度也越深。
如果有人以为，所有的水果都同草莓一起成熟，那他对葡萄就一无所知。
”是的，所有的水果都有其特殊的成熟过程，草莓有草莓的，葡萄有葡萄的。
每个人都是自己的唯一存在，因此我们对爱情的体验也会各有不同。
我们需要做就是不断地去了解去学习，现在，就让我们开始这段《爱的艺术》之旅吧。
一，爱是一门艺术：在第一章中，作者弗洛姆在首句就抛出了自己的观点：“爱是一门艺术吗？如果爱是一门艺术，那就要求想掌握这门艺术的人有这方面的知识并付出努力。
作文梗概《夜莺与玫瑰》
作文梗概《夜莺与玫瑰》英文回答：The Nightingale and the Rose: A Summary.The "Nightingale and the Rose" is a short story by Oscar Wilde, in which a nightingale sings a beautiful song for a Red Rose, in the hope that the Rose will give its flower to a Student it loves. However, the Rose isunwilling to part with its flower, and the Nightingale is forced to sacrifice its own life to create a red rose for the Student.The story is a metaphor for the power of art and the importance of self-sacrifice. The Nightingale's song is a work of art that is created out of pure love, and theRose's unwillingness to part with its flower is a symbol of the egotism that can prevent us from appreciating the beauty of art. The Nightingale's ultimate sacrifice is a testament to the power of art to inspire us to great actsof love and compassion.中文回答：夜莺与玫瑰，梗概。
弗洛姆《爱的艺术》读后感（精选3篇）
弗洛姆《爱的艺术》读后感（精选3篇）弗洛姆《爱的艺术》篇1读完了弗洛姆的《爱的艺术》，很好的一本薄薄的书。
人的孤独感是无法回避的事情，克服的办法一是创造，主动去改造自然，实现自我和外部世界直接的联通;另一个就是爱，分享自己的生命力，实现自我和人群之间的联通。
无论是创造还是爱，都是主动性的行为;所以弗洛姆提倡“创造性的人格”。
通俗地说，爱是给予而不是理解。
爱确实是内心强大的表现。
当然，大多数时候，我们会说，感情是弱者的感情，但是，过于脆弱的相互依靠的感情可能也无法真正健康而长久。
我赞成说，一个懂得并且能够享受孤独的人——独处，而不求助于各种他者(包括人和物)的支持——才有着真正的去爱人的力量。
真正的爱里，就应能够同时成就自己和他人。
无论是一味索取的爱，还是按照自己的臆想一味给予并且认为对方需要的爱，都是不健康的。
弗洛姆也超多探讨了现代社会是否有利于爱的培养的问题，他认为，西方社会导致了爱的溃散;其主要论据在于，现代社会的组织方式带来了现代人与自身、与其他人、与自然之间的关系被异化了。
我赞同，在工业大革命之后，“物”在人类生活中享有了从未有过的地位，受到了从未有过的崇拜;但是我不敢肯定，在现代社会之前，爱是普遍的，而现代社会的到来，带来了爱的溃散。
可能确实现代对于人之间关系的抨击很多，从文学到哲学的各个方面，但是更加可能是由于人的信仰变化——从崇拜爱与美到崇拜物而贬低人——而造成的。
我们甚至不能说，是资本主义社会之前，还是在资本主义社会时期，我们对自己的心灵更加敏感或者麻木。
所谓协作精神和相互体谅对于相处的作用，我想不只是现代会这么要求——人和人是不同的，相处之间摩擦就是必然的不可避免的，同理心和让步就是必要的润滑剂，而非某个社会形态强加在于人身上的，只但是大众媒体会不会这样坦诚。
让步假设说，现代社会确实存在爱的溃散，这也不能用资本主义社会的生产方式、美德标准带来了这样的状况来概括。
如果爱——博爱、母爱、*，能够给人带来愉悦，那么人就不会轻易放手它们，不会因为社会崇尚协作精神，就贸然提议说，我们放下相互之间的爱，用协作好处上的共生来替代吧。
写情书的艺术TheArtofLoveLetters
One of the best ways to convey exactly how you feel about someone is through written words. Finding the perfect way to say what you mean — when it comes to love — can be a challenging task for anyone. So， we‘ve gathered some helpful tips. Go ahead； spill your heart onto a piece of paper. Whether through a one-line sentiment， a poem， or some prose — let them know how you feel！Tips for writing your own love lettersMake it personal. Writing a love letter is a dying art. So if you‘re going to say it — mean it！ Express your gratitude for the person being in your life.Include any special nicknames that the two of you share.Be specific. What are the things that he/she does to make you starry-eyed？ Is it the way he gets a little teary at a sad movie？ Is it the way she can‘t wake up without her green tea？Include memories of specific times you spent together. Let him/her know what they meant to you and why.Whether you‘re sending it by mail or delivering it to them personally， hand-write it. Typed letters are sterile. If you’re even thinking about e-mail， then do something creative like designing a personalized “home page” love letter. You can get free templates at .Love quotesPeople have been writing about love for centuries. Love quotes can capture exactly how you feel about your sweet in just a few words. Make up your own， or borrow a few of these to add to your letter.“Those who love deeply never grow old.”“Love does not consist in gazing at each other， but in looking together in the same direction.” （Antoine de Saint-Exupery）“For an instant， love can transform the world.”“It‘s not being in love that makes me happy. It’s being in love with YOU that makes me happy.”“If there is anything better than to be loved， it is loving.”“Did I tell you today how much I love you？”Creative expressionThink a letter is too boring？ Here are 10 ways to get your message across and have it remembered.1. Write your message in magnetic letters on their refrigerator.2. Create a Letter Hunt.Leave a note on his/her computer telling him/her you have written him/her a love letter， but it has to be found. Give a clue. Clue to clue to clue. Make your lover search for the prize.3. Send your love roses according to how many letters he/she has in their name.On each flower， attach a note that uses the letters of their name， as the first letter of the message. For example： “Sean.”The first rose could say， “Sometimes I get starry-eyed when I look at you.” The second， “Everything you do makes me happy.” And so on.4. Book of Love.Put together a book of ten pages — each page for some unique thing you love about him/her.5. An audiotape letter.A cassette tape with your voice on it is an unexpected surprise.6. Letter a day.Write your love a letter every day for a week and leave it in a place it will be found.7. Write your loved one in a different language.He/She will have to get it translated， which will make their investment in the letter special.8. Write a ransom note.Ransom an object of your lover‘s and leave a note saying you’ll return it only after a romantic evening together.9. Run a bubble bath for your love.Put a note inside a bottle and leave it floating in the water.10. Hidden notes.Hide little love notes in your lover‘s pockets， wallet， bag， or desk for them to find later.确切表达你对某⼈情感的途径就是通过⽂字。
弗洛姆《爱的艺术》讲稿
弗洛姆《爱的艺术》讲稿第一篇：弗洛姆《爱的艺术》讲稿1开篇：爱是什么？这是千百年来人类苦苦探索的一个问题，是被无数文学作品所描述的，被无数电影所演绎，无数歌曲所传唱的永恒主题，少有人能给爱下准确的定义，却还是有一代代人前仆后继的追随爱的脚步，为爱辛苦为爱忙，为爱消得人憔悴，衣带渐宽终不悔，春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。
爱很神秘么？父母的爱是需要我们通过努力才能获得的么？如果你爱一个人，那么以什么样的方式去爱他，才是既可以给予对方温暖，又给予自己安全感的一种正确的成熟的爱人的方式呢？2、请同学们任选上述问题之一回答。
3、本篇课文节选自德裔美籍心理学家弗罗姆的一本著作《爱的艺术》，该书以基于大量的实践观察，从精神分析立场出发，对爱进行了一番与众不同的诠释。
弗罗姆认为爱并不是一种与人的成熟程度无关的感情，而是可以通过训练自己的行为规范、专心的投入和养成耐性而学到的一门艺术。
那么，一个人从呱呱坠地的婴儿，到成长为一个成年人，他的爱的能力是怎样发展的呢？通过这段的阅读，我们可以感受得到，作者结尾：爱是你走到奈何桥边时，即将饮下孟婆汤时，含泪告别的东西，爱是丘比特射到你身上的箭，是你再辛苦也不想放弃的痛，爱是月下老人系在你脚上的红线，是甜蜜的牵绊。
我们从出生到死亡，都在接受爱，给予爱中学习着怎样去爱，愿每个人都被温暖的爱着，都有着强大而宽广的怀抱去拥抱你爱的人，愿你们爱自己，像爱别人一样慈悲，回馈爱，感激爱，创造爱，散播爱。
父母是生我们的人养我们的人不光给了我们生命，甚至给了我们宿命。
我们的基因遗传自父母，我们生长的环境取决于父母，我们受到的潜移默化的影响来自父母，我们人生的许多关键性的转变可能就是在父母无意识中的一句话一个举动中产生，然而对子女富有如此大责任的父母，他们却并不是完美的，驾驶员需要考核后才能上岗，可是做父母缺不需要。
于是，我们发现，生养我们的父母可能自己也不是一个具有成熟的爱的能力的人，他们可能是一个焦虑的人，不会妥善的处理生活和工作中的问题，眉头紧缩地将压力转移到家庭中，他们可能没有广博的知识，也给不了我们优渥的生活，他们可能会打碎我们笃信的美好梦想，会因为一次人生路上的差池而给我们带来永难磨灭的负面影响，会秉持着爱的名义剪断我们的翅膀，所有这一切，都是因为，父母也是普通人，而他们给与我们的爱，确实他们力所能及的最好的付出了。
英语专业英美文学文学汇总
Literature terms1Epic : a long narrative poem telling about the deedsof a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.（史诗）2Romance:It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.（传奇文学）3Heroic Couplet: the rhymedcouplet ofiambic pentameter. (英雄双韵体)4Iambic Pentameter: is the most common Englishmeter, in which each foot contains an unaccentedsyllable and an accented syllable. (五音步抑扬格)meter 格律foot音步5ballad:is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.（歌谣）6Sonnet: It is a lyric poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.（十四行诗）7Blank verse: is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme.（无韵诗）8Soliloquy: an utterance or discourse by a person who is talking to himself/ herself or is disregardful of or oblivious to any hearers present (often used as a device in a drama to disclose a character’s innermost thoughts); 2. theact of talking while or as if alone(独白)9Classicism: Aesthetic attitudes and principles manifested in the art, architecture, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome and characterized by emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and restraint. Classicism was popular in Europe in the 18th century.（古典主义）10Neo-classicism: neo-classicism imitated the characteristics of Roman writers, including Horace, Virgil, Cicero, etc., in the days of Augustus. They tried to make English literature conform to rules and principles established by the great Roman and Greek classical writers. In writing plays, they used rhyme and couplet instead of blank verse, observed the trinity --- the unity of time, place and action.（新古典主义）11An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents. The usual form is letters, although diary entries, newspaper clippings and otherdocuments are sometimes used.（书信体小说）12Sentimentalism is one of the important trends in English literature of the middle and later decades of the 18th century. It justly criticized the cruelty of the capitalist relations and the gross social injustices brought about by the bourgeoisrevolutions. It embraces a pessimistic outlook and blames reason and the Industrial Revolution, marked by a sinceresympathyforthepoverty-stricken ,expropriated peasants.