BASICEARANATOMYAltervista：基本耳解剖学altervista

BASIC EAR ANATOMY
THE MIDDLE EAR
THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
CONSISTS OF THREE LAYERS OUTER EPITHELIAL MIDDLE ELASTIC FIBRE INNER MUCOUS MEMBRANE
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
anvil - (also called the incus) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the hammer to the stirrup. cochlea - a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled inner ear structure; it is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) that move when vibrated and cause a nerve impulse to form. eardrum - (also called the tympanic membrane) a thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves reach it. Eustachian tube - a tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose; it equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the air outside. When you "pop" your ears as you change altitude (going up a mountain or in an airplane), you are equalizing the air pressure in your middle ear. hammer - (also called the malleus) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil.
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
nerves - these carry electro-chemical signals from the inner ear (the cochlea) to the brain. outer ear canal - the tube through which sound travels to the eardrum. pinna - (also called the auricle) the visible part of the outer ear. It collects sound and directs it into the outer ear canal semicircular canals - three loops of fluid-filled tubes that are attached to the cochlea in the inner ear. They help us maintain our sense of balance. stirrup - (also called the stapes) a tiny, U-shaped bone that passes vibrations from the stirrup to the cochlea. This is the smallest bone in the human body (it is 0.25 to 0.33 cm long).
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
INNER EAR
THE COCHLEA CONTAINS THE ORGAN OF CORTI THROUGH WHICH ELECTRICAL (SOUND) IMPULSES ARE SENT ALONG THE AUDITORY NERVE TO THE BRAIN
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
THE MIDDLE EAR
THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE ROUGHLY CIRCULAR ALMOST TRANSPARANT WITH A CAPILLIARY BLOOD SUPPLY JOINS MEATUS AROUND ITS CIRCUMFERENCE (ANNULAR)
VESTIBULE THE FLUID FILLED (PERI-LYMPH AND ENDO-LYMPH) CENTRAL CAVITY OF THE BONY LABYRNTH
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
INNER EAR
SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALS RESPONSIBLE FOR SENSING MOTION AND BALANCE HOLLOW BONEY TUBES FILLED WITH PERILYMPH CONTAINS THE MEMBRANEOUS LABYRNTH AND ENDOLYMPH
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
PINNA
STAPES AND OVAL WINDOW
INCUS
MALLEUS
SEMI CIRCULAR CANALS VESTIBULAR AND AUDITORY NERVES
COCHLEA
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
EAR CANAL
EUSTACHIAN TUBE
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
AUDITORY MEATUS CERUMEN (WAX) IS PRODUCED IN THE OUTER 2/3 AND IS A BACTERICIDAL WHICH AIDS IN THE CLEANING MECHANISM ALONG WITH EPITHELIAL MIGRATION
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
HEARING MECHANISM
OUTER EAR – ACOUSTIC TO KINETIC ENERGY
MIDDLE EAR – CAUSES INCREASE IN KINETIC ENERGY ( x18)
INNER EAR – KINETIC TO HYDRAULIC ENERGY THEN HYDRAULIC TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
OR WHATS IN AN EAR
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
TO UNDERSTAND THE HEARING MECHANISM
TO BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES OF THE EAR
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
INNER EAR
BONY AND MEMBRANEOUS LABRYNTH VESTIBULE SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALS COCHLEA VESTIBULAR NERVE AUDITORY NERVE
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
EUSTACHIAN TUBE OR PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE LINKS THE MIDDLE EAR TO THE PHARYNX ALLOWS PRESSURE TO EQUALISE BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE MIDDLE EAR ALLOWS MUCOUS DRAINAGE
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
MADE UP OF THREE REGIONS
EXTERNAL EAR PINNA OR AURICLE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL
MIDDLE EAR TYMPANIC MEMBRANE MALLEUS, INCUS AND STAPES EUSTATION TUBE OR PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
INNER EAR
BONY LABRYNTH ANTERIORLY THE COCHLEA MIDDLE THE VESTIBULE POSTERIORLY THE 3 SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALS
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
INNER EAR
MASTOID BONE
HONEYCOMB OF AIR CELLS
LOCATED BEHIND, ABOVE AND BELOW THE EAR
CELLS LINED BY THIN MUCOUS MEMBRANE
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
OUTER EAR
THE PINNA OR AURICLE CONSISTS OF CARTILEGE AND SKIN ACTS AS A CHANNEL FOR SOUND WAVES AND DIRECTS THEM TOWARDS THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS AND ON TO THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE MADE UP OF 8 DISTINCT STRUCTURES
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
OUTER EAR
PINNA OR AURICLE CARTILEGE COVERED WITH PERICHONDRIUM BOUND TO THE SKIN
AUDITORY MEATUS 2/3 CARTILEGE 1/3 BONE STOPS AT THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
THE AUDITORY NERVE
CARRIES SOUND IMPULSES FROM THE COCHLEA TO THE BRAIN
THE VESTIBULAR NERVE
CARRIES BALANCE SIGNALS FROM THE SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALS TO THE BRAIN
THE MIDDLE EAR
THE OSSICLES STAPES INCUS MALLEUS
TRANFERS SOUND VIBRATIONS FROM THE TYPANIC MEMBRANE TO THE INNER EAR
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
THE MIDDLE EAR
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
INNER EAR
THE COCHLEA
A SPIRAL SHAPED FLUID FILLED STRUCTURE LINED WITH TINY HAIRS (CILLIA) WHICH MOVE WHEN VIBRATED AND CAUSE A NERVE IMPULSE TO FORM
BASIC EAR ANATOMY
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