(感伤主义)Romanticism: Romanticism is a literary trend. It prevails in England during the period 1798-1832. romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism. They split into two groupsbecause of the different attitudes toward the capitalist society.（浪漫主义）Ode is a lyric poem of some length that honors an individual, a thing, a trait dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner. The form dates back to classical times and is originally intended to be sung at festivals or in plays.Brief Outline of British Literature：works1. Early and Medieval English Literature1) The Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066)National epic:The Song of Beowulf2) The Anglo-Norman Period (1066-1350)Arthurian Romance: Sir Gawain andGreen Knight3) Geoffrey Chaucer1340-1400：Messenger of HumanismThe first important realistic writer“Father” of English poetryThe Canterbury Talesthe wife of Bath（巴斯夫人）,the Knight（骑士）,the Pardoner（卖赎罪卷者）,the Nun’s Priest（尼姑的教士）,the Prologue（序诗）.The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》The Book of the Duchess《悼公爵夫人》Troilus and Criseyde《特罗伊洛斯和克瑞西德》Thomas MaloryMorte d’Arthur (Death of Arthur)《亚瑟之死》William LanglandPiers the Plowman[Boccaccio薄伽丘：Decameron《十日谈》Ovid奥维德:《爱的艺术》《变形记》]2. The English Renaissance (16 century)Thomas MoreUtopiaChristopher Marlowe克里斯托弗·马洛First person used blank verseDeath of Arthur 《亚瑟之死》Tamburlaine the Great «帖木儿大帝»The Jew of Malta «马尔他岛的犹太人»The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus«浮士德博士的悲剧»Hero and Leander《海洛和利安得》The Passionate Shepherd to His Love《牧羊人的恋歌》William Shakespeareone of the founders of realism in world literature as well as in English literatureV enus and Adonis《维纳斯与安东尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece《鲁克里斯受辱记》Four tragedies：Hamlet《哈姆雷特》Othello《奥塞罗》King Lear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克白》Four comedies：A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》The Merchant of V enice《威尼斯商人》As You Like It《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night《第十二夜》Ben Jonson本·琼森first poet- laureateafterShakespeare the most eminent writer for the Elizabethan stagethe greatest dramatist after Shakespearethe founder of the so-called “Comedy of Humors”,Every Man in His Humor《人人高兴》Every Man Out of His Humor《人人扫兴》Volpone 《福尔蓬奈》the Fox《狐狸》The Alchemist《炼金术士》Sir Thomas Wyatt托马斯·怀亚特Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey 亨利·霍华德·萨里伯爵Sir Philip Sidney 西德尼Astrophel and Stella《爱星者和星星》Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》The Defence of Poetry《诗辩》Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞the Poet’s poet , a model of poetical artgreatest non-dramatic poet of his timefirst master of English verseThe Shepherd’s Calendar《牧人月历》Amoretti 《爱情小诗》The FairyQueen《仙后》Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根The father of experimental philosophyThe most important prose writer of the Elizabethan Agethe first English essayistthe founder of English materialist philosophy.The Advancement of Learning《学术的进展》The Novum Organum (The New Instrument)《新工具》The New Atlantis《新大西岛》The Essays 《散文集》(Of Studies)3. The Period of The English Bourgeois Revolution(17 century)John Milton约翰·弥尔顿the smartest man in Europea master of the blank verseParadise Lost《失乐园》Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》Lycidas 《利西达斯》Comus《科玛斯》a masque《假面剧》John Bunyan约翰·班扬Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner《功德无量》The Life and Death of Mr. Badman《恶人先生的生平和死亡》《贝德曼先生的一生》The Holy War《神圣战争》John Donne约翰·邓恩Founder of Metaphysical poetry选学派诗人Songs and Sonnets《歌与短歌》Holy sonnet《圣十四行诗》Divine poem《神圣诗歌》Elegies and Satire《挽歌与讽刺诗》Meditations《冥想》/《沉思》4. The Age of Enlightenment (18 century)Alexander Pope亚历山大·蒲柏Essay on Criticism《论批评》The Rape of the Lock《夺发记》Joseph Addison约瑟夫·艾狄生andRichard Steel理查德·斯蒂尔The Tatler and The SpectatorDaniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福18世纪启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人Robinson CrusoeCaptain Singleton《辛格顿船长》ColonelJacque《杰克上校》Moll Flanders《茉尔·弗兰德丝》A Journal of the Plague Year《瘟疫记事》Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特One of the greatest masters of English prosea master satiristGulliver’s TravelsA Tale of a Tub 《一个木桶的故事》The Battle of Books《书的战争》The Drapier’s Letters《一个麻布商的书信》A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》Samuel Richardson 塞谬尔·理查逊Pamela《帕美勒》Clarissa: Or the History of a Young Lady《克拉丽莎》The History of Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯·葛兰底森爵士传》Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁最早的现实主义小说理论家现实主义小说奠基人Tom Jones《汤姆˙琼斯》Don Quixote in England《唐吉诃德在英国》Pasqin《巴斯昆》The Historical Register for the Year 1736《一七三六年历史记事》The Tragedy of Tragedies or The Life and Death of Tom Thumb the Great 《悲剧的悲剧：或伟人汤姆传》Joseph Andrews《约瑟夫˙安德鲁斯的经历》Jonathan Wild the Great《大伟人乔纳森˙魏尔德》Amelia《阿米丽亚》Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰逊As Lexicographer orThe Dictionary of the English Language英语词典Oliver Goldsmith戈德史密斯Anovelist and poet belongs to the school of Sentimentalism She Stoops to Conquer《屈伸求爱》The Vicar of Wakefield 《威克菲尔德牧师传》The Traveler and The Deserted VillageThe Citizen of the World《世界公民》Richard BrinsleySheridan 谢里丹The School for Scandal 《造谣学校》Comedy of Manners风尚喜剧Thomas Gray 格雷-------- sentimentalismOn the Death of a Favorite Cat《爱猫之死》Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽歌》The Progress of Poetry《诗的发展》The Correspondence of Thomas Gray《格雷书信集》William Blake威廉布莱克Tiger《老虎》Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》Songs of Experience《经验之歌》The Marriage of Heaven and Hell《天堂与地狱的婚姻》Robert Burns-罗伯特彭斯--- pre-romanticismthe most famous poets of the peasants in the worldA red red rose《我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰》5. Romanticism in England (19 century)PoetryWilliam Wordsworth华兹华斯The prelude《序曲》Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud《我好似一朵流云独自漫步》To the 《咏水仙》S. T. Coleridge柯林律治The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》《古水手谣》Kubla khan《忽必烈汗》George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦Oneofthemost excellent representatives of English Romanticismone of the most influential poets of the timeHours of Idleness《闲暇时刻》Child Har old’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》.Don Juan《唐璜》She Walks in BeautyPercy Bysshe Shelley雪莱Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》Queen Mab 《仙后麦布》Address to the Irish People《告爱尔兰人书》The Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰的反叛》The Masque of Anarchy《暴政的行列》The Cenci《钦契一家》A Defence of Poetry《诗辩》The Necessity of Atheism《无神论的必要性》Ode to the West Wind10. To a Skylark《致云雀》John Keats济慈Lamia《莱米亚》Endymion《恩底弥翁》On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer《初读查普曼译荷马史诗》Isaabella 《伊莎贝拉》The Eve of St. Agnes《圣·爱格尼斯节前夕》Hyperion《赫坡里昂》On a Grecian Urn 《希腊古瓮颂》To Autumn《秋颂》On Melancholy《忧郁颂》To a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》Prose fictionWalter Scott司各特the first novelist to recreate the pastWaverleyOld MoralityRob RoyThe Heart of MidlothianIvanhoe《艾凡赫》Rob RoyNovelJane Austen 简·奥斯丁Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德花园》Emma《爱玛》Persuasion 《劝告》Romantic essayCharles Lamb查尔斯·兰姆Tales from Shakespeare《莎士比亚戏剧故事集》Album VersesEssays of Elia《伊利亚随笔》William Hazlitt威廉·赫列特Thomas De Quincey托马斯·德·昆西6. The Victorian Age --- Critical Realism inEngland (19 century)NovelCharles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》The Old Curiocity Shop《老古玩店》The Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》fill in the BlanksBeowulf is a folk legend brought to England by the Anglo-Saxons from their primitive Northern Europe.Beowulf was passed down from mouth to mouth.Beowulf was written down in the 10th century.Humanism refers to the literary culture in the Renaissance.Humanism became the central theme of English Renaissance. Thomas More and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanistsHumanism is the idea that man has a potential for culture which distinguishes him from lower orders of beings, and which he should strive constantly to fulfill.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion.Early Plays in Middle Agesinclude The Miracle Play奇迹剧The Morality Play道德剧The Interlud幕间休息剧The Classical Drama古典剧The immediate predecessors of Shakespeare were a group of men from the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge, who were generally known as the University WitsThe key-note of Hamlet’s character is melancholy，and there can be no Hamlet without melancholyHamlet is a hero of the RenaissanceHamlet’s learning , wisdom, noble nature,limitation and tragedy are all representative of the humanists at the turn of the 17th and the 16th centuries. Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, and the dramatic blank verse;He was a great master of English language;He was the summit of the English Renaissance and one of the great writers all over the world.Adam andEveembody Milton’s belief in thepowers of man, craving (longing) for knowledge.Satan is a rebel against tyranny and Satan and his followers resemble a republican ParliamentEnglish enlighteners believed in the power of reason. That is why the 18th century has often been called “the age of reason” or “the kingdom of reason”.Most of the enlighteners believed that social problems could be solved by human intelligence.this period was characterized by the so-called neo-classicism of which the leading figure was Alexander Pope.The representative of Periodical Literature in Early 18th Century England: Addison and SteeleThe best part of Robinson Crusoe is the realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson alone against the pitiless forces of nature on the island.A social fable consists of four books. The hero of the novel is Lemuel Gulliver, a doctor. telling about his fantastic visits to some unbelievable places, in which the inhabitants are Lilliputians,the giants Brobdingnagians, Yahoos, and Houyhnhnms.The features of the Romantic writingsa dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.Romantic writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions andexotic picturesThe romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of manPersonified nature plays an important role in the pages of Romantic writingsThe publication of the “Lyrical Ballads” marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th centuryi wandered lonely contains four six-lined stanzas of iambic tetrameter.The poem is about The beauty of natureQuestion1What is Literature？Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in describing in words some aspects of human experiences.2What is Renaissance?1. DefinitionThe Renaissance (14th – mid-17th century), which means rebirth and revival. The renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church(罗马天主教堂).It is characterized with the growth of a more scientific outlook, major development in art and literature, new invention and overseas discoveries and a general assertion of human value and emancipation(解放) of the human intellect and power.3Summarize the periods of Shakespeare’s literary career and achievements？Shakespeare’s Literary Career⏹Four successive periods with increasing maturity◆1588-1593, the Period of Experiment and Preparation●Richard III, a melodramatic chronicle-history play, largely imitative of Marlowe and yet showing striking power●At the end of this period Shakespeare issued two rather long narrative poems on classical subjects, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece◆1594-1601, the second period Shakespeare’s work, filled with chronicle-history plays and comedies●Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, etc.●Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like It●Romeo and Juliet◆1601-1609, the third period of Shakespeare’s literary career, in which appeared Shakespeare’s great tragedies and certain cynical plays●In these plays, Shakespeare sets himself to grapple with the deepest and darkest problems of human characters and life●Shakespeare’s four great tragedies⏹Hamlet: the struggle of a perplexed and divided soul/self⏹Othello: the ruin of a noble life/ man by an evil one through the terrible power of jealousy⏹King Lear: unnatural ingratitude working its hateful will and yetthwarted at the end by its own excess and by faithful love⏹Macbeth: the destruction of a large nature by material ambition◆After 1609, the fourth period of Shakespeare’s literary career, a periodof romance-comedies●Shakespeare did not solve the insoluble problems of life, but having presented them as powerfully, perhaps, as is possible for human intelligence, he turned in his last period to the expression of the serene philosophy of life●Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, and The Tempest(1) Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature. He maintains that the purpose of dramatic performance is "to hold, as it were, the mirror up to nature". In his works, he paints the decline of the old feudal nobility and the vice of the new Tudor monarch. Besides,his plays have good plots and life-like characters too. His dramais an expression, a monument of the English Renaissance since he wrote about his own people for his own time.(2)Shakespeare is amazingly prolific Within 22 years, he produced 37 plays, 154 sonnets,and 2 long poems. No two of his play invoke the same feeling or image among the audience. He is a master-hand for every form of drama-comedy, tragedy, and historical plays. He gives us a world of full-blooded people who live and struggle, suffer and rejoice-representing all the complexitiesand implications of real life.(3)Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, andthe dramatic blank verse. And he is a great master of the English language. He used avocabularylarger than any other English writersMany ofhis new coinage and turns of expressions havebecome every-day usage in English life. Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the EnglishBible are the two great treasures of the English language.(4)Hence, Shakespeare has been universallyacknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers the world over.3Chaucer’s Contribution？1. He introduced from Italy and France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (heroic couplet) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.2. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.3. He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language4What is the Enlightenment Movement?The 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.What is romanticism? What about its feature?1. The general feature is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.2. Their writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions andexotic pictures.3. The romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual andemotional life of man.Personified nature plays an important role in the pages of their works.文学赏析Beowulf:---national epic(1) Goodness conquers evil. (Beowulf stands for all that is good, brave and proper, while the monsters stand for evil.)(2) Men against nature (The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.)(3) Judge the greatness of a human being by the greatness of his deeds and his noble ancestry.(4) Help thy neighbor. (Beowulf risks his life to help a neighbor, King Hrothgar, in trouble.)(5) Forces of darkness—irrational, menacing—are always at work in society.The writing features of Beowulf1). The most important is in alliterative(头韵的) verse and in artistic form.2). Another is the frequent use of metaphorsand understatements(暗含的意义) forironical humor.The Faerie(Fairy) Queene and Commentsa long poem1 The dominating thoughts of it: nationalism, humanism and Puritanism2 The Spenserian stanza: a verse form consisting of 8 iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of 6 iambic feet with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc.3 The Faerie Queene is the first national epic of England in the age of the Renaissance. It expresses the poet’s patriotic feelings of national greatness, and voices the moral ideals of the English aristocracy as embodied in the noble, virtuous and brave knight.The Image of Hamlet1. He is a humanist free from medievalprejudice and superstition. He has love for the world rather than heaven, he cherishes a firm belief in man’s power and destiny.2. He loves good and hates evil. He adore his father, loves Ophelia and greets his school-fellows with hearty welcome, while he is disgusted withhis uncle’s drunkenness and shocked by his mother’s shallowness3. His intellectual genius is outstanding. He is a close observer. He can easily see through people. His quick perception drives him to penetrate below the surface of things and question what others take for granted. He is scholar, soldier and statesman. His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance.The Merchant of V eniceThe traditional themeTo praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.The modern interpretationTo regard the play as a satire of the Christians’hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews, here represented by ShylockParadise lost1. The theme of the poem is a revolt against God’s aut hority.2. God: selfish despot暴君,cruel, unjust3. Adamand Eve embody Milton’s belief in the powers of man, craving (longing) for knowledge4. God’s angels are foolish, resembling the court of an absolute monarch.5. Satan is a rebel against tyranny(专制，暴行) and Satan and his followers resemble arepublican ParliamentThe Image of Satan1. Satan is the real hero of the poem.2. He is firmer than the rest of the angels.3. He has an invincible(战无不胜的) heart.4. Satan remains superior in nobility and welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy;5. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.6. Milton makes Satan as his own mouthpiece(代言人).The Pilgrim’s ProgressBunyan’s language1.Bunyan’s language is chiefly plain and collo quial and quite modern in comparison with that of the writers of the Renaissance.2. His language is clear, vivid, natural, homely (朴实的), fluent, musical and powerful.3. He paved the way not only in language style but also in writing technique of novels, for the novelists of the 18th century as Swift and Defoe.The image of Robinson Crusoe1.One of the representative of the rising bourgeoisie2. An enterprising Englishman3. A laborer, a hard-working industrious and intelligent man.4. A typical colonizer, explorer, and a foreign trader.5.He is alert, vigorous and resourcefulBlake’s poems such as tiger 《老虎》and comments on Blank(1) Blake’s poems seem easy but difficult to understand for his mmysterious images andsymbols, unless versed in ( skilled at )religious knowledge.(2) Blake’s poems are full of emotionandapparentpresentation of his progressive democratic idea in symbolismComments1) Blake was opposed to the classicism of the 18th century.2) His poems were full of romantic spirit, imagery symbolism and revolutionary spirit.3) He was a Pre-Romanticist or forerunner of the romantic poetry of the 19th century.Comments on Burns & His Poems1. Burns was one of the most famous poetsof the peasants in the world.2. He obtained the characteristic of all old Scottish songs: simplicity, vividness, humor, directness and optimism, with anew spirit of romanticism.Explanation William Wordsworth poem i wandered lonely【赏析】：这首诗写于诗人从法国回来不久。
Is Love an Art
Is Love an Art?Erich FrommIs Love an art? Then it requires knowledge and effort. Or is love a pleasant sensation, which to experiences is a matter of chance, something one "falls intro" if one is lucky? Undoubtedly, the majority of people today believe in the latter.Not that people think that love is not important. They are starved for it; they watch endless numbers of films about happy and unhappy love stories, they listen to hundreds of trashy songs abut love - yet hardly anyone thinks that there is anything that needs to be learned about love.This peculiar attitude is based on several premises which either singly or combinedly tend to uphold it. Most people see the problem of love primarily as that of “being loved”, rather than that of “loving”, of one's capacity to love. Hence the problem to them is how to be loved, how to be lovable. In pursuit of this aim they follow several paths. One, which is especially used by men, is to be successful, to be as powerful and rich as the social margin of one's position permits. Another, used especially by women, is to make oneself attractive, by cultivating one's body, dress, etc. Other ways of making oneself attractive, used both by men and women, are to develop pleasant manners, interesting conversation, to be helpful, modest, inoffensive. Many of the ways to make oneself lovable are the same as those used to make oneself successful, "to win friends and influence people." As a matter of fact, what most people in our culture mean by being lovable is essentially a mixture between being popular and having sex appeal.A second premise behind the attitude that there is nothing to be learned about love is the assumption that the problem of love is the problem of an “object”, not the problem of a “faculty”. People think that to “love” is simple, but that to find the right object to love - or to be loved by - is difficult. This attitude has several reasons rooted in the development of modern society. One reason is the great change which occurred in the 20th century with respect t o the choice of a “love object”. In the Victorian age, as in many traditional cultures, love was mostly not a spontaneous personal experience which then might lead to marriage. On the contrary, marriage was contracted by convention - either by the respective families, or by a marriage broker, or without the help of such considerations; it was concluded on the basis of social considerations, and love was supposed to develop once the marriage had been concluded. In the last few generations the concept of romantic love has become almost universal in the Western world. In the United States, while considerations of a conventional nature are not entirely absent, to a vast extent people are in search of “romantic love”, of the personal experience of love which then should lead to marriage. This new concept of freedom in love must have greatly enhanced the importance of the “object”as against the importance of the “function”.Closely related to this factor is another feature characteristic of contemporary culture. Our whole culture is based on the appetite for buying, on the idea of mutually favorable exchange. Modern man's happiness consists in the thrill of looking at the shop windows, and in buying allthat he can afford to buy, either for cash or on installments. He (or she) looks at people in a similar way. For the man an attractive girl, and for the woman an attractive man, are the prizes they are after. “Attractive” usually means a nice package of qualities which are popular and sought-after on the personality market. What specifically makes a person attractive depends on the fashion of the time, physically as well as mentally. During the twenties, a drinking and smoking girl, tough and sexy, was attractive; today the fashion demands more domesticity and coyness. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, a man had to be aggressive and ambitious - today he has to be social and tolerant - in order to be an attractive "package." At any rate, the sense of falling in love develops usually only with regard to such human commodities as are within reach of one's own possibilities for exchange. I am out for a bargain; the object should be desirable from the standpoint of its social value, and at the same time should want me, considering my overt and hidden assets and potentialities. Two persons thus fall in love when they feel they have found the best object available on the market, considering the limitations of their own exchange values. Often, as in buying real estate, the hidden potentialities which can be developed play a considerable role in this bargain. In a culture in which the marketing orientation prevails, and in which material success is the outstanding value, there is little reason to be surprised that human love relations follow the same pattern of exchange which governs the commodity and the labor market.The third error leading to the assumption that there is nothing to be learned about love lies in the confusion bet ween the initial experience of “falling”in love, and the permanent state of “being” in love, or as we might better say, of “standing” in love. If two people who have been strangers, as all of us are, suddenly let the wall between them break down, and feel close, feel one, this moment of oneness is one of the most exhilarating, most exciting experiences in life. It is all the more wonderful and miraculous for persons who have been shut off, isolated, without love. This miracle of sudden intimacy is often facilitated if it is combined with, or initiated by, sexual attraction and consummation. However, this type of love is by its very nature not lasting. The two persons become well acquainted, their intimacy loses more and more its miraculous character, until their antagonism, their disappointments, their mutual boredom kill whatever is left of the initial excitement. Y et, in the beginning they do not know all this. In fact, they take the intensity of the infatuation, this being “crazy” about each other, for proof of the intensity of their love, while it may only prove the degree of their preceding loneliness.This attitude - that nothing is easier than to love - has continued to be the prevalent idea about love in spite of the overwhelming evidence to the contrary. There is hardly any activity, any enterprise, which is started with such tremendous hopes and expectations, and yet, which fails so regularly, as love. If this were the case with any other activity, people would be eager to know the reasons for the failure, and to learn how one could do better - or they would give up the activity. Since the latter is impossible in the case of love, there seems to be only one adequate way to overcome the failure of love - to examine the reasons for this failure, and to proceed to study the meaning of love.The first step to take is to become aware that “love is an art”, just as living is an art; if we want to learn how to love we must proceed in the same way we have to proceed if we want tolearn any other art, say music, painting, carpentry, or the art of medicine or engineering.what are the necessary steps in learning any art?The process of learning an art can be divided conveniently into two parts: one, the mastery of the theory; the other, the mastery of the practice. If I want to learn the art of medicine, I must first know the facts about the human body, and about various diseases. When I have all this theoretical knowledge, I am by no means competent in the art of medicine. I shall become a master in this art only after a great deal of practice, until eventually the results of my theoretical knowledge and the results of my practice are blended into one - my intuition, the essence of the mastery of any art. but, aside from learning the theory and practice, there is a third factor necessary to becoming a master in any art - the mastery of the art must be a matter of ultimate concern; there must be nothing else in the world more important that the art. This holds true for music, for medicine, for carpentry - and for love. And, maybe, here lies the answer to the question of w hy people in our culture try so rarely to learn this art, in spite of their obvious failures. In spite of the deep-seated craving for love, almost everything else is considered to be more important than love: success, prestige, money, power - almost all our energy is used for the learning of how to achieve these aims, and almost none to learn of art loving.Could it be that only those things are considered worthy of being learned with which one can earn money or prestige, and that love, which only profits the soul, but is profitless in the modern sense, is a luxury we have no right to spend much energy on?。
爱的艺术(作者：弗洛姆)
）（三 第二章 爱情的理论 （3）（三） ）（
• 母亲的真正本质在于关心孩子的成长， 这也就意味着也关心母亲和孩子的分离。 • 母爱不仅应该允许这一分离，而且还应 该希望并促成这一分离 • 除了被爱者的幸福一无所求，但恰恰在 这点上许多母亲都失败了
心灵沟通论坛
心灵沟通论坛 12
第二章 爱情的理论 （四）
• 爱情的积极性除了有给的要素外，还有 一些其他的基本要素。这些要素是所有 爱的形式共有的，那就是：关心、责任 关心、 关心 尊重和了解。 心、尊重和了解。 • 爱情是对生命以及我们所爱之物生长的 积极的关心。 积极的关心。 • 爱的本质是创造和培养，爱情和劳动是 爱的本质是创造和培养， 不可分割的。 不可分割的。
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第二章 爱情的理论 （七）
• 人们只有认识对方，了解对方才能尊重 人们只有认识对方， 对方 • 成为爱情一要素的了解是要深入事物的 内部，而不是满足于一知半解。我只有 用他人的眼光看待他人，而把对自己的 兴趣退居二位。我才能了解对方。
心灵沟通论坛
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爱情的理论（ ） 第二章 爱情的理论（2） （二）
• 此外靠努力换取的爱常常会使人痛苦地 感到： 感到：我之所以被人爱是因为我使对方 快乐，而不是出于我自己的意愿-归根结 快乐，而不是出于我自己的意愿 归根结 蒂我不是被人爱，而是被人需要而已。 蒂我不是被人爱，而是被人需要而已。 • 无论是儿童还是成年人都牢牢地保留着 对母爱的渴求，是不足为奇的。 对母爱的渴求，是不足为奇的。
心灵沟通论坛 26
）（六 第二章 爱情的理论 （3）（六） ）（
• 性要求的目的旨在达到结合，而绝不仅仅是 生理上的要求和为了释放折磨人的压力。 • 大多数人认为性要求是同爱情联系在一起的， 所以他们很容易得出具有迷惑性的结论：即 如果两个人互相愿意占有对方的身体，他们 就是互爱了 • 温柔绝不是如弗洛伊德所说是性本能的升华， 而是博爱的一种直接表现，既表现在爱的生 理形式中，也表现在爱的非生理形式中。
the art of love
• An ancient Roman poet • Better known as Ovid in English speaking world • born in 43BC • grew up in wealthy circumstances,
Part XVII: Do not mention her faults
• Later , hardened by time , it resists the winds ,and the strong tree will bear adopted wealth. • And hide the fault behind the nearest virtue!
contents
• Book 1 how to love • Book 2 how to maintain love • Book 3 woman friend
Book 1 how to love
• Part I: His task. Part II: How to find her. Part III: Search while you are out walking. Part IV: At the theatre. Part V: At the races or the circus. Part VI: Triumphs are good too. Part VII: At the dinner table. Part VIII: At the beach. Part IX: How to win her. Part X: First secure the maid. Part XI: Do not forget her birthday. Part XII: Write and make promises. Part XIII: Be whereever she is. Part XIV: Look presentable. .
在我成长的路上英语作文
我成长的旅程The Journey of My GrowthIn the tapestry of life, my journey of growth has been a colorful and intricate path, woven with moments of laughter, tears, challenges, and triumphs. It is a story that unfolds with each passing day, shaping me into the person I am today and preparing me for the tomorrows yet to come.From the tender beginnings of childhood, when the world was a vast and wondrous place filled with endless possibilities, I embarked on this remarkable journey. My first steps, faltering yet determined, marked the start of my exploration into the unknown. As a youngster, every new discovery—be it a butterfly's wings fluttering in the sunlight or the mystery of how rainbows are formed—was a lesson in awe and curiosity. These simple joys fueled my imagination and ignited a spark within me that has never fully dimmed.As I grew older, the journey became more complex, with obstacles and challenges arising at every turn. School became a crucible where I learned the importance of perseverance and hard work. Failure, that bitter pill, taught me resilience and the courage to pick myself up and try again. Each setback was a stepping stone, helping me to navigate the rocky terrain of adolescence and emerge stronger on the other side.Friendships, too, played a pivotal role in my growth. They were the balm that soothed the wounds of loneliness and heartache. Together, we laughed, cried, and faced life's challenges head-on, forming bonds that will last a lifetime. These relationships taught me empathy, compassion, and the art of giving and receiving love.Through it all, my family stood as my rock, my anchor in the stormy seas of life. Their unwavering support, encouragement, and love were the guiding lights that illuminated my path, ensuring I never strayed too far from the truth of who I was meant to be. Their examples of sacrifice, dedication, and perseverance inspired me to strive for excellence in all that I do.Moreover, my journey of growth has been enriched by the books I've read, the places I've traveled, and the people I've met. Each experience, whether grand or mundane, has contributed to the rich tapestry of my life, adding depth and texture to my character. I've learned that growth is not a destination but a continuous process, a dance between the known and the unknown, where we constantly evolve and adapt.Looking back, I realize that the journey of my growth has been a series of lessons, both subtle and profound. It has taught me the power of resilience, the beauty of vulnerability, and the importance of empathy. It has shown me that true strength lies not in never falling but in rising every time we do.As I continue on this remarkable journey, I embrace each new day with open arms, ready to learn, to love, and to grow. For I know that the greatest adventures in life are yet to come, and I am eager to embark on them with a heart full of wonder and a spirit that is forever young.我成长的旅程在人生的织锦中，我成长的旅程是一条色彩斑斓且错综复杂的道路，它由欢笑、泪水、挑战和胜利的时刻交织而成。
《爱的艺术》：埃里克·弗洛姆讲述爱与生命的真谛
《爱的艺术》：埃⾥克·弗洛姆讲述爱与⽣命的真谛发表于2018-10-07 17:22:42原标题：荐书：埃⾥克·弗洛姆，《爱的艺术》⽂：惕若来源：惕若说（ID: TiroTalk）弗洛姆的名著《爱的艺术》，或许很多⼈都很熟悉。
这本书篇幅很短，语⾔洗练，但其内容却极为丰富和深刻，实际上并不是很好懂。
作者频繁援引各种不同的哲学和宗教传统，却并没有很详细地展开；更重要的是，这本书⾥除了理性的分析之外，其实有很多直观的经验的东西，因此要能完全理解，同时需要深刻的个⼈体验和对作者援引的各种传统有基本的了解。
关于这⼀点，《爱的艺术》这个中⽂译名我觉得是有些欺骗性的。
它原⽂的标题叫做The Artof“Loving”，⽽不是the art of “love”。
⼀字之差，却有很⼤的不同。
在中⽂⾥，“爱”当然既是名词也是动词，但是当你看到“爱的艺术”这个标题，你会觉得它是⼀个名词，或者是⼀个泛指，既当名词也当动词。
但是英⽂的“loving”，马上就传达出⼀种积极的、主动的、⾃发的动作的感觉。
不是关于“爱”作为⼀个物件，作为⼀个可以去“获得”的客体，因此不是关于如何“被爱”或如何“得到爱”，⽽是“爱”作为⼀种个体的主动的⾏为。
光是这个标题，就已经传达了很多弗洛姆在书中讨论到的主题。
本书开宗明义抛出的第⼀问题，就是“爱是⼀种艺术”吗？当我们谈“艺术”的时候，我们可能更多想到的是美、是闲散的欣赏和享受，但当弗洛姆谈到爱作为⼀种“艺术”的时候，他谈的更多是我们想要掌握或者创造⼀种“艺术”的时候，我们需要付出的苦⼼和劳作。
所以“爱是⼀种艺术”是相对于爱作为⼀种令⼈愉悦的感官享受⽽⾔的。
他认为爱是⼀种艺术，因此跟美术、⾳乐、⽊匠等等⼀样，你需要去习得它，你需要付出长时间的努⼒和专注去学习和训练，⽽不是等待着在某⼀个幸运的时候⾃动“坠⼊”爱河。
弗洛姆还谈到，要掌握⼀门“艺术”，还有⼀个必不可少的条件，那就是这门艺术必须成为你⽣命中最重要的事情，世界上没有任何其他的事情⽐之更重要。
英语作文-毅力
（高考、四六级、考研）
-“毅力”话题解析
解析：辅导知名群主
perseverance
英 [ˌpɜːsɪ'vɪərəns] 美 [ˌpɜːrsə'vɪrəns]
n. 不屈不挠；毅力；坚韧不拔
persistence
英 [pə'sɪstəns] 美 [pər'sɪstəns]
n. 坚持；毅力
The art of love is largely the art of persistence.
例句
The key way to develop perseverance is to take small steps which result in small achievements. Small achievements lead to a big success. Think about creating a puzzle: you add piece by piece and finally get the final image.
persist用于褒义指坚持继续做某事，但更常用于贬义，指不听劝告，顽固坚持。
persevere含褒义，强调坚持不懈的努力。
adhere与to连用，指坚持意见、计划或承诺等，含坚持不懈之意。
cling和to连用，指对信仰、意见、习惯等的坚持。
doggedness,
obduracy,
obdurateness,
obstinacy,
obstinateness,
persistence,
persistency,
stubbornness,
tenaciousness,
tenacity
decidedness,
大学英语四级抒情类作文素材整理(三)
Those who love deeply never grow old; they may die of old age ,but they die young深深相爱的人永不会老；他们可能因年龄而寿终，但他们离世时却依然年轻。
——Arthur Wing Pinero 皮内罗Love is what is left in a relationship after all the selfishness is taken out爱情是两个人关系中除去自私之后剩下的部分——Nick Richardson 理查森Love is like a violin .The music may stop now and then ,but the strings remain forever爱好双小提琴。
音乐可以时停时起，而琴弦伴琴，永不分离——June Masters Bacher 巴彻To love is to receive a glimpse of heaven爱就仿佛是看到了天堂——Karen Sunde 森德To be in love is merely to be in a perpetual state of anesthesia 恋爱就是始终处于一种陶醉状态——H. L. Mencken 门肯Love means the body ,the soul ,the life ,the entire being .We feel love as we feel the warmth of our blood ,we breathe love as we breathe air ,we hold it in ourselves as we hold our thoughts爱意味着身体、灵魂、生活和整个生命。
我们感觉到爱就仿佛感觉到血液的温暖，我们呼吸着爱就仿佛呼吸着空气，我们拥有爱就仿佛拥有思想。
骆驼样子第1至2章读后感
骆驼样子第1至2章读后感英文回答："The Art of Loving" by Erich Fromm is a seminal work that delves into the nature of love and its profound importance in human existence. Through a combination of philosophical insights and psychological analysis, Fromm explores the various aspects of love, from its erotic and passionate dimensions to its more mature and fulfilling manifestations.One of the central themes in the book is thedistinction between "love" and "infatuation." Fromm argues that true love is not merely a fleeting emotion but rather a conscious choice and a practice that requires effort and discipline. It involves a deep understanding of oneself and others, as well as a genuine desire to promote the growth and well-being of the beloved.Fromm also challenges the common misconception thatlove is a possessive or exclusive emotion. On the contrary, he argues that love is expansive and inclusive, and it should not be confined to one person or a specific group. True love embraces all of humanity and recognizes the interconnectedness of all beings.The book is divided into five chapters, each of which focuses on a different aspect of love. The first chapter, "The Nature of Love," provides a philosophical frameworkfor understanding love and its different forms. The second chapter, "The Technique of Love," offers practical advice on how to cultivate love in one's own life. The third chapter, "Love and Character," explores the relationship between love and personal development, arguing that love is essential for the growth and flourishing of the individual. The fourth chapter, "Love and Society," examines the role of love in social and political life, emphasizing the importance of love as a force for social transformation and healing. The fifth and final chapter, "Love and God," explores the relationship between love and the divine, arguing that love is the ultimate expression of human transcendence and spiritual fulfillment.Throughout the book, Fromm emphasizes the importance of love as a transformative force in human life. He arguesthat love has the power to heal wounds, overcome conflict, and create a more just and compassionate world. By embracing love in all its forms, we can unlock our full potential as human beings and live a life of meaning and purpose.中文回答：《爱的艺术》是埃里希·弗洛姆发表于1956年的代表性著作，是心理学以及爱情领域的经典之作。
爱的艺术ppt课件
目录
CONTENTS
A. 爱是一门艺术吗 B. 爱情的理论 C. 爱情在当代西方社会的灭亡 D. 爱的实践 E. 总结
.
[4] 爱的实践 LOVE 集中精力和投入足 够的耐心开始学习 这门艺术
.
爱的实践要求
PHOTO PHOTO PHOTO PHOTO
自律
集中
耐心
关注
按照理论规范去实践，集中精神只做一件事，要有足够的耐心，投入最大的关注任何渴 望在爱的艺术中成为行家人，必须决心在其生命的每一阶段都按照爱的理论规范去实践， 集中精力和投入足够的耐心，从而开始学习这门艺术。
爱的对象
博爱
Brotherly Love
博爱是一切爱的形式的基础。博爱就是对所有的人都有一 种责任感，关心、尊重和了解他人，也就是愿意提高其他 人的生活情趣。博爱的基础是认识到我们所有的人都是平 等的。对需要帮助的人，对穷人和陌生人的爱是博爱的基 础。只有当我爱那些与我个人利益无关的人时，我的爱情 才开始发展。
LOVE
PHO
爱的原则是不相容的。但是，具 体地看待现代社会，就会发现它 是一种复杂的现象。也必须承认 ，“资本主义”自身是一个复杂 的不断变化的结构，它依然允许 大量的不顺从和大量的个人自由 存在。所以即便在现实的商业社 会里，人与人之间的关系和思维 方式被市场经济所束缚，我们依 然可以发挥个人的主观能动性， 有效学习爱的理论，在生活中实 践爱的艺术。
LOVE
第三个错误是 人们不了解堕 入情网同持久 的爱这两者的 区别
学会爱的步骤
活 动
• 要认识到爱是一门艺 术
• 用学习艺术的方法去 学习爱
目录
CONTENTS
A. 爱是一门艺术吗 B. 爱情的理论 C. 爱情在当代西方社会的灭亡 D. 爱的实践 E. 总结
范文-爱的艺术读后感1000字 精品
爱的艺术读后感1000字《爱的艺术》(《the art of love》)从人类最关注的爱情话题着手，探讨了爱的本质、爱的历史以及爱在现今时代所遇到的价值和精神危机，爱的艺术读后感。
爱，是人类社会最普遍而恒久的话题，千百年来无数智者和哲学家都希望拔开它罩在世人头上的谜雾，但至今仍无人能全面地阐述爱的真谛。
但人们仍孜孜不倦地探索，如果歌德的那句名言“永恒的女性引导我们向上”，那么，在对爱的不懈探索中：“爱领导人类进步”则表明了爱在关乎人类自身发展与文明创造方面的不可动摇的作用。
爱所以被这样郑重其事的提出来是因为“爱”关乎人生的最主要命题，不仅涉及到每一个人，也维系着每一家庭，并最终决定着人类社会的演进和发展。
爱是每一个人的生命中不可或缺的基本元素，人类社会正是有了爱才能存在、进步和发展，爱与每个人的日常生活、与整个社会的日常活动密不可分，从这个意义上来说，爱就在我们心中。
而另一方面，人类文明五千年的历史，也就是一部爱的历史，如果说是种族和语言的不同和差异让世界充满纷争，那么正是爱让来自五湖四海的人们结成团结和友谊，所以说爱是联结国家、种族、民族和人人的桥梁和纽带。
现今的事实是，对爱的问题的解答不但从来没有获得过圆满的成果，在21世纪文明高度发展的今天，对爱的困惑却从来没有像今天这么强烈地困挠着每一个人。
而弗罗姆正是先知先觉的领会到现代人的这一迷惑，这篇发表于上世纪50年代的经典佳作，是作者洞悉现代人精神危局后凭借自己的专业成就而精心烹调的心灵鸡汤。
在书中，弗罗姆不仅考察了“爱情”这两个字通常所指的两性的爱，更多地考察了人类所有的其它意义上的爱，包括母爱、博爱、性爱、自爱和神爱。
这些对不同类别爱的意义和在人类日常社会生活中的现实作用的阐述，组成了本书的主要内容。
在具体论述时，弗罗姆则通过对比、分析、归纳和引用等多样化的写作手法，对爱的性质、表现、现实意义、生理学心理学价值等作了深入浅出的论述，清晰的思路、晓畅干练的文字、扎实的学术和理论功力、循循善诱的解说，整部书读来让人感觉轻松自如。
作文5句话用i 做比较
作文5句话用i 做比较英文回答：In the realm of human experience, emotions emerge as elusive yet potent forces that shape our interactions and define our very essence. From the depths of despair to the heights of euphoria, emotions paint a vibrant tapestry of our inner lives. Among this kaleidoscopic array of feelings, love stands out as a luminous beacon, illuminating our existence with its warmth and transformative power.While poets and philosophers have dedicated countless volumes to capturing the ineffable nature of love, its true essence remains an enigma, forever veiled in a shroud of mystery. Yet, in the pursuit of understanding thisenigmatic emotion, we can draw inspiration from diverse perspectives, both ancient and modern, to piece together a more comprehensive picture.From the hallowed halls of ancient Greece, we inheritthe wisdom of Plato and Aristotle, who posited contrasting views on the nature of love. Plato, in his seminal work "Symposium," depicted love as a divine aspiration, an eternal quest for the perfect ideal beyond the confines of the physical realm. Aristotle, on the other hand, approached love from a more pragmatic standpoint, categorizing it into various types, including friendship, familial affection, and erotic passion.Centuries later, renowned psychologist Erich Fromm expanded on Aristotle's framework in his seminal work, "The Art of Loving." Fromm identified three distinct types of love: eros (romantic love), philia (brotherly love), and agape (unconditional love). Each type of love, he argued, presents its own unique challenges and rewards,contributing to the richness and complexity of human relationships.In contemporary psychology, Robert Sternberg's "Triangular Theory of Love" provides a more nuanced understanding of the multifaceted nature of love. Sternberg proposed that love is composed of three fundamentalcomponents: intimacy, passion, and commitment. Theinterplay of these elements, he argued, determines the strength and longevity of romantic relationships.As we delve deeper into the labyrinthine nature of love, we discover its profound impact on our physical and mental well-being. Research has consistently shown that experiencing love and being in loving relationships is associated with reduced stress, better immune function, and increased longevity. Love acts as a powerful antidote to loneliness, providing a sense of security, belonging, and purpose.中文回答：爱是人类情感中的一束光芒，它的温暖和变革力量照亮了我们的存在。
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弗洛姆《爱的艺术》大致介绍1人生而在矛盾之中。
对真善美的追求是每个人与生俱来的天性，不同的只是追求的结果。
2个体生命的成熟是以独立的存在为标志的，独立的同时也意味着孤独的开始，正如超越自然始成为人类，同时也不得不站在自然之外。
3独立的孤独所带来的恐惧贮藏在每个成熟个体的内心，不同的只是他能否认识、认识多少。
生命最原始的冲动就是摆脱这种恐惧的要求，渴望被他人认识、理解和支持，即被爱。
4被爱（loved）的法门，其实在爱（loving）。
真正的爱不是索取（receiving），而是给予（giving）。
因为真诚的给予，却有所取；因为专心的索取，却无所得。
5真正的给予，需要关心、责任、尊重和知识。
关心，才会在关系中审视自我，才可能摆脱自我中心；责任，才会建立同外在的联系，摆脱个体的孤独和失落；尊重，关心和责任才不会异化为一种意志的强加和干涉；知识，是帮我们具备理解和施展以上行为的能力基础。
6爱，绝对是一门艺术，需要我们去学习和练习，一旦掌握，便获得了人生最美最好的存在。
《爱的艺术》分为理论篇和实践篇两个部分。
全书基本结构如下：第一章爱是一门艺术吗？第二章爱的理论1 爱，人类生存问题的答案2 父母和儿女的爱3 爱的对象（同胞的爱，母亲的爱，情人的爱，自身的爱，上帝的爱）第三章当代西方社会的爱与爱的溃散第四章爱的实践正如巴拉塞尔士所说：“一无所知的人什么都不爱。
一无所能的人什么都不懂。
什么都不懂的人是毫无价值的。
但是懂得很多的人，却能爱，有见识，有眼光……对一件事了解得越深，爱的程度也越深。
如果有人以为，所有的水果都同草莓一起成熟，那他对葡萄就一无所知。
”是的，所有的水果都有其特殊的成熟过程，草莓有草莓的，葡萄有葡萄的。
每个人都是自己的唯一存在，因此我们对爱情的体验也会各有不同。
我们需要做就是不断地去了解去学习，现在，就让我们开始这段《爱的艺术》之旅吧。
一，爱是一门艺术：在第一章中，作者弗洛姆在首句就抛出了自己的观点：“爱是一门艺术吗？如果爱是一门艺术，那就要求想掌握这门艺术的人有这方面的知识并付出努力。
”并向我们指出：每一个想要掌握爱的艺术的人可以在掌握爱的理论的基础上，通过自身的努力而获得。
接着，作者采用反证的方式，向我们阐述了目前普遍存在的他认为是错误的爱情观。
第一种错误的爱情观：“爱情首先是自己能否被人爱，而不是自己有没有能力爱的问题。
”在这种爱情观的驱使下，人们比较热衷于培养自己的“魅力”以便获得爱。
作者指出这种“值得被人爱”无非是赢得人心和对异性有吸引力这两种倾向的混合物而已。
第二种错误的爱情观：“爱的问题是一个对象的问题，而不是能力的问题。
”这样的爱情观应该是现代物质文明下的结果。
作者认为这种爱情观的实质是将“人”等同于“物”，“爱情的产生往往是以权衡对方及本人的交换价值为前提。
”爱情变成了一种交易。
第三种错误的爱情观：“人们不了解‘堕入情网’同‘持久的爱’这两者的区别。
”“持久的爱”是成熟爱情的必然结果，而一时的“堕入情网”，甚至达到如痴如醉的入迷等强烈的表现只不过是在证明这些男女在过去是多么的寂寞。
在指出这三种错误的爱情观后，作者进一步强调自己的观点：爱情是一门艺术，学会这门艺术至少需要下列三个必要的步骤：一是掌握理论，二是掌握实践，三是把成为大师看得高于一切，并将这一目标占据他整个的身心。
二，爱的理论：在《爱的艺术》第二章，弗洛姆向我们系统地阐述了他的爱情理论：人是超越动物界的，超越了本能的适应性，人类社会是脱离自然的。
人能意识到死亡的必然，知道生命的短暂，人知道自己的孤独和与世隔绝。
人知道社会和自然的威力和自身的无能为力，如果不同他人或者世界结合在一起，就会疯狂。
于是，弗洛姆认为，人类“最大的需要就是克服他的孤独感和摆脱孤独的监禁”，并且人类也一直在寻找克服孤独感的方法。
孩提时代，孩子是母亲的一部分，不会有孤独感。
直到他发育到产生孤独感，即母亲的存在不足以消除孤独感，于是他要另谋它法。
这个和人类最初的进化很相似，人类起初和自然是一体，没有孤独感，一直到进化到产生孤独感，于是通过各种方法来消除孤独感，比较后期的阶段就是成为族群部落，乃至国家。
然而当今社会的进化并没有缓和人们对孤独的恐惧感，当前的很多社会现象就是明证。
为了摆脱孤独，人们有的选择了纵欲，有的选择同一化。
但弗洛姆同时又向我们说明，通过纵欲摆脱孤独只是暂时的，通过同一化则是一种假象。
对人类存在问题的真正的和全面的回答要在爱中实现。
当然，爱情有成熟的形式，也有不成熟的形式。
“爱”的不成熟形式：共生有机体结合，心理上相互依赖，典型形式就是被虐癖和施虐癖。
“爱”的成熟形式：保留自己完整性和独立性的条件下，也就是保持自己个性的条件下与他人合二为一。
弗洛姆赞美这种成熟的爱是：“人的爱情是一种积极的力量，这种力量可以冲破人与人之间的高墙并使人与人结合。
爱情可以使人克服孤寂和与世隔绝感，但同时又使人保持对自己的忠诚，保持自己的完整性和本来的面貌。
”于是他接着论证，“爱情是一种积极的，而不是消极的情绪。
一般来说可以用另一个说法来表达，即爱情首先是给而不是得。
”能够给予别人，说明这个人自身有这个能力，能够对自身人性力量的信赖和达到目的的勇气。
反之，是害怕献出自己，害怕去爱。
除了给予这个要素外，爱的其他要素还有，关心、责任心、尊重和了解。
爱一个人，首先就是关心，不关心根本就谈不上爱；责任心便是负责，对爱的人负责就像对自己一样；然而责任心如果没有尊重的制约，就会变成控制和奴役，所以，爱里面的尊重尤为重要，它保证不干涉对方的独立性；而尊重的基础又是了解对方，知道了，才能尊重，才是真正的关心。
弗洛姆同时还认为，通过爱情可以了解人。
按照以往西方科学研究的方式，了解一样东西必然会破坏掉它，但是如果通过爱情去了解人，可以找到自己，发现自己，发现双方，发现人。
另外在“父母和孩子之间的爱”一节中，告诉我们：爱是如何由不成熟变成成熟的。
儿童的问题是被爱（无条件被爱）。
之后，会产生一种新的感情，通过自己的努力去唤起爱，完成“被人爱”到“爱别人”的转变。
而从这个起点一直到成熟的爱还需要时间的磨练。
弗洛姆对爱的成熟与否如下定义：“天真的、孩童式的爱情遵循下列原则：‘我爱，因为我被人爱。
’成熟的爱的原则是：‘我被人爱，因为我爱人。
’不成熟的、幼稚的爱是：‘我爱你，因为我需要你’，而成熟的爱是：‘我需要你，因为我爱你。
’”根据爱的不同对象，弗洛姆逐一阐述了“博爱”，“母爱”，“性爱”，“自爱”，“神爱”。
其本质就是对各种特性进行归纳总结。
三，爱的现状：在第三章中，弗洛姆阐述了当代西方社会爱的现状并对其进行了批判。
在西方政治上的自由原则和市场经济活动下，人与人的关系成为交换关系，过度注重交换价值因此导致爱情思想的变化，主要的体现在强调相互之间的宽容，协调的性生活。
然而，这种变化和爱情原则上的偏离，却反而加大了人际关系的压力，因而造成精神病态爱情。
其实，以我们今天的经验来看，爱情的确已经步入歧途：离认识爱的目标越来越远，而人们追求的仅仅是形式和感官，倒是反而加剧了孤独感。
四，爱的实践：在第四章中，弗洛姆提出了解决问题的方法。
但他强调，要能让大多数人实践，绝非易事。
实践包括：一定的训练，专一，耐心，和全力以赴。
和前面的理论一致的，他认为要能爱人，自身要先能独处自立，成为我的世界的创造者。
他还认为能够实践好的一些重要因素是凝神专注，保持敏感，克服自恋情绪，理智的信念。
当然，要具备这些素养绝非易事。
所以，爱的艺术之所以被称之为艺术，其实还是有点不可及的玄妙。
我们一般读者，能够见贤思齐已经非常不错了。
不管怎样，通过这趟爱之旅，我们可以了解很多：如“孤独感”问题需要解决，“爱”是人和人之间关系的润滑剂，爱的要素（给予，关心、责任心、尊重和了解），成熟的爱情是自身的富足，也能造就爱情（通过爱点燃被爱者的爱情，得到反馈的爱情），以及当今社会的问题等等。
当我们知道爱的要素而在现实生活中努力去做，以自己富足的爱去温暖身边人的话，至少我们的世界是不孤独的。
愿大家心里都有爱，在人生的旅途上收获更多幸福和快乐。
《爱的艺术》： 弗洛姆认为，爱是一门艺术，要求人们有这方面的知识并付出努力。
但是大多数人认为者爱仅仅是一种偶然产生的令人心荡神怡的感受，只有幸运儿才能“堕入”爱的情网。
人们产生这种错误的想法有三种原因：(1)大多数人认为爱情首先是自己能否被人爱，而不是自己有没有能力爱的问题。
(2)认为爱的问题是一个对象问题，而不是能力问题。
(3)人们不了解“堕入情网”同“持久的爱”这两者的区别。
要掌握爱的艺术，一是掌握理论，二是掌握实践，三是即要把成为大师看得高于一切。
对人来说最大的需要就是克服他的孤独感和摆脱孤独的监禁。
而这只有通过真爱才有可能实现。
真爱的基本要素，首先是“给”而不是“得”。
“给”是力量的最高表现，恰恰是通过“给”，我才能体验我的力量，我的“富裕”，我的“活力”。
爱情的积极性除了有给的要素外，还有一些其他的基本要素。
这些要素是所有爱的形式共有的，那就是：关心、责任心、尊重和了解。
天真的、孩童式的爱情遵循下列原则：“我爱，因为我被人爱。
”成熟的爱的原则是：“我被人爱，因为我爱人。
”不成熟的、幼稚的爱是：“我爱你，因为我需要你”，而成熟的爱是：“我需要你，因为我爱你。
” 父母和孩子之间的爱：母爱是一种祝福，是和平，不需要去赢得它，也不用为此付出努力。
但无条件的母爱有其缺陷的一面。
这种爱不仅不需要用努力去换取，而且也根本无法赢得。
如果有母爱，就有祝福；没有母爱，生活就会变得空虚-而我却没有能力去唤起这种母爱。
父爱的本质是：顺从是最大的道德，不顺从是最大的罪孽，不顺从者将会受到失去父爱的惩罚。
父爱的积极一面也同样十分重要。
因为父爱是有条件的，所以我可以通过自己的努力去赢得这种爱。
与母爱不同，父爱可以受我的控制和努力的支配。
一个成熟的人最终能达到他既是自己的母亲，又是自己的父亲的高度。
他发展了一个母亲的良知，又发展了一个父亲的良知。
母亲的良知对他说：“你的任何罪孽，任何罪恶都不会使你失去我的爱和我对你的生命、你的幸福的祝福。
”父亲的良知却说：“你做错了，你就不得不承担后果；最主要的是你必须改变自己，这样你才能得到我的爱。
”成熟的人使自己同母亲和父亲的外部形象脱离，却在内心建立起这两个形象。
自爱不是“自私”,自爱是爱他人的基础.对自己的生活、幸福、成长以及自由的肯定是以爱的能力为基础的，这就是说，看你有没有能力关怀人、尊重人，有无责任心和是否了解人。
如果一个人有能力创造性地爱，那他必然也爱自己，但如果他只爱别人，那他就是没有能力爱。
性爱的一个重要因素：即意志的因素。
爱一个人不仅是一种强烈的感情，而且也是一项决定，一种判断，一个诺言。
如果爱情仅仅是一种感情，那爱一辈子的诺言就没有基础